Калуга, 2018
Составители: старший преподаватель кафедры английского языка
Андрианова И.В., старший преподаватель кафедры английского языка
Молчанова О.Е., к.п.н., доцент кафедры английского языка Шеваршинова
Е.И.
Личные местоимения
It (он, она, оно) it (его, ее; ему, ей; им, ею; (о) нем, (о) ней)
Притяжательные местоимения
my (мой) mine
your (твой) yours
his (его) his
her (ее) hers
its (его, ее) its
our (наш) ours
your (ваш) yours
their (их) theirs
My house is big. – This house is mine. Мой дом большой. – Этот дом большой.
Возвратные местоимения
После глаголов to wash, to shave, to dress, to bathe, to hide, to feel, to behave, to relax, to
concentrate возвратные местоимения не употребляются.
He feels well.
She behaved like a child.
Исключения:
Behave yourself! – Веди себя прилично.
Wash yourself! – Помойся. (в побудительных предложениях)
Относительные местоимения
who – который
whom – которого, которому
which – который
that – который
whose – чей, чья, чье, чьи
The man who is standing near the window is my father. – Человек, который стоит у окна,
мой отец.
The girl whom you want to see is in the classroom. – Девочка, которую вы хотите увидеть,
в классе.
Which употребляется, если придаточное предложение относится к неодушевленному
существительному.
Bring me the hat which is on the small table. – Принесите мне шляпу, которая лежит на
маленьком столе.
I am going to buy the jacket that I saw in the shop yesterday. – Я собираюсь купить куртку,
которую я видел вчера в магазине.
Where’s the student that wrote this test? – Где студент, который написал эту контрольную
работу?
Martin whose mother is Spanish lives in Spain. – Мартин, чья мама испанка, живет в
Испании.
Here are the flowers whose smell is so sweet. – Вот цветы, у которых такой сладкий
аромат.
The man about whom we were talking yesterday will come at 5 o’clock. – Человек, о
котором мы говорили вчера, придет в 5 часов.
The book about which you are talking is very interesting. – Книга, о которой вы говорите,
очень интересная.
Иногда предлог ставится после глагола. В таких случаях возможно употребление that.
The man whom (that) we were talking about yesterday will come at 5 o’clock.
The book which (that) you are talking about is very interesting.
This is the student I told you about. = This is the student whom (that) I told you about.
Это студент, о котором я тебе говорил.
Указательные местоимения
This is a pen. – These are pens. (предмет или лицо находятся близко от говорящего)
That is a picture. – Those are pictures. (предмет или лицо находятся на некотором
расстоянии от говорящего)
Exercises
1. The teacher is helping the students to translate the article. 2. Mother will send Mary to
buy the tickets. 3. The man gave the books to the boy. 4. My friend is going to write a
letter to his sister today. 5. This book is not suitable for young children. 6. Helen worked
hard at history.
1. Tell him not to forget ... ticket; she mustn’t forget ... either. 2. Whose books are those? Are
they ... or ... ? 3. I see that he has lost ... pencil; perhaps you can lend him ... ? 4. Lend them ...
dictionary; they have left ... at home. 5. My trunk is heavier than ... . 6. We’ve taken ...
dictionaries; has she taken ... ? 7. Those seats are not ... , they are ... . 8. This does not look
like ... book, it must be ... .
1. Он сломал мой карандаш, но дал мне свой. 2. Я не знаю, куда я положил свой
словарь. 3. Она рассказала мне вчера о своей поездке в Москву. 4. Она любит
рассказывать нам о своих детях. 5. Я прочту вам свое сочинение и хочу, чтобы вы
прочли мне свое. 6. Я вижу, что у вас нет словаря, я хочу дать вам свой. 7. Я потерял
свою ручку. Не можете ли вы дать мне свою? 8. Ее брат и мой работали в прошлом году
в Москве. 9. Этот словарь мой, а не ваш. 10. Я еще не написал свои упражнения. А
ваши готовы? 11. Вот ваш портфель. А где мой? 12. Они всегда делают уроки дома. 13.
Сегодня холодно. Вы должны надеть пальто. 14. Я попрошу брата достать мне этот
словарь. 15. Он надел пальто и шляпу и вышел. 16. Он поедет туда с женой и дочерью.
17. Он положил деньги в карман. 18. Где вы провели отпуск? 19. Она порезала палец.
20. Я не могу избавиться от простуды.
1. I will ask him ... . 2. She will answer the letter ... . 3. We’ll do it ... . 4. Did you invite
him ... ? 5. He wants to do it ... . 6. Be careful! You will hurt ... . 7. I looked at ... in the mirror.
8. Put on a thicker coat to protect ... from the rain. 9. They told me the news ... .
1. Я сам отвечу на это письмо. 2. Он не любит говорить о себе. 3. Они хотят это сделать
сами. 4. Она хочет это сделать сама. 5. Как вы себя чувствуете? 6. Не брейтесь в
темноте, вы порежетесь. 7. Ваш отец сам был здесь. 8. Я часто купался в море, когда
жил на юге. 9. Он обжегся. 10. Они очень много рассказали нам о себе. 11. Я оставлю
эту книгу для себя. 12. Она сама принесет нам книгу. 13. Я очень удивлен, что он так
себя вел. 14. Не беспокойтесь. Я сам отнесу письмо на почту. 15. Мы сами застрахуем
товар.
1. Do you know the man ... wrote this letter? 2. The magazine ... you lent me is very
interesting. 3. The street ... leads to the station is very wide. 4. The doctor ... she visited told
her to stay in bed. 5. The man ... you want to see has just left. 6. This is the student ... book
you found. 7. The girl ... you see at the door is my sister. 8. A friend of mine, ... was present at
the meeting, told me all about it. 9. Is the man with ... you spoke a writer? 10. These are some
of the finest pictures ... I have ever seen. 11. He will be glad of any help ... you can give him.
12. This is the only example ... I can give you. 13. Yesterday I met my brother, ... showed me
a letter, ... he had received from our parents. 14. My youngest sister, ... you met at my house
last week, has just got married. 15. I went fishing last Sunday, ... is one of the pleasantest
ways of spending one’s free time. 16. He has three sons ... all work at the same factory.
1. ... article is easy and ... one is difficult. 2. Pass me ... magazines. Thank you. 3. ... boy is
fond of music and his dream is to become a pianist. 4. Who is ... girl at the window? 5. ...
books are mine and ... are yours. 6. Are ... men over there your friends? 7. ... flowers are
beautiful, aren’t they? 8. Leave ... two dictionaries on my table and take ... books on the table
over there to the library. 9. ... picture is framed and ... one is not. 10. ... roof is red and ... one
is green.
Exercises (II)
1. Let ... translate these articles into Russian. (we) 2. Let ... take the books to the library today.
(she) 3. Let ... stay at home. He is quite ill. (he) 4. Let ... introduce myself. My name is Helen.
(I) 5. Let ... do this exercise in class. (they) 6. Let ... have a meeting after the classes. (we) 7.
Let ... translate this sentence. It is quite easy. (I) 8. Let ... learn the poem by heart. (she) 9.
Let ... read the story once more. (they) 10. Let ... do it himself. (he)
1. John, give the book to Henry. 2. Tell the students the answer. 3. My sister and I have got a
room of our own. 4. Alec and Mary are engineers by profession. 5. Jane, buy a magazine for
Granny. 6. Kate, read this story to Mary and me, please. 7. Tom has got no nephews or nieces.
8. His wife is not in Petersburg now. 9. Peter, bring flowers for your mother. 10. Send the
letter to your parents.
1. Tell me, isn’t that ... girl-friend over there? Oh, no, she isn’t ... friend, she is ... . 2. Don’t
take this book, it is ... . 3. Have you got a pencil? Kate has got no pencil to write with. Give
her ... . 4. Tell him not to forget ... ticket; ask Helen not to forget ... either. 5. Take ... English
magazines and give me ... . 6. Look at the cat, ... coat is so thick. 7. Isn’t that ... composition?
Yes, it is ... . 8. Don’t come, ... sister is ill. 9. Don’t touch ... face. 10. ... answers are good.
1. Kate is his distant relative. 2. Her uncle is in the Far East now. 3. Let me introduce my
cousin to you. 4. Their great friend is a doctor. 5. Our grandson is a first-year student at the
University. 6. Is Helen your niece? 7. It is my habit to get up early. 8. It is his favourite
expression. 9. He is our colleague. 10. It is her idea.
1. Let him introduce ... . 2. Helen! Do this exercise ... and let Peter and Bob do it ... too. 3.
Let’s translate these articles ..., they are not difficult at all. 4. Don’t go out today. It is very
cold. Let Kate buy a present for her friend ... . 5. Children, dress ... ! It’s time to go for a walk.
The weather is so beautiful. 6. Mother, let me take the books to the library ... . The library is
just round the corner. 7. Go there ... . 8. They know it ... . 9. Let me speak with the child ... .
10. Let her do her homework ... .
1. The man ... has just come in is our neighbour. 2. The woman ... you see in the office is
waiting for the manager. 3. The young man ... application you have just read is a well-known
chemist. 4. The girl ... I have spoken about will be here in an hour. 5. The dog ... is running
along the street has evidently lost its master. 6. Your pet ... you want to punish doesn’t
deserve it. 7. The album ... is lying on the shelf contains many nice sketches. 8. Often they
discussed things about ... he knew nothing. 9. In the dark and cold of the morning they drove
out of the country road through the mist ... hung heavy over the flat. 10. It was pleasant to
walk among the trees ... leaves were of many colours. 11. They reached the street in ... she
lived. 12. The room in ... I found myself was very large. 13. The person ... you said was
waiting is gone. 14. The student ... book you borrowed wishes to have it back. 15. I said
nothing ... made him still more angry.
Оборот there is (are) употребляется в тех случаях, когда говорящий сообщает, что в
каком-то определенном месте имеется или отсутствует предмет или лицо, о котором
ранее не говорилось.
Exercises
1. Look! _________ their telephone number in the letter. 2. Chichester is a very old town.
__________ many old buildings there. 3. Excuse me, __________ a restaurant near here? 4.
How many students ____________ in your group? 5. ____________ a football match on TV
tonight. 6. Look! __________ an accident. Call the ambulance! 7. ____________ 24 hours in
a day. 8. _____________ a long queue outside the cinema.
II. Ask questions to the following statements, then answer them according to the
pattern.
1. There is a cat in the window. 2. There are a few changes in the text. 3. There are many
glasses in the cupboard. 4. There are many people at the stadium. 5. There isn’t any cheese on
the plate. 6. There are difficult exercises in this book. 7. There is a vase on the shelf. 8. There
are interesting programmes on TV today. 9. There aren’t any pears on the plate.
III. Put the following sentences in the interrogative and negative forms:
1. There is a blackboard in the classroom. 2. There are English books on the table. 3. There
are many mistakes in your dictation. 4. There is a new grammar rule in this text. 5. There is a
telegram on the table. 6. There are many people in the street. 7. There are many textbooks in
the bookcase. 8. There is a new cinema near my house. 9. There is a university in our town.
1. There’s a nice park in our city. 2. There are five chairs in the room. 3. There are some
English textbooks on my table. 4. There are many mistakes in your exercise-book. 5. There
are three mistakes in my dictation. 6. There’s a new cinema near my house. 7. There are easy
exercises in this textbook. 8. There are three rooms in our flat. 9. There is a vase of flowers
on the table. 10. There is a bookcase in the corner of the room.
1. Рядом с нашим домом есть школа. Школа находится рядом с нашим домом. 2. В
городе несколько театров. Театры находятся в центре города. 3. В вазе стоят цветы.
Цветы стоят в красивой вазе. 4. В театре много детей. Дети сейчас в театре. 5. На столе
настольная лампа. Настольная лампа стоит на столе.
1. В этом журнале много интересных статей. 2. В нашем городе много музеев и театров.
3. В этой комнате есть телефон? 4. В этой комнате два окна. 5. Сколько статей в этом
журнале? – Там несколько статей. 6. Сколько студентов в аудитории? – Двадцать. 7.
Рядом с нашим домом парк. 8. На этой улице есть школа? 9. На столе лежит несколько
книг. 10. В Москве много красивых зданий. 11. В нашем городе много исторических
памятников. 12. В Санкт-Петербурге много университетов и школ. 13. У меня на столе
интересная книга. 14. В этом уроке мало грамматических правил. 15. Недалеко от
нашего дома есть новая школа. 16. В этом тексте есть новые слова? 17. У него в
диктанте нет ошибок. 18. На том столе много журналов? – Нет, только два. 19. На этом
столе много русских и английских книг. 20. В этой коробке лежат карандаши. 21. В
аудитории двенадцать стульев. 22. В вашей группе 12 или 14 студентов? 23. Что висит
на стене? 24. В этом шкафу лежат английские и русские книги? 25. Какая бумага лежит
на той полке? 26. Сколько карандашей в коробке? 27. Сколько комнат в вашей
квартире? 28. Сколько окон в вашей комнате? 29. Сколько стульев в аудитории? 30.
Сколько страниц в этом учебнике? 31. Сколько студентов в группе у этого
преподавателя? 32. На вашей улице много новых домов? 33. В вашем учебнике много
картинок? 34. В вашем классе есть книжный шкаф? 35. Что лежит в этом книжном
шкафу?
Безличные предложения
It is difficult to believe.
Exercises
1. ... a gas-stove and a fridge in our kitchen. 2. ... a lot of furniture in their flat. 3. ... some
chocolate and a piece of cake on this plate. 4. ... no fruit at home. Will you go and buy some?
5. ... some magazines and a telephone on this little table. 6. ... a lot of work to do this
afternoon. 7. ... plenty of knives in the drawer. 8. ... good news for you! 9. ... some money in
my purse. You may take it. 10. ... a water-colour and some prints on the walls of his room.
1. ... fine today. 2. ... no telephone in this flat. 3. ... an underground station not far from my
house. 4. ... nearly 10 o’clock. 5. ... a pity that you can’t come with me. 6. ... late. We must
hurry. 7. ... a light in the kitchen. Mother is at home. 8. ... no place like home. 9. ... time to go
to bed. 10. ... not true to say that she is a close friend of mine. 11. ... windy. I don’t want to go
out. 12. ... far from here. Let’s take a taxi. 13. ... always much snow in this country in winter.
14. ... snowing hard. ... a lot of snow on the roofs. 15. ... too much sugar in the tea. ... too
sweet. I can’t drink it. ... fattening. 16. Don’t buy this jacket. ... very dark and not becoming.
17. Let’s go out! ... getting dark. 18. ... a dark street, and in that street ... a dark gloomy house.
19. ... nothing you can do about it. ... hopeless. 20. ... already late and ... nobody in the office
to solve your problem. 21. ... sunny but ... a strong wind. ... going to rain. 22. ... very silly of
you. ... no sense in what you say.
1. Сейчас сильный туман. Водители должны быть осторожны. 2. На улице много снега.
3. Еще очень рано. Не уходи. 4. В этой комнате слишком много мебели. 5. Здесь
солнечно и светло. 6. В этом доме все современные удобства. 7. Очень приятно сидеть
перед телевизором по вечерам. 8. В этой комнате нет телефона. Он в коридоре. 9.
Сейчас 11 часов. Давайте выпьем чашку кофе. 10. В ванной комнате есть душ и
умывальник.
1. ... warm in the room. 2. ... a theatre in our street. 3. ... easy to understand this rule. 4. ... five
o’clock in the afternoon. 5. ... so nice seeing you again. 6. ... nothing to be done about this.
7. ... often a rainbow after rain. 8. ... too late to go there now. 9. ... a lot of snow this year.
10. ... a mistake in your dictation. 11. ... far from my house to the Institute. 12. ... difficult to
say what’s wrong about it. 13. ... very strange that he hasn’t come. 14. ... still very early and ...
nobody to be seen in the street. 15. ... usually a stamp on the envelope. 16. ... so cold out-of-
doors today. 17. ... electricity in all the houses of the town. 18. ... a party at our Institute
tonight. 19. ... a lot of work to do. 20. ... not any coffee left. 21. ... cold today; ... a strong
wind. 22. ... not a single mistake in your exercise. 23. ... dark; ... no moon. 24. ... not very far
to walk. 25. ... too early to leave yet. 26. ... strange that she is absent today. 27. ... a post-office
near the house I live in. 28. ... a pity that you can’t come with me. 29. ... not true to say that
she is my friend. 30. ... time to begin our lesson. 31. ... no time to write it down, the lesson is
nearly over. 32. ... a fact that he is often absent from school. 33. ... not any ink in my fountain-
pen.
V. Fill in the gaps with there or it:
1. ... was a lovely morning. 2. ... was absolute silence all over the house. 3. I’m fond of young
Toby; ... is a great charm about the boy. 4. ... was Lucy who told me his address 5. ... must be
a mistake in what you have written. 6. Is ... anything interesting on the TV programme
tonight? 7. They say ... is going to be windy tomorrow. 8. ... was a dense fog that day. 9. ...
was very foggy that day. 10. ... was no necessity to do it yesterday. 11. ... was not necessary to
do it yesterday. 12. ... was snowing heavily all day. 13. ... was heavy snow all day. 14.
While ... is life, ... is hope. 15. ... is all very well to say so, but is it so really? 16. ... is most
unpleasant to have eight lessons a day. 17. ... is not known where he spent his early childhood.
18. ... is a time and place for everything. 19. ... was much to be said on both sides. 20. ... is not
clear who is responsible. 21. ... is a long way from the house to the tram-stop. 22. ... is time to
finish the translation before we go. 23. ... is a long time since I saw such an interesting film.
24. ... is no place like home.
wife, life, knife, wolf, self, calf, shelf, leaf, loaf, thief, half
day – days
radio – radios
ox – oxen
child – children
7. Существительные deer, sheep, swine, fish, trout имеют одну и ту же форму для
единственного и множественного числа.
3) некоторые другие:
watch – watches (часы), clock – clocks, gate – gates (ворота), sledge – sledges (сани).
Ед. ч. Мн.ч.
-us -i
-a -ae
-um -a
-ex -ices
-ix -ices
-is -es
-on -a
basis – bases
crisis – crises
analysis – analyses
thesis – theses
axis – axes
phenomenon – phenomena
radius – radii
nucleus – nuclei
locus – loci
datum – data
criterion – criteria
stimulus – stimuli
parenthesis – parentheses
hypothesis – hypotheses
medium - media
bacterium – bacteria
stratum – strata
formula – formulae
memorandum – memoranda
curriculum – carricula
index – indices
antenna – antennae
genius – genii
The team was the best in the country. – Команда была лучшей в стране.
The team were all given medals. – Всем членам команды вручили медали.
Exercises
Motto, hero, carpet, play, photo, thief, ghetto, manifesto, glass, valley, wolf, mosquito, match,
knife, piano, tomato, safe, handkerchief, lady, box, wife, leaf, chief, loaf, grief, maid-servant,
major-general, custom-house, man-of-war, hotel-keeper, lieutenant-governor, mother-in-law,
schoolgirl, pocket-knife, housemaid, theatre-goer, watchmaker, bookmaker, looker-on,
passer-by, fisherman, textbook, statesman, armchair, man-servant, woman-doctor, postman,
editor-in-chief, sister-in-law, shoemaker, bus-driver, woman-driver, ballet-girl, court-martial,
goose, mouse, bamboo, shelf, fish, life, roof, Englishman, sheep, proof, inch, potato, cliff,
echo, spy, niece, volcano, foot, scarf, deer, genius, phenomenon, index, oven, half, means,
hoof, sanatorium, bath, berry, taxi, penny, watch, child, swine, series, species, crisis, forget-
me-not, merry-go-round, commander-in-chief
1. The sheep is eating grass. 2. There is a potato on the plate. 3. The postman is always very
busy. 4. The roof of this house is bad. 5. This is a lovely city. 6. The worker’s family is at
home. 7. My sister has long hair. 8. This man’s wife is a doctor. 9. Who is this woman? 10.
This piano is of the latest model. 11. That is Ann’s photo. 12. This woman’s husband is a
good sportsman. 13. I have a bad tooth. 14. This baby’s toy is here. 15. He is our chief. 16.
The deer is a beautiful animal. 17. His son-in-law is sitting here. 18. The key is on the shelf.
19. Her brother-in-law is an engineer.
1. The information about this company … encouraging. 2. All the furniture in this office …
the latest design. 3. My knowledge of German … very limited. 4. These shorts … too long. 5.
They … a big family, with many branches. 6. This equipment … for camping. 7. The scissors
… here a minute ago. 8. The Government is of the opinion that money in the accounts …
siphoned out of the country. 9. These trousers … too tight. 10. The weather … fabulous in
Italy in early autumn. 11. These stairs … dangerous. 12. Where … your clothes made? 13.
The headphones on my new walkman … great. 14. … the scales over there electronic? 15.
There … a hair on my dinner plate. 16. Yesterday's homework … rather difficult. 17. Her
luggage … on the scales already. 18. Your advice … very timely.19. The news … too good to
be true. 20. The team … no more then seven young men. 21. The hospital staff … all very
young.22. Judging by the fact that Malfoy usually had the best of everything, his family …
rolling in gold. 23. She came from a large, close-knit and loving clan who … always there to
protect and help each other.
1. Летом мы едим больше фруктов, чем зимой. 2. Эти новости очень интересные. 3. Он
дал мне много полезных советов. 4. Чьи это деньги? 5. Его заработная плата очень
высокая. 6. Товар только что прибыл. 7. Содержание его письма было неожиданным. 8.
Ему очень пригодились его знания. 9. За городом два кирпичных завода. 10. У него
двое часов. 11. Он нашел средство помочь им. 12. Упакуй те книги дюжинами. 13. Это
стоит 18 пенсов. 14. Пенсы делают из бронзы. 15. Я поймал много рыбы. 16. В этом
озере много разной рыбы. 17. Я удовлетворен вашими успехами. 18. Какие новости? 19.
У нас мало сведений по этому вопросу. 20. Фонетика – раздел лингвистики. 21. Это его
деньги. 22. Фрукты дешевы летом. 23. Эти ножницы острые. 24. Ваши брюки слишком
длинные. 25. Где мои очки? 26. Его одежда была мокрая, так как он попал под дождь.
27. Он заплатил две тысячи долларов за картину. 28. У него в корзине было 5 дюжин
яблок. 29. Сотни зрителей пришли на стадион. 30. Какая интересная работа! 31. Какая
дождливая погода! 32. Я купил эти часы в прошлом году. Они очень точные. 33.
Отсутствие новостей – хорошие новости. 34. На столе виноград, апельсины, лимоны и
другие фрукты. 35. Фрукты полезны для нашего здоровья. 36. Том говорит, что делает
очень важную работу. 37. Мне нужен профессиональный совет. 38. У тебя слишком
длинные волосы. Я думаю, что тебе надо их постричь. (to have smth done) 39. У него
мало седых волос. 40. В прошлом году Петр сделал большие успехи в языке (to make
progress in smth). Упорная работа помогла ему добиться этого. 41. Если хотите, чтобы
мы использовали ваши сведения, присылайте их заранее. 42. Разрешите дать вам один
совет. Я уверен, что он вам пригодится. 43. Возьмите эти деньги. Они ваши. Вы
оставили их вчера на столе. 44. Мне хочется купить новую мебель. 45. Я очень быстро
устаю от скучной работы. 46. Его одежда совсем новая. 47. Мои очки на столе. 48. Где
ваши часы? – Я не знаю. Я положил их на стол. 49. В плохую погоду я не выхожу. 50.
Ваши советы очень хороши, но я не могу им последовать. 51. Какие интересные
новости! 52. У нее черные волосы.
Ex.5. Translate the sentences into English:
Last – последний по
Latter – последний из двух порядку, прошлый
Is there a later train?
Two specialists were invited: Mr. Brown and Mr. Smith. The former (Mr. Brown) is an
engineer and the latter (Mr. Smith) is an economist.
What's the latest news?
When does the last train leave?
Nearest - ближайший
Near Nearer
Особые структуры:
1) Превосходная степень сравнения прилагательного, образованная с помощью
most, может употребляться с неопределенным артиклем, если за ней следует
исчисляемое существительное в единственном числе, или без артикля, если за
ней следует неисчисляемое существительное в единственном числе или
существительное во множественном числе. Значение при этом меняется.
This is a most interesting book. - Это крайне (очень) интересная книга.
These are most interesting books. - Это крайне (очень) интересные книги.
2) Если за словом most, имеющим значение большинство, идет существительное,
которое обозначает неизвестные предметы или лица, то перед существительным
не употребляются предлог of и артикль.
Most young people are fond of sport.
Если за словом most идет существительное, обозначающее известные предметы
или лица, то перед существительным употребляется предлог of и определенный
артикль, притяжательное или указательное местоимение.
Most of my friends are students.
I have read most of these books.
I spend most of the time at the University.
3) Выражение гораздо больше может переводиться с помощью much more, если
далее идет неисчисляемое существительное, или many more, если далее идет
исчисляемое существительное.
He has much more free time than I have.
He has many more books than I have.
4) Сравнительная и превосходная степени сравнения прилагательных могут
строиться с помощью less и (the) least:
This task is less difficult. – Это задание менее трудное.
This task is the least difficult. – Это задание наименее трудное.
5) Ваша комната в два раза больше моей. – Your room is twice as large as mine.
Ваша комната в два раза меньше моей. – Your room is half as large as mine.
Этот чемодан в три раза тяжелее того. – This suitcase is three times as heavy as
that one.
У меня в два раза меньше книг, чем у него. – I have half as many books as he has.
6) Конструкция чем … тем в русском языке соответствует конструкции the +
сравнительная степень прилагательного … the + сравнительная степень
прилагательного в английском языке.
The harder you work, the better results you will achieve. – Чем больше ты будешь
работать, тем лучших результатов ты добьешься.
Обратите внимание на употребление времени Present Indefinite в первой части
конструкции.
Exercises
I. Write the following adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees:
1. Nothing is more pleasant ... to sit in a comfortable chair and read an interesting book. 2.
Your sister is ... young ... his. 3. The dining-room is much bigger ... the study. 4. Our teacher
is not ... old … theirs. 5. My brother is older ... I am, but he is younger ... my sister. 6. The
study is not ... big ... the bedroom. 7. The Sun is bigger ... the Earth. 8. This street is ... wide ...
the next one. 9. His radio set is not ... powerful ... mine. 10. This English book is not ...
difficult ... that one. 11. This woman is ... old ... you are.
III. Use the correct form of the adjectives given in brackets:
1. This room is ... and ... than that one. (big, comfortable) 2. Your work is ... than that of John.
(good) 3. Mary is ... student of your group. (bright) 4. Take this knife. It is ... than yours.
(sharp) 5. Don’t sit down here. I think it is ... armchair in our flat. (uncomfortable) 6. George
is ... than William. He is ... in our family. (old) 7. Where is your ... brother? (old) 8. It is ...
book in my collection. (interesting) 9. This street is ... and ... than that one. (narrow, quiet) 10.
Which is ... room in your flat? (large) 11. There are ... students in group 3 than in group 2.
(many) 12. Which is ... day of the year? (long) 13. Yours is ... dictation, I’m sorry to say.
(bad) 14. Which is ... way to the University? (near) 15. Helen is ... girl in our group. (noisy)
16. In our block of flats there are ... flats than in hers. (few) 17. I am not so ... as you are, I am
sorry. (quick) 18. July is ... and ... month of the year. (hot, dry) 19. This book is as ... as the
one you are reading. (interesting) 20. Is your brother ... than you? (old) 21. There is ... snow in
the garden than in the streets. (much) 22. There is ... sugar in this sugar-basin than in that one.
(little) 23. My sister is much ... than myself. (old) 24. This is ... room in the house. (warm) 25.
Her daughter is a little ... than I but much ... . (tall, thin) 26. It was ... than I thought, only six
o’clock. (early) 27. Where is ... shop? (near) 28. He is ... son in the family. (old) 29. What’s ...
news? (late) 30. Only when ... guest left the room she sighed freely. (late) 31. Cardiff is ...
town in Wales. (large) 32. She is much ... at home than here. (useful) 33. She is ... girl we
have ever seen. (beautiful) 33. He is one of ... engineers at the plant. (good) 34. Today your
answer is ... than last week. (bad) 35. John is my ... friend in place. (old) 36. This is ... story in
the whole collection. (funny) 37. I didn’t like ... chapter in this book. (late) 38. Your
composition must be as ... as possible. (short) 39. He was not so ... as we had expected.
(talented) 40. They always choose ... way. (easy) 41. Which is ... mountain in the world?
(high) 42. What can be ... than honey? (sweet)
1. Please, tell me the (next, nearest) way to the post-office. 2. The exercise is on the (next,
nearest) page. 3. We must wait for some (farther, further) instructions. 4. Who is that boy in
the (farthest, furthest) corner of the room? 5. He is the (oldest, eldest) son of my father’s
friend. 6. This is the (oldest, eldest) edition of the book. 7. Lucy is my (oldest, eldest) pen-
friend. 8. I am (older, elder) than you. 9. Jim is the (oldest, eldest) son in the family. He is two
years (older, elder) than Mary. 10. Eleven o’clock is the (last, latest) time when my daughter
goes to bed.
1. В моей квартире меньше удобств, чем в вашей. 2. Квартира моей сестры менее
удобна, чем моя. 3. В квартире моего дяди больше комнат, чем здесь. 4. В какой из
ваших комнат больше мебели, в кабинете или в столовой? 5. Его рассказы менее
интересны, чем романы. 6. Ваш район очень хороший, в нем больше зелени (trees), чем
в нашем. 7. В моем саду меньше цветов в этом году, чем обычно. 8. У меня в кабинете
меньше мебели, чем в гостиной. 9. На улице меньше снега, чем в саду. 10. У вас больше
английских книг, чем у меня. 11. У меня меньше дисков, чем у тебя. 12. Ваши фрукты
более спелые, чем мои. 13. Какой язык труднее, английский или немецкий? 14. Волга –
самый длинный водный путь в Европе, не так ли? 15. Каковы последние новости? 16.
Сегодня погода хуже, чем вчера. 17. Февраль – самый короткий месяц года. 18. Ведь
Лондон больше Парижа? 19. Мой словарь лучше твоего. 20. Какой материк самый
большой? 21. Он не такой высокий, как его старший брат. 22. Какой путь самый
короткий? 23. Джим – мой самый старый и самый лучший друг. 24. Это самая грубая
ошибка. 25. Эти яблоки слаще груш. 26. Она ниже ростом, чем ее муж. 27. Альпы –
самые высокие горы в Европе. 28. Последний рассказ в этой книге – самый интересный.
29. В воскресенье мы встаем позже, чем обычно. 30. Байкал – самое глубокое озеро в
мире. 31. Хотя сыну всего 15 лет, он уже выше своего отца. 32. У вас произношение
хуже, чем у других студентов вашей группы. Вам надо больше заниматься. 33. Прямая
линия – кратчайшее расстояние между двумя точками. 34. Моя сестра на 6 лет моложе
меня. 35. Ваше эссе в два раза длиннее моего. 36. Это дерево в два раза выше того. 37.
Вам нравится этот пиджак? – Да, но он в три раза дороже того. 38. Сегодня в два раза
холоднее, чем вчера. 39. Она выглядит в два раза моложе своей сестры. 40. Хотя эта
квартира в два раза меньше той, она мне больше нравится. 41. Этот перевод в два раза
легче того. Я уверен, что ты с ним справишься. 42. Эти новости не такие интересные,
как те, которые мы слышали на прошлой неделе. 43. Товары в этом магазине не такие
дорогие, как в том. 44. Новая машина Майкла такая же мощная, как и моя. 45.
Движение на этой улице не такое интенсивное, как в центре.
VI. Use the required form of the adjective given in brackets. Insert articles
where necessary:
1. My sister is much (old) than myself. 2. Where is (near) shop? 3. He is (old) son in the
family. 4. What’s (late) news? 5. Only when (late) guest left the room, she sighed freely. 6.
John is my (old) friend in place. 7. I didn’t like (late) chapter in this book. 8. These are (late)
books and current magazines. 9. Are you getting off at (late) stop? 10. There is no one (near)
to me than you. 11. Excuse me, where is (near) metro station? 12. My roommate is as (old) as
I. 13. Of the four children Tony is (old). 14. My (old) brother is a loving family man. 15. Billy
lived at (far) end of the village. 16. A (far) calculation shows that these figures are incorrect.
17. We have two managers at the office: Jack and Anthony. The former is thirty, (late) is
twenty-eight. 18. This illustrated magazine shows photographs of (late) fashions. 19. Last
week my students passed (late) exam. 20. (near) week you’ll have to write (near) essay
according to our plan. 21. (near) time think before you speak. 22. Are you getting off at (near)
stop, sir? 23. I am (late), but not (late). 24. We need (late) telephone directory. 25. – Who is
(old) here? – Mr. Stone is, though he is the youngest man here. 26. Have you an (old) brother
or sister? 27. They are waiting for (far) news from home.
1. Вы моя последняя надежда. 2. На сколько лет ваш муж старше вас? – Мы ровесники.
3. В следующий вторник мы обсудим следующий пункт программы. 4. На этой
выставке представлено последнее оборудование со всего мира. 5. У меня две близкие
подруги: Мэри и Джейн. Первая очень сдержана, вторая очень эмоциональна. 6. Они
принялись за работу без дальнейших комментариев. 7. Это последняя капля. Я этого не
могу больше выносить. 8. Моя старшая сестра – талантливый музыкант. 9. Где здесь
ближайшая станция метро? 10. Я выхожу на следующей остановке. 11. В их семье трое
детей. Джон самый старший ребенок. 12. Это самая старая книга, которую я когда-либо
видел.
The most interesting of (interesting) all the cities I have ever visited was New York. It was ...
(good) place I have ever been to. The buildings are ... (tall) ... those in any other city and the
streets are ... (busy) streets ... the world, full of traffic and people all day. ... (exciting) thing ...
all was the sightseeing. I saw some of ... (amazing) places. The only thing that spoilt my stay
was the weather. While I was in New York, the city had one of ... (cold) winters on record and
... (bad) snowstorm in years.
New Cross memorial is the busiest (busy) hospital in New York. It has ... (new) medical
equipment and ... (fast) ambulances ... the city. Its waiting lists are ... (short) ... other
hospitals’ and many people say the medical staff are ... (caring) ... America. Dr Moss works in
the children’s ward. Her work is ... (hard) ... some of her colleagues’ because she is ...
(qualified) doctor on the ward. Despite this, she thinks she has ... (good) job ... the hospital.
Her hours are ... (bad) ... her friends’ but the rewards are ... (great) ... theirs.
IX. Open the brackets and give the correct forms of the comparative constructions:
1. (Interesting) the book is, (fast) you read it. 2. (Hot) the weather is, (bad) I feel. 3. (Soon) he
takes the medicine, (well) he will feel. 4. (Little) she ate, (angry) she was. 5. (Long) the
children saw the film, (frightened) they felt. 6. (Late) you come, (little) you will sleep. 7.
(Much) you study, (clever) you will become. 8. (Cold) the winter is, (hot) the summer will be.
9. (Near) you come up, (well) you will see the picture.
Чем быстрее вы придете, тем лучше. – The sooner you come, the better.
There were some fifty people there. – Там было приблизительно пятьдесят человек.
При наличии отрицания not местоимение any имеет значение «никакие» или
«нисколько» и может быть заменено отрицательным местоимением no (в последнем
случае отрицательная частица not не употребляется):
There aren’t any flowers in the vase. There isn’t any meat on the frying-pan.
There are no flowers in the vase. There is no meat on the frying-pan.
В вазе нет никаких цветов. – There are no flowers in the vase. – There aren’t any
flowers in the vase.
There is a telephone in his flat, but there is none in mine. – В его квартире есть
телефон, а в моей нет.
I bought a lot of books in Moscow, but he bought none. – Я купил много книг в
Москве, а он не купил ни одной.
I’ll have some free time tomorrow, but today I have none. – У меня будет свободное
время завтра, а сегодня у меня нет свободного времени.
some any
Exercises
There are no apples on the plate. – There aren’t any apples on the plate.
1. She has got no English books. 2. I have got no friends here. 3. She has no more money. 4. I
have got no cousins. 5. They have got no children. 6. There are no boys or girls in the house.
7. He has got no toys to play with.
1. У доктора Смита нет детей. 2. У Бенни нет братьев и сестер. 3. У него нет
родственников в этом городе. 4. У меня нет английских книг. 5. Не давайте вашему
мальчику больше конфет. 6. У доски нет мела. 7. У меня нет времени разговаривать с
тобой. 8. У нас сегодня нет уроков. 9. У нас в контрольной нет ошибок. 10. Не
задавайте мне вопросов.
1. Are there ... letters for me? – No, there aren’t ... letters for you. There are ... letters in the
letter-box. 2. You have ... very nice water-colours here. 3. I have got ... interesting books to
read. 4. There aren’t ... magazines here. 5. There are ... coat-hangers in the wardrobe. 6. I have
got ... interesting news to tell you. 7. There isn’t ... butter on the table. Take ... fresh butter
from the fridge. 8. Will you have a cup of tea? There is ... hot water in the kettle. 9. I have
got ... time to speak to you now. I am very busy. 10. Have you got ... English records at
home? 11. You may read ... book you like. 12. Where can I buy ... flowers? 13. I am
interested in ... information you can give me on this question. 14. May I have ... water, please?
15. Give me ... money if you have ... . 16. If you have ... idea about it, please tell it to me. 17.
If you see ... nice prints, buy them, please.
a) 1. There are some flowers in the vase on the table. 2. There are some fresh newspapers in
the letter-box. 3. There are some dirty dishes in the sink. 4. There are some pictures in this
magazine. 5. There are some mistakes in your test-paper. 6. There are some fish in the bag.
b) 1. There is some meat in the fridge. 2. There is some milk in the bottle. 3. There is some
tooth-paste in the tube. 4. There is some bread on the plate. 5. There is some boiled water in
the kettle. 6. There is some beautiful fruit in the shop-window.
VI. Translate the sentences into English:
Exercises
1. I saw ... at the window. 2. Is there ... new? 3. There is ... in the next room who wants to
speak to you. 4. Has ... called? 5. I want ... to copy this text. 6. We have not told ... about it. 7.
Give me ... to eat, I am hungry. 8. If ... calls while I am out, ask him to wait. 9. If there is ...
else you want, please let me know. 10. I haven’t any more money with me, so I cannot buy ...
else. 11. Was there ... absent? 12. ... left the light on all night. 13. Where can I get ... to drink?
14. When can I find ... here who can give me some information on this question? 15. Let me
know if ... happens.
1. He lives somewhere near here. 2. Something fell on the floor in the kitchen. 3. Somebody
from the Department of Education is here. 4. There is something in what he says. 5. They
knew something about it. 6. There is someone in the room. 7. I want to tell you something. 8.
Someone is knocking at the door. 9. I saw this man somewhere. 10. Something has happened
to her.
1. I saw nobody in the library. 2. There has been no rain for several days. 3. He said nothing
about it in his last letter. 4. I have received no letters from him lately. 5. He gave me no ink. 6.
I have no dictionary. 7. He said nothing. 8. I shall give the book to nobody else. 9. I have
heard nothing about it.
1. She was told that (someone/anybody) was waiting for her in the street. 2. He was standing
by the window and was looking (somewhere/anywhere) on the right. 3. I don’t remember
(someone/anyone) else. 4. Have you read (something/anything) by Oscar Wilde? 5. Could you
give me (something/anything) to eat? 6. If (someone/anyone) comes, let me know
immediately. 7. I haven’t heard from her for a month. I am afraid, (nothing/something) has
happened to her. 8. Have you read (something/anything) about this author? – No, I have read
(something/nothing). 9. She refused to say (something/anything) because she thought she was
being treated unfairly.10. What’s the matter? Why are you crying? Has (anything/something)
happened to your mother? She told me she had had a heart attack. 11. Would you like
(something/anything) to drink? Whisky or gin? 12. She is still (somewhere/nowhere) abroad.
13. I have (anything/nothing) to add. 14. The sick man was able to get up without
(someone’s/anyone’s) help. 15. (Anybody/Nobody) could do this work. It’s very simple.
VII. Fill in the blanks with some, any, no making the appropriate compounds if
necessary:
1. Is there ... here who speaks English? 2. Do you have ... idea where I can borrow ... money
here? 3. ... tells me you have got bad news for me. 4. He had ... idea what to do next. 5. I am
sorry, but the practical experience shows that his work is of ... value. 6. Our professor wanted
to make up ... exercises to teach the pupils how to use a dictionary. 7. I am sorry but there is ...
message for you. 8. Hardly ... understood what he meant. 9. I can’t find my glasses ... . 10. If
there is ... message for me, please send it to me. 11. I don’t know ... about it. He said ... about
it in his last letter. 12. He is Mr. Know-All. He can give you ... information you need. 13.
Where can I find ... here who can give me ... advice on this question? 14. I don’t like it that
every evening you go ... .
1. Why are ... of you talking? Hardly ... is listening to me. 2. No, I have ... to add. 3. Has ...
asked you about this matter? 4. ... of them have been there either. 5. You’d better not speak
to ... of them. 6. Can ... of you go there? 7. I am sure they kept silence. ... of them spoke about
this. 8. I did not know that ... of you had already seen it. 9. Write to us ... interesting, will you?
10. Could ... of you answer such a difficult question?
IX. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Я не читал никаких книг этого писателя. 2. Если что-нибудь случится, это не моя
вина. 3. Вы можете купить этот журнал для меня? Я нигде его не вижу. 4. Кто-нибудь
еще пришел? 5. Преступник нигде не сможет скрыться, ничто и никто не поможет ему.
6. Купи что-нибудь поесть, у нас в холодильнике ничего нет. 7. Почему ты так
рассердился? Никто не знал о его приезде. 8. Этот человек никогда ничего не боится. 9.
Я нашел чью-то шапку. 10. Мне кажется, с ней что-то случилось. 11. Любой может
купить эти куртки. Они довольно дешевые. 12. Не молчи, скажи что-нибудь. 13. Вы
что-нибудь читали об экономике этой страны? – Почти ничего. 14. Я никому из них не
говорил о его предложении. 15. Хотите что-нибудь выпить? 16. Он почти никого не
знал в этом городе. 17. Вас кто-нибудь из них приглашал на этот вечер? 18. Ты бы
хотел поехать куда-нибудь летом? 19. Кто-то из нас должен пойти туда. 20.
Полицейский показал мне несколько фотографий, но я никого не узнал. 21. Он ничего
не сообщил об этом. 22. Если кто-нибудь позвонит, я буду дома в 8 часов. 23. Мы
отказались что-либо делать. 24. Он сделал это без какого-либо разрешения. 25. Тебе
что-то попало в глаз?
Exercises
I. Fill in the gaps with much and many:
1. ... people want to see this play. 2. I don’t drink ... wine. 3. How ... sheets of paper do you
want? 4. Hurry up! You haven’t got ... time. 5. How ... does it cost? 6. We haven’t had ... rain
this summer. 7. How ... time does it take to get there? 8. How ... times have you been there? 9.
How ... butter did you buy? 10. How ... apples did you buy? 11. He doesn’t eat ... fruit.
1. ... sugar have you put into my cup? 2. ... spoons of sugar do you usually take with your tea?
3. ... homework do you get every day? 4. ... cups of coffee do you drink a day? 5. ... coffee did
you drink yesterday? 6. ... foreign languages do you speak? 7. Do you know ... money he
spent? 8. Tell me please ... time it will take me to get there. 9. ... times a month do you go to
the theatre? 10. Do you know ... people live in Moscow? 11. I see you are a stranger here. Let
me help you. The customs officer is asking ... perfume you have got. 12. ... cigarettes do you
smoke a day? 13. ... oil has been extracted this month? 14. ... barrels of oil did the Arab
Emirates sell last year? 15. ... money does it cost to get there?
III. Fill in the blanks with the expressions: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great
deal of, a good deal of, a good many, a great many, a large number of. Give as many
variants as you can.
1. We have ... apples this year. 2. Doctor Sandford’s wife has ... flowers in her garden. 3. She
has ... trouble with her son Benny. 4. The doctor has ... patients. 5. A housewife has ... work to
do. 6. He has got ... English books in his library. 7. We have got ... spare time today. 8. Their
family is large. They have ... children. 9. I spend ... money on books. 10. She buys ... milk for
her grandchildren. 11. I have ... questions to ask. 12. I know ... interesting stories. 13. Bill
Gates earns ... money every day. 14. He has changed ... jobs in his life. 15. Ask him to tell you
something. He had ... interesting experiences while travelling. 16. The boss gave me ...
instructions before his leave. 17. She is trying to keep to a diet. Every day she eats ... apples
and drinks ... mineral water. 18. Our department receives ... mail. 19. We have to pay ... taxes
buying luxury goods. 20. They bought ... paint to redecorate their house. 21. The US
automobile industry produces ... cars every year.
IV. Fill in the blanks with much, many, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great
deal of, a good deal of, a great many, a good many, a large number of:
1. He has not ... friends in Moscow. 2. He has ... friends. 3. He has as ... friends as I have. 4.
He has got ... work to do. 5. He hasn’t got ... work to do today. 6. Have you invited ... people
to the party? 7. We have invited ... people to the party. 8. You have invited too ... people to
the party. 9. I haven’t bought ... apples. 10. I have bought ... apples. 11. He didn’t know ...
about it. 12. There are a few bananas and ... apples in the fridge. 13. She put ... butter in the
cake. 14. Have you got ... homework? – Our teacher always gives us ... homework. 15. We
don’t need ... eggs to cook this meal. 16. He’s made ... progress in such a short time! 17. Are
there ... unemployed people in your country? 18. There are ... oil deposits in Siberia. 19. There
is ... time at our disposal. 20. She is very sociable, that’s why she has got ... friends. 21. Try to
call Mr. Green. He never gives ... useful advice, but you can hear ... valuable information. 22.
One needs ... money to start a new business. 12. You can’t install ... equipment in a small
shop. 13. He doesn’t want ... advisors. He thinks he can solve the problem himself. 14. Be
careful with him. He has got ... projects and desires, but hasn’t got ... money and patience to
realize them. 15. Astronomy studies ... interesting phenomena.
V. Paraphrase the following words in bold type using little, a little, few, a few:
Example: There is hardly any wine in the bottle. – There is little wine in the bottle.
The chairman said some words. – The chairman said a few words.
1. I can’t help you. I have hardly any time. 2. Mr. Brown, can I come and see you today? I’d
like to ask you some questions. 3. It is no use asking him about it. He has hardly any
knowledge of the subject. 4. I go to the theatre when I have some money and free time. 5. Is
there much chalk in the box? – No, there is hardly any here. 6. He drank some water and felt
much better. 7. There was hardly any tea in the cup, so he poured some more. 8. Hardly any
people understood what he said. 9. There are some carrots in the box. 10. Mummy, may I
have some ice cream? 11. Many years ago some people realized the significance of this
discovery. 12. There was hardly any doubt that the problem could be solved in the near
future. 13. We didn’t have to take a porter. We had hardly any luggage. 14. I think he is
rather greedy. He buys hardly any things for himself. 15. We have received some valuable
information. I think it will help us a lot.
1. I’d like to make ... remarks in connection with the topic under discussion. 2. ... people
realize how important it is to go in for sports. 3. The student has deep knowledge of English
and besides he knows ... French. 4. He is a man of ... words. 5. Only ... names remained in his
memory, for this accident happened more than 20 years ago. 6. That lecture was so difficult
that only ... students could understand it. 7. I had ... hope of getting home tonight because I
realized that I had lost my way. 8. The postman doesn’t often come here. We receive ...
letters. 9. I’m having ... trouble fixing this shelf. – Oh, dear! Can I help you? 10. I shall be
away for ... days from tomorrow. 11. When you’ve wanted something very badly and it comes
at last, it is somehow ... frightening. 12. It was a cold windy evening, and there were ... people
in the park. 13. There were no doctors for the wounded, and to make things worse there was
only ... food left. 14. She asked permission to speak to the guest for ... moments. 15. I won’t
listen to you! I’d like to believe that there is ... hope left.
VII. Paraphrase the following sentences using the words from the box:
1. Only some pupils wrote the test. 2. A small number of people live to be 80 in Russia. 3. I
have not much time for studying. 4. He had a considerable number of mistakes in his
dictation. 5. She has got some time to prepare for the report.
VIII. Translate the sentences into English using little, a little, few, a few:
1. Джим вчера попросил меня починить машину, но у меня было мало времени, и мне
пришлось отказать ему. 2. Она очень застенчива. У нее мало подруг. 3. В зале было
довольно много людей, так как фильм был интересный. 4. У меня есть несколько книг
по этой проблеме. 5. У нас нет сахара. Купи немного по дороге домой. 6. Мало кто
понял, что он хочет сказать. 7. Я выпил немного кофе и смог работать до полуночи. 8. В
его переводе было мало ошибок. 9. Они подошли к небольшой деревне; в ней было
несколько домов. 10. У них оставалось немного времени до начала спектакля, и они
решили пойти перекусить. 11. Не думаю, что он будет хорошим врачом. У него мало
терпения. 12. У нас было мало денег, поэтому мы решили поехать автобусом. 13.
Довольно много друзей пришли навестить его. 14. У него не хватает несколько
долларов, чтобы купить эту картину. 15. Ты можешь взять несколько конфет.
IX. Fill in the spaces with much, many, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, plenty of, a
great number of, a great deal of:
1. The living conditions in the district were very poor and there were only ... doctors
available. 2. He is a very intelligent man. Do you know that he speaks ... foreign languages?
3. The situation was becoming worse and worse. ... projects had to be postponed. 4. The show
was poor. There was ... applause. 5. There were ... people at the meeting, but most of them left
early, so there aren’t ... left now. 6. Have you finished that glass of milk? There is ... milk in
the fridge if you’d like more. 7. We haven’t had ... rain this summer. The garden needs
watering. 8. The party was a failure. Unfortunately, they had invited ... interesting people. 9.
He didn’t know ... facts about the accident. 10. Did the storm cause ... damage to the crops?
11. Is there ... coal left in the region? 12. Don’t worry. There is ... food. It will be enough for a
month’s expedition. 13. He doesn’t pay ... attention to pronunciation. It’s difficult to
understand him. 14. Is there ... work for you to do every day? 15. There is ... juice left. Help
yourself.
Когда в состав сказуемого входят два или три вспомогательных глагола, то только
первый из них ставится перед подлежащим.
She has been reading since morning. Has she been reading since morning?
The book will have been read by tomorrow. Will the book have been read by tomorrow?
He is a student. Is he a student?
Обычной формой ответов являются ответы, состоящие из слов Yes или No,
подлежащего, выраженного соответствующим местоимением, и вспомогательного или
модального глагола. В отрицательном ответе отрицательная частица not обычно
сливается с вспомогательным глаголом.
Ответы на общие вопросы в отрицательной форме строятся так же, как и на общие
вопросы в утвердительной форме. Однако, нужно помнить, что в английском языке в
утвердительном ответе всегда стоит yes, а в отрицательном -no. В русском языке нет
может стоять как в утвердительном, так и в отрицательном ответе.
Exercises
Упражнение 1. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме:
1. He speaks Chinese very well. 2. His father was a doctor. 3. These books were published in
Moscow. 4. He wrote them a letter from Sochi. 5. The weather will be fine tomorrow. 6. All
books must be returned to the library before the 1st of July. 7. I ought to have done it. 8. He
has been working hard for the last two months. 9. He has got a car. 10. This box weighs more
than that one. 11. He can swim well. 12. He is working in the library. 13. They were glad to
see him. 14. These boys like reading travel stories.
1. The book was interesting. 2. He went to the Caucasus last summer. 3. He can play chess. 4.
He has finished his work. 5. He knows her address. 6. We shall be able to spend a month
there. 7. He would like to come with us. 8. I am working hard. 9. He will come in the evening.
10. She knows that man. 11. They were glad to see him. 12. They are at the office.
Упражнение 3. Напишите утвердительные и отрицательные ответы на
следующие вопросы:
1. Have you done your work? 2. Does she know him? 3. Can you help me? 4. Do you want to
go there? 4. Was he surprised to see him? 5. Aren’t you cold? 6. Haven’t you spoken to the
manager yet? 7. Can’t you prepare your work now? 8. Didn’t you come by train? 9. Doesn’t
he speak English? 10. Won’t he come tonight? 11. Wasn’t he at the office yesterday?
1. Вы знаете Энн? – Да, знаю. 2. Видели ли вы этот фильм? – Нет, не видел. 3. Будете
ли вы дома сегодня вечером? – Да, буду. 4. Эта книга вам нравится? – Да, нравится. 5.
Вы ходите пешком в институт? – Да, я всегда хожу пешком. 6. Вы когда-нибудь видели
эту пьесу? – Нет, никогда не видел. 7. Не можете ли вы придти сюда завтра в 10 часов
утра? – Да, могу. 8. Не хотите ли вы пойти со мной в кино сегодня вечером? 9. Не
знаете ли вы, где Мэри? 10. Не слыхали ли вы, когда она возвращается в Москву?
She is very busy, isn’t she? – Она очень занята, не так ли?
You speak English, don’t you? – Вы говорите по-английски, не правда ли?
He went to Moscow, didn’t he?– Он поехал в Москву, да?
They haven’t returned from London yet, have they? - Они еще не вернулись из
Лондона, не так ли?
My friend can’t speak French, can he? – Мой друг не умеет говорить по-
французски, не так ли?
Exercises
1. She teaches the students English, doesn’t she? 2. They won’t go to the pictures with
us, will they? 3. Helen is your sister, isn’t she? 4. The weather was fine yesterday, wasn’t it?
5. You can help me, can’t you? 6. He wasn’t surprised to see us, was he? 7. He went to the
Caucasus last summer, didn’t he?
1. She looks like you, …? 2. It isn’t cold today, …? 3. You saw him at the canteen
yesterday, …? 4. They won’t come to see us, …? 5. You haven’t bought your ticket yet, …?
6. You play chess, …? 7. You will travel by train, …? 8. He can’t speak Chinese, …? 9. They
aren’t in town, …? 10. His father was a doctor, …? 11. You don’t know her, …? 12. He has a
car, …? 13. He is working in the library, …? 14. He wrote them a letter from Sochi, …? 15.
All books must be returned to the library, …?
1. They aren’t waiting for me, are they? 2. He isn’t injured, is he? 3. She hasn’t made any
mistakes in her essay, has she? 4. She doesn’t play the piano, does she? 5. The students can’t
translate this text without a dictionary, can they? 6. You haven’t caught a cold, have you? 7.
You weren’t late, were you? 8. You don’t have to go yet, do you? 9. He won’t come in the
evening, will he? 10. The children shouldn’t play here, should they?
Do you like tea or (do you like) coffee? – Вы любите чай или кофе?
Is he having a rest or (is he) working? – Он работает или отдыхает?
Did you spend your vacation in Italy or (did you spend it) in Spain? – Вы провели отпуск
в Италии или в Испании?
Which do you prefer: tea or coffee? – Что вы предпочитаете: чай или кофе?
Exercises
1. Would you like to go to the theatre? Would you like to go to the cinema? 2. Do you
like Chinese food? Do you like Japanese food? 3. Can he speak French? Can he speak
German? 4. Was she right? Was she wrong? 5. Is it going to rain? Is it going to snow? 6. I s
this your bag? Is this your sister’s bag? 7. Is he swimming? Is he sunbathing? 8. Will you help
me? Will your brother help me?
1. Это ракетка для игры в бадминтон или для игры в теннис? 2. Он из дома или из
университета приходит на тренировку? 3. В этой экспедиции участвовала много или
мало человек? 4. Ваша сестра умеет играть на пианино или на гитаре? 5. Вы или ваш
друг знает этого человека? 6. Студенты сейчас пишут диктант или читают текст? 7. У
него есть собака или кошка? 8. Его сестре восемь или девять лет? 9. Она уже закончила
университет или еще учится? 10. В этой библиотеке много или мало книг на
английском языке?
When did the teacher read an interesting story to the students? – Yesterday.
To whom did the teacher read an interesting story yesterday? – To the students.
What is he?
Кто он такой? Каков он?
What are they?
Кто они такие? Каковы они?
What is he (she, it) like?
Что он (она, оно) собой представляет?
What are they like?
Что они собой представляют?
What sort (kind) of man is he?
Что он за человек?
What sort (kind) of thing is it?
Что это за предмет?
Who hasn’t seen this film yet? – Кто еще не видел этого фильма?
Who doesn’t know this rule? – Кто не знает этого правила?
Exercises
1. He wore a straw hat. 2. The cover of this book is made of leather. 3. They invited my
sister and me. 4. Sugar cane grows in warm climates. 5. These students want to take part
in the expedition. 6. I shall speak to the manager about it. 7. The buyers were interested in
the purchase of 5000 tons of fuel oil. 8. The suppliers sent a telegram to the buyers. 9. I
shall discuss the matter with the chief engineer. 10. An English ton contains 1016 kilograms.
11. The cargo will be discharged in St. Petersburg. 12. Some bags were damaged by sea
water. 13. Thirty cases of spare parts are ready for shipment. 14. A hundred bags were
taken to the warehouse. 15. The steamer could not be unloaded yesterday because of the
storm. 16. Helen is my sister. 17. He is a bookkeeper. 18. The distance between that village
and Moscow is 60 kilometres. 19. The price of the drilling machine is 8000 roubles. 20. The
weight of the machine is two tons. 21. They are doctors. 22. The buyers asked for a
reduction of 5 per cent in the price.
1. Who teaches you English? 2. Who wrote “Hamlet”? 3. Who’ll come to the pictures with
me? 4. What fell on the floor just now? 5. Which of you knows the shortest way to the
station? 6. How many of you can speak English fluenly? 7. What is the capital of China? 8.
Who is that man? 9. What is she like? 10. What is New-York like
1. He translates a lot of letters into English. 2. I had an early morning call at seven o’clock. 3.
Little children like to ask many questions. 4. Their classes will last till four o’clock tomorrow.
5. He has already done this task. 6. She spends a lot of time on her English. 7. My children are
at college. 8. They had supper at seven o’clock. 9. I am going to play tennis in the evening.
10. They were writing when I came in. 11. She can play the guitar very well. 12. There are
plenty of people in the library now. 13. Brazil won the World Cup in 1994. 14. He has already
read a lot of English books. 15. They have classes at 9 every day.
1. The film was exciting. 2. Thousands of people visited the exhibition. 3. He watches TV
every day. 4. They can go to the country on Friday. 5. She has painted the walls.
1. You went to the cinema with your friends. 2. They go to bed very early. 3. They had
finished work by 5 o’clock. 4. She will be studying at this time tomorrow. 5. There was an old
bridge here. 6. He came home very late. 7. She understands Spanish a little. 8. They have a
three-room flat. 9. He has been to the USA lately. 10. They are going to build a new house.
11. Your son likes music. 12. We are going to the theatre today. 13. There will be a lot of
people at the lecture today. 14. We studied at college together. 15. His friends liked the film
very much.
4. Form disjunctive questions:
1. They will return in a month. 2. I am late. 3. There is a theatre in the centre of the city. 4.
She has never been to the zoo. 5. I am right. 6. Peter and Ann know English well. 7. He didn’t
do his homework. 8. Let’s go to the country. 9. Open the window. 10. There were no mistakes
in his dictation. 11. She won’t be playing the piano at twelve. 12. They can’t speak German at
all. 13. She knows him.
1. There aren’t any apples left, are they? 2. He is sure to come, doesn’t he? 3. Let’s come a bit
earlier to have better seats, don’t we? 4. It isn’t raining now, is it? 5. You and I talked to him
last week, didn’t you ? 6. He won’t be leaving tomorrow, will he? 7. She has never been
afraid of anything, hasn’t she? 8. They have got two children, do they? 9. The boys don’t have
classes today, do they? 10. I am to blame, aren’t I? 11. We like to swim in the swimming-
pool, do we? 12. Nobody has come yet, haven’t they? 13. Please, turn off the light, don’t you?
14. He has never come back, hasn’t he?
1. My working day lasts eight hours. (2) 2. They discussed a lot of articles on economics
last weekend. (6) 3. I have read this book in the original. (3) 4. They were watching TV
when I came. (4) 5. I was absent because I was ill. (2) 6. It took me two hours to get there.
(2) 7. They are going to travel by car. (3) 8. I always speak English to him. (3) 9. She will
do the work in two days’ time. (3) 10. I taught him to swim. (3)
1. How often you have your English classes? 2. What you do at English lessons? 3. What you
prepared for your lesson? 4. Who were absent at the previous lesson? 5. How many points
you got for your exam? 6. Who do you usually go home with? 7. What countries the USA
borders upon? 8. When did the meeting take place? 9. Who knows this district well? 10. Who
did phone yesterday? 11. How long you have been studying English?