Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
10/4/2009 SQA 2
Software Attributes
Reliability
Usability
Functionality
Maintainability
Correctness
Portability
Testability
Efficiency
10/4/2009 SQA 3
Attributes are specific to S/Ware
10/4/2009 SQA 4
Classification of Software Quality
Attributes
Performance Attributes
Form Attributes
Processing Attributes
Functional Attributes
Operational Integrity Attributes
Maintainability Attributes
10/4/2009 SQA 5
Software Product Quality
Models
McCall’s & Boehm’s S/W Product Quality
Model
The ISO 9126 Standard Quality Model
Others like Goal Question Metric.
10/4/2009 SQA 6
McCall’s Product Quality Model
The McCall quality model is organized around
three types of Quality Characteristics:
Factors (To specify): They describe the external view
of the software, as viewed by the users.
Criteria (To build): They describe the internal view of
the software, as seen by the developer.
Metrics (To control): They are defined and used to
provide a scale and method for measurement.
10/4/2009 SQA 7
McCall’s Product Quality Model
10/4/2009 SQA 8
McCall’s Product Quality Model
Use Factor Criteria
Product Usability oOperability
Operation oTraining
oCommunicativeness
oI/O Volume
oI/O Rate
Integrity oAccess Control
oAccess Audit
Efficiency oStorage Requirement
oExecution Speed
Correctness oTraceability
oCompleteness
oConsistency
Reliability oAccuracy
oError Tolerance
oConsistency
oSimplicity
10/4/2009 SQA 9
McCall’s Product Quality Model
Product Revision Maintainability oConsistency
oSimplicity
oConciseness
oSelf-descriptiveness
oModularity
Testability oSimplicity
oScope for Automation
Flexibility oExpandability
oArchitecture Usability
oSelf descriptiveness
oModularity
10/4/2009 SQA 10
McCall’s Product Quality Model
Product Re-usability oArchitectural Usability
Transition oSelf Descriptiveness
oModularity
oMachine Independence
oOperating system Independence
Portability oSelf Descriptiveness
oModularity
oMachine Independence
oOS Independence
Inter-operability oModularity
oCommunications commonality
oData commonality
10/4/2009 SQA 11
ISO 9126 Standard Quality
Model
The objective of this standard is to provide a
framework for the evaluation of software quality.
ISO/IEC 9126 does not provide requirements for
software, but it defines a quality model which is
applicable to every kind of software.
It defines six product quality characteristics and
in an annex provides a suggestion of quality sub
characteristics.
10/4/2009 SQA 12
ISO 9126 Standard Quality
Model
10/4/2009 SQA 13
Process Quality
ISO 8402 Quality Definition
10/4/2009 SQA 15
Process Quality
A Quality Process is the one that leads to the
production of high Quality Product
Quality Process = Quality Product
To evaluate the process it has to be made
tangible.
One way of doing this is to base the process on
a standard or model against which conformance
may be assessed
The process evaluation only take account of and
is ultimately only as good as, the underlying
model or standard used
10/4/2009 SQA 16
Process Quality (Cont.)
A Process Approach implies that every activity
in an organization has a defined start and finish
and can be measured.
A software product should meet its defined
quality standards
To ensure that the product meets a defined
quality standard:
Standards and practices for s/w product must be
defined early in the development process
Standards must be specific to software product
Quality “gates” must be identified to monitor its
quality
10/4/2009 SQA 17
Standards Defined
Standards are mandatory requirements
employed and enforced to prescribe a
disciplined uniform approach to software
development, that is mandatory
conventions and practices are in fact
standards. IEEE STD 983-1986
10/4/2009 SQA 18
Quality Standards and Models
In Europe and wider world, the prevalent
approach is to base the process or any
evaluation of it on a Standard. e.g ISO
9000 series
In US, the focus for process Quality
Improvement and Evaluation is Process
Maturity Model.
10/4/2009 SQA 19
Some Common Standards/Models
CMMi for an integrated software process
ISO 9001 for process mapping
Six-Sigma initiative for continuous
improvement on existing processes
PCMM for people involvement in quality
initiatives
SPiCE Software Process Improvement
and Capability dEtermination
10/4/2009 SQA 20
References
“Software Quality Assurance – Principles and
Practice” by Nina S Godbole
Chapter 4
4.3 (4.3.1, 4.3.2)
4.4 (4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.4.3)
4.5 (4.5.1, 4.5.2)
“Software Engineering” by Pressman,
Chapter 15
15.1.1
15.1.2
10/4/2009 SQA 21