Dr.

Jose Matias Delgado University

School of Industrial Engineering

Technical English Class

Parts of speech

Professor: Carlos A. Garcia

Student: Ricardo Aleman Ramirez

Semester 01/2011

Group 1-1

Date: March 20th, 2011

 Parts of speech

Parts of
Concept Rules Examples
speech

A noun is the name -Proper noun: the *Proper noun:

of a person, place, definite article is not -Wendy located her
thing, or idea. used with most housekeeper.
Whatever exists, singular proper - He used this
we assume, can be nouns. It’s almost umbrella in
named, and that always capitalized. Alabama.
name is a noun. -Common nouns
Nouns can be name everything *Common noun:
singular or plural, else, things that -The car is on the
depending on usually are not street.
whether they name capitalized. -She is playing
one person, place, -Collective nouns, basketball.
thing or idea or which can take a
more than one. singular form but *Collective noun:
are composed of -The family
NOUN more than one Jackson is the park.
individual person or -The class is funny.
items.
-Concrete nouns *Concrete noun:
are words that -The book is dirty.
represent objects -The table that is in
one can see, hear, the dining room is
touch, smell, and big
taste with the
senses. *Abstract noun:
-Abstract nouns -The love is
are anything one beautiful.
cannot see, hear, -The friendship is
touch, smell or wonderful.
taste.
 Parts of
Concept Rules Examples
speech

A pronoun -Personal *Personal pronoun:

can replace a pronouns refer to -He is a doctor
noun or people and things. -They have been to
another They are divided Buenos Aires.
pronoun. You into three
use pronouns categories called *Reflexive pronoun:
like "he," first person, second -I found it myself.
"which," person and third -She looked at herself
"none," and person. in the mirror
"you" to make -A reflexive
your pronoun is formed *Interrogative pronoun:
sentences by adding - self or - -Whose book is this?
less selves to certain -Which is your favorite
cumbersome personal pronouns. color?
and less -An interrogative
repetitive. A pronoun is used to *Demonstrative
pronoun is a ask a question. Pronoun:
word used in These pronouns -That is her car
place of one are which, who, -This is my new cell
or more whom, and whose. phone.
PRONOUNS
nouns. -A demonstrative
pronoun is used to * Indefinite pronoun:
point out a specific - They sent everybody
person or thing. an invitation.
These pronouns - Anybody in the office
include this, that, will help you.
these, and those.
-An indefinite
pronoun often
does not refer to a
specific or definite
person or thing. It
usually does not
have a definite or
specific antecedent
as a personal
pronoun does. Like:
all, each, more,
one, another,
either, most,
other…
 Parts of
Concept Rules Examples
speech

Adjectives are -A proper *Proper

words that adjective is adjective:
describe or formed from a - Many of my
modify another proper noun. friends are
person or thing -A compound American.
in the sentence. adjective is a - This house is a
An adjective word composed fine example of
modifies of two or more Victorian
(qualifies or words. architecture.
limits the Sometimes
meaning of) a these words are *Compound
noun or a hyphenated. Do adjective:
ADJECTIVES pronoun. It not use a - Richard drives
answers the hyphen after an a high-powered
questions, What adverb ending in car.
kind? Which - ly. - They are a
one(s)? How - The happily married
many? How demonstrative couple.
much? adjectives are
used to indicate *Demonstrative
specific items in adjective:
relation to - I don't like that
ourselves. sweater
- This apartment
needs to be
painted.
 Parts of
Concept Rules Examples
speech

An adverb is any ◗ Many adverbs *Adverbs modify

word that end in - ly. verbs:
modifies any part ◗ Adverbs Barack ate quickly.
of speech or answer any of (How did he eat?)
other verbs other these four We walk there.
than a noun questions: (Where did I walk?)
(modifiers of Where? When? Peter will eat soon.
nouns are How? To what (When will Peter eat?)
primarily extent?
adjectives and ◗ Adverbs make *Adverbs modify
determiners). writing more adjectives:
Adverbs can specific and -Doggy is very happy.
modify verbs, more exact. (Very modifies the
adjectives adjective happy and
(including Kind of the answers the question,
numbers), adverbs: To what extent?)
clauses, -Adverbs modify -The program was too
sentences and verbs. unrealistic. (Too
ADVERBS other adverbs. modifies the adjective
-Adverbs modify
An adverb is a adjectives. unrealistic and
word that Adverbs modify answers the question,
modifies other adverbs. To what extent?)
(qualifies or
limits) a verb, an *Adverbs modify other
adjective, or adverbs:
another adverb. -Charlie walks too
quickly. (Too
modifies the adverb
quickly and answers
the question,
How quickly?)
-She moved rather
recently. (Rather
modifies the adverb
recently and answers
the question,
How recently?)
Parts of
Concept Rules Examples
speech

A verb is the -An action verb tells *Action verb:

words that what action (often a - My dog runs faster
expresses physical action) a than yours.
action or a state subject is performing, -I am kicking the ball
of being and is has performed, or will now.
necessary to perform.
make a -A linking verb * Linking verb:
statement. connects (or links) a - My sister is a doctor.
Verbs carry the subject to a noun or an (The linking verb, is,
idea of being or adjective in the connects the subject,
action in the predicate. The most sister, with the
sentence. common linking verbs predicate nominative,
are the forms of the doctor. )
verb “to be” (is, are, - The child will be tall
was, were, been, being, five years from now.
am) and appear, ('Will be' is the linking
become, feel, grow, verb connecting 'child'
look, remain, seem, to the fact that he will
smell, sound, stay, be 'tall five years from
taste, and turn. now.')
VERBS -A helping verb assists
the main verb in a *Helping verb:
sentence. There can be - We are teaching you
more than one helping about helping verbs.
verb in each sentence. - They have not
The common helping delivered the
verbs are forms verb to documents on time.
be, has, had, have, do,
does, may, might, must, *Progressive verbs
can, could, shall, "She is driving. She
should, will, and would. was eating. She will
-The progressive be running. She has
verbs, which indicate been jumping. She
something being or had been studying.
happening, are formed She will have been
with the present sleeping.”
participle form (ending
in -ing) along with
various auxiliaries.
 Parts of
Concept Rules Examples
speech

A preposition The compound *Common

is a word that preposition: It does the Preposition:
shows the same as a common -The man swam
relationship preposition but is under the bridge.
between a composed of two or (Under connects
noun or a more words: according the idea of swam
pronoun and to, ahead of, apart from, and bridge)
another word as of, because of, by
in the means of, in addition to. *Prepositions of
sentence. time:
Some -Prepositions of Time: - The train is due
examples: at, on, in, for and since at 12:15 p.m.
aboard, about, *We use for when we -We're having a
above, across, measure time (seconds, party on the
after, against, minutes, hours, days, Fourth of July.
along, among. months, years). -It's too cold in
winter to run
*We use since with a outside.
specific date or time. -She's lived there
* We use at to designate for seven years.
PREPOSITIONS
specific times. -He's worked
* We use on to here since 1970.
designate days and
dates. *Preposition of
* We use in for place:
nonspecific times during - Emily lives at 55
a day, a month, a Boretz Road in
season, or a year. Durham.
-Her house is on
-Prepositions of Place: Boretz Road.
at, on, and in -She lives in
*We use at for specific Durham.
addresses.
*We use on to designate
names of streets,
avenues, etc.
*And we use in for the
names of land-areas
(towns, counties, states,
countries, and
continents).
 Parts of
Concept Rules Examples
speech

A conjunction A coordinating *coordinating

is a joiner, a conjunction is a conjunction
word that single connecting -The boys and girls
connects word. These worked at the fair.
(conjoins) parts seven words are (And joins the
of a sentence. for, and, nor, but, names boys and
It’s a word that or, yet, and so. girls.)
joins single Correlative -Paula or Jeannine
words or groups conjunctions can go with you
of words. A are pairs of tonight. (Or joins the
conjunction connecting names Paula and
connects words words. These five Jeannine.)
or group of pairs of words
words. There are are both/and, *Correlative
three types of either/or, conjunctions:
conjunctions: neither/nor, not -Both Henry and
coordinating only/but also, and Henrietta are leaving
conjunctions, whether/or. the dance now. (The
correlative A Subordinating correlative
CONJUNCTIONS
conjunctions, Conjunction conjunctions join two
and (sometimes names.)
subordinating called a -Not only will they
conjunctions. dependent word leave now, but they
or subordinator) will also not be here
comes at the to help clean up.
beginning of a (The correlative
Subordinate conjunctions join two
Clause and sentences or
establishes the complete ideas.)
relationship
between the *Subordinating
dependent Conjunction
clause and the -Because he loved
rest of the acting, he refused to
sentence. give up his dream of
being in the movies.
-Unless we act now,
all is lost.
 Parts of
Concept Rules Examples
speech

An interjection is a ◗ An interjection
word that expresses usually comes at -Wow! I
strong feeling or the beginning of won the
emotion. the sentence. lottery!
Interjections are ◗ An interjection is
words or phrases often followed by -Oh, I
used to exclaim or an exclamation don't know
protest or command. point (!) when the about that.
They sometimes emotion is strong
stand by - Ah, that
or a comma (,)
themselves, but they feels
when the emotion
are often contained good.
is mild.
within larger ◗ Do not overuse
structures. An -Hey!
interjections. What a
interjection is a word Include one when
or a phrase that good idea!
INTERJECTIONS you want to make
expresses emotion your point. If you
or exclamation. - Well,
use too many what did
interjections, your he say?
writing loses its
power and
effectiveness.
Like: Aw, Bravo,
Darn, Dear, me,
Eek, Eh, Gee,
Golly,
Goodness, Gosh,
Hallelujah, Hey,
Hurrah, Hurray,
Whoa, Whoops,
Wow, Yea, Yeh,
Yes, Yippee…