2nd NGN Workshop

QoS enforcement within the EPS

considering the macro mobility
protocols

S. Frei, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom, sandra.frei@plymouth.ac.uk

W. Fuhrmann, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Germany, w.fuhrmann@fbi.h-da.de
A. Rinkel, University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil, Switzerland, arinkel@hsr.ch
B. Ghita, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom, bogdan.ghita@plymouth.ac.uk
 Content
• EPS QoS
• QoS enforcement with GTP based S5/S8
interface
• QoS enforcement with PMIP based S5/S8
interface
• Conclusion
 EPS QoS
• QCI (QoS Class Identifier)
– QCI values describe QoS characteristics like the forwarding
treatment of traffic.
All EPS bearer

– QCIs are classified into two main groups:

• GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate) bearer
• Non-GBR bearer
• ARP (Allocation and retention priority)
– Decide which bearer should be rejected during congestion. E.g.
Handover situation
– Decide whether a bearer establishment or modification request
is accepted or rejected.
• GBR (guaranteed bit rate)/MBR (maximum bit rate)
bearer bearer
non-GBR GBR

– All guaranteed bit rate bearer have a GBR and a MBR value
associated.
– These values can be observed through admission control
• AMBR (Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate)
– Upper bit rate limit of non-GBR bearers
– Used to protect the GBR bearers
 EPS QoS
QCI Resource Priority Packet Delay Packet Error Example Services
Type Budget Loss Rate

1 2 100 ms 10-2 Conversational Voice

2 4 150 ms 10-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)

GBR
3 3 50 ms 10-3 Real Time Gaming

4 5 300 ms 10-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)

5 1 100 ms 10-6 IMS Signalling

6 Video (Buffered Streaming)

6 300 ms 10-6 TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing,
progressive video, etc.)
7 Non-GBR Voice,
7 100 ms 10-3 Video (Live Streaming)
Interactive Gaming
8
8 Video (Buffered Streaming)
300 ms 10-6 TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
9 9 sharing, progressive video, etc.)

3GPP TS 23.203: Standardized QCI characteristics

 QoS enforcement with GTP based
S5/S8 interface

The QCI values can be mapped towards the DSCP values in the PDN
GW and in the eNodeB through a static, operator defined mapping.
The PCC Rules are provided from the PCRF (Policy Control and
Charging Rules Function) to the PDN GW containing the TFTs and
QCI among other parameters.
 QoS enforcement with PMIP based
S5/S8 interface

The QCI values can be mapped towards the DSCP values in the PGW,
the eNodeB and the SGW through a static, operator defined
mapping.
Additionally the QoS Rules, which are a subset of the PCC Rules are
provided from the PCRF (Policy Control and Charging Rules
Function) to the SGW containing the TFTs and QCI among other
parameters.
 Conclusion
• The EPS QoS concept was shown in general
• and the possible QoS enforcement with DiffServ for the two
macro mobility protocols.
Beside the place, where the mapping from QCI to DSCP values
takes place, there is no difference in the enforcement of the
QoS with the two mobility protocols.
• But: GTP is not only a mobility protocol like PMIP is. It
supports also QoS signalling.
– With PMIP the QoS Rules have to be additionally provided to the
SGW and not only to the PDN GW. With PMIP this overhead of
signalling is 11 times higher than with GTP.