Limitations of Structured Programming and Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming.

UNIT – I

1. Limitations of Structured Programming and Characteristics of Object Oriented

Programming.
Date: 31.01.2011 / K. Nitheesh Murrugan

1.1 Structured Programming

Structured Programming is a top to bottom approach in programming.

Programming was considered as a private puzzle solving activity, which got a

new dimension after structured programming as like a activity of restructuring
specifications in to programming.

Three structures of SP
Sequence Perform an Action
Branch Select an Action (If – True/ False)
Loop Repeat an Action (For/ While/ Do While)

1.2 Limitations of Structured Programming

a. Structured Programming is hard and takes a long time to master

b. It concentrates on doing things. (Eg. Algorithms)
c. Large programs are divided into smaller programs called Functions
d. Most of the Functions share global data
e. Data is accessible from one function to another
f. Top down Approach

K. Nitheesh Murrugan. | Lecturer in MCA | RGCET | Lecture 1 of OOP | 31.01.10

Limitations of Structured Programming and Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming.

Withdraw, Deposit, Transfer

1.3 Object Oriented Programming

Customer, Money, Account

An object oriented programming, concentrates on the objects which focuses

on the data rather than the functions, which are focused in structured
programming.

The 7 Basic functions of OOP are

a. Object
An object is a unique programming entity which has attribute to
describe it and methods to set/ retrieve it.
A.1. Attributes
Objects data is stored in an attribute.
Known as Properties too
A.2. Methods
Methods allow accessing the data
Data can be manipulated using methods

K. Nitheesh Murrugan. | Lecturer in MCA | RGCET | Lecture 1 of OOP | 31.01.10

Limitations of Structured Programming and Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming.

b. Classes
A class is a blue print of an object, its properties and its
methods.
Objects are variables of classes. One Class More Objects
Class is a collection of Objects of similar types

c. Data Abstraction and Encapsulation

Representing the essential features without the background
details is known as Abstraction
Object: Teacher
Attributes
Name: Data Member

Qualification:
Methods
Subject: Member Function

Performance:

Wrapping up of data into single unit is known as Encapsulation

The data is not accessible to the outside world
Ex: Forming a Community/ Group.
d. Inheritance
Access the property of another class from one class.
Hierarchical Method
Ex: College Tie ups with IIT.
e. Polymorphism
It is Many. It is taking more than one option.
Operator Overloading
An operator to perform different functions in different
instances
Ex: + is used to add and concatenate
Function Overloading
An operation to perform different functions in different
instances
Ex: Draw Shape() operation can do Circle, Box etc.

K. Nitheesh Murrugan. | Lecturer in MCA | RGCET | Lecture 1 of OOP | 31.01.10

Limitations of Structured Programming and Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming.

f. Dynamic Binding
g. Message Passing

1.4 Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming

a. Characters

1. It gives importance to data rather than procedure.

2. Programs are divided into objects
3. Data is hidden
4. Objects may communicate with each other.
5. New data and functions can be easily added.
6. Bottom – up Approach.

b. Benefits

1. Avoid redundancy in code and use existing class. (INHERITANCE)

2. Save time and high productivity.
3. Secure Program Codes. (DATA HIDING)
4. Multiple instance of a class is possible.
5. Easy to partition the work based on objects.
6. Easy to upgrade from smaller to larger systems.
7. Software complexity can be managed.

c. Applications

1. Real Time Systems

2. Simulation and Modelling
3. Object oriented Database
4. Multimedia
5. AI, Neural Networks, Expert Systems
6. Decision Support Systems, Parallel Processing Systems
7. CAD Systems

K. Nitheesh Murrugan. | Lecturer in MCA | RGCET | Lecture 1 of OOP | 31.01.10

Limitations of Structured Programming and Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming.

1.5 Frequently Asked Questions

University QP

1. Characteristics of OOP with suitable example

2. What are Objects? How are they created?
3. How is a member function in a class defined?
4. Benefits of OOP.

Internal QP

1. Application of OOP.
2. Limitations of OOP.
3. What are the Characteristics of OOP?
4. What is a Class?
5. Benefits of OOP.
6. What are Objects?
7. How to Create Objects?
8. How is a member function of a class defined?

1.6 Assignment 1: Submit 3 days after the class

Annexure 1: Student Performance List in Assignment 1
1.7 Test 1: Take a test 5 days after the class
Annexure 2: Student Mark List in Test 1

K. Nitheesh Murrugan. | Lecturer in MCA | RGCET | Lecture 1 of OOP | 31.01.10