11.

4. Let us consider
»8 » b
dx  lim
7 7
dx
0 x 100 bÑ8 0 x 100

 blim
Ñ8
7 lnpx  blim
Ñ8
100qsb0
p7 lnpb 100q
7 lnp100qq
which diverges, since limxÑ8 ln x  8. So the series
8̧ 7
k0
k 100

also diverges.

6. Let us consider
»8 » b
?1 dx  lim
Ñ8
?1 dx.
2 x ln x b 2 x ln x
We do the appropriate u-sub

u  ln x,

and the last expression becomes

» ln b ? b  lim p2?ln b
2?ln 2q
b
lim
Ñ8
?1u du  blim
Ñ8
2 u sln
ln 2
bÑ8
ln 2

which diverges as in number 4. So the series diverges as well.

16. First note that

8̧ 8̧ 8̧ 8̧
pk 2
k 1
1q2
 pp
k 1
1q2 q2
 p
k 1
1q4
 pk
1
1q3
.
k2 k2 k 2 k2
2k k k

We now apply the integral test to the

final series.
8 » » b
dx  lim
1 1
2 px 1q3 px 1q3
dx
bÑ8 2

 blim
1 sb  lim
1 1
 181 ,
Ñ8 2px 1q2 2 bÑ8 2pb 1q2 2p3q2
so the integral converges, and so the series does too.

18. First let’s show that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.
The function ex2 is clearly positive for x ¥ 1. Note that if 0   a   b, 1b   a1
1{x

1
and so e b   e a . Also the denominator is increasing, so the whole function is
1 1

decreasing. Also it is continuous. So we can use the integral test to find out
whether or not
8̧ e1{k
k1
k2
converges.
»8 e { 1 x » b
e1{x
dx  lim dx.
1 x2 b Ñ8 1 x2
We do the u-sub
u  1{x,
and the integral becomes
» {
1 b

b
lim
Ñ8

eu du  blim
Ñ8

e1{b e1 .
1

But as b goes to infinity, 1{b goes to 0, and so e1{b goes to e0  1. So the entire
limit exists and equals e
1. So the improper integral converges, and so the
corresponding series does too.
? ? ?
22. For positive k, k 2  k. Also k 2
1   k 2  k. So k1   ?k12
1 , and
8 ° 8
by the comparison test, since k1 k1 diverges, so does k1 ?k12
1 .
°
24. For positive k, 3k   k3k , and so k31k   31k . But k1 31k converges,
°8
8
being a geometric series with |r|   1. So by the comparison test, k1 k31k
°
converges too.

26. For any positive k, p3{4qk p5{4qk ¡ p5{4qk , so p3{4qk 1 p5{4qk   p5{14qk .
° 8 °8
But k0 p5{14qk  k0 p4{5qk , which converges, because it is a geometric series
with common ratio smaller than one. So this series converges, and so by the
comparison test the original series must converge as well.

11.5

2. f pxq  lnp1
3xq, and after taking a few derivatives we see that for n ¥ 1,

f n pxq 

pn
1q!p3n q .
p1
3xqn
Plugging in to the definition of the Taylor series and using that f p0q  0 which
gets rid of the zeroth term, we get that the Taylor series at x  0 of f is
8̧
pn
1q!p3qn xn  8̧
p3qn xn .
n1
p1qn n! n 1
n

2
 3. Going through the steps we end up with
13 3 135 4
x
2 x
4
1 1
x2
2  2! 23  3! 2  4!
1 x ....
2
Note that this can be written as

1
8̧ p
1qpn 1q p2pn
1q
1q! xn ,
2n  n!  pn
2q!2pn
2q
1 x
n2
2

or in other ways.

8. Starting with the Taylor series expansion for 1
1 x at 0, we first replace x
with
px2 q, and then multiply each term by x, to get:

1
x
x2
 x
x3 x5
x7 x9
. . .

12. Starting with the Taylor series expansion for ex at 0, we first replace x
with x2 then multiply each term by x3 to get:

x3 ep x q  x3
2 x7 x9
x5 ...
2! 3!

20. Starting with the Taylor series expansion at 0 for sinpxq, we first replace
x with x2 then multiple each term by x to get:

x7 x11 15
x19
x sinpx2 q  x3

x7!
...
3! 5! 9!