1/IA 18/VIIIA

1 2.20 1

Periodic Table of Elements

Activity
H He Series
-1,1 0
1.0079 4.002602
hydrogen 2/IIA Atomic number Electronegativity 13/IIIB 14/IVB 15/VB 16VIB 17/VIIB helium Li
3 0.98 4 1.57 12 2.55 5 2.04 6 2.55 7 3.04 8 3.44 9 3.98 10
Rb
Li Be C B C N O F Ne
1 2 –4,2,4 oxidation states 3 –4,2 ,4
–3, –2, –1,2,3,4,5
–2 ,–1 –1 0 K
(6.941) 9.012182
Mass Number 12.0107 (Bold most stable) 10.811 12.0107 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984032 20.1797
lithium Beryllium carbon boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
Ba
11 0.93 12 1.31 13 1.61 14 1.90 15 2.19 16 2.58 17 3.16 19

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Ca
1
22.98976928
2
24.3050 9
3
26.9815386
2,4
28.0855
3,5
30.973762
–2,4,6
32.065
–1,1,3,5,7
35.453
0
39.948 Na
sodium Magnesium 3/IIIA 4/IVA 5/VA 6/VIA 7/VIIA 8 VIIIA 10 11/IB 12/IIB aluminum silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
19 0.82 20 1.00 21 1.36 22 1.54 23 1.63 24 1.66 25 1.55 26 1.83 27 1.86 28 1.91 29 1.9 30 2.2 31 1.81 32 2.01 33 2.18 34 2.55 35 2.96 36 Mg
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Al
1 2 3 2,3,4 2,3,4,5 2,3,6 2,3,4,7 2,3,6 2,3 2,3 1,2 2 3 2,4 –3,3,5 –2,4,6 –1,1,3,5,7 0
39.0983
potassium
40.078
calcium
44.95591
scandium
47.867
titanium
50.9415
vanadium
51.9961
chromium
54.938045
manganese
55.845
iron
58.933195 58.6934
cobalt nickel
63.546
copper
65.409
zinc
69.723
gallium
72.64
germanium
74.92160
arsenic
78.96
selenium
79.904
bromine
83.798
krypton
Mn
37 0.82 38 0.95 39 1.22 40 1.33 41 1.6 42 2.16 43 1.9 44 2.2 45 2.28 46 2.20 47 1.93 48 49 1.78 50 1.96 51 2.05 52 53 54
2.2 2.1 2.66 2.60
Zn
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cr
1 2 3 4 3,5 2,3,4,5,6 7 2,3,4 2,3,4 2,3,4 1 2 3 2,4 –3,3,5 –2,4,6 –1,1,5,7 0 ,2,4,6,8
85.4678 87.62 88.90585 91.224 92.90638 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.90550 106.42 107.8682 112.411 114.818 118.710 121.760 127.60 126.90447 131.293
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon Fe
55 0.79 56 0.89 57 1.1 72 1.3 73 1.5 74 1.7 75 1.9 76 2.2 77 2.2 78 2.2 79 2.4 80 2.2 81 1.8 82 1.8 83 1.9 84 2.0 85 2.2 86
Co
Cs Ba La★ Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
1 2 3 4 5 2,3,4,5,6 4,6,7 3,4,6,8 3,4 2,3,4 1,3 1,2 1,3 2,4 3,5 2,4,6 –1,1,3,5,7 0,2 Ni
132.90545 137.327 138.9055 178.49 180.94788 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.217 195.084 196.966569 200.59 204.3833 207.2 208.98040 (209) (210) (222)

87
cesium barium
0.7 88
lanthanum
0.9 89
hafnium
1.1 104
tantalum
105
tungsten
106
rhenium
107
osmium
108
iridium
109
platinum
110 111
gold mercury
112 113
thallium
114
lead bismuth
115
polonium
116
astatine
117 118
radon
Sn

Fr Ra Ac★★ Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo Pb

1 2 3
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (266) (264) (277) (268) (269) (272) (285) (284) (289) (288) (289) (294) H
francium radium actinium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium ununbium ununtrium ununquadium ununpentium ununhexium ununseptium ununoctium

58 1.12 59 1.13 60 1.14 61 62 1.17 63 64 1.2 65 66 1.22 67 1.23 68 1.24 69 1.25 70 71 1.0 Cu
★
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Ag
3,4 3,4 3 3 2,3 2,3 3 3,4 3 3 3 2,3 2,3 3
Black Solid
Red Gas
140.115 140.90765
cerium praseodymium
144.24
neodymium promethium
(145)
samarium
150.36
europium
151.965 157.25
gadolinium
158.92534
terbium
162.50
dysprosium
164.93032
holmium
167.26
erbium
168.93421
thulium
173.04
ytterbium
174.967
lutetium
Hg
Blue Liquid 90 1.3 91 1.5 92 1.7 93 1.3 94 1.3 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
★★ Pt
Outline Synthetically
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Au
4 4,5 2,3,4,5,6 3,4,5,6 3,4,5,6 2,3 ,4,5,6 3 3,4 3,4 3 3 2,3 2,3 3
Prepared 232.03806 231.03588 238.02891 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium ferium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium

 
 insoluble
 
o However, some are soluble
 
  •
 
Determining a solubility is not so simple to identify
 
Solubility Guidelines
 
Soluble Salts
name: date:

1. The Na+, K+, and NH4+ ions form soluble salts. Thus, NaCl, KNO3, (NH4)2SO4, Na2S, and Table of Solubilities
(NH4)2CO3 are soluble.

Phosphate
Hydroxide
Carbonate
2. The nitrate (NO3-) ion forms soluble salts. Thus, Cu(NO3)2 and Fe(NO3)3 are soluble.

Chloride

Chlorate
Bromide
Acetate

Sulfide
Sulfate
Nitrate
Iodide

Oxide
3. The chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), and iodide (I-) ions generally form soluble salts. Exceptions
to this rule include salts of the Pb2+, Hg22+, Ag+, and Cu+ ions. ZnCl2 is soluble, but CuBr is not.
Aluminum s s n s s i s s i i s d
4. The sulfate (SO42-) ion generally forms soluble salts. Exceptions include BaSO4, SrSO4, and Ammonium s s s s s s s s n s s s
PbSO4, which are insoluble, and Ag2SO4, CaSO4, and Hg2SO4, which are slightly soluble.
Barium s s i s s s s s s i i d
Insoluble Salts Calcium s s i s i Ss s s Ss i Ss d

1. Sulfides (S2-) are usually insoluble. Exceptions include Na2S, K2S, (NH4)2S, MgS, CaS, SrS, Copper (II) s s i s s i d s i i s i
and BaS.
Iron (II) s s i s n i s s i i s i
2. Oxides (O2-)
are usually insoluble. Exceptions include Na2O, K2O, SrO, and BaO, which are Iron (III) s s n s n i s s i i Ss d
soluble, and CaO, which is slightly soluble.
Lead s Ss i Ss s i Ss s i i i i
3. Hydroxides (OH-) are usually insoluble. Exceptions include NaOH, KOH, Sr(OH)2, and
Ba(OH)2, which are soluble, and Ca(OH)2, which is slightly soluble. Magnesium s s i s s i s s i i s d

Mercury (I) Ss i i i s n i s i i d i
4. Chromates (CrO42-) are usually insoluble. Exceptions include Na2CrO4, K2CrO4, (NH4)2CrO4,
and MgCrO4. Mercury (II) s Ss i s Ss i i s i i d i

5. Phosphates (PO43-) and carbonates (CO32-) are usually insoluble. Exceptions include salts of Potassium s s s s s s s s s s s s
the Na+, K+, and NH4+ ions.
Silver Ss i i i Ss n i s i i Ss i

Sodium s s s s s s s s s s s s

Zinc s s i s s i s s i i s i

• i = insoluble; Ss = slightly soluble; s = soluble; d = decomposes; n – not isolated

• Not isolated means that the combination indicated has not been found to exist
 

FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL

Chemistry Unit 3 – Solutions & Solubility – Science Department
20
 
 

FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL

Chemistry Unit 3 – Solutions & Solubility – Science Department