Workshop on IP QoS and Traffic Control

RSVP-TE Extensions for

LSP Rerouting in NS2

D. Adami, C. Callegari, S. Giordano, M. Pagano

Department of Information Engineering - University of Pisa

6-7 December 2007

IST Congress Center, Lisbon, Portugal

1 Michele Pagano
 Outline

• Introduction

• MPLS-based Recovery

• RSVP-TE Reservation Styles

• NS2 Software Modules

• Simulations Results

• Conclusions

2 Michele Pagano
 Introduction

• Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) provides:

9 Traffic Engineering capabilities
9 Virtual Private Networks support
9 Network Survivability

Transit LSR (Label swapping) Egress LSR (Label popping)

Ingress LSR (Label pushing) In In Address Out Out In In Address Out Out
I/F Lab Prefix I/F Lab I/F Lab Prefix I/F Lab
In In Address Out Out
I/F Lab Prefix I/F Lab 3 30 172.16 1 40 3 40 172.16 1 -
3 - 172.16 1 30 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... LSR B
40 172.16.1.2 data 172.16.0.0/16
LSR A LSRC
30 172.16.1.2 data
172.58.0.0/16 172.16.1.2 data

172.16.1.2 data

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 IP Routing
R8
R1
R3
R4
R2
Shortest
Path

LSR8
R5
R9

R7 R6

High Convergence Time!

Issues
9Highly reliable services require very low recovery times (tenths of ms)
9IP routing does not assure QoS recovery
Michele Pagano
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 MPLS Recovery: Path Protection

Egress
LSR1 LER
LSR3
LSR4
LSR2

LSR8
LSR5
Ingress
LER
LSR7 LSR6

Working LSP
Backup Path MPLS-based Recovery aims at reducing the recovery times
when a failure occurs and dynamic routing protocols are used!

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 MPLS Recovery: Path Restoration
Egress
LSR1 LER
LSR3
LSR4
LSR2

LSR8
LSR5
Ingress
LER
LSR7 LSR6

MPLS-based Recovery Objectives

Working LSP 9Optimal use of network resources
Backup Path 9Traffic protection with different granularity
9Minimization of unprotected traffic degradation

6 Michele Pagano
 The Recovery Cycle
Egress
LSR1 Resv LER
LSR3
LSR4
LSR2

PathErr

PathTear LSR8
LSR5
Ingress
LER
LSR7 LSR6
Path

Recovery
Fault Detection Fault Hold-
Hold-off Fault Notification Operation Traffic Recovery
Time Time Time Time Time

Start of Recovery Path

Network Fault Start of
Recovery Operation Traffic
Impairment Detected Notification
Operation Complete Recovered

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 RSVP-TE Reservation Styles

Distinct Reservation Shared Reservation

Explicit Sender Fixed-Filter Shared-Explicit

Selection (FF) style (SE) style

Wildcard Sender Wildcard-Filter

Selection (WF) style

• A reservation style indicates whether senders in the RSVP session have

distinct or shared resource reservation and whether they are selected
according to an explicit list

• RSVP defines three different Reservation Styles

– the FF style creates a distinct reservation for each sender
– the SE style allows a receiver to make a single reservation shared by a set of
senders explicitly specified in the reservation message
– the WF style creates a single reservation that is shared by all senders in the
session

8 Michele Pagano
 RSVP-TE Reservation Styles: Application Scenario

B C
(2,100)
LSP (A_B_C_F) (1,50) (1,100)
40 Mbps A F

(1,100) (2,100)
(1,50)
Bandwidth (1,50)
(1,100)
70 Mbps
(5,100)
D E
(Metric, Bandwidth)
New Path
A_D_B_C_F
Without SE Reservation Style, it is
necessary to tear down the old LSP and
to set-up a new LSP

9 Michele Pagano
 Motivations and targets

• Since planning MPLS-based recovery strategies involves trade-offs

based on several factors
9 End-user applications requirements
9 Network efficiency
9 Complexity
9 Revenues
our goal was to develop a powerful and flexible simulation tool to help
network designers and administrators in their work

• An MPLS Network Simulator (MNS) was available for the Network

Simulator 2 (NS2)
9 developed at Chungnam National University, Korea
9 based on the Constrained Routing – Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP)

but…a full open-source MPLS networks simulation tool had not been
realized yet!!

10 Michele Pagano
 NS2 Software Modules

Old Modules MNS - MPLS Network Simulator

RSVP-TE\ns with Reservation Styles

OSPF-TE\ns
New Modules
MPLS Recovery Strategies

QoS Routing

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 New MPLS Node Architecture in NS2

RSVP-TE
RSVP-TE
module
module
OSPF-TE
OSPF-TE
module
module

12 Michele Pagano
 LSP Recovery in NS2

• LSP Protection
<Ingress-LSR> protection-ff <Source> <Egress>
<Dest> <OldSID> <SessionID> <FlowID> <TunnelID>
<Rate> <Buffer> <Er>

<Ingress-LSR> protection-se <Source> <Egress>

<Dest> <OldSID> <SessionID> <FlowID> <TunnelID>
<Rate> <Buffer> <Er>

• LSP Rerouting with Path Precomputation

<Ingress-LSR> fastrerouting-ff <Source> <Egress>
<Dest> <OldSID> <FlowID> <TunnelID> <Rate> <Buffer>
<Er>

<Ingress-LSR> fastrerouting-se <Source> <Egress>

<Dest> <OldSID> <FlowID> <TunnelID> <Rate>
<Buffer> <Er>

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 Simulation Scenario

GÉANT

• Pan-European multi-gigabit
data communications network
specifically reserved for
research and education use

• The GÉANT project was a

collaboration between 26
National Research and
Education Networks
representing 30 countries

• The network connects a total

of 34 countries

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 Simulation Scenario
CBR Traffic
Destination
Simulation Scenario

• Available Bandwidth = 1 Mb/s

• CBR Sources at 400 Kb/s
• Link cost = 1

• A failure on the link 7_22 of the

primary LSP is forced
• Fault Hold-off Time = 0

Target

• To highlight the advantages of Primary

using SE Reservation Styles
LSPs CBR Traffic
Source

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 LSP Rerouting with FF Reservation Style
Destinations

Reserved
PRIMARY LSP
LSPs

IP Shortest Path
CBR Traffic Back-Up LSPs
Sources

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 Recovery Time for FF Reservation Style

LSP 1 LSP 2
780

760

740

720
ms

700

680

660

640

620
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Simulation

Link status is checked by a polling mechanism, simulated as a random

variable uniformely distributed within [0, 100 ms]

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 LSP Rerouting with SE Reservation Style
Destinations

Reserved
PRIMARY LSP
LSP

CBR Traffic Back-Up LSP

Sources

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 Recovery Time for SE Reservation Style

180

160

140

120

100
ms

80

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Simulation

Avg. Recovery Time: 126 ms vs. 736 ms

19 Michele Pagano
 Conclusions

• Design and development of a new NS2 software module which enhances

RSVP-TE\ns with the reservation styles supported by RSVP-TE

• The availability of reservation styles allows MPLS network designers to

plan complex scenarios with heterogeneous recovery strategies

• The new NS2 module may help a network designer to choose the most
suitable MPLS-based recovery strategy

• Reservation styles are also essential to set-up Point-to-Multipoint and

Multipoint-to-Multipoint LSPs

• The software is available on the TlcNetGroup software repository at the

site:
http://netgroup-serv.iet.unipi.it

20 Michele Pagano