If V, V

If V, will V
If V2, would V
If had V3, would have V3
 Условные предложения. Conditionals or Conditional Sentences

Условные предложения или придаточные предложения условия

(Conditionals) – это сложноподчиненные предложения, состоящие из главного
предложения (Main clause) и придаточного условия (if-clause), которое часто
вводится союзом if. Условные предложения в английском языке используются
для описания осуществимых или неосуществимых ситуаций и бывают четырех
типов.

Zero Conditionals (general truth) – условные предложения данного типа

всегда являются 100% истиной, они часто описывают законы природы,
общеизвестные истины/факты.
If –clause Main clause Вероятность совершения действия
Present Indefinite Present Indefinite 100%

Примеры:If temperature is zero, water freezes. – Если температура равна нулю,

вода замерзает. (100% истина)
If you heat water, it boils. – Если вы нагреете воду, она закипит. (100% истина)
First Conditionals (real possibility) – условные предложения I типа выражают
реальные, возможные ситуации в настоящем или будущем. Вероятность, что
действие произойдет, очень велика.

Вероятность совершения
If -clause Main clause
действия
Present Future Simple + infinitive
50-75%
Simple without to

Примеры:If it rains, I will not go to the park. – Если пойдет дождь, я не пойду в
парк. (я не знаю, пойдет дождь или не пойдет)
If I see Mary, I will tell her. – Если я увижу Мери, я скажу ей. (я могу ее увидеть,
а могу и не увидеть)

Second Conditionals (imagine situations) – условные предложения II типа

выражают действия, совершение которых в определенных ситуациях в
настоящем и будущем оказывается нереальным. Вероятность, что действие
произойдет, равна нулю.

If -clause Main clause Вероятность совершения действия

Past Simple would + infinitive without to 0%

Примеры:If I had a lot of money, I would travel round the world. – Если бы у
меня было много денег, я бы путешествовал по всему свету. (но у меня нет
таких денег)
If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain. – Если бы я был на твоем
месте, я бы вел машину аккуратнее во время дождя. (но я не на твоем месте)

Third Conditionals (lost chances) – условные предложения III типа выражают

воображаемые ситуации, относящиеся к прошлому. Вероятность, что действие
произойдет, равна нулю.

Вероятность совершения
If -clause Main clause
действия
Past would (could, should, might) have +
0%
Perfect past participle

Примеры:If I wouldn’t drink so much, I wouldn’t have got a fine – Если бы я не

пил так много, меня бы не оштрафовали. (утраченные возможности, я много
пил в прошлом, и поэтому меня оштрафовали);
If the weather had been nice 2 days ago, I would have gone to the beach. – Если бы
погода была хорошей 2 дня назад, я бы пошел на пляж. (но погода была плохая,
и я не пошел на пляж);
If I had gone to Egypt, I could have learned Arabic. – Если бы я поехал в Египет,
я бы мог выучить арабский язык.

Смешанные условные предложения

Смешанные условные предложения в английском языке – бывают двух

типов, чаще всего для образования смешанных условных предложений
используются условные предложения II и III типа.

1. Смешение II и III типа условных предложений.

В этом случае придаточное предложение относится к настоящему времени, а
главное предложение относится к прошлому и описывает ситуацию, которая
уже произошла.

Примеры:If I were smarter, I would have graduated from Stanford. – Если бы я

был сообразительнее, я бы закончил Стэнфорд.

2. Смешение III и II типа условных предложений.

В этом случае придаточное предложение относится к прошлому времени, а
главное предложение к настоящему.

Примеры:If my father hadn’t lost his keys, we wouldn’t have to wait until he finds
them. – Если бы мой отец не потерял ключи, нам не пришлось бы ждать, пока
он найдет их.

+
BUT FOR, I WISH, IF ONLY, IT’S TIME, AS IF/AS THOUGH
1.a. She will take care of the children for us next weekend because her business trip was canceled.
1.b. But, she (take, not) would not be taking care of the children for us next weekend if her business trip (be,
not) had not been canceled.

2.a. Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday.

2.b. But, he (come)   if you (insult)   him.

3.a. Marie is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married.
3.b. But, Marie (be)   happy if she (give, not)   up her career when she got married.

4.a. Dr. Mercer decided not to accept the research grant at Harvard because he is going to take six months off
to spend more time with his family.

4.b. But, Dr. Mercer (accept)   the research grant at Harvard if he (take, not)   
six months off to spend more time with his family.

5.a. Professor Schmitz talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an expert on African tribal
groups.

5.b. But, Professor Schmitz (talk, not)   so much about the Maasai tribe if she (be,

not)   an expert on African tribal groups.

6.a. I am unemployed because I had a disagreement with my boss and I was fired.

6.b. But, I (be, not)   unemployed if I (have, not)   a disagreement with my boss and I

(be, not)   fired.

7.a. Nicole speaks Chinese fluently because she lived in China for ten years.

7.b. But, Nicole (speak, not)   Chinese fluently if she (live, not)   in China for ten
years.

8.a. I will not help you study for your test because you have spent the last two weeks partying and wasting
time.

8.b. But, I (help)   you study for your test if you (spend, not)   the last two weeks
partying and wasting time.

9.a. Eleanor and Ben are not going skiing with us this year because Eleanor just had a baby.

9.b. But, Eleanor and Ben (go)   skiing with us this year if Eleanor (have, not,

just)   a baby.

10.a. I am completely exhausted, so I will not go with you to the movies tonight.

10.b. But, if I (be, not)   completely exhausted, I (go)   with you to the movies tonight.

11.a. She is not worried about the conference tomorrow because she is not giving a speech.

11.b. But, she (be)   worried about the conference tomorrow if she (give)   a speech.

12.a. Frank is not going to the graduation ceremony because he broke his leg snowboarding last week.

12.b. But, Frank (go)   to the graduation ceremony if he (break)   his leg
snowboarding last week.

13.a. They are not releasing the prisoner next month because there was so much public opposition to his
parole.

13.b. But, they (release)   the prisoner next month if there (be)   so much
opposition to his parole.
14.a. The hotels filled up months in advance because the festival is going to include jazz artists from around
the globe.

14.b. But, the hotels (fill)   up months in advance if the festival

(include)   jazz artists from around the globe.

15.a. We are not worried about the recent string of robberies in the neighborhood because the police have
started regularly patrolling the area.

15.b. But, we (be)   worried about the recent string of robberies in the neighborhood if the police

(start, not)   regularly patrolling the area.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms (mixed conditionals).

1. It was the drug, not the disease, that killed him. He still (be) alive today if he (not
take) that drag. 2. This room's freezing because the fire has only just been lit. – If it
(be lit) this morning, as I suggested, the room (be) warm enough to sit in now. 3. I
overslept; that's why I'm half an hour late; and if my phone (not ring) at nine o'clock I
might still be in bed. 4. Why are you in such a bad temper? – Because I've been
waiting for 40 minutes in an icy wind. If you (wait) 40 minutes in an icy wind you
(be) bad-tempered, too. 5. When the weather got bad the climbing party turned back,
all except Tom and his brothers, who decided to go on. If only they (turn) back with
the others they (be) alive today. 6. You are not practical. If you (be) practical you (not
buy) such a useless thing. 7. She is not careful. If she (be) careful she (not get) into
trouble. 8. She looks tired. If she (not work) all the time she (not look) so tired now.

Don't you think it's time you got a job? It’s high time

Come , it's time we had lunch.

They were saying in the office that it was about time Walker retired.

Use It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time.

Example: You should forget about the issue It’s not important. – It’s high time you
forgot about the issue. It’s not important. 

1. The government should invest more in the environment.

2. Get up! You’ll be late for school.

3. Your hair is dirty. Wash it!

4. Please hurry up and do your homework.

 5. The children should be in bed by now.

6. You should write to your uncle and apologize.

7. You have to think about the future.

I wish I knew what to do about the problem.

I wish you didn’t have to go.

I wish I hadn’t said it.

I wish I had studied harder at school.

I can't restart the computer. If only I knew how to fix it.

We are completely lost. If only you had got your GPS!

1. I wish we (not have) a test today.

2. I wished these exercises (not be) so difficult.

3. I wish we (live) near the beach.

4. Do you ever wish you (can travel) more?

5. I wish I (be) better at maths.

6. I wished we (not have to) wear a school uniform.

7. Sometimes I wish I (can fly).

8. I wish we (can go) to Disney World.

She looked as though she had been at the hairdresser's all afternoon.
Mary is always saying she believes her friend, and at the same time she always
behaves as if he were her enemy.
Our life goes on as if nothing had happened.

Complete the sentences with as if. Choose from the box, putting the verbs in the correct form.
 she / enjoy / it I / go / be sick
he / not / eat / for a week
he / need / a good rest she / hurt / her leg
he / mean / what he / say
I / not / exist she / not / want / come

1   Mark looks very tired. He looks …………………….

2   I don’t think Paul was joking. He looked …………………….

3   What’s the matter with Amanda? She’s walking …………………….

4   Peter was extremely hungry and ate his dinner very quickly.

    He ate …………………….

5   Tanya had a bored expression on her face during the movie.

    She didn’t look …………………….

6   I’ve just eaten too many chocolates. Now I don’t feel well.

    I feel …………………….

7   I phoned Liz and invited her to the party, but she wasn’t very enthusiastic about it.

    She sounded …………………….

8   I went into the office, but nobody spoke to me or looked at me.

    Everybody ignored me ……………………