. TC\~ 6 k~ ~(e<J.. 'I~t'I v/ f-t'N\. ~ ~ {b {;lOlo dA.

Me~«t pevaV\(Q~~V\ TYC(~~c..~ r~cltk.., V6C+~(h-'M'f\1

6/18/2010
~f7M d.; \-\b-k-C V~c.VI I ~~(c ~~v
(.1..0 - 1..~S(..(~ ')-Ol ~ )

Globalscenarioi~$
~'Gational educatief
i;;~i"-: .,,-.'--S"'~~~-

COMPARISON MALAYSIA-FINLAND

~~4j~~~~~I~~~~~2;.~~~:;?~~:&;~~
{:;7~{f~~i~; FINLAND

rtu~entl
A e
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

DR. rvl0HD SAFARIN mN NORDiF-i 1

Ketua Jabatan
Pendidikai. Teknikal dan Kejuruteraan
Fakulti Pendidikan
81310, UTM, Skudai
Johor Darul Takzim
 6/18/2010

e,tmWitrMijtt·nljliltGI

r DOCTORAL DEGREES
. Licentiate degrees

lI
POlY'IECHNIC MASTER'S
:f MAS'I£R'S DEGREES DEGREES

7
BACHELOR'S DEGREES
Universities
-- • I'OLVTECHNIC BACHELOR'S
DEGREES
~ Polytechnics

••
expfrience----.. ' .• ,.
wo~ \. .'" . ,.
_\. +

17 .. .. '.,

...
I.' ,
~
'

... -
& - • •

.... • ••
.

~
.l

001
Duratico ln
Pre-primary education. 6 year otd5 . .

}'tals

3 I Tuition Classes No

it[1~~)tI~~.wirqq~r1~~t~PQ){·.:,;V,
.' ,':rea~~eF;~eternj,ipeth~~:17ar(1lq~T~~!~d~!'7:5?0

5 I 240 schooling days 190

6 Term system Semester system

7 Teacher hired by MOE Teacher hired by municipality

8 Summative test Formative test

9 Subject mark in 100% Grading 4-10

10 Continuos timetable Flexible

11 Paid meal Free meals

12 Paid transport Free transport

13 7 days CPD 3 days (free and arranged by municipakity)

2
 6/18/2010

Comprehensive Education (9 years)

• Bahasa ibunda (Finnish atau • matematik,

Swedish) dan literature, • fizik,
• bahasa kedua, • kimia,
• bahasa asing, • biologi,

• pengajian environmen, -. geografi,

• pendidikan kesihatan, • pendidikan jasmani,

• agama atau moral, • music,

• sejarah, • visual art,
• pengajian sosial, • kraf
• home economics dan
• kaunseling.

General Upper Secondary Education (3 years)

• Bahasa ibunda (Finnish atau • matematik,

Swedish) dan literature, _. falsafah

• bahasa kedua, • psikologi

• bahasa asing, • kajian sosfal
• environment dan sains • seni
• pendidikan kesihatan, • pendidikan jasmani,
• agama atau moral,
• sejarah,

Grading System

TAHAP SUBJECTKNOWLEDGE LEARNING SKILLS INTEREST/ENTHUSIASM

10 Excellent and wide Is able to work independently for Enthusiastic

Excellent knowledge of the subject long period. Is able to work as a Uses own initiatives
member of a group. Is able to Willing to learn
find and apply information

9 Has learnt the subject Works regularly and has goals. Diligent.

Commendable matter Works accurately. Is capable of Interested

independent work

8 Masters the central Works hard and fairly regularly Has goals.

Good questions of the subject Hard working

7 Know the basic questions of Often demands additional Few goals.

Good the subject guidance. Work is often deficient Interest varies

6 Has a grasp of small areas of Needs constant guidance from Interest is minor.

Satisfactory the subject the teacher. Minor achievements Goals are lacking

5 Subject knowledge is weak Working is mechanical. Brings Takes part in lesson.

Pass along study material Disinterested

4 Does not have a grasp of the Working is passive. No Negative.

Fail basic questions of any area achievements Significant amount of

of the subject. Does not absence
accept offered support
measures

3
 6/18/2010

"i§9~
18 I No. of schools I Comprehensive schools 3,953
General upper secondary school 441

VOCTECH EDUCATION

Available at 70 SMVrr Available at 177 vocational Colleges

2 Two-year program (voc 45%) Three year program (voc 75%)

3 NoOJT Include OJT every year (Total 20 credit)

4 Preparation for further study Preparation for job market and further study
later
5 I SPM qualification I Job specific qualification (industry
recognized)
6 I Enrolment 10% I 41% enrolment (statistic 2007)

No. . Malaysia Finland

7 I Only 21 vocational courses 53 courses
Fields Fields
1. Civil Engineering (1) 1. Natural resources (5) /
2. Mechanical Engineering(4) 2. Technology and Transport (26) ~:
3. Electrical& Electronic (1) 3. Business & Administration (1)
4. Home Economics(6) 4. Tourism, Catering, Home Economics(5)
5. Agriculture(4) 5. Health and Social Sciences(6)
6. Computer and Multimedia(3) 6. Culture(6)
7. Business(2) 7. Humanistic and Educational(3)
8. Natural Sciences (1)
.Oualificati oAofteach·ers··L ....,.':n'ihQ"nl'i;.",moi\t.,<.,{f"N·;.:';~.,:·~r:·' ',',,"

. ,,)J?;tA( o;G~~i~Jlii!~;ii :,'J');\[~}~f~It!9!~lrE:~~;~~~~1"

..
9 I National school uniform I College requirement
:10 I Course structure .(vocation~I>';~ ~yoC.ationalstudjes: ..90 credit (75%) -,
Core curriG~lum·~t:perioq'.,'· 1~:}'~ih9!U~~~P~'F:";'" .'::' .. .
Vocational .. ' ~O(45%yg?!(~9.b!~9.t;,:.·:, 20 C[ed!t
Total 51 period :. .F~ee;fhpIC~~~U?J;c;;.10c;,re9\~
.Tot;:ib" ' .120 credit

4
 6/18/2010

No. Malaysia Finland

11 I Independent expert body 1. National Education and Training
None Committee
2. National Co-ordination Group for
Education and Training

13 No. of institutions Vocational colleges 177

Polytechnics 31
Universities 20
Population 5.2 millions

5
 6/18/2010

Tourism, Catering and Home

Economics Department
1. Vocational Qualification in Catering
Study Programme in Catering and Customer Services
Service Organiser

2. Vocational Qualification in Hotel and Restaurant Services

Study Programme in Restaurant Meal Production
Restaurant Cook

3. Vocational Qualification in Hotel and Restaurant Services, English teaching

Study Programme in Restaurant Meal Production
Restaurant Cook

4. Vocational Qualification in Food Production

Study Programme in Baking
Baker-confectioner

5. Vocational Qualification in the Tourism Industry

Study Programme in Tourism Sales and Information Services
Travel Counsellor

Technical Department
1. Vocational Qualification in Metalwork and Machinery
Study Programme in Manufacturing Technology
Machinist or Plater-welder ,

2. Vocational Qualification in Building Maintenance Technology

Study Programme in Heating, Plumbing and Ventilation
Heating, Plumbing and Ventilation Fitter

3. Vocational Qualification in Electrical Engineering

Study Programme in Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology
Electrician

4. Vocational Qualification in Construction

Study Programme in Construction
Builder

5. Vocational Qualification in Safety and Security

Study Programme in Safety and Security
Security Officer

6
 6/18/2010

Culture Department
1. Vocational Qualification in Crafts and Design
Study Programme in Handicraft Design and Production
Study Programme in Textiles and Clothing Design and Production
Study Programme in Environmental Design and Construction
Artisan

2. Vocational Qualification in Visual Expression

Study Programme in Visual Expression

3. Vocational Qualification in Hairdressing

Study Programme in Hairdressing
Hairdresser

Transport Department
1. Vocational Qualification in Vehicle Technology
Study Programme in Vehicle Body Repairs
Vehicle Body Repairer
Study Programme in Vehicle Technology
Vehicle Mechanic

2. Vocational Qualification in Aircraft Maintenance

Study Programme in Aircraft Maintenance
Aircraft Maintenance Technician

3. Vocational Qualification in Logistics

Study Programme in Transportation Services
Driver
Study Programme in Storage Services, special education and training
Warehouse Operator

7
 6/18/2010

Electrical Engineering
Department
1. Vocational Qualification in Electrical Engineering
Study Programme in Automation Technology and Maintenance
Automation Assembler
Study Programme in Electronics and Telecommunications Technology
Electronics Assembler
Study Programme in Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology.
Electrician

2. Vocational Qualification in Metalwork and Machinery

Study Programme in Manufacturing Technology
Precision Mechanic

Health and Social Services

Department
·1. Vocational Qualification in Social and Health Care
Study Programme in Children's and Youth Care and Education
Study Programme in Mental Health and Drug Abuse Welfare Work
Study Programme in Nursing and Care
Study Programme in Care for the Disabled
Study Programme in Care for the Elderly
Practical Nurse

2. Preparatory and rehabilitative education

and guidance

8
 6/18/2010

Sistem semester lebih mudah dipraktikkan jika dimansuhkan UPSR dan

PMR
~~~4~!t~~~fn~Y~~mp!~t~la~fh~:l~lmgr~~r.~]!fiTi~~%~~i~~t~"
5 Pentaksiran yang berbeza bagi pendidikan vokasional. Suatu badan
pakar dibentuk untuk tujuan pensijilan vokasional
6 I Bidang(skop) pendidikan vokasional diperluaskan yang meliputi sukan,
kesihatan, seni, culture, sumber asli, dll
7 I Decentralization kepada PPD dicadangkan secara terkawal

8 I Penggunaan buku teks dikaji semula

9 I Penjenamaan SMV kepada Kolej Pendidikan Profesional dan SMT

kepada Kolej Pendidikan Teknikal
10 I Program attachment guru akademik dan guru vokasional di Finland
untuk jangka masa 2 bulan

COMPARISON MALAYSIA-INDONESIA

?E·~::~~~:~~~i;~;t;xti~s~i~:;':
_.-~-,-
..:; INDONESIA

9
 II

6/18/2010

Ciri voctech Indonesia

6 I Other features 1.Concept of Teachinq Factory: School as

factory producing commercial products
2. Machine Building: School manufacture
industrial CNC machine
3.School have permanent production employee
4. All SMKa are day schools
5. Education is not free

Concept of Teaching Factory

Products by the school

Products
ready for delivery

10
 6/18/2010

COMPARISON MALAYSIA-THAILAND

~.~\.:~~
~~~~!:~-:~~~f:~~il~V~j(~j,
__
~!·r~~
, '-~,"':~ THAILAND

Ft~enj
A e
19
18
17
16
15
14
13 .
12 !

11
10
9
8
7
6
5

Ciri voctech Thailand

11
 6/18/2010

COMPARISON MALAYSIA-KOREA

1>1' :~':;~~~~~(>~J~Y)Y;:t~l~\~t{~<
~-;.:_
. ' _.',"~-~.~
~ KOREA

-. --.-.,-,- . ",.. ---" .

cirt. vocfech Korea

-- - .-.. _'- -

12
 6118/2010

COMPARISON MALAYSIA-FRANCE

FRANCE

rtu~eni
A e
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

( Ciri voctech France.

13
 6/18/2010

COMPARISON MALAYSIA - SINGAPORE

~.' :.~~':'~: 4:~;~~:~J4~:V'~~i~\-

~,,~,.~.. : SINGAPORE

rtu~eni
A e
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

Ciri voctech Singapore

Other features 1. Technical education means vocational

education. Vocational is considered "poison"
2. Low achiever is referred to as "experiential
learners"
3. ITE is a world class institution for technician
level.
"'-'~.'"

14
 6/18/2010

COMPARISON MALAYSIA-AUSTRALIA

4" ,,;", ._~, .~~~!i~'r!://~~l~~,

'_''-.-:' " AUSTRALIA

rstUdeOtl
~
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

Ciri vocte<:h.Austraiia
- '.' ~,:",-,--, __ •• - •• -,,' T __ .••.••••.•. , •• _ .. '"' •••. ~_ .•

6 I Special features Unified vocational education system (AQTF)

Traineeship program
Apprenticeship program
School enterprise
"Auspicing" concept
Competencies developed by trade council
Thorough auditing system and processes
.."~7 ,~'AcadeniiC-sysiem 'I :Diyerse_~~Y~t.e~ll"accor,~[n~·!b-;ta.te--,

15
 6/18/2010

TRANSFORMATION OF MALAYSIA VOCTECH

~~L ~ ~it4~~~~
~'I~~:I:-:-~;: ~~t~1r~
~.~ -' --_:~ Future

f,~en1
A e
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

16
F1NNISH NATIONAL
BOA.RD OF EiDUCATIQN

General Objectives of Vocational

Education and Training

• knowledge and skills necessary for vocational

competence and (selt-jemployment
.~ _=_.~"::> -.- -~ .~ 7:>

• support for personal growth and citizenship

• k~-ledge and skills needed in further studies
affdin life-long ~ng

For education and learning

FINNISH NATIONAL
BOARD OF EiDUCATION

ole of the FNBE in VET

• decides on the learning outcomes of the studies and

their assessment and determines some other provisions
for VET in the qualification-specific national
requirements
• evaluates nationally learning outcomes
• supports and develops nationally important aims in
close co-operation with the providers

For edu(;otioln and learning

FINNISH NATIONAL
BOARD OF EIDUCATION

Finnish Education System

9 (10)

*) Also provided in the form of apprenticeship training

For education and learning

V
., FINNISH
BOARD
NATIONAL
OF EIDUCATION

Three types of competence-based

qualifications
Vocational qualifications indicate competence to enter
employment in the field ..
Further vocational qualifications indicate the
vocational skills required of skilled worker in the field.
Specialist vocational qualifications indicate a
command of the most demanding tasks in the field.

For educgtion and learning

 FINNISH NATIONAL
BOARD OF EIDUCATION
~

COMPETENCE·BASED QUALIFICATIONS
Number of titles of qualifications (2008)
Sectors
' ,
Ii' .t:: I i ,I ;':!' l

Total
Natural Resources Sector 45
Technology and Transport Sector 171
Business and Administration Sector· 22
Tourism, Catering and Home
23
Economics Sector
Health and Social Services Sector ,
1~~~ik~~YIf,!qjtl6'~!fft~~eJ"~~IiII!II1li.l\a'·"
'f;l"'''''''' 32
'"'
-
I Leisure and Physical Education '
tt~
_~J;t1J._~jj,~.~;W~1 'l~~L
.• ,...lh~W '~'~~~\~~P~f
;~.~).tJ~!o'f~~)~"'_'k*' _.~ - 'j.

Culture Sector ;w~ii~~~i~r~~~_J" 58

Humanistic and Educational Sector

Natural Sciences Sector

lilll~I'~'llll.;:
(j~i~~!'~~~~\it~~§~~!~
,
6

;<~~~~~,,~~1'i~~~f~~
~~~t.1f~il;~~\~f~~i~~~·
.~~~ ~~\~. ~~
3
;:~P.'~-'~P:;i!ot~~:';-lm~,t~f~,ii~1~~ff~
i;;:;~l~T}~~~.tt_ ~.

TOTAL

For education and learning

A
V flNNISH
BOARD
"AlIONAl
OF EIDUCATION

Employability by Sectors in 2005·2020

o metal industry
o transportation
o safety (defense,
rescue, police,
security)

For educgti·on and learnin"

•
 FINNISH NATIONAL
BOARD OF EiDUCATIQN
~
Design, assessment, validation and recognition of competences I
learning outcomes in Finland

• National qualification requirements defined by the FNBE

• Qualifications divided into units
• Units composed on basis of functions in working life.
• Preparation of VQs done in tripartite expert groups.

• Skills demonstrations or competence-based examinations

• Assessment of all units based on qualitative criteria and achieved learning outcome.
• Assessors: on-the-job-instructors, teachers and student's self assessment.
• Assessment criteria of each unit at three levels.

• Recognition of prior learning is regulated by VET Act and Degree since.2006

• Recognition is based on learning outcomes - not on learning time.
• VET provider decides on the recognition of (prior) learning - competent institutions!
• Theory and practice (KSC) are expressed, studied and assessed together within the
same unit and there is a common (one) mark in the certificate.

For educatio:n and learning

FINNISH MATIONAl
BOA.RD OF EIDUCATIOM

National Requirements (3 yearsl

120 credits) for each vocational qualification
at upper secondary level (2008)
 FINNISH NATIONAL
BOARD OF EIDUCATION

Finnish NQF levels

NQF Qualifications
i"level, ,
, t' ;" 1\ 'r : c » ,I: ~!.
0 \' , ~~~: ~- . --":-: . . -:: - - \ ,~ ,,:-~:
~ • f - - . \. '. l" "; . ..,..~ -~~:.
;.;·R~~'""~
;>":-,:-.:N.'£ '-" ;'":-~.~·,;:':,,s~
;"_fc..-,~:::·~t:·
~t,t-';O::,,::-.::: rt.z..;j'·"t~::··'j~~·7':~Q~:w~?r;~?S:{;J~~%:'f~~~.lRf~~~~:?:V·~~"fm.~J.r~!E.~~~~rr._r--:=~~~~~:~~!.~""·:~~~·~Y-4~.~i'<~"'h·~,.';~e -".# ~. -: ~.",

Level 3 ~ Completion of Basic'Educatiorrsyllabils" "',, :, '.", ' " ,... .

Level 4 Matriculation examination, completion of upper secondary syllabus

Vocational upper secondary qualifications
Further Vocational Qualifications
Qualifications from other administrative sectors corresponding to requirements of
vocational upper secondary or further vocational qualifications

. ": .;. ..;-, :'. ~~~\1:-:-.' '"'.'..'.. .~_.~"_;:";~c~':-~~~.;~;i'~ ~("';:·:~~-":':1~~·~~~7-::"-:<~

:::~;; ::·~"'.;-;f~:·~-~~~ ;:::-';Lff~
~~~.·::d·~·_~<~.::;· :~;'~::.j- . -':-, ~

Level 5 Specialist Vocational qualifioatiohs ",' " .. ,,'., ,.,

Qualifications from other administrative sectors corresponding to requirements of
specialist vocational qualifications

Level 6 University and polytechnic Bachelor's Degrees

Level?

Level 8 ~ Scientific and artistic post-graduate degrees, such as licentiate and doctoral
degrees

For edu<:ction ancllearnins