kampoeng.

net : Internet Service System based on

Delay Tolerant Network by Utilizing Train
as a Router
Ari Rinaldi Sumarmo

Sekolah Teknik Elektro & Informatika, Institut Teknologi Bandung

STEI-ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

rinaldi.sumarmo@gmail.com

Abstract— kampoeng.net is an internet service system based on
DTN, built by utilizing railway public transportation system or
train as a router and wi-fi as an intermediate network. DTN2 is
used as a software for data transmission using DTN protocol.
The primary services which will be provided for the users are
delivering information from various news sites at the internet or
news portal and email services.
Keywords— Internet, DTN, email, news portal, train, wi-fi
By the use of DTN, a data transmission can be done without
having a direct end-to-end connection between source and
destination.
Store-and-forward method is an old concept similar to a
method used in postal services. By using store-and-forward
method, whole messages are moved from one node to another
until the messages reach its destination. Store-and-forward
mechanism is illustrated in Fig. 1.

I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the internet is one of the most popular media for
users to search and exchange information between them.
Internet can provide many information and services which can
be easily accessed by users.
But some users still haven’t got a change to take benefit
from Internet services, such as the users at remote village area.
Villages’ geographical conditions, installation costs, and
subscriber fees sometimes becoming a constraint in building
an Internet infrastructure at a remote village areas. Satellite
communication can be an option for its wide coverage which
capable of reaching out to a remote area, but its operational
cost and subscribing fees are relatively expensive.
A research is conducted to find a solution for solving the
geographical condition and cost problems, by developing a
system using a new approach which is by building an internet
services system based on Delay Tolerant Network.
II. DELAY TOLERANT NETWORK (DTN)
Delay Tolerant Network is a network architecture designed
to provide communication in and/or through highly stressed
networking environments. Stressed networking environments
include those with intermittent connectivity, large and/or
variable delays, and high bit error rate[9]. DTN implementing a
method called store-and-forward packet switching, which is a
data transmission is done by moving the whole data packet
from one node to another until the data reach its destination.
Fig. 1 store-and-forward mechanism [1].
Messages in DTN is called a bundle. Node in DTN can be
a host or a router. A Host is a node which is capable of
sending and receiving bundles but not to forward them. A
router is a node which is capable of forwarding bundles from
a host to another or from a source to the destination.
A DTN node must have a kind of storages media, such as
hard disk, to hold the whole messages or data before it’s
moved to another node. At a DTN node storages, messages or
data can be hold for an indefinite time. The storages at DTN
node are called persistent storage. DTN routers need
persistent storage for one or more following reasons.
• A communication link to the next hop may not be
available for a long time
• One node in a communicating pair may send or receive
data faster or slower than the other node.
• Once a data being transmitted, it may need to be
retransmitted if an error occurs while the data was being
transmitted to the destination or the destination declines
the forwarded data.
 III. KAMPOENG.NET
The idea is to build an Internet service system by utilizing
public transportation system as a router to connect a remote
village or rural area to internet network services through a
server in a city so the users at a remote village can take
benefits of the internet services, in this case, news portal and
email services.
kampoeng.net is built by utilizing a railway transportation
system, in this case a train, as a DTN-router and wi-fi network
as an intermediate network between DTN-router an villages.
kampoeng.net network architecture is shown in Fig. 2.
Main
Server
ISP
other DTN-based
Network
News Site
modem
• Village Server located at each village, functions as data
processing center at the villages. Village Server is
equipped with a wireless outdoor CPE set as wi-fi
access point (wi-fi AP) to connect the Village Server to
the Router Server at the train. Hub/switch and router are
used for connecting the users’ workstations to the
Village Server.
• ADSL or HSDPA connections from internet service
provider or cellular operator is used as an intermediate
network between Railway Station, Main Server, and the
internet.
• Wireless LAN or wi-fi is used as an intermediate
network between Router Server and Station Server
along with Router Server and Village Server.
• Other DTN-based network is a network which has a
ISP
similar architecture and services system as
INTERNET
other DTN-based
Network
kampoeng.net and sharing the same Main Server. A
Village located at kampoeng.net’s coverage area is
Email services named a village in the same area. A village located at
other DTN-based network is named a village in the
other area.
modem

TRAIN • Email services is a web-based email services provider,

Router
Server
such as Gmail or Yahoo Mail, or email services from an
Station Wi-f link4 Station
Server router
wi-fi
i link1
Wi-fi
wi-fi
router
Server ISP.
AP AP
TRAIN STATION
k2 Wi-
TRAIN STATION • News site is a site which providing web-based news
fi lin fi lin
k3
Wi-
wi-fi
client
services, such as www.detik.com and www.okezone.com.
Railway transportation system or train is used as the DTN-
wi-fi
AP
hub hub
wi-fi
AP
router with consideration that railway network has railroads
which its routes usually across or passing through villages
Village Village
Server router router
Server area, so there is no need to built an infrastructure specifically
VILLAGE Users at Village Users at Village VILLAGE
for providing the Internet services to the villages. Wi-fi is
used as the intermediate network for its flexible deployment
and minimal wiring problems, along with reason that there is
Fig.2 kampoeng.net network architecture.
no subscribing fees as in satellite communication or cellular
network services.
kampoeng.net network architecture consist of elements as Softwares used for building kampoent.net are as follows.
follows . • DTN2 application functions as the core software for
• Main Server, functions as data processing centre for any processing all data transmission using DTN protocol.
emails received from users at the Internet addressed to DTN2 is responsible for transmitting all the data from
users at villages, any emails sent from users at villages the source as bundles and converts the bundles back to
addressed to users at the Internet, along with any news its original form at the destination. DTN2 is also
data downloaded from various news site. Main Server responsible for managing the data transmission in
has a public IP, so it can be recognized by other accordance with connections availability. DTN2
elements at the Internet. application consist of dtn-2.6.0 and oasys-1.3.0.
• Train Station, functions as a gateway between a DTN- • Email Server Application functions to regulate the
based network and Main Server at the Internet. A train transmission and reception of emails and managing the
station is equipped with a computer server named user’s email account. Postfix is used as the Mail
Station Server along with a wireless outdoor CPE set as Transfer Agent (MTA) along with dovecot-imapd for
wi-fi access point (wi-fi AP) to connect the Station supporting the Internet Message Access Protocol
Server at the train station to the Router Server at the (IMAP). Python is used for integrating Postfix with
trains and a set of ADSL or HSDPA modem to connect DTN. For regulating transmissions and receptions
Station Server to the Main Server through the Internet. emails with DTN, some programs are specifically
• Train, functions as a DTN-router. A train is equipped designed using shellbash and AWK [2].
with a Router Server along with a wireless outdoor • News Server Application is a group of programs
CPE set as wi-fi client. Router Server is placed at the specifically designed using shellbash and PHP, for
locomotive engineers’ cabin or other location which has downloading news data from various news site at the
a power source outlet. Internet and then send the news to the users [3].
 • Email Client Application is users application for writing, DTN-based network and at the Internet will be hold by
sending, and reading emails. Mutt and Evolution are Router Server and being forwarded to the Station Server
used as Mail User Agent (MUA) for the Email Client as the train arrives at the Station
Application. 6. If the destination villages has been passed by the train
• News Client Application is users application for or do not listed in the route of the public transportation,
accessing the news services provided by kampoeng.net. the emails addressed to the Village Server will be hold
Web browser Ice Weasel is used as the News Client by Router Server and being forwarded to the Station
Application. Server as the Public Transportation arrives at the Station.
kampoeng.net’s services delivery mechanism is shown in The email will be downloaded by other Router Server at
Fig. 3. other train which has a travelling route to the
destination villages.
Main
Server
7. Station Server uploads the emails from the users at
villages addressed to other users at the other DTN-based
Other Other
DTN-based
Network 1 8
DTN-based
Network
network and at the internet, to the Main Server
1 2 7 1 8. Emails from the users at villages addressed to other
8 8
Email
Services 1 1
News
Site
users at the internet will be forwarded by the Main
8
INTERNET
8 Server to the destination email services the Internet. The
2a
7b 7a emails addressed to other user at the other DTN-based
2b
network will be hold by the Main Server until the
3a
Station
Server
Station Server from the destination DTN-based network
6b
Train
Station
downloads the emails.
3a
Station
Server 6a
Train
Station
IV. EXPERIMENT
Train
Experiment conducted by implementing kampoeng.net
Train Router Server
service system at PT Kereta Api (PT KA) Daop 2 Bandung.
Router Server 5b 4b 5b 4b
4a 5a 4a 5a
Experiment conducted to test the overall performance of the
system and analyze the possibility for implementing
Village Server Village Server
kampoeng.net services system on the actual conditions.
PT KA’s facilities and locations used for conducting the
experiment are as follows.
Village Village
• Bandung Train Station as the Train Station which has a
Fig. 3 kampoeng.net’s services delivery mechanism. direct connection to the Internet.
• Cimekar Train Station as Village_11.
• Haurpugur Train Station as Village_12.
kampoeng.net’s services delivery mechanism area as • Cicalengka Train Station as the transit station for
follows. managing emails delivery through the train station.
1. Main Server downloads recent news from various news • KRD Baraya Geulis as the DTN-router.
site at the Internet and receiving emails sent from email Devices used for conducting the experiment are as follows.
services at the Internet addressed to the users at the • Virtual Private Server (VPS) as Main Server, with
villages. public IP 110.232.72.13.
2. Station Server downloads all the new emails and news • One unit AMD Turion™ X2 Dual-Core RM-70
data stored in the Main Server, using ADSL or HSDA notebook as Station Server, with IP 192.168.10.5.
connections form the ISP or Cellular Operator. • Two unit AMD Duron 256 MB PC, each as Village_11
3. Router Server at the train, downloads the emails and Server with IP 192.168.11.5 and Village_12 Server with
news from the Station Server, addressed to the users at IP 192.168.12.5.
the villages. ®
• One unit Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T5870 notebook
4. While the train passing through the villages and within as Router Server at KRD Baraya Geulis.
range of the village’s wi-fi network, Router Server • Two sets 2,4 GHz Wireless Outdoor CPE TL-
transmit the emails, and news addressed to users at the WA5210g, each set as wi-fi access point for Village_11
Village, to the Village Server. Server at Cimekar Station and Village_12 Server at
5. While the train passing through the Village, emails from Haurpugur Station.
users at the Village are being transmitted from the • One unit 2,4 GHz Outdoor Dual Polarity CPE NS2 set
Village Server to the Router Server. Emails addressed as wi-fi client for Router Server at KRD Baraya Geulis.
to users at the same villages will be immediately • One unit 3G/HSDPA Wireless Router 2,4 GHz b/g/n
transmitted by the Router Server to the destination Fonera 2.0n along with a HSDPA modem E160E set as
Village Server as soon as the train passes the destination wi-fi access point for Station Server at Bandung Station.
villages area. Emails addressed to users at the other
 In general, the tests performed in conducting the
experiment are as follows.
• Download some news data from www.okezone.com then
sent them to the users at Village_11 and Village_12.
• Sending emails from Gmail to the users at Village_11
and Village_12
• Sending emails between Village_11 and Village_12.
• Sending email from Village_11 and Village_12 to
Gmail at the Internet.
Test scenario in conducting the experiment at PT KA
Daop 2 Bandung is shown in Fig. 4.
Main Server
110.232.72.13
1
14
15
2 Station
Gmail
INTERNET
15
1
mail.google.com
1
OkeZone
www.okezone.com
2 14
Bandung
St.
Station
Server
Cimekar St.
(Village_11)
192.168.10.5
3 4 5
13
Baraya Geulis DT
Router Server
192.168.x.5
Fig. 4 Experiment scenario at PT KA Daop 2 Bandung.
KRD Baraya Geulis which carrying Server Router will do
two routes, called Trip1 and Trip2. Trip1 route starts from
Bandung station and then passing through Cimekar and
Haurpugur Station until arriving at the Cicalengka Station.
Trip2 route starts from Cicalengka Station then passing
through the Haupugur and Cimekar Station until arriving at
the station in Bandung. Server Router is placed in locomotive
engineers’ cabin at KRD Baraya Geulis because the power
outlet facility is only available at that cabin.
Test scenario in conducting the experiment at PT KA Daop
2 Bandung are as follows.
1. Main Server downloads and saves news form
www.okezone.com as well as receives and saves emails
sent from Gmail (mail.google.com).
2. Station Server downloads the news and emails data
from the Main Server which addressed to the users at
Village_11 and Village_12.
3. Router Server downloads the news and emails data
from the Station Server which addressed to the users at
Village_11 and Village_12.
4. While KRD Baraya Geulis passing through Village_11
on Trip1 and within range of Village_11 wi-fi network,
Router Server will transmits news data and emails
addressed to the user at Village_11, to Village_11
Server.
5. While KRD Baraya Geulis passing through Village_11
on Trip1 and within range of Village_11 wi-fi network,
Village_11 Server will transmits emails from users at
Village_11 addressed to users at Village_12 and Gmail
users, to the Router Server.
6. While KRD Baraya Geulis passing through Village_12
on Trip1 and within range of Village_12 wi-fi network,
Router Server will transmits news data, emails from
Gmail users, and emails from users at Village_11, to
Village_12 Server.
7. While KRD Baraya Geulis passing through Village_12
on Trip1 and within range of Village_12 wi-fi network,
Village_12 Server will transmits emails from users at
Village_12 addressed to users at Village_11 and Gmail
users, to the Router Server.
Cicalengka
8. When Village_12 Server sent emails to Router Server
St.
9 on Trip1 which addressed to users at Village_11, the
8 train has already passed through Village_11. Those
Server
192.168.10.5
emails will be hold by the Server Router until the train
arrives at Cicalengka Station. At Cicalengka Station,
Router Server transmits the emails to Station Server
and the Station Server will forwards those emails back
Haurpugur St.
(Village_12)
10
to Router Station to be delivered to Village_11 when
7 KRD Baraya Geulis does its Trip2 route.
6
Village_11
Server
Village_12
Server 9. Station Server forwards the emails which addressed to
192.168.12.5
192.168.11.5
users at Village_11, back to Router Station to be
11 12 delivered to Village_11 when KRD Baraya Geulis does
its Trip2 route.
10.While KRD Baraya Geulis passing through Village_12
on Trip2 and within range of Village_12 wi-fi network,
Village_12 Server will transmits emails from users at
Village_12 addressed to users at Village_11 and Gmail
users, to the Router Server.
11.While KRD Baraya Geulis passing through Village_11
on Trip2 and within range of Village_11 wi-fi network,
Router Server will transmits emails addressed to user at
Village_11 which sent from Village_12 on Trip1 and
Trip2.
12.While KRD Baraya Geulis passing through Village_11
on Trip2 and within range of Village_11 wi-fi network,
Village_11 Server will transmits emails from users at
Village_11 addressed to users at Village_12 and Gmail
users, to the Router Server.
13.Router Server will forwards emails data sent from users
at Village_11 and Village_12 to the Station Server.
Station Server will sort out those emails according to
theirs destination. Emails addressed to Gmail users will
be uploaded to the Main Server. Emails sent from
Village_11 which addressed to Village_12 will be hold
by Station Server until another Router Server at
different train which will do the next route, downloads
those emails.
14.Station Server uploads emails addressed to Gmail users,
to Main Server.
15.Main Server receives the emails uploaded by Station
Server and then forwards them to Gmail.
Summary of the experiment conducted at PT KA Daop 2
Bandung are shown in Table I, Table II, and Table III.
 TABLE I 14,0000
EMAIL DELIVERY TEST RESULT 11,9447
12,0000
Total Data
Test Location Email Sent
Sent 10,0000
Cimekar Sation (Village_11)

Throughput (Mbps)
to Router Server on Trip1 300 8,20659 Mbytes 8,0000
6,5170 7,1355
to Router Server on Trip2 400 10,94284 Mbytes
6,0000
Haurpugur Station (Village_12) 4,1195 4,0399
4,0168
to Router Server on Trip1 274 7,49560 Mbytes 4,0000
2,5892
to Router Server on Trip2 274 7,49556 Mbytes
KRD Baraya Geulis (Router) 2,0000

to Cimekar Station on Trip2 246 6,73907 Mbytes

0,0000
to Haurpugur Station on Trip1 157 4,34023 Mbytes 354.942 628.492 901.821 1.176.982 1.448.102 1.722.636 1.973.615
Data Size (Bytes)

TABEL II Fig. 6 Throughput graph of Village_11 Server transmission to Router Server

TRANSMISSION TIME AND CONNECTION TIME TEST RESULT on Trip1
Connection Transmission
Test Location
Time Time
Cimekar Sation (Village_11)
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shows transmission time graph and
to Router Server on Trip1 1 minutes 52 seconds 11,7277 seconds throughput graph from one of the test result in PT KA Daop 2
to Router Server on Trip2 2 minutes 34 seconds 27,9866 seconds Bandung.
Haurpugur Station (Village_12)
to Router Server on Trip1 1 minutes 52 seconds 30,1049 seconds
to Router Server on Trip2 2 minutes 43 seconds 32,6166 seconds V. CONCLUSIONS
KRD Baraya Geulis (Router)
Emails from Gmail users and news from
to Cimekar Station on Trip2 2 minutes 44 seconds 14,3104 seconds
to Haurpugur Station on Trip1 2 minutes 2 seconds 52,0230 seconds
www.okezone.com, received and downloaded from the
Internet by the Main Server, forwarded to Station Server, then
successfully delivered to Village Server through the Router
TABLE III Server. This shows that by the use of DTN, a data
MEAN THROUGHPUT CALCULATION RESULT
transmission can be done without having a direct end-to-end
Test Location
Mean connection between source and destination.
Throughput In the experiment conducted at PT KA Daop 2 Bandung,
Cimekar Sation (Village_11) the process of sending and receiving data between modeling
to Router Server on Trip1 5,5981 Mbps
to Router Server on Trip2 3,1280 Mbps
village location, namely Cimekar Station as Village_11 and
Haurpugur Station (Village_12) Haurpugur Station as Village_12, with KRD Baraya Geulis
to Router Server on Trip1 1,9919 Mbps that serves as a DTN-router, all successfully carried out. The
to Router Server on Trip2 1,8385 Mbps process of sending and receiving emails between Village_11
KRD Baraya Geulis (Router) and Village_12, all successfully carried out, with all emails
to Cimekar Station on Trip2 3,7674 Mbps from the source are successfully received by the destination.
to Haurpugur Station on Trip1 0,6674 Mbps Emails from Gmail users and news from www.okezone.com all
successfully received by users at Village_11 and Village_12.
All emails addressed to Gmail, sent from Village_11 Server
2,500000
2,330690 and Village_12 Server, all successfully received by Gmail
2,212720
2,114650 users. This shows that DTN can be used to provide Internet
2,000000
services to a local network that does not have direct access to
Transmision Time (seconds)

1,751340
the Internet network.
1,500000
1,251720 The highest throughput is 5,5981 Mbps, obtained at data
1,096700
0,969870 transmission from Village_11 Server to Router Server on
1,000000
Trip1.
0,500000
The lowest throughput is 0,6674 Mbps, obtained at data
transmission from Router Server to Village_12 Server on
0,000000
Trip1.
354.942 628.492 901.821 1.176.982 1.448.102 1.722.636 1.973.615 The highest amount of email delivery is 400 emails with
13 23 33 43 53 63 72
Data Size (Bytes) compare to amount of Bundle
total of 10,94284 Mbytes data size in 27,9866 seconds time,
sent from Village_11 Server to Router Server on Trip2.
Fig. 5 Transmission time graph of Village_11 Server transmission to Router
Server on Trip1
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