УДК 373.167.1:811.

111
ББК 81.2Англ–922
Б59
Аудиоприложение доступно на сайте росучебник.рф/audio

Учебно-методический комплект Enjoy English / «Английский 

с удовольствием» для 7 класса состоит из следующих компонентов:
учебника, книги для учителя, рабочей тетради, аудиоприложения

Биболетова, М. З.
Б59 Английский язык : 7 класс : учебник / М. З. Биболетова, Н. Н. Трубане-
ва. — 4-е изд. , стереотип. — М. : Дрофа, 2018. — 160 с. : ил. — (Российский
учебник : Enjoy English / «Английский с удовольствием»).
ISBN 978-5-358-20726-4
Учебно-методический комплект Enjoy English / «Английский с удовольствием»
(7 класс) является частью учебного курса Enjoy English / «Английский с удовольствием» для
2—11 классов общеобразовательных организаций. Содержание курса соответствует требо-
ваниям Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта общего образования.
Учебник основывается на современных методических принципах и отвечает требова-
ниям, предъявляемым к учебникам начала третьего тысячелетия. Тематика и аутентичный
материал, используемые в учебнике, отобраны с учетом интересов семиклассников, ориен-
тированы на выбор будущей профессии и продолжение образования. Акцент делается на
развитие коммуникативных умений учащихся, их познавательных способностей, метапред-
метных умений и личностных качеств.
Учебник состоит из четырех разделов, каждый из которых рассчитан на одну учебную
четверть. Разделы завершаются проверочными заданиями (Progress Check), позволяющими
оценить достигнутый школьниками уровень овладения языком. Учебник обеспечивает под-
готовку к итоговой аттестации по английскому языку, предусмотренной для выпускников
основной школы.
УДК 373.167.1:811.111
ББК 81.2Англ–922

РОССИЙСКИЙ УЧЕБНИК

УЧЕБНОЕ ИЗДАНИЕ

Биболетова Мерем Забатовна, Трубанева Наталия Николаевна

ENJOY ENGLISH
Английский с удовольствием
Английский язык
7 класс
Учебник

Редактор Л. Г. Беликова. Художественный редактор, дизайн макета Е. А. Подтуркина

Художник Н. В. Мишина. Технический редактор С. А. Толмачева
Верстка Т. Ю. Шкуренко. Корректор Г. Н. Кузьмина
Подписано в печать 28.08.17. Формат 60х84/8. Гарнитуры Newton, Circe.
Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л. 18,67. Тираж 3000 экз. Заказ №
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Предложения и замечания по содержанию и оформлению книги
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Электронные формы учебников, другие электронные материалы и сервисы:
LECTA.ru, тел.: 8-800-555-46-68
В помощь учителю и ученику: регулярно пополняемая библиотека дополнительных
материалов к урокам, конкурсы и акции с поощрением победителей, рабочие программы,
вебинары и видеозаписи открытых уроков росучебник.рф/метод

© Биболетова М. З. , Трубанева Н. Н. , 2015

© ООО «ДРОФА», 2016
ISBN 978-5-358-20726-4 © ООО «ДРОФА», 2017, с изменениями
 1. Welcome to the Present / Past / Future Giving personal Personal
world teenagers’ Simple (review) information information
competition Talking about people
Stating personal opinion
Advertising
Page 6
2. Describing people, Adjectives ending with: Describing people Characteristics
describing yourself -able / -ible, -ous, -ive, Stating likes / dislikes Free time
-ful, -y, -ly, -ic, -(i)an, activities
-al, -ing

3. What would you like Present / Past / Future Giving personal Personal
to change in yourself? Simple information information
Present Continuous Describing positive / Characteristics
Present Perfect negative features
(review) Expressing wishes
Once / Twice / Once
more

4. What do you think Review Giving personal Global problems

about your future? information
Talking about the future
Stating personal beliefs
Giving reasons and
explanations

5. Let’s take our Review Describing actions Competitions

chance Talking about competitions
Advertising

6. How to read Large numbers: Talking about cities Large numbers

numerals and dates 100—100,000,000 Making comparisons Cities
Dates (descriptions)
Adjectives: Degrees
of comparison (review)

7. Speaking about △ + △ -ing Talking about famous Biographies

famous people enjoy (love, like, hate, people
mind, stop, finish, Stating beliefs
give up) + doing smth

8. Do you have any Imperative Mood Talking about superstitions Superstitions

superstitions? (review) Giving and accepting (good / bad / luck)
warnings
Giving instructions

9. How can we Word combinations: Talking about means Means of

communicate with each other / one of communication communication
each other? another Describing objects

10. Telephoning each Review Talking on the telephone Talking

other (saying one’s name; asking on the telephone
to speak to someone; Telephone
passing the call to the right numbers
person; leaving a message)
Stating positive / negative
features

3
 11. Why do we use Present / Past / Future Talking about computers Means of
computers for Simple (review) Giving reasons and communication
communication? explanations International
Suggesting solutions words

1. Say “Hello!” “The” with the names Introducing yourself The names
to the winners of places (continents, Meeting people of the countries
of the international countries, cities, towns) and capitals
competition
2. Talking about Adjectives referring Talking about countries, Nationalities
Page 34 countries and to languages nationalities, languages Languages
nationalities “The” with nationality Stating personal beliefs Countries
adjectives Meeting people
3. People speak Clauses with who / that / Talking about countries, Countries
English all over which capitals and languages
the world Homophones (review) Expressing opinions
Stating facts
4. What do English- Synonyms (review) Talking about countries Countries
speaking people think Giving reasons and Nationalities
about their countries? explanations Languages
5. Why study English Nouns ending with Talking about English Languages
-tion / -sion, -er / -or, Stating opinions Borrowings
-ance / -ence, -ment, Giving reasons
-ing, -ity, -ist
6. How many Questions beginning Talking about languages Education
languages can you with “How…” (review) Expressing purpose (Languages)
speak? Giving personal reasons
7. Is Russian Past Simple (review) Talking about past events Education
an international (Languages)
language?
8. Passive voice Passive Voice Describing usage
(Present / Past / Future
Simple Passive Voice)
9. Round-the-world Passive Voice (review) Discussing ways Countries
tour of travelling Vehicles
Giving reasons
and explanations
Stating likes / dislikes
Making comparisons

1. Looking at teenage be / look / feel + Stating personal problems Personal problems

problems adverb / adjective Describing feelings School
2. On the way Prepositions Asking the way Personal problems
to school (Where to?) School
It takes... to do smth The way to school
3. School is fun if you Modal Verbs Talking about school School
Page 62 are optimistic! Giving advice with Giving reasons characteristics
must / have to / Expressing opinions
should Giving advice
Stating likes / dislikes

4
 Contents

Section Grammar focus Function Vocabulary

4. What do you know Review Describing positive / School (subjects,

about school life negative features teachers, rules)
in English-speaking Expressing opinions /
countries? wishes
Describing objects
5. Would you like Possessive Pronouns Talking about school Education
to attend a private (Absolute Form): Making comparisons School
school? mine, yours, his, hers, Giving reasons Uniform
its, ours, theirs Describing positive /
negative features
6. Using the Passive Passive Voice Talking about books Phrasal Verbs
Voice (prepositions with / by) Books
Phrasal Verbs
7. We are not ideal Conditional II: Talking about punishments School
students, are we? If + Past Simple + Stating rules (Punishments)
would (might) + Discussing possibilities
infinitive
8. School friends Complex Object Quarrelling Characteristics
are for ever want smb + Suggesting solutions
expect to do smth Expressing opinions
Expressing wishes
9. How to tackle our one / ones Talking about youth Personal problems
problems? problems
Expressing opinions /
wishes
Giving warnings

UNIT 4 1. Why people do Adverbs: formation, Talking about sports Sport (sports,
sports classification Expressing opinions places)
Sport is fun Stating likes / dislikes
Page 100
2. Keeping fit Adverbs: hard / Describing positive / Keeping fit
hardly, late / lately, negative features (sports, healthy /
near / nearly, high / Discussing possibilities unhealthy food)
highly Stating likes / dislikes
3. Health is above Adverbs (review) Describing actions Health
wealth Past Simple (review) Giving advice / wishes
like / hate + doing Making polite requests
smth (review) Expressing opinions
4. Why do people like Adverbs: Degrees Discussing purposes Competitions
to compete? of Comparison Describing events Countries (review)
Making polite invitations
Making comparisons

APPENDIXES УСЛОВНЫЕ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ

Grammar reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
List of irregular verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 — упражнение на слушание
Pronunciation table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 — работа в парах
Learning strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
— работа в группах
Cultural guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
List of personal names . . . . . . . . . . . 138 — задание повышенной трудности
List of geographical names . . . . . . . 139 — работа с Интернетом
Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

5
1
SECTION 1
1

If you are over the age of 12,

like travelling, want to make new
friends, want to improve your English,
just answer our questions!
UNESCO* offers 50 lucky participants the chance to visit all the English-
speaking countries absolutely free! So for the chance to win the tour just
answer the following simple questions:

1. Can you describe yourself in five words?

2. What would you most like to change in yourself?
3. What’s your motto**?
4. How do you see yourself in 10 years’ time?
5. How do you see our planet in 10 years?

Send your reply to our e-mail: info@teenager.com

* UNESCO — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: an organization through which
richer nations help poorer ones.
** motto — a short sentence or a few words taken as a guiding principle of a person, of a school, of a company etc.

6
 2 4
— Hi, Steve!
— Hi, Paul! What’s up?
— Could you help me to answer the questions
in the World Teenagers’ Competition?
try / take my / your chance, be in luck, win the
— Why? Are the questions so difficult?
prize, test my / your English, find many new
— For me — yes. You know, my English isn’t
friends, miss my / your chance, it’s worth
so good!
trying, it’s interesting to win something for
— Sure, I’ll help you but I think it’s a waste of
nothing; have no chance, it’s a chance in a
time.
million, too many participants, be out of luck,
***
it’s boring, hate losing, can’t use the Internet;
— Hello!
waste of time, in my opinion, as for me,
— Hi, Sandy! It’s Kerry. Would you like to
I believe.
visit all the English-speaking countries of
the world? 5
— Of course, I would like to. Have you got
any ideas about how to do it?
— Come over to my place. Let’s answer Today’s teenagers are called “The New Wave
5  questions of the World Teenagers’ Young”, because they:
Competition and we’ll soon be going round — want to work hard and be successful;
the world absolutely free. — are independent;
— OK. Let’s give it a try. Let’s take a chance. — respect adults;
— think that money is very important.

1) I agree with...; Yes, I think so, too;

I disagree with...; I have a different opinion;
Nonsense.
2) sociable, industrious, curious, intelligent,
creative, clever, kind, serious, friendly,
hardworking, polite, rude, cruel, silly,
3 lazy, impolite, naughty, unfriendly, shy,
cunning.

to try one’s chance

(рискнуть, попытать
счастья)
chance to take one’s chance
(шанс, удача) to miss one’s chance
(упустить
возможность)
to have no chance
It’s a chance in a million.
to take part in different
competition kinds of competitions
(соревнование) to win a competition
to lose a competition
to be in luck (везти)
luck
to be out of luck (не везти)
(удача)
Good luck!

7
 SECTION 2

Adjectives ending with -able/-ible, -ous, -ive, -ful, -y, -ly, -ic, -al, -(i)an, -ing, -less.

6
-able/-ible sociable, enjoyable, hospitable, unforgettable, possible, responsible
-ous industrious, curious, serious, humorous, nervous, famous, dangerous, delicious
-ive creative, talkative, expensive, impressive
-ful careful, wonderful, beautiful, useful, helpful, successful
-y lazy, busy, naughty, funny, dirty, noisy
-ly friendly, lovely, unfriendly
-ic energetic, fantastic, exotic, historic, scientific
-al cultural, musical, classical, typical, international, chemical, historical
-(i)an Russian, Italian, American, African
-ing boring, cunning, hardworking, loving, English-speaking
-less homeless, careless, useless, helpless

Enjoy, enjoyment, enjoyable;

create, creation, creative, creativity, creator;
beauty, beautiful; science, scientist, scientific;
use, user, useful, using, useless;
friendship, friendly, friend, unfriendly;
care, careful, careless; impression, impress,
impressive, impressionism;
talk, talker, talkative, talking;
help, helper, helpful, helpless;
9
love, lovely, loving; A person who likes to talk a lot is
Russia, Russian; history, historical, historic; talkative.
1. A person who is nervous in the company of
music, musical, musician.
others is ... .
2. A person who produces new and original
8
ideas is ... .
3. A person who likes to be with others is ... .
a) to enjoy, to forget, to create, to talk, to 4. A person who works hard is ... .
impress, to help; 5. A person who wants to learn is ... .
b) humor, danger, care, music, wonder, 6. Children who don’t get along with their
history, curiosity, love, science, beauty, parents are ... .
friend, use; 7. A person who doesn’t like to work is ... .
c) America, Italy, Africa, India, Australia. 8. A person who is very unkind is ... .

8
10
when
When I am sad, I usually listen to music. you a re s a
angr y d
when you are
happy
when you are when you are when you are
nervous tired

stay at home, like to be alone, draw funny pictures, have a cup of tea, eat tasty things, cry, shout, go to
bed, read books / magazines / newspapers, listen to classical music / to rock / to pop music, play jokes,
arrange a party, have a picnic, play the piano (the guitar), dance, go to disco, play football (tennis),
watch TV / CD-films, play with my pet, talk with my friends, chat in the Internet etc.

When my friend is nervous, he usually thinks up puzzles.

11

Timothy: a student, a son, a brother; to run, Clare: a student, a friend, a swimmer; to travel,
to laugh, to watch TV; funny, lazy, naughty. to change, to dance; independent, nice, sociable.

12

Yes No Total:
1. Do you value friendship? 1 0
If your score is more than 6, you are
2. Do new things attract you? 1 0 a person of good character. Your parents,
3. Do you prefer old clothes to new ones? 1 0 teachers, friends love you.
4. Do you often pretend to be happy? 0 1 If your score is 6, your mood (настрое-
5. Have you dreamed of more than three ние) changes quickly. So it’s quite
0 1 difficult to communicate with you. If you
different jobs when you were a child?
want to be lucky, always take a chance.
6. Do you lose self-confidence (уверен-
ность в себе) when you have to solve 0 1 If your score is less than 3, believe in
a difficult problem? yourself and your abilities. You should
7. Do you collect anything? 1 0 trust (доверять) people and try to find
a true friend.
8. Do you often change your plans
0 1
at the last moment?

9
 SECTION 3 What would you like to change in yourself?

13 Do you like yourself? Tell your partner

what you’d like or wouldn’t like to change
in yourself.
Use:
1) lose (gain) weight, get a new haircut,
change the colour of my hair, look older,
look cool (modern, fashionable), dress well,
be more athletic;
2) get smarter, improve my memory, become
more sociable / independent / less talkative /
less shy / less lazy;
3) have a good friend, get along with parents /
older (younger) brothers or sisters / teachers /
classmates.

14 Read the short paragraph about New Year

Resolutions. Say if you have ever made any
New Year Resolutions. Have any of them
come true?
In Britain a lot of people make New Year
Resolutions on December 31st night. For
example, “I’ll go in for sports twice a
week,” or “I’ll try to get along with my little
brother.” But there’s a problem. Most people
forget their New Year Resolutions on January
2nd.

GRAM MAR FOCUS

15 Read and remember. Make up your own

sentences using the words. 16 Complete the sentences. Try to be honest.
I’d like to ␐ ...once a year. ␐...twice a week.␐
once one time однажды ...twice a month. ␐ ...many times. ␐ ...once
more.
twice two times дважды
17 Find out what your classmates would like
to change in themselves in the New School
— three times трижды
Year.
— four times четырежды Names What would he /
of your she like to change
— many times много раз classmates in himself/ herself?

once more one more time еще раз … …

Example:
1. We’ve met only once.
2. She plays tennis twice a week.
3. Try your chance once more.

10
18

BE HAPPY!
LIVE AND LUCK GOES
DON'T WHY NOT?
LET LIVE IN CYCLE
WORRY

19

Russian English Tense

1) Я часто пишу письма друзьям. I often write letters to my friends. Present Simple
2) Я сейчас пишу письмо другу. По- I’m writing a letter to my friend at Present Continuous
жалуйста, подождите минуточку. the moment. Please wait a minute. (Progressive)
3) Я уже написала письмо. Мы мо- I have already written the letter. Present Perfect
жем идти. We can go.
4) Я вчера написала письмо в Анг- I wrote a letter to Britain Past Simple
лию. yesterday.
5) Я обязательно напишу тебе I’ll write a letter to you tomorrow Future Simple
завтра. by all means.

20
Listen! He ... the saxophone
(play). — Listen! He is playing the saxophone.
1. I am afraid he ... already ... his chance
(miss).
2. Our students ... part in the competition the
day after tomorrow (take).
3. Yesterday the boys ... the game (lose).
4. Where is Steve? — He is in his room. He ...
(sleep).
5. He always ... his niece with her homework
(help).
6. Next time you ... the prize (win).
7. Martin never takes part in competitions.
He ... competitions (hate).
8. I ... Jill’s telephone number, so I cannot call
her (forget).
21
a) 
the Present Simple or the Present Continuous
Tense.
— What ... (do) you now?
— I ... (answer) the questions of the Teenagers’
Competition at the moment.
— Are the questions difficult?
—  Not for me. We often ... (answer) similar
questions in our English lessons.
b) 
the Past Simple or the Present Perfect
Tense.
— ... (take part) in the competition recently?
— Yes, I ... (try) my chance two weeks ago.
— ... (win) you the competition?
— No, I ... (not). But it was worth trying.

11
 SECTION 4

22

Ann Robert
Appearance … …
Job … …
Family … …
House / Flat … …
Free time … …

23

24

Martin: I’m really optimistic about the future. Just

think about the progress in different areas:
medicine and electronic technology, space
discoveries, for example. One day, I’m
sure, there will be cures for AIDS and
cancer (лекарства против СПИДа и
рака). And no drugs, of course.
Isabel: I am afraid of the future. Everything is
changing so quickly. Bombs, pollution,
dangerous technologies, a lot of crime,
terrorism, new serious diseases ... and
who’s responsible for it all? I think this
century could be a really dangerous
time.
Phil: I don’t care about the future. What’s the
point of thinking about it? I’m young.
I just want to go out with my friends, play
football and have a good time. I can’t
change much in this world until I grow up.
Helen In ten years? I’m looking forward to it.
I think it’s going to be the age of
communication. Computer science has
developed so fast. Scientists and computers
are going to control everything. Students
will study at home using the Internet.
Let’s wait and see.

12
25
1. Martin a) In my opinion, there will be a lot of problems.
2. Isabel b) As for me I have no idea.
3. Phil c) One day, I’m sure, computers and science will change people’s life.
4. Helen d) I believe that there will be great progress in technology and medicine.

28

1) It seems to me that...; In my opinion...;

26
27
First syllable: ˈclever, ˈserious, ˈtalkative,
ˈcunning, ˈnaughty, ˈteenager, ˈstudent,
ˈadult, ˈsociable, ˈcurious, ˈtolerant.
Second syllable: inˈdustrious, inˈtelligent,
creˈative, poˈlite, unˈfriendly, unˈlucky,
comˈmunicate, yourˈself.
Third syllable: indeˈpendent, magaˈzine,
interˈnational.
As I see it...; I believe that...;
2) to be optimistic, to make progress, to
change people’s life, to have a lot in
common, to have more jobs, to travel, to
make friends with, to save endangered
animals, to travel in space, to study at
home using the Internet, to have a cure for
most diseases, etc;
3) to be afraid of, to be tired of, to have a lot of
serious problems, to have new dangerous
diseases, to have pollution, to have a lot of
crime / terrorism, to have new local wars,
etc;
4) to have no idea, I don’t care, it’s useless to
think about the future, can’t change much,
to rest, to relax, to have a good time, to
have / to solve everyday problems, etc.
29
30
1. Choose one of the ideas given in Ex. 28
(I’m looking forward to the future; The
future frightens me; I don’t care about
the future).
2. Discuss and write down your arguments or
draw a poster proving your chosen stand.
3. Tell your classmates about your stand.
Explain and justify your choice.

▶ 1. Can you describe yourself in five words?

▶ 2. What would you most like to change in yourself?
▶ 3. What’s your motto?
▶ 4. How do you see yourself in 10 years’ time?
▶ 5. How do you see our planet in 10 years?

13
 SECTION 5

31
POETRY COMPE
you
TITION 3
your friend The International
young actors Librar y of Poetry
announced an Inte has just
young writers rnational Poetry
Competition.
young poets There will be eigh
young photographers t competitions th
open to all young is year
Competition number one will be poets. Anyone m
the competition si ay enter
interesting for me. I like taking pictures. mply by sending in
one original poem only
on any subject to
1
IX S3300
FUJIFILM FINEP
CAMER AS cool Fujifilm
u’ ll ge t th e be st pictures with this The poem should
Yo be no more than
era. lines, and the poet twenty
FinePix S3300 Cam mera case to keep
your ’s name and addres
so ge t a gr ea t ca be on the top of th s must
You’ll al e page. There is a
od as new. Prize (£1,200), ten Grand
camera looking go answering the Second Prizes (£75
w in , fi ll in th e grid (кроссворд), and 59 Third Priz 0 each)
To d. e presents. The po
ing the secret wor 70-prize winners ems of all
questions, and find word. will be published
and name the secr
et collection. Write as a
Dial: 0950-199601 and ask for furthe
r
information.

ENTER OUR WR 4
ITING 2
COMPETITION,
Win €1,000 and ge GODZILL A COMPETITION!
published. t your story dzilla was born
WIN a tour to the place where Go
Every month you
read true stories (the South Pacific) WITH
zine. Here’s your in our maga- la!!!
chance to tell your
story — or PLUS you can win your own Godzil
interview a friend
and write his / he sentence and
story must be betw r st ory. The Answer the question, complete the
een 750—2,000 w 09.
it must be true. Th ords, and the entry form. The deadline is 30.
e deadline (крайн
January 30. We’ll ий срок) is L IS GODZILL A?
choose a grand pr
ize winner Question: WHAT TYPE OF ANIMA
(€1,000 and his/ he
r story published) a
prize winner (€85
0) and a second pr
, a first Answer (tick one box): Godzilla is
(€500). The winne ize winner Reptile Fish
rs’ names will be Bird
in our May issue. announced in more than
Complete the following sentence
Send by e-mail yo n (почистил
ur story and your
name, ad- 12 words: I think Godzilla would clea
dress, phone num toothpaste
ber and age to бы) his teeth with
WRITING CONTE
ST, because
65, Old Kent Road
, London, UK .

Name Address
la
Send answers to: Whiteteeth Godzil
ttin gha m.
Competition, PO Box 500, No
14
Win tickets to see 5
33
DISNEY ON ICE [w] [h]
This autumn Disney on Ice returns to the UK
for the seventh year. Our 14 readers have a what while who
chance to see the wonderful show with their
where whale whom
family absolutely free. For the chance to win a
family ticket (for four people), just answer the why white whose
following simple question, fill in the form and
when wheat whole
send it to:
Disney on Ice which wheel
Competition
Shout Magazine
P.O. Box 503 34
London NW1 1TX

Good Luck!
1. What kind of competition was it?
2. When and where did it take place?
For how many years has Disney on Ice been 3. What did you do?
visiting Britain? 4. Did you win or lose?
Answer: 5. Did you enjoy the competition?
Name:
Address: try my chance, take part in / enter competition,
Age: be nervous / excited, get through to the final,
win / lose the competition, it’s worth trying,
Phone No:
be in / out of luck, too many participants, find
Signature of parent: new friends, enjoy participating

The deadline is October 31. Good luck!

32 35

1. For which competition (or competitions)

should you:
answer questions?
fill in an entry form?
write a story?
use the Internet?
call up somebody?
2. In which competition (or competitions)
could you win:
a family ticket?
€1,000?
a present? a tour?
a camera bag?
3. Which prize would you like to win? Why?

15
 SECTION 6

38
11; 13; 18; 20; 33; 94; 100; 5,000; 300,000
36 [əˈhʌndrɪd], [ˈtwenti], [ˈnaɪnti fɔ:], [ˈθɜ:ti
ˈθri:], [faɪvˈθaʊzənd], [ˌeɪˈti:n], [ˌθɜ:ˈtɪ:n],
100 — a (one) hundred
[ɪˈlevən], [θri: ˈhʌndrɪd ˈθaʊzənd]
102 — a (one) hundred and two
135 — a (one) hundred and thirty-five 39
200 — two hundred
300 — three hundred
1975 — My mother was born in 1975.
2000  — My family left (переехала) for
1,000 — a (one) thousand
Vologda in 2000.
1,001— a (one) thousand and one
1,100 — a thousand one hundred, or one
thousand one hundred, or eleven hundred
1,675 — a (one) thousand six hundred and
seventy-five
[ˈlʌndən]
2,000 — two thousand
Founded: 43
2,338 — two thousand three hundred and
Population: 8,500,000
thirty-eight
Area: 1,706.8 sq km
100,000 — a (one) hundred thousand
Rainfall: 600 mm
1,000,000 — a (one) million
Winter temperature: +15 °C
1,000,000,000 — a (one) billion
Summer temperature: +18 °C
1. Hundred, thousand, million не имеют
окончания мн. ч. “-s”, когда перед
ними стоят числительные two, three,
four и т. д.
[ˈmɒskəʊ]
2. Каждые три разряда справа налево
Founded: 1147
отделяются запятой: 1,975.
Population: 12,200,000
3. При счете от 1000 до 2000 англичане
Area: 2,511 sq km
нередко считают сотнями.
Rainfall: 700 mm
4. Годы читаются следующим образом:
Winter temperature: –10 °C
1945 — nineteen forty-five
Summer temperature: +20 °C
1812 — eighteen twelve
1700 — seventeen hundred
1904 — nineteen hundred and four (or
nineteen oh four)
2000 — two thousand
2012 — two thousand and twelve or
[ˈwɒʃɪŋtən]
twenty twelve
Founded: 1790
Population: 602,000
37 Area: 200 sq km
Rainfall: 1010 mm
156; 234; 375; 408; 591; 639; 702; 871; Winter temperature: +3 °C
948; 1,000; 1,723; 1,093; 2,568; 3,000; Summer temperature: +25 °C
5,000,000

16
 UNIT 1 Section 6

41 Just joking. Read and choose the funniest

40 Look at the facts about London,
joke.
Washington, Moscow, Wellington, Sydney,
Ottawa. Answer the questions. 1) Martin showed his daybook to his
grandfather. “When I was at school, I
1. Which city is the biggest / the smallest?
always had a ‘five’ in History and you have
2. Which city is the oldest / the youngest?
a ‘four’,” said the grandfather.
3. Which city is the driest / the wettest?
“You see, Grandad, when you were at
4. Which city has the coldest summer / the
school, history was shorter,” was the
warmest winter?
answer.
5. Which city has the biggest / smallest
population?
6.  What are these cities famous for? See the
Cultural Guide.

OTTAWA [ˈɒtəwə]
Founded: 1820 2) Teacher: Can you tell me anything about
Population: 883,000 the great chemists (химики) of
Area: 4,662 sq km the 17th century?
Rainfall: 943 mm Pupil: They are all dead.
Winter temperature: –9 °C
Summer temperature: +20 °C

WELLINGTON [ˈwelɪŋtən]
Founded: 1839
Population: 460,000 3) Teacher: How old is the person who was
Area: 290 sq km born in 1961?
Rainfall: 1,258 mm Pupil: Please, sir, is it a man or a woman?
Winter temperature: +16 °C
Summer temperature: +8 °C

SYDNEY [ˈsɪdnɪ]
Founded: 1788
Population: 4,800,000 4) Teacher: Where did Admiral Nelson win his
Area: 12,145 sq km last victory?
Rainfall: 1,217 mm Pupil: On page 127.
Winter temperature: +25 °C
Summer temperature: +15 °C

17
 SECTION 7

42
1. Who was the quiz about?
2. Who won this round: Keith or Lindsay?

Quiz master: His father was an English aristocrat. He was born in a palace. When his country needed
him, he was there.
Keith: Did he live in this century?
Quiz master: No, in the last one and the nineteenth century, too.
Lindsay: Was he a soldier?
Quiz master: No, he wasn’t a soldier.
Keith: Did he work in the government?
Quiz master: Yes, he worked in the government.
Lindsay: Was he a politician?
Quiz master: Yes, he was.
Keith: Was he Prime Minister during the Second World War?
Quiz master: Yes, he was Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945.
Lindsay: And his name was Winston Churchill.
Quiz master: That is correct. Well done!
Winston Churchill
43

44
Andrei Sakharov was born on 21 May, 1921 in Moscow. After graduating
from Moscow State University in 1942 he started his work in physics. By the
age of 32 he was one of the world’s most famous scientists who lived in Russia.
In 1953 A. Sakharov became the youngest academician in Russia. Unlike
many scientists A.  Sakharov realized advantages and disadvantages of
technical progress in modern world. And at the end of the 50s he decided
to devote himself to fighting against future atomic wars. He was also one
of those who founded the Moscow Committee on Human Rights.
He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975.
In December 1987 Sakharov participated in the International Conference
against atomic wars. The Conference took place in Moscow.
A. Sakharov started his official career as a member of Russian Parliament Andrei Sakharov
in 1987.
A.  Sakharov is the author of several books
on progress and freedom all over the world.
He died on the 14th of December, 1989.
Now, many years after A. Sakharov’s death
people still remember him and share his ideas.

45

1921 — he was born. 1987 — ... .

1975 — ... . 1989 — ... .
1942 — .... Leonardo William Peter I
1953 — .... Da Vinci Shakespeare

18
 UNIT 1 Section 7

46 Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions about any famous person you can see in the picture
in the bottom of the page. Use the quiz in Ex. 42 as a model.

GRAMMAR FOCUS: △ + △ING

47 Remember: these verbs are followed by verb + -ing.
enjoy 1. Her daughters enjoy dancing.
love 2. Stop talking!
like 3. Do you like driving?
hate 4. Have you finished cleaning your room?
+ doing
mind 5. I am afraid he’ll give up studying French.
stop 6. Would you mind opening the window?
finish 7. I love sitting in the garden.
give up 8. My little brother hates drinking hot milk.

48 Make up sentences.
I like(s) making friends playing jokes
My friend enjoy(s) speaking English shouting
My brother / sister stop(s) using computer watching video
My teachers gave up taking part in competitions asking silly questions
People don’t / doesn’t mind killing animals having a picnic
love(s) thinking up puzzles arranging a party
hate(s) playing computer games

49 Complete the sentences. 50 Make up sentences, using the verbs:

Example: At weekends I like reading enjoy, like, stop, love, give up, hate, finish,
magazines and newspapers. (read) mind and -ing.
1. Would you mind ... the door (close)? Example: learn English  — I enjoy learning
2. Is she going to give up ... tennis (play)? English.
3. I’ll have a cup of tea when I’ve finished ... 1. take pictures
the letter (write). 2. play computer games
4. The great painter enjoyed ... in this park 3. turn the radio down
(walk). 4. cry
5. She doesn’t like ... (travel). 5. make friends
6. Could you please stop ... (laugh)? 6. play with my dog
7. My nephew hates ... by heart (learn). 7. take part in competitions
8. lose
9. win

Mini-project:
Famous people

51 Follow these steps:

∙ Choose any famous person
∙ Find out the information about him / her
Indira on the Internet
Princess
Gandhi ∙ Write the biography of the person
Diana
(Use Ex. 44 as a model)
George Washington ∙ Present the biography to the class

19
 SECTION 8

52 56

Names of your
believes in doesn’t believe in
classmates
GOOD LUCK
1. Black cats are lucky. … … …
2. On the first day of the month it’s lucky to
say “white rabbits”.
3. Catch falling leaves in autumn and you’ll 57
have good luck. Every leaf means a lucky
month in the next year. ∙ Watch out!
4. If you see two magpies [ˈmæɡpaɪz] (соро- ∙ Be careful!
ки), you’ll be happy. ∙ Be careful! Never open an umbrella in the
house. — Don’t worry, I won’t.
BAD LUCK
∙ Don’t forget to say “white rabbits”
1. Never open an umbrella in the house.
tomorrow. It’ll be the first of February.  —
2. Never break a mirror — that means 7 years’
Don’t worry, I will.
bad luck.
∙ Watch out! Don’t break the mirror. — OK.
3. Don’t go past somebody on the stairs.
I’ll be careful.
4. The number 13 is very unlucky (and Friday
the 13th is a very unlucky date).
5. Don’t walk under a ladder [ˈlædə] (лест-
ница).

53

You look s... and tired. W... happened?

We were o... of l... yesterday.
It’s usually a very u... day, isn’t it?
But the other team w... . 58
Or maybe they don’t believe in s... .

54 ∙ Be careful! Keep your fingers crossed when

you answer the question. — OK. I will.
∙ Watch out! Don’t kill spiders before the
touch wood, cross fingers, wear a charm competition. — All right. I’ll be careful.
[ʧɑ:m] (амулет), kill a spider (паук), hate
the number 13, have horseshoe over the door,
look for a fourleaf clover [ˈkleʊvə] (клевер).

55

20
59

31 October is Hallowe’en. This festival celebrates the return

of the souls (душ) of the dead who come back to visit places
where they lived. In the evening there are lots of Hallowe’en
parties. People dress up as witches, ghosts, devils, cats or bats.
Houses are decorated with pumpk ins (тыквы) with candles
inside them. Some children follow the American custom called
“Trick or Treat”.
They knock at your house and ask, “Trick or treat?” If you
give some money or some sweets (a treat), they go away. If not,
they can play a trick on you, like splashing water in your face.
No Hallowe’en party is complete without a scary [ˈskeəri]
(страшная) story. Usually people crowd together around a fire
on Hallowe’en night. And one person tells a scary story in a low
voice.

60
1. Hallowe’en is on the … .
2. People dress up as … .
3. Houses are decorated with … .
4. Some children knock at the house and ask “…”.
5. If you don’t give any money or sweets, they … .
6. People usually tell ... on Hallowe’en night.

61
— Cut two eyes, a nose and a mouth on one side of the pumpkin.
— Cut the top and the bottom of the pumpkin.
— Take out the pulp (мякоть) from inside the pumpkin.
— Put “the head” over the candle and light the candle.
— Stand a candle in the bottom piece of the pumpkin.

62

21
 SECTION 9

63

By: phone, mobile phone (BrE), cell phone (AmE) computer / the Internet, skype
e-mail, letters / postcards

64
telegraph, elephant, telephone,
photographer, photo, physics,
ph
phrase, physical, dolphin
[f] gh enough, laugh, laughter, tough

f formal, careful, first, prefer, four

65
1. What means of communication were used to send messages over long distances long ago?
2. What gave a new beginning to the history of long-distance communication?

Thousands of years ago, men could send

messages over a long distance.
They used the light of fires at night and the
smoke of fires by day. They used the loud
sound of drums to send messages across the
great forests of Africa. These means of long-
distance communication were used for
centuries.
The long-distance communication changed
in 1832, when the electric telegraph was
invented by the Russian scientist P. L. Shilling.
The telegraph could not carry (переда-
вать) voices. People used a special code
(код) to send words over the telegraph.

22
 UNIT 1 Section 9

The telephone was invented by A. G. Bell, GRAMMAR FOCUS:

who was born in Scotland, in 1847. The first EACH OTHER / ONE ANOTHER
telephone was not at all like the one we use
today. The person who talked into it could not 68 Read and remember.
hear; and the person who heard could not talk. each other / one another
Some years later, there were telephones all (друг друга / друг другу / один другого)
over the world. Telephone lines became longer
and longer. In 1915 the first coast-to-coast Both expressions are used to talk about two
line was opened, from New York to San or more people or things. Some people prefer
Francisco. to use each other for two people or things,
The first telephone exchange (телефон-
and one another for more than two.
ная станция) opened in Moscow in 1882. At
that time it served 61 clients. Ten years later,
We know each other since 1980.
their number was 1400.
How do we communicate with each other?
Today we can talk across seas, oceans and
Members of hockey team help one another
continents: there is hardly a corner of civilized
in their game.
world that cannot be reached by telephone.

69 Put in each other or one another.

66 Complete the sentences:
1. Long ago men used different means of long-
distance communication: … .
2. The electric telegraph was invented by … .
3. People used a special code to … .
4. The person who talked into the first tele-
phone … .
5. Today we can talk across … .
1. Do you often write letters to ...?
2. I’ve got two true friends. We invite ... to our
birthday parties.
3. People should help ... in difficult situations.
4. All cities have much in common with ... .
5. My pet and I understand ... very well.
70 Listen and read the words.

67 Translate the words and word

combinations. Make up your own [k] с + consonant (согласная)
sentences using the words. c [k] ca, со, cu
[s] ce, ci, cy
with people
communicate
with each other
(друг с другом) [k] [s]
means of communication call became distance
(средства) by means of (с помощью) carry picture century
mean (означать What do you mean? card Scotland piece
что-либо) The dark clouds mean rain. computer electronic civilised
communicate fact necessary
telephone to ring up smb / a place communication culture receive
(звонить to phone smb / a place code curious bicycle
no телефону) to call up smb / a place coast cure city
to talk / speak to smb over / continent climate decide
on the telephone corner cross cinema
phone What’s your phone number?
(телефон, a phone card
звонить a phone box (телефонная 71 Look through the text of Ex. 65 once
no телефону) будка) again. Split the text into 3 independent parts.
mobile phone Give a gist of each part in one sentence.
Share your results with your classmates.

23
 SECTION 10

72

Mrs Smith: Hello!

Paul: Hello! This is Paul. ...
Mrs Smith: Hang on a moment, Paul. I’ll get him.
Steve: Hi, Paul! What’s up?
Paul: Hi, Steve! ... You answered the
questions for the World Teenagers’
Competition, didn’t you?
Steve: Yes, you helped me then. We both
tried our chances.
Paul: Well, we’ve won it! What luck!
Steve: ... It was a chance in a million. There
were so many participants. Really,
we’ve been lucky.
Paul: So get ready for the tour. We’ll have
an unforgettable trip.
Steve: Sure. ... and keep your fingers crossed.
Paul: OK. No problem.

Saying your name:

This is Helen. / It’s Martin here.
Asking to speak to someone:
Can I speak to Wendy, please?
Passing the call to the right person:
Hang on a moment, Jane. I’ll just get her.
Leaving a message:
Can you tell him Martin called?
Can you ask him to call me back?

73

1. Your elder brother Steve is playing computer

games in his room. His friend phones him.
Ask Steve to speak to his friend.
2. Your sister Ann is playing tennis in school.
Take a phone message from her friend.
3. You are at your friend’s party. Phone home
and tell your mother that you’ll come home
later.

74
Каждая цифра номера телефона произносится отдельно: 25916 — two five nine one six;
57402 — five seven four oh [əʊ] two; 38861 — three double [ˈdʌbəl] eight six one.

24
75
79

a) 82937 24508 15583 30053 1. Who wanted to speak to Jim?

68352 50475 48566 20277 2. What message was left?
3. What’s Pamela’s telephone number?
b) 2532608 2707714 1894730 4. Was Pamela at home?
3157691 7521633 4539836 5. Where did Alice invite Pamela?
76 80

Christie: Could you ask him to call me

back, please?
Mr Preston: Certainly, Christie.
Christie: Hello! It’s Christie. Can I speak
to Oliver, please?
Mr Preston: OK, Christie, I’ll give him the
message.
Christie: Thank you. Bye.
Mr Preston: Hello, Christie! I’m afraid Oliver
isn’t here at the moment.
Mr Preston: Bye!
Christie: Can you tell him Christie called?

81

82

a) to communicate with my friends, to relax,

77
— What’s your telephone number?
— 3150941.
78
b) waste of time, to have no time to do
The famous British red telephone box was
designed by Sir G. G. Scott in the 1920s and
1930s. In 1985, most of the red telephone
boxes were replaced (были заменены) by
modern ones. The people protested so much
that the old red boxes were put back (возвра-
щены) in London’s streets.
to receive important (useful) information,
to gossip (сплетничать), to phone for an
ambulance (police), to send and receive fax
messages or e-mail, to use the Internet, to
be a good friend for disabled and lonely
people, etc;
homework (to read, to help parents, to do
sports, to visit friends and relatives), can’t see
the eyes of the person you’re speaking to, etc.

25
 SECTION 11

83

fax telegram
telephone e-mail
telegraph skype call
the Internet fax message
phone call

84
1. Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⬜
2. Fax (machine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⬜ Clare (17)
3. E-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⬜
4. Telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⬜
5. Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⬜

The machine which is used for sending or

receiving copies of printed material, letters,
pictures etc along a telephone line.
An international network of computers. It
has electronic mail and provides a large
amount of information.
An electronic machine that can store (хра-
нить) and recall information, do many
processes on it.
A method of using computer for composing, Jason (12)
storing (хранение) and receiving messages
over electronic communication systems. 1
9
A system for sending or receiving speech
over long distances.
4
7
6

3
2

85
a computer, a keyboard, a mouse, a monitor, USB
flash drive, laptop, a screen, a disk, a CD-ROM
8
26
86
Clare (17): I really enjoy using my computer. It’s so interesting. I can make new
friends and chat with them on the Internet. Now I have two close friends
from Italy and Canada. Next summer we are going to meet in Paris and
spend a week together visiting museums and painting. Painting is our
hobby. Besides, the Internet helps me in my studies. I can find the
necessary information and ideas on the Internet and then use it in my
work.
Jason (12): I’m learning how to use the computer. It’s very important for me because I
want to be a computer programmer. I enjoy playing computer games. It’s
so exciting. Sometimes I am lucky and sometimes I am not, but I hate
losing and try my chances again and again.
Mr O’Neal (their father): Computers offer wonderful opportunities for everybody. But I think that
young people spend too much time using computers. They don’t have time
(and sometimes wish) for communication with their relatives and friends,
for reading, sport and other traditional hobbies. Computers are dangerous
and addictive (вызывают привыкание).
Mrs O’Neal (their mother): I hate computers. Children sit in front of them for hours. It’s bad for
their eyes. They can’t stop playing cruel and silly games. They become
nervous, angry and tired. Computers are a waste of time. Children use
them only for games and don’t really learn anything.

87

88

1. You are playing an interesting computer

game. But you haven’t done your
homework. Your mother is angry. She
wants you to stop playing.
2. Your friend is fond of computer games. He
spends all the time playing. Ask him to go
to the cinema / to play football in the
afternoon / to go to the school party.
Mr O’Neal
89

Doctors need telephones. People

can phone for ambulance or call the doctor.

90

Mrs O’Neal

27
 HOMEWORK

1 6

1. — Hi, Jim! Why are you so sad? A person who ... is helpful.
— I was ... yesterday. I ... my chess A person who ... is energetic.
competition. People who ... are Australians.
2. — Listen! Have you answered the questions People who ... are hospitable.
of the Teenagers’ Competition? Situations which ... are unforgettable.
— Not yet. But I’d like to ... chance and
to ... the competition. 7
— OK ... !
3. — Mum, do you think I should take part in I usually
our maths competition? When I am unhappy
arrange a party.
— Of course, you should. Don’t ... ! You
can go abroad absolutely free. It’s ... When my
... she often...
million. mum is
When my
2 she / he
English ...
I would like to win the Teenagers’ sometimes...
teacher is
Competition because I dream to visit some
English-speaking country next year. When adults they often have
...
1. I would like to improve my language are a picnic.
because... When ... is /
2. I am looking for a chance to visit an … …
are
English-speaking country because...
3. I would like to see myself in ten years’ time 8
because...
4. I dream of making a lot of new friends I would like to change my name...
because... to become strong...
5. I hope to win Round-the-World tour to be taller...
because... to have... to be...

to have a chance — to have no

chance
to be in luck — ...
to win a competition — ...
to try your chance — ...
to lose a game — ...
to be interesting — ...
to have the same opinion — …
to disagree with — ...

5 9

28
10 13

1. Martin is optimistic about the future

because...
2. Isabel is afraid of the future because...
3. Phil doesn’t care about the future because...
4. Helen is looking forward to the future
because...
will get a great camera case — полу-
чит замечательный футляр для фотоаппа-
рата

11
phone number — номер телефона

1. Я думаю, что через 10 лет компьютеры 14

будут все контролировать.
2. Надеюсь, что в будущем будут изобре- 15
тены средства от СПИДа и рака.
3. Мне безразлично, что случится в буду- 156 — a (one) hundred and fifty-six.
щем. Какой смысл думать об этом сей-
16
час?
4. Я не боюсь будущего. Я думаю, что
люди будут добрее и во многих облас-
тях науки наступит прогресс. What’s the name of your place (village / town /
5. Кто ответственен за загрязнение окру- city)?
жающей среды, болезни, войны и When was it founded?
опасные технологии? What is its population?
6. Мне бы хотелось изменить этот мир к What is the typical temperature in winter /
summer?
лучшему.
Any other geographical or historical facts...

17

18

19

20
I stopped playing ice hockey this
autumn because I had a problem with my right
knee.
1. What did you stop doing this autumn?
2. What would you like to start doing after
the New Year?
3. What do you hate doing at home?
4. What would you give up doing in future?

21
12
Good luck: Eating bus ticket which has the same
figures in the beginning and in the end of it.
Bad luck: Breaking a mirror.

29
 22 26
1.  They didn’t understand ... . 2.  We’d like to
1. — ... to catch falling leaves! talk to … . Could you wait for us a few minutes?
— Why? 3. The twins usually live with ... and help … .
— You’ll have a...! 4. Why are you looking at ...? Would you like
to tell me anything? 5. In a team people have
2. — Watch out! ...
to support … . 6. Do you write letters to ...? —
— I know. It means 7 year’s bad luck.
Not very often. 7.  Language helps us to
3. — Don’t ... a ladder! communicate with … .
— Don’t worry, I won’t.
27
23
The British celebrate Hallowe’en ... the 31 2573314  — two five seven double
... October. They believe that ... that day the three one four.
souls ... the dead return ... places ... where they
lived. People decorate their houses ...
28
pumpkins, dress ... as witches, ghosts, devils,
cats or bats. ... the evening there are a lot ...
Hallowe’en parties.
It’s hard to imagine a party ... a scary story
told ... a low voice ... Hallowe’en night.

24

Physics, fireplace, telephone, first, through,

enough, Africa, photographer, giraffe, myself,
off, laugh, phrase, tough, performance,
nephew, scientific, telegraph, though, soft,
phone, fantastic

25

to talk across seas

to talk a special code 29

to become clients About ten years ago telephone was the only
to invent longer and longer means ... communication which people could
use ... their home. ... present computers make
to use across seas
our life much more comfortable. Now we can
to send a coast-to-coast line send messages ... each other ... fax, e-mail or
to carry long messages communicate ... the Internet. Those who have
to open the electric telegraph the Internet can communicate not only ...
people. They can get ... information ... any
to serve by telephone
library all over the world.
to reach words over the telegraph
smoke of fires 30
voices
for centuries
Advantages: you can make new friends...
long-distance Disadvantages: you don’t have time for real
communication communication with your friends...

30
 KEY VOCABULARY

Nouns: Verbs: Expressions and word combinations:

chance believe be in / out of luck
communication hate by means of
competition lose each other
luck mind Good luck!
means phone have (no) chance
phone / mobile phone win It’s a chance in a million.
planet mean It’s worth doing smth.
tour winner means of communication
USB flash drive Adverbs / Adjectives miss one’s chance
lucky once more
twice one another
unlucky take one’s chance
try one’s chance
waste of time

PROGRESS CHECK

1 3) the history of the main symbol.

a) Where is the conversation taking place?
1) At home
2) In a shop
3) In a classroom
b) Jack is...
1) Linda’s close friend.
2) Linda’s distant relative.
3) a friend of Linda’s friend.
c) The speaker CAN’T use his computer
because
1) the doctor says he cannot.
2) the computer has got a virus.
3) his friend has borrowed it.
d) The poetry competition is going to take
place
1) in the summer.
2) in the autumn.
3) in the winter.
Points
2 the sight that he decided to show this
1) the typical holiday presents.
2) the holiday food tradition.
4) the colours of the holiday.
5) a celebration in the countryside.
6) a cookery sports competition.
A. Orange and black is a great match. We
often associate them with Hallowe’en.
Traditionally, orange is a symbol of energy
and warmth. Orange, brown and gold
remind us of autumn and the harvest. Black
is a universal symbol of darkness and
death. They are used a lot in Hallowe’en
celebrations because once it was a festival
that marked the line between life and
death.
B. In our imagination Christmas always goes
together with a nicely decorated Christmas
tree. It is believed that the first person to
decorate a Christmas tree was Martin
Luther, the Protestant reformer. It hap-
pened in the 16th century. According to
the legend, Martin Luther once saw the
/4
stars shining between the branches of a fir
tree. He was so impressed by the beauty of
wonderful image to his children. So he
brought home a green tree and decorated it
with candles.
C. They are popular in England and are held
there every year. There are usually several
participants and each of them receives a

31
 frying pan with a pancake. They have to
run, throwing the pancake into the air. The
aim is to reach the finishing line without
dropping the pancake. It is not easy at all to
catch a hot pancake with the frying pan.
The winner is the first who crosses the
finishing line.
D. People who take St Valentine’s Day
seriously think about their gifts in
advance  — the usual Valentine’s Day gifts
include flowers, chocolates, and teddy
bears. Many years ago, Valentine’s cards
and gifts were sent anonymously. Nowadays
people usually write their names on their
cards and gifts.
E. Nowadays, many English country towns
and villages still celebrate May Day as was
done in pre-Roman times. After the cold
winter, people welcome the coming of
warm and sunny summer. Traditionally,
they dance around the maypole, perform
the famous Morris dance and choose a May
Queen. At the end of the village green party
everyone enjoys a huge bonfire.
F. One of the most famous British holiday
dishes is figgy pudding, also known as
Christmas pudding. It is a bit richer than
the usual pudding. Figgy pudding includes
fruit, nuts, spices and black treacle. It is
usually topped with liqueur. According to
tradition,  all members of the family take
part in making the pudding. One by one
they stir the the pudding and make wishes.
Sometimes the wishes come true.
Information 1 2 3 4 5 6
tion and the Competition for Young Math-
ematicians. Are you interested in both?
B: No. Only the first one. The Geographical
Competition.
A: Fine. It’s meant for students between 13
and 15.
B: I’m turning 14 in three months.
A: Well, it’s right for you then. To register as
a participant you need to fill in the form.
You can do it either in our office, or just
complete the registration form on our site.
B: The on-line registration is more convenient.
I live pretty far from you. In Basildon.
A: Oh, yes, Basildon. It takes more than half
an hour by train to get to London from
there, doesn’t it?
B: Something around that.
A: Well, if you have any difficulty in filling in
the registration form, call us for help any
time.
B: Fine. Thanks. In fact, I’m on your site at
the moment. What does the line the day of
the week mean?
A: Oh, the competition is going to be held as a
written competition. We arrange it in three
streams: On Monday, Wednesday, and Sat-
urday. You can choose the day that is more
convenient for you.
B: Monday, then. I play football on Wednes-
days and Saturdays. Don’t want to miss
the games.
A: Sure. Write Monday. And please do not for-
get to fill in the line with your contact infor-
mation. Write either your email address or
your phone number so that we can contact
you if we need some more details…

Texts Name

Age
Points /6
Where you live
(city/town)
3
A: Good morning! It’s the education centre. The name of the
Monika Lasota speaking. competition you want
B: Hi. I’m Andrew Pitt. to take part in
A: Yes, Andrew. How can I help you?
B: I just want to find out about the competi- The day of the week
tion for school students.
A: Right. We are holding two competitions
Points /5
next month. The Geographical Competi-

32
 4 5

Dear guests! Today we are going to visit

Leeds… Student A Student B

Name Leeds Start the conversation.

of the place Say who you are and
that you want to talk
to Ann.
Main the third largest city in UK;
characteristics cultural, commercial
and financial centre Say that Ann is not
at home, offer to take
Location Yorkshire, England, 310 km a message for her.
northwest of London
Ask to inform Ann
that you want to invite
Population about 758,000
her to a concert.
Give the details
History was founded in the 5th of the concert (kind
century as a small settlement; of music, where, when).
became a market town
in the 16-18th centuries; Ask questions if
in the 19th century was a wool necessary. Make sure
manufacturing centre you’ve got all the
details of the concert
The tourist Leeds City Museum (kind of music, where,
attraction (free entry); a great exhibition when). Promise to give
to visit during about the ancient world and Ann the information.
the excursion wildlife, history of Leeds
Complete
the conversation.

Mark your score

For tasks 1—3, you can get 15 points.

15—14 points — Well done!
13—12 points — Good!
11—9 points — You can do better!
8 points or less — Revise and try again!

Tasks 4 and 5 should be evaluated by your teacher.

2
SECTION 1

1
I
Marina: How do you do? My name is Marina
Alekseeva. en to anybody
The competition was op
Patrick: Pleased to meet you. My name is Patric the age of 15.
over the age of 10 up to
Woodgriff. lists of the
Today we meet the fina
Marina: Where are you from? ’ Competition
International Teenagers
Patrick: I’m from Britain. I am the host of this
conference. And you? Where are you from?
Marina: I’m from the Russian Federation. I live ve
in Tambov.
Patrick: Oh, I know, it’s a town in central Russia.
II
Patrick: Hi, Liza! How are you?
Liza: Fine, thanks. How are you?
Patrick: Fine, fine. Let me introduce my neighbour.ur.
This is Roy Mill from Canada.
Liza: Pleased to meet you, Roy. I’m Liza Carey.
Patrick: Pleased to meet you, Liza. Where do you come
me
from?
Liza: From Boston. I’m from the United States.

Liza Carey Patrick Woodgriff

Grade 7
School No 3
Boston
USA Great Britain

Roy Mill Marina Alekseeva

For m 6
Secondary school No 15
Tambov
Canada Russia

34
4

Portugal [ˈpɔ:ʧʊɡəl] China [ˈʧaɪnə] Germany [ˈʤɜ:məni]

Belguim [ˈbelʤəm] Norway [ˈnɔ:weɪ] Denmark [ˈdenmɑ:k]
Japan [ʤəˈpæn] Sweden [ˈswi:dn] Switzerland [ˈswɪtsələnd]
Finland [ˈfɪnlənd] the Netherlands [ˈneðələndz] Turkey [ˈtɜ:ki]
Poland [ˈpəʊlənd] Bulgaria [bʌlˈɡeəriə] Brazil [brəˈzɪl]
Spain [speɪn] France [frɑ:ns] Armenia [ɑ:ˈmi:niə]
the UK [ˌju: ˈkeɪ] the USA [ˌju: es ˈeɪ] Georgia [ˈʤɔ:ʤə]
New Zealand [nju: ˈzi:lənd] Canada [ˈkænədə] Greece [ɡri:s]
Mexico [ˈmeksɪkəʊ] India [ˈɪndiə] Hungary [ˈhʌŋɡəri]
Russia [ˈrʌʃə] Egypt [ˈi:ʤɪpt] Italy [ˈɪtəli]

5
1. We don’t normally use “the” with the Cities Countries
names of places:
☐ in Germany
continents Moscow ☐ in Hungary
☑ in Russia
Europe, North America, South America,
Africa, Asia, Australia, Antarctica ☐ in Italy
Los Angeles ☐ in Spain
countries ☐ in the USA

France, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, ☐ in Finland

America, Brazil Oslo ☐ in Norway
☐ in Sweden
cities/towns
☐ in Japan
Samara, Sophia, Kiev, Anapa, Obninsk Sydney ☐ in Australia
☐ in China
2. We use “the” in names with “republic”,
“kingdom”, “states”, “federation”: ☐ in Portugal
the Russian Federation Paris ☐ in France
the Czech [ʧek] Republic ☐ in Switzerland
the United Kingdom (the UK)
the United States (the USA) ☐ in the Netherlands
Remember: the Netherlands Amsterdam ☐ in Belgium
the Ukraine [ju:ˈkreɪn] ☐ in Greece

3. Don’t forget “the”: ☐ in Canada

Beijing [ˌbeɪˈʤɪŋ] is the capital of China. Wellington ☐ in New Zealand
Canberra is the capital of Australia. ☐ in Denmark

35
 SECTION 2

7
8
Egypt, Australia, Antarctica, Greece, Italy,
China, the USA, Russia.
The Atlantic, Africa, Portugal, Baikal, the
Thames, South America, the Pacific, Belgium,
the Great Wall of China — Великая Китай- the Volga, China, the Nile, Australia, the
ская стена North Sea, Europe, India, Norway, the
penguins [ˈpeŋɡwɪnz] — пингвины Amason, Japan, the Netherlands, the Niagara
the Pyramids [ˈpɪrəmɪdz] — пирамиды River / Niagara Falls, Asia, the Black Sea,
Olympic [əˈlɪmpɪk] Games — Олимпийские the Arctic, Switzerland, the Yellow Sea
игры
kangaroos [ˌkæŋɡəˈru:z] — кенгуру countries …
churches [ˈʧɜ:ʧɪz] — церкви
skyscrapers [ˈskaɪˌskreɪpəz] — небоскребы seas and oceans …
Colosseum [ˌkɒləˈsi:əm] — Колизей continents …
rivers and lakes …

Alison is from ... .

I think so because she...

10

— well-known people: writers, artists, poets,

composers, sportsmen, businessmen,
doctors, inventors...
— museums, art galleries, university, plants /
factories, shops, beautiful buildings,
stadiums...
— beautiful countryside, large forests, high
mountains, deep lakes...

11

36
12
15
the English = the people of England
— Which language do people speak in China?
the French = the people of France
— In China people speak Chinese.
the Russians = the people of Russia
the Italians = the people of Italy
Portuguese Hungarian English
the Germans = the people of Germany
Chinese Bulgarian Finnish
Japanese Italian Spanish
The Germans are famous for
Armenian Swedish
having a sweet tooth.
Dutch Norwegian Turkish
French Georgian Polish
Russian Danish
Arabic 16
German Irish
Greek

Hindi I believe, the Russians are hospitable

Maori and friendly.

13 hospitable, talkative, hard-working, indepen-

dent, sociable, shy, non-talkative, serious,
☐ Russian ☐ Chinese ☐ Hindi reserved, conservative, romantic...
☐ Spanish ☐ English
Which language do most people speak in the
world?
Which is the most popular second language in
the world?

14 17

George: Excuse me, where are you from?

I’m from Finland. This country is
famous for its beautiful nature. In Finland
people speak Finnish. Most people speak good
English, too.
Mark: I’m from Hungary. And this is my
friend Paula.
George: Pleased to meet you, Paula.
Paula: Pleased to meet you too, George.
Mark: Paula is from Italy. She lives in
Rome. Do you speak Italian?
George: I’m afraid, I don’t. I speak only two
foreign languages: French and Ger-
man. Actually I prefer speaking Ger-
man. I know it much better than
French.
Mark: Really? Paula speaks German, too.
And her German is quite good. As
for me, I don’t speak German, but
I can understand what people say.
Paula: That’s great! We can have a good
time practising our German.

37
 SECTION 3

19
18

1. What countries are marked?

What languages are easily understood in any
2. What main languages do people speak in
part of the world?
those countries?
What languages are often spoken at
3. Which of their capitals do you know?
international conferences and seminars? What
languages are most often used in the Internet
communication?

20
1. In what countries is English
spoken as a first language?
2. How many countries have
English as a second language?
3. Is English spoken by people
who have other mother
tongues?
4. What proportion of students in
our country study English at
school?
5. What do native speakers of
English think about foreigners
who speak English?
1 2 3 4 5 known that English is spoken (as a first language) in
a) People in 30 countries speak English as a second lan-
guage.
b) How popular is English in Russia? About 80 per cent of
Russian students choose English as their first foreign
language at school though German, French, Spanish,
Chinese, Japanese are popular as well.
c) Some British think that English spoken in the world by
people of other nationalities is not real English. It’s
global English.
d) English is spread among the people who have other
mother tongues.
e) At the moment English is internationally recognized by
the world community as one of the languages more of-
ten spoken by people in various parts of the world. It is
Australia, the Bahamas, Canada, the Republic of Ire-
land, Guyana, the Caribbean Islands (Jamaica, Barba-
dos, Trinidad, etc), New Zealand, the United Kingdom,
the United States.

38
21 24
1. Have you talked to the lady ... lives on the
ground floor?
In 1887 a new language was invented by Dr 2. Has Andrew bought the book ... he wanted?
Zamenhof, who was born in Poland. He lived 3. I like the blouse ... I am wearing.
a great part of his life in Russia. This new 4. These are the flowers ... we have grown in
language was called Esperanto. It was a our garden.
mixture of a number of European languages 5. It was a wonderful film. It is the best film...
and it had a very simple grammar. Dr I’ve seen recently.
Zamenhof believed that lots of people would 6. What have you done with the money ... she
speak the new language as a second language. gave us?
It was very easy to learn and rich enough to 7. The people ... have arranged the competi-
express thoughts and feelings. tion care about our future.
But the language has not been very popular or
successful. Russia is one of the countries where 25
Esperanto is still alive. Today only a small
number of people in the world can speak it.
☐ simple grammar
22 ☐ few words
1. Why do you think Esperanto didn’t become ☐ short words
popular in the world? ☐ international words
2. What other artificial languages (invented ☐ simple pronunciation
by people) have you heard of? ☐ no transcription
☐ simple reading (no special reading rules)
☐ fixed word stress

26

there, won, write, eye, one, weak, here,

through, too, week, peace, threw, right,
no, piece, I, hour, know, see, two, our,
hear, sea, meat meet, their

23 27

that, who, which

[wʌn] [ˈaʊə] [hɪə] [raɪt] [θru:] [tu:]
[aɪ] [ðeə] [si:] [pi:s] [nəʊ] [wi:k]
1. Have you seen the boy who / that won
the competition?
2. Look! Here are the students who / that
we spoke to yesterday.
3. This is the computer which / that I’d like
to have.
28
4. Name the languages which / that Mr
Dean knows. What does your name mean?
Where does it come from? (Greek, German,
who / that = people French, Russian...)
which / that = animals and things Why did your parents give you your name?
Share the results of your research.

39
 SECTION 4

29 31

1. What are they? (make a list)

2. What are their capitals? (make a list)
3. Are there any other languages spoken in
those countries? What are they?
4. What do you know about traditions in any
Hi! I’m from Canada,
of the English-speaking countries? the
t second largest coun
try
30 in
i the world. It’s nearly
as
big
b as all of Europe.
My
ccountry shares with
the
US
U A seven of the world
1. one of the most powerful countries in the ’s
lar
l gest lakes and also
world; Roy ha s
th
t ree of the world
2. one of the most advanced countries in the ’s
longest rivers.
world; The capital of Cana
da is Ottawa. In
3. the third largest population in the world; Canada there are peop
le of many nationalities.
4. the financial and cultural centre; There are two off ici
al languages in my
5. the second important language; country, English and Fr
ench. English spoken
6. the second largest country in the world; in Canada is a bit
dif ferent from Br itish
7. the official emblem of...; English: there are so
me pronunciation an
8. the country consists of two islands; grammatical dif ference d
s.
9. the official language; The red and white Ca
nadian flag shows а
10. the world’s seventh biggest city. leaf of the maple tree,
which grows in North
America. The maple lea
f is the off icial emblem
of Canada.

e of the most
or the Un ite d St ates of America. It’s on
I’m from the US A, Atlantic
co un tri es in the wo rld. It stretches from the
powerful and advanced d from Canada in the
Pa cif ic Ocean in the west an
Ocean in the ea st to the shington, though
so uth . Th e ca pital of the USA is Wa
north to Mex ico in the l and cultural
Ne w Yo rk. Th is fam ous city is the financia
some people thin k it’s
centre of the USA. l melting
lar ge st po pu lat ion in the world. It’s a rea
The USA has the third my country is known as
American English.
e sp ok en in
pot. The Engli sh lan gu ag n English. For
David fer en ce s be tw ee n Br itish and America
There are some dif ilman, the
in is a mo vie in Am erica, a postman is a ma
example, a film in Br ita US.
itis h En gli sh ca n be easily understood in the
g Br
ay. But people speakin
underground is the subw nt lan gu ag e in the United States is Sp
anish.
ond im po rta
No problem! The sec
“In God We Tr ust”.
My country’s motto is

40
 UNIT 2 Section 4

l and
I’m from a smal
in the
quiet countr y
y co tr y
un I’m from the United
Pacific Ocean. M
o main Kingdom of Great Britain
consists of tw
e smaller and Northern Ireland.
islands and som
Zealand. Usually it is shortened to
islands. It’s New
s like Italy the United Kingdom or
My countr y look
Yonne Zealand UK, or Great Britain. My
upside down. New
ance from countr y is an island state.
is the same dist
cow. W hen it’s Patrick It’s one of the world’s
ia as L on don is from Mos
A us tr al Zealand. smallest countries  — it’s
er in E ur op e, it’s winter in New
sum m — in
ho ol ye ar st ill star ts in autum n  twice as small as France or Spain. However,
But the sc bed in Europe, countr ies with more
it’s time to go to there are only nine other
Febr uary! W hen y. people, and London is the world’s seventh
ork in my countr
it’s time to go to w la nd is Wellington. biggest city.
ca pi ta l of N ew Zea
T he ed. Some In Britain you can meet people of many
pu la tio n of m y countr y is mix
The po Some Maori
Britain years ago. different nationalities.
people came from British came. The capital of the UK is London. The official
here before the
people had lived and Maori. language is English. Do you know that English
fic ia l la ng ua ges are English
Our of l way in is made up of Anglo-Saxon, French and Latin?
lis h is sp ok en in a very unusua
But E ng i English.
is often called K iw It also includes a lot of words from Greek and
New Zealand. It lled “The other languages, even Russian.
is sometimes ca
New Zealand s for its
ld ’s B ig ge st Fa rm”. It is famou
Wor
cheese, meat.
products: butter,

My country is the
biggest island and the
continent in the world smallest
. Of course, you’ve
Australia. Australia is guessed, it’s
the on ly country in the
occupies a whole conti world which
nent and some islands
lies between the Indian aro und it. It
and the Pacif ic Oceans
country, but its populat . It’s a large
ion is on ly 18.3 million
There are “original Au people.
Laura stralians” who lived he
ago but most of populat re long
ion came to Australia fro
Ireland and other co m Britain,
Australia there are a lot untries years ago. At
of people from Russia. present in
English is the off icial lan The capital of Australia
guage in Australia. Bu is Canberra.
a bit dif ferent from Br itis t English spoken in Au
h English and America stralia is
called “Oz” or “the Lu n English. Sometimes
ck y Country”. Au stralia is

41
UNIT 2 Section 4

32 Read the names of the capitals of the English-speaking countries. Fill in the gaps.
Listen and check if you were right.
Name of the country Official language
Capital
Full name Short name or languages

… … Ottawa …
… … Canberra …
… … Washington …
The United Kingdom of The United Kingdom / London English
Great Britain and Northern the UK / Great Britain
Ireland
… … Wellington …

33 Share information with your classmates 37 Tell about Russia in the same way.
who have read the texts about other English- Use the information in the box.
speaking countries. Use the questions Don’t forget to mention:
as a plan: ∙ the continent ∙ official language
1. Where is it situated? ∙ the capital or languages
2. What’s its population? ∙ big cities ∙ weather
3. What’s its capital? ∙ the population
4. What’s its official language (or languages)?

34 Match the countries and the word

combinations corresponding to them.
Some facts about Russia
Great Britain ∙ Italy upside down
Area: 17,125,407 sq km
Australia ∙ an island state Population: 146,267,288 people
New Zealand ∙ an island state Capital: Moscow
Other big cities: St Petersburg, Novosibirsk,
The USA ∙ the second largest
Ekaterinburg, Rostov-on-Don, Nizhny
country in the world
Novgorod, Kazan, etc
Canada ∙ a real melting pot Official language: Russian
Winter temperature: from –1 to –50  °C
35 Find pairs of words that have similar Summer temperature: from +1 to +40 °C
meanings. Read them. Rainfall: from 100 to 1000 mm

big, little, country, peoples, various, powerful,

a capital, famous, nearly, also, population, at
present, twice, many, to start

a lot of, small, state, nationalities, strong,

people, well-known, to begin, too, different,
about, two times, now, a main city, large

36 Say which English-speaking country

you’d like to visit. Give your reasons.

42
SECTION 5
38
Patrick: Have you ever spoken at a large
meeting?
Marina: Yes, I have.
Patrick: When did it happen?
Marina: At the end of the last school year. It
was a meeting with our exchange
partners from the UK.
Patrick: Did you speak Russian or English?
Marina: I spoke English. But it was not easy.
***
Patrick: Have you ever spoken at an
international meeting?
Sergei: I’m sorry to say I haven’t. I have
never been to any international
meetings before.
Patrick: So it’s the first time you are doing it
today, isn’t it?
Sergei: Yes, it is. I’m a little nervous. Russian
is the only language I speak really
well.
Patrick: It will be OK. Good luck!
Sergei: Thank you.
39
She has neither brothers nor sisters. =
She is the only child in her family.
1. Alice is the only child in her family.
2. I’m afraid, it’s the only solution to the
problem.
3. You are the only person I can share my
secrets with.
4. He’s the only singer with such a fantastic
voice, isn’t he?
5. Which is the only country in the world
that occupies a whole continent?
40
— Have you got a sister or a brother?
— Unfortunately I have neither a sister nor
a brother.
***
— Do you speak German or French?
— I speak neither German nor French.
I speak English.
***
— Have you been to Asia?
— I haven’t travelled much. But I visited
China.
43
 41

42

∙ About 25% of the world’s population speak English.

∙ Doctors and scientists try to answer the same questions all over the world. They
find it easy to exchange their ideas in English.
∙ English has become a means of communication within some countries where
different groups of people speak different languages. For example, in India there
are 15 official languages and thousands of dialects. People from different parts of
the country often do not speak each other’s language. English is the only solution
to their communication problems.
∙ English is called the language of the sky and the sea. Every pilot and ship’s captain
must speak English to communicate with each other.
∙ Most vocabulary in the modern computer science is in English. 80% of all
information in the world’s computers is in English.
∙ English is the language of politicians. English along with French and German is
spoken at their summit meetings. Most international journalists have to know
English, too.
∙ 75% of all international business letters are written in English. Nearly 50% of the
companies communicate with each other in English.
∙ English is the language of rock and pop music. Most of world-known singers sing
their songs in English.
∙ US and British companies produce thousands of films, videos and TV programmes
every year. They are shown all over the world with subtitles and dubbing.

1 2 3

4 5 6

44
43
46

44
Reason / Purpose for learning
Name
English
Michael …
45
Hans …

Janis …

Alice, you learn English because

you want to study abroad, don’t you?
∙ want to go to an English-speaking country
as a tourist
∙ have to learn it as a school subject
∙ would like to get a better job in future
∙ enjoy watching American films
∙ like reading English and American literature
∙ would like to understand modern pop
singers.
47
Nouns ending with -tion, -sion, -er, -or,
-ment, -ity, -ist, -once, -ence, -ing.
-tion, -sion — information, solution,
superstition, impression;
-ment — development, government,
statement;
-ity, -ty — curiosity, reality, honesty;
-er, -or — partner, teenager, creator;
-ance, -ence — performance, distance,
influence;
-ist — dentist, chemist, journalist;
-ing — feeling, crossing, meeting,
computing.

7
48

-tion / -sion -er / -or -ment

… … …

-ity -ance / -ence -ing

8 … … …

49

number of people
the origin
speaking Russian

9 close languages ...

45
 SECTION 6

51

1. Great people are the only ones

who can learn many foreign
languages.
2. All kinds of specialists need
foreign languages in their work.
3. If a person only speaks his mother
tongue, he’ll know all the news
in his field.
50
4. To be up to date in the work
a person should read texts in
Esperanto on the Internet.
5. Learning a third foreign language
Of course, you know some people who is easier than learning a first
speak more than one language. We must not foreign language.
think that only great people can learn many 6. You must work hard to learn your
foreign languages. first foreign language.
In modern times, when science and
technical knowledge are progressing so fast, 52
all kinds of specialists need foreign lan-
guages in their work — teachers and doctors, foreign language
politicians and actors, engineers and first / second language
language
businessmen, and people of many other to speak a language / French
professions. to learn a language
If a person doesn’t know foreign languages,
to be successful in / to succeed in
if he or she must wait for translations, he can’t success
a successful performance
hope to know all the news in his field. If he
can’t use a computer, read the texts in English
on the Internet and communicate with his
partners by computer, he can hardly hope to
be up to date in his work. 53
Very soon he will be months and even years [ŋ] [ɡ] [ʤ]
behind the times.
language great language
“But,” you will say, “how can I hope to
beginning progress engineer
learn so much? I have enough difficulty
kingdom guess knowledge
learning one language.”
English magazine German
The answer is that when we have learned
meeting grown-ups badge
one foreign language, learning a second
sing against advantage
foreign language is much easier. Learning a
learning change
third foreign language is much easier than [n]
speaking large
learning the second, and so on.
long foreign January
There are many people all over the world
among knife jeans
who have discovered this secret. They know
singers enough July
that success in foreign language learning is
ringing knight vegetables
connected not only with a person’s natural
finger sign legend
talent. You must work hard to learn your first
know bridge
foreign language. After the first, other
magic
languages are a much easier task.

46
 54 59

1. Why is the knowledge of foreign languages

so important in our times? 60
2. What characteristics should a person have
to be successful in learning foreign The easiest way to learn a foreign language is:
languages? — to have a good textbook
— to have a good teacher
55 — to go to an English-speaking country
— to have an English-speaking friend
— to chat on the Internet
56 — to phone your friends abroad
— to read English books and youth magazines
— to read labels and instructions on
57 everything you buy
— to watch videos and films in English
— Which language is the most popular among — to listen to the radio and TV musical
your friends? programmes
— Which language is the least popular among
your friends?

Names
Lena Dima Ivan
Languages
English ✓
German
French ✓
Spanish
Chinese
Other
61

58
How big is your new house? — Как велик..? — There is no one to speak with in everyday
Насколько велик..? life.
How long does it take you to get to your — I am not good at remembering new words.
school? — Сколько (по времени)..? — I’m lazy.
How long is her hair? — Какой длины..? — I have no time to learn English, I’ve got too
How far have you made progress in English? — many different things to do.
Насколько продвинулся..? — Any other reason?
How high is the mountain? — Какой высо-
ты..?
How smart is the new pupil in your form? —
Насколько умен..?
How safe is travelling by boat this time of
the year? — Насколько безопасно..?
How many exams will you take at the end of
the year? — Сколько..?
How much sugar would you like? — Сколько..?
How old are you? — Сколько ... лет?

47
 SECTION 7

62

to be awarded a prize (быть награжденным)

(to) award the award ceremony (церемония награждения)
(an) award the award for smth goes to (награда за что-либо достается кому-то)
[əˈwɔ:d]
to collect stamps / postcards / coins (собирать марки...)
to collect oneself to do smth (организовать себя, чтобы сделать что-то)
(to) collect
to collect your thoughts (собраться с мыслями)
to collect tickets from the teacher (забрать у учителя билеты)

63

“I wanted to study an exotic language,” Tylo

Dirksmeyer said after the award ceremony. He
speaks German, French and has been learning
Russian for three years. He said he had plans to
continue studying Russian. The best way to do
it is by staying in Russia.

Teenagers from 28 countries had the opportunity to communicate

with people in Russian during the 10-day Olympiad. It was the
Ninth International Olympiad of the Russian language and
Literature for schoolchildren. It brought to Moscow 215 young
people aged 8 to 19 who studied Russian as a foreign language.
The first competition took place in 1974.

A German teenager Tylo Dirksmeyer was one of the winners of the

International Olympiad. When a Russian professor called his name, he
jumped up and ran to the stage of the Moscow Pushkin Institute to collect
a gold medal for his excellent Russian language skills.

Some of the most talented older participants of the Olympiad will be given
stipends and the opportunity to study anything — not necessarily Russian
language — at any Russian college.

Participants
i t hhadd tto show
h th
their
i reading
di andd conversational
ti l skills,
kill their
th i
knowledge of Russian culture, and write an essay. A special textbook was
put together by the Pushkin Institute for the Olympiad. There were passages
from classic and modern Russian writers in the textbook.

48
64
1. Is your own Russian good? What would you like to do in Russian lessons?
2. How does good knowledge of Russian help you to study English?

65

Мороз и солнце; день чудесный! Snow, frost and sunshine... Lovely morning!
Еще ты дремлешь, друг прелестный — Yet you, dear love, its magic scorning,
Пора, красавица, проснись: Are still in bed... Awake, my sweet!..
Открой сомкнуты негой взоры Cast sleep away, I beg, and, rising,
Навстречу северной Авроры, Yourself a northern star, the blazing
Звездою севера явись! Aurora, northern beauty, meet.
*** ***
Вся комната янтарным блеском A mellow glow like that of amber
Озарена. Веселым треском Illumes the room... ’tis good to linger
Трещит затопленная печь. Beside the gaily crackling stove,
Приятно думать у лежанки. And think and dream... But let our honest
Но знаешь, не велеть ли в санки Brown mare without delay be harnessed
Кобылку бурую запречь? That we may take a sledge ride, love.

Скользя по утреннему снегу, We’ll give three reins to her, and lightly,
Друг милый, предадимся бегу The snow of morning gleaming brightly,
Нетерпеливого коня Skim over it, and full of glee,
И навестим поля пустые, Cross empty fields and empty meadows,
Леса, недавно столь густые, A once green wood with trees like shadows,
И берег, милый для меня. A stream and bank long dear to me.

(Translated by Irina Zheleznova)

66
1. Is Russian an international language?
2. In what countries do people speak Russian?
3. Why is it important for teenagers from other countries to learn Russian?

49
 SECTION 8

67

My granny offered us a cup of tea. A cup of tea was offered to us by my granny.

We were offered a cup of tea by my granny.
A woman sent for the doctor at once. The doctor was sent for at once.
G. Byron wrote the poem in 1817. The poem was written by G. Byron in 1817.

68
∙ В английском языке существуют два способа описывать одни и те же действия: с помощью
действительного залога (Active Voice) и страдательного залога (Passive Voice).
Сравните:
The teacher gave us a lot of homework. A lot of homework was given to us by our teacher.
Учитель задал нам большое домашнее за- Большое домашнее задание было дано нам
дание. учителем.
(Подлежащее является действующим (Подлежащее не является действующим
лицом в предложении.) лицом.)
∙ При изменении глагола в действительном залоге на глагол в страдательном залоге вся кон-
струкция предложения меняется:
Active Passive
Many people in Russia speak English well. English is spoken well by many people in Russia.
Много людей в России хорошо говорят на
английском языке.
∙ Англичане предпочитают употреблять пассивную форму глагола в тех случаях, когда бо-
лее важен объект действия, чем тот, кто это действие совершает. В тех случаях, когда важно,
кто (или что) совершил (совершило) действие, используется предлог by:
St Paul’s Cathedral was built by Sir Christopher Wren.
The clouds are moved by the wind.
∙ Страдательный залог образуется с помощью глагола to be в соответствующем лице, числе,
времени и III формы основного глагола (Participle II):
to be (am/is/are/was/were/will be) + Participle II (the third form of the verbs)

She was given flowers by Steve. These apples were bought at the market.
The story was told by my grandma. This present will be given to my little sister on
her birthday.

69
1. Our classmate was seriously ill. The doctor
was sent for. He came earlier than he was
expected.
2. Do you know the American actor who is
visiting our town at the moment? He was
seen by lots of people in the streets and
shops. He was so unusually dressed.
3. My elder brother is a student. He was offered
a job but he refused. It was not the kind of job
he wanted.
4. We were asked to stay after lessons. Our teacher
wanted to inform us about something
important.

50
 Present Simple: am / is / are + Participle II — am taken / is taken / are taken
Past Simple: was/were + Participle II — was taken / were taken
Future Simple: will be + Participle II — will be taken

regular verbs: My bike is used every day.

irregular verbs: The dress was sold two days ago.

70 72

1. The dog was named Martin by my little

sister Julia.
2. The policeman was expected to enter the
room any minute.
3. The lost train ticket was looked for by
everyone but was not found.
4. The idea of a new photo exhibition is good
The wind shook the house,
if the pictures are collected by our pupils.
The house was shaken.
5. New Year is celebrated all over the world.
We took what we could,
6. We were invited to a party by my mum’s
Not everything was taken.
relatives.

71 We lost our pets,

And that day they were not found.
The wind broke down our house,
It was thrown to the ground.
1. Russian is spoken by many millions of
people.
Then we built a new house,
2. The window was opened by my dad.
It was built too fast to tell.
3. Our rooms are cleaned every morning.
We did the work together,
4. Our new English textbook will be published
It was done very well.
next year.
5. The letters were sent a week ago.
We invited all our friends,
6. The first stations of the London Tube were
Our friends were invited.
built more than a hundred years ago.
All of them came with presents,
7. English and German are taught in lots of
We were happy and excited.
schools.
8. Who will be asked at Maths lesson today?
9. Bread and milk are bought every Friday in
our local shop.
10. The film was shown last year.
11. The vegetables were bought at the market
on Sunday morning.
12. We hope that in the future Russian will be
studied in lots of countries.

51
 SECTION 9

73

74

76

People = persons (men, women, children)

Were there many people at the

concert?
Peoples = nations; a group of people that
speak the same language and have the
75 same history and traditions.

In the Russian Federation there

1. What other languages apart from English
are spoken in the above named (назван-
ные) countries?
2. Which continents will not be visited by the
winners?
3. Which English-speaking countries are
situated
a) in Europe?
b) in North America?
c) in Asia?
4. What are the participants of the conference
going to do during their tour?
are more than 100 peoples.
77
1. ... living in Russia have different traditions.
2. In many parts of the world you can meet
French-speaking ... .
3. I like ... who are independent.
4. My cousin meets a lot of famous ... .
5. The Welsh, the Scots, the English and the
Irish are ... living in Great Britain.

52
 78 80

dangerous diseases (like AIDS, cancer), I think they’ll go from Great Britain
drugs, pollution, new local wars, dangerous to the USA by plane.
technologies, endangered animals, everyday
problems, computer control all over the 81
world, terrorism, globalisation, too much 1. to drive 1 e
information, star wars, etc.
2. to cycle 2
79 3. to sail 3
4. to walk 4
by plane / boat / 5. to fly 5
round Europe /
train the world 6. to hitchhike 6
by car / coach / bus / bike

a) to travel to a place by plane

b) to travel to a place by boat or ship
to many places travel c) to travel by standing by the side of the road
on foot
and asking people in cars to stop and take
you to the place you want to go to
d) to travel to a place on foot
abroad across e) to travel to a place by car
America f) to travel to a place by bicycle

53
 84
82
Daniel is a British student who studies Maths
Travelling by train is safer than
in Novosibirsk. He meets his Russian friend
travelling by plane.
Alexander.
Travelling by bike is less expensive than
D: Hi, Alex! Haven’t seen you for ages. Where travelling by car.
have you been? Travelling by car is more comfortable than
A: Hi! I’ve just arrived. I went on a tour round travelling by bike.
Siberia.
85
D: Where did you start?
A: In Yakutsk. We went to Yakutsk by plane,
then we went by boat down the great Where are you from? / Where do you come
Russian river Lena. from?
D: Did you stop anywhere? What is your place famous for?
A: Of course, we did. In some places we went How do you get to your capital city from your
sightseeing by bus. But twice we travelled place?
on foot. Neither a bus nor a car could go Do you like living there? Why?
through those narrow paths.
D: How wonderful! And dangerous, too, isn’t
it? Did you enjoy your tour?
A: Sure. It was so exciting! Siberia is a
wonderful place. It’s worth visiting.
83
an airshipv

a spaceship
Travelling by Travelling by
Both
plane train
… … …

boring, dangerous, cheap, expensive, a hot-air balloon

interesting, fast, slow, safe, good, bad, noisy,
quiet, clean, comfortable, entertaining,
enjoyable, exciting

a boat

a train
a bicycle a plane

a double-decker
a van a motorcycle a horse bus

54
86 87

1. Commuters are people who...

∙ enjoy travelling by train
∙ go by train to work
Lots of people in Britain live far from their
∙ travel by train on weekends
work. They often go by train from the suburbs
2. On the way to and from work commuters
(пригород) into the centre of the town to
usually...
work. These people are called commuters.
∙ do sports
Some of them travel more than 300 kilometers
∙ sleep or read
every day. It takes them 2 hours to get to the
∙ take part in some competitions
town centre and 2 hours to get back home. On
3. Drive-in offers...
the way commuters usually sleep, read a
∙ parking places near schools and universities
newspaper or a book, use their computers and
∙ lots of things to do without getting out of
listen to music.
your car
On some trains there are special study
∙ free cinemas and cafés
clubs. Commuters can study languages there
on their way to and from work. 88

1) the cheapest, 2) the most expensive, 3) the

A re cars as popular anywhere in the world most comfortable, 4) the most uncomfortable,
as they are in the USA? 5)  the fastest, 6)  the slowest, 7)  the noisiest,
Millions of Americans drive to work, to 8)  the quietest, 9)  the safest, 10)  the most
their country houses, to visit their friends. dangerous.
They go shopping by car, travel by car along
4 million miles of American roads.
Lots of teenagers drive to school. University
students work long hours after their classes to
earn money for their “wheels” (колеса).
Universities and schools have large parking 89
places for their students’ cars. ∙ Find the information on the means of
Another interesting thing about using a car transport people use in your place.
in the United States is the “drive-in” service. ∙ Make a proposal on the best means of
There are drive-in banks where you can get transport for your place.
your money sitting in your car. There are also ∙ Prove your proposal. Use the Internet if
drive-in cafés where you can buy your necessary.
sandwich and coffee without getting out of
your car.
The most exciting places are drive-in
cinemas. People can watch movies (that’s what
Americans call films) sitting in their cars.
It’s hard to imagine a real American life
without cars.

a car

a helicopter a ship
underground
55
 HOMEWORK

2. Though other European languages are still

1
popular in Russia, ... is their first foreign
language at school.
3. The people who have other mother tongues
... as a language often spoken in all parts of
1. Asia 4. South America the world.
2. Europe 5. North America 4. As a first state language English is spoken
3. Africa in ... .
2 8
Travelling around ... world is fantastic.
Sometimes I imagine myself climbing 9
mountains in ... Asia or in ... America. I often
dream of fishing in ... long and deep rivers of
... Russian Federation, watching ... penguins
in ... Antarctica, or breaking through ... jungles My mother tongue has short words,
of ... South America. I also think of visiting ... but its grammar isn’t simple.
China, ... United States, ... Spain and ...
Netherlands some time in future. 10
But you know what? For me ... Tushino will
always be ... best place in ... world. Because all
my family and my ... best friends live there! 1. ... occupies the whole continent.
2. When it’s summer in Russia, it’s winter
3 in … .
3. “A movie” in America is “a film” in ... .
4. ... is nearly as big as all of Europe.
5. English spoken in ... is often called Kiwi
4 English.
6. ... is an island state.
7. ... shares with ... seven of the world’s largest
5 lakes.

Hi, Helen!
I hope you’ll come to see us this summer. You
will enjoy staying here. My town / village is
worth visiting...

I think that the British are a bit

conservative. Why do I think so? One day...

7
11
В настоящее время население многих
стран смешано. Во многих странах два
1. The British say that ... is not real English. официальных языка. Например, в Канаде

56
говорят на английском и французском.
hope, modern, language, discovered,
В России люди говорят более чем на 200
natural, translation, communicate, foreign,
разных языках, но русский является госу-
success, secret, need, learn, connect,
дарственным языком для всех. В англий-
talent, great, technical, month, different,
ском, как и в русском, много слов из других
wait, English, progress
языков. На английском языке говорят мно-
го людей во всех частях света. Но есть не-
которые различия между британским, аме- 17
риканским, канадским, австралийским и
новозеландским английским языком. 1. There are lots of people...
12 2. A person can hardly hope to be up to date...
3. At present science and technical know-
ledge...
4. Learning a third foreign language is...
area, population, the biggest city, languages
5. Success in foreign language learning...
spoken in your area, weather.
a) is not connected just with a person’s natural
13 talent.
b) who speak more than one language.
I can speak neither French nor
c) much easier than learning the second one.
German. (English / language)  — English is
d) are progressing very fast.
the only foreign language I can speak.
e) if he can’t use a computer and speak a
1. Neither Richard nor Bill can do it. (Bobby /
foreign language.
person)
2. The Pavlovs don’t have many friends. (Me- 18
lissa / friend)
3. You should eat neither chocolate nor cakes.
(Honey / sweet food)
4. I like neither rock nor pop music. (Jazz /
music)
19
14

to go on — to continue
∙ to talk —
1. Why is English called the language of the ∙ an unusual language —
sky and the sea? ∙ gifted —
2. What languages are most often spoken at ∙ short parts of books —
international summit meetings? ∙ a competition —
3. Why is English the only solution to ∙ a teenager of 8—19 —
communication problems of the peoples ∙ very good Russian —
living in India?
20
15

16 21
Девятая международная олимпиада
по русскому языку собрала в Москве
много молодежи в возрасте от восьми до
nouns: hope, ... девятнадцати лет. В Россию приехали
verbs: hope, ... подростки из двадцати восьми стран.
adjectives: modern, ... Они читали отрывки из книг современ-

57
 ных писателей и классиков. Кроме того,
они демонстрировали свои разговорные
умения и знание российской культуры.
Золотой медалью за свой отличный рус-
ский язык был награжден Т. Диркемейер
из Германии.
22
see — saw — seen
teach, show, study, make, give, tell, write,
read, know, take, speak, play, break, eat, sleep,
come, go
23
The actor ... always ... to sing at the
concerts (ask). — The actor is always asked to
sing at the concerts.
1. The post office ... ... on Sundays (to close).
2. A. Vainer’s detective stories ... ... abroad (to
read).
3. This holiday ... ... in most English-speaking
countries (to celebrate).
4. The fruit salad ... ... of bananas and peaches
(to make).
5. The verbs “know, want, like, hate” ... not ...
in Continuous tenses (to use).
24
She ... a lot of questions at the last
English lesson, (to ask). — She was asked a lot
of questions in the last English lesson.
1. I … … the last chance by my parents (to
give).
2. We … … playing baseball and other games
at the weekend in the country (to teach).
3. The old lady’s stories ... never ... to (to
listen).
4. Why ... not I ... about it before (to tell)?
5. What … … to you by your brother for your
birthday (to give)?
6. ... the new American comedy ... on
tomorrow evening (to show)?
7. When ... the telegram ... (to send)? — It ... ...
two days ago (to send).
25
“Тебе рассказали об этой необычной
истории?” — “Да. Мне сказали, что зда-
ние цирка было разрушено за полчаса”.
58
“Неделю назад мне подарили экзоти-
ческого щенка. Представьте, за это время
он съел всю нашу обувь!” — “Он был за
это наказан?”— “Конечно нет!”
“Кто написал этот рассказ?” — “Точно
не знаю. Думаю, что он был написан кем-
то из классиков”.
26
International Teenagers’ Competition. Your
exciting Round-the-World tour. Seven
English-speaking countries. Our exciting and
unusual tour. The most vital and crucial
problems. Official languages. New local wars.
Good luck.
27
28
a) name some crucial problems
b) say why they are vital
c) offer some solutions
29
30
a) A lot of people in Britain travel by trains
every day because they  ...  . These people
are called ... . Sometimes it takes them two
hours to ... and two hours to ... . On the way
to and from work commuters can ... .
b) Americans prefer travelling by ... . Teenagers
work long hours after school to ... . Millions
of Americans use ... service because they
can do a lot of things without ... of their car.
Sitting in their cars people can ...  . It’s ...
a real American life without cars.
31
∙ What kind of transport is it?
∙ Why do people use it?
∙ How convenient is it?
 KEY VOCABULARY

Nouns: Verbs: Expressions and word

Africa award combinations:
area collect be awarded a prize
Asia found be successful in smth
award lose collect oneself to do smth
continent rate collect one’s thoughts
Europe win collect smth from smb
knowledge first / second language
language Adjectives: international words
luck exciting long-distance communi-
nationality foreign cation
North America official means of transport
population successful mother tongue
pumpkin unforgettable on foot
South America round-the-world tour
success Adverbs: rush hours
underground twice to be situated
travel by / go by

PROGRESS CHECK

1 1) the country’s language policy.

What means of transport has Mark decided to 2) why the city was built there.
3) why English has become an official
use?
language.
1) Car.
4) how some territory became part of the
2) Bicycle. country.
3) Train. 5) the history of the language.
6) how the country got its name.
2
A. It was just a misunderstanding. When
1) The building is going to be destroyed. Jacques Cartier, a French explorer, came to
2) The building is going to be rebuilt. North America in the 16th century, he met
the locals. The native people invited the
3 explorer and his sailors to their ‘kanata’
(the word for ‘village’). Jacques Cartier
1) The country Philippe has just visited is didn’t understand the locals and decided
. that ‘Kanata’ (or Canada) was the name of
2) The language Philippe does not want to their country.
learn is . B. The capital of Australia is Canberra,
a beautiful, green city. The reason that
Points /6 Canberra became the capital in 1908 is
rather unusual. The two largest Australian
4 cities, Sydney and Melbourne, argued about
which city was better. To stop the cities’
dispute it was decided to build a new city on
a new site between the two cities, on equal
distances from each of them. However, due
to a mistake, Canberra is about six hours
from Melbourne and three from Sydney.

59
 C. While English is the main language spoken
in New Zealand, Maori is also an official
language. Maori is the language of the
native people who originally lived on the
islands. It was only recognized as an
official language in New Zealand in
1987.  Besides, New Zealand was the first
country that accepted Sign Language (the
language that deaf people use) as the
country’s third official language. This
happened in 2006.
D. In the 11th century, England was invaded by
the Normans. The Normans brought laws
and customs, as well as their language, the
Norman dialect of French. Norman French
was used as the official language of the
country for three hundred years. During
that period, the English language changed
greatly. You can find many words in English
which are French in origin. Nowadays the
official language of Great Britain is English,
and French is the most popular foreign
language British students study at school.
E. There is a point where Russia and the USA
come very close to each other.
Alaska, the largest state of the US, and
Russia are less than 3 miles apart at their closest
point in the Bering Strait. In the 19th century
the American government bought Alaska from
the Russians. For many years the Americans
were angry with the Secretary of State William
H. Seward, who arranged the purchase in
1867.  Nobody could imagine that this frozen
land would turn out to be rich in gold and oil.
Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6
Texts
Points /5
5
Correspondent: The play “The Old New
Story” was expected with great interest. After
the performance the spectators said they were
really impressed with the level of the actors.
They acted almost professionally.
Michael Fish: The play was staged by
students from local schools. They are very
talented and enthusiastic. And they are hard-
60
working too. The motto of our studio is ‘If at
first you don’t succeed, try again’. Though we
are called a modern drama studio, we stage
not only modern plays but classical things too.
We’ve staged several plays already and all of
them were enjoyed by the audience. At first
our audience consisted mainly of the families
and friends of the actors, but now the drama
studio is getting popular with the people
around and we are proud of it.
Correspondent: The studio is quite new,
isn’t it?
Michael Fish: Yes, we opened two years
ago. We had only one room in the building of
the New Theatre, and did everything there:
discussed the play to stage, rehearsed it, made
the costumes. Then the Theatre gave us more
rooms and now we occupy the whole first floor
in its Left Wing.
Correspondent: As you are getting larger,
are you planning to take more students to the
studio?
Michael Fish: Yes. Actually we want more
children and teenagers to join our studio. All
those who want to become actors are welcome
to our studio next Sunday, on 5th December,
at 11am.
Correspondent: What ages of children can
come?
Michael Fish: At the moment we are
arranging a mixed class for young actors.
Everyone from 12 to 17 years of age can come
to our studio, which is (I’ll remind you) in the
Left Wing of the building of the Theatre, on
the first floor.
Correspondent: Will it be a sort of a
contest for the candidates or not?
Michael Fish: No, it won’t be a contest.
It’ll be an interview. The candidates don’t have
to recite poems, sing, or demonstrate their
dancing skills. All they need to do is to register
on our webpage or call Helen Grand, who is
the contact person and will be happy to explain
all the details and answer any questions.
Correspondent: And the last question. You
stage plays by foreign authors too, sometimes in
their original languages. Do the candidates
need to be able to speak foreign languages?
Michael Fish: It’s not necessary but it’s a
great advantage if they are good at languages.
Apart from English, we have staged plays in
French and Italian. We are going to continue
this practice.
 If you want to meet new friends and develop your talents, you are very welcome to our
MODERN DRAMA STUDIO
We stage (1).
(brief information: kinds of plays they stage, languages)

We are looking for students for a new acting class. To join us you need to be between
(years of age)

(2). The interview with the candidates will take place on 5th December, at 11am,
(3)
(where)

Person to contact: email: hg231@yahoo.com

(name and surname)

Points /4

6 7

Say about: You are taking part in the Youth conference

∙ where the place is and what means of
transport you can use to get there
∙ what language is spoken there
∙ why you would like to go there
The Green Planet which is held in Britain.
It’s the first day of the conference and you
arrive a bit earlier to register. In the lobby you
see a teenager who’s probably a conference
participant too.

Student A Student B
Are you talking about The Green Planet
Excuse me, where can I register for the conference?
conference? You can register there, at the desk.
Yes.
But it’s too early, they only start the registration
Ok, then … My name is ...
in half an hour. I’m waiting for the registration too.
points to discuss:
⚬ name; ⚬ the country you are from (any country except Britain); ⚬ what languages you speak; ⚬ what
places you would like to see in Britain; ⚬ what places in your country you would recommend to visit
The lady from the registration desk is there
already. We can go and get registered.
Fine. Let’s go. It’s nice we’ve met, isn’t it?
Yes. And I hope we’ll get to know each other better
during the conference.

Mark your score

For tasks 1—5, you can get 15 points.

15—14 points — Well done!
13—12 points — Good!
11—9 points — You can do better!
8 points or less — Revise and try again!

Tasks 6 and 7 should be evaluated by your teacher.

61
3 LOOK AT TEENAGE PROBLEMS:
SCHOOL EDUCATION
SECTION 1 Looking at teenage problems

1 Look at the photographs of these

teenagers. What are their problems?
Use the table to make your own sentences.
he unhappy
she angry
I he
Jim is sad because
think she
Oliver upset Angela: No one Martin: I’m so
… frightened listens to me! depressed about it.
has problems with his / her mum
got bad marks at school exams
hasn’t got any friends
has problems with his / her homework
isn’t allowed to get a Saturday job
can’t buy a new computer game
is out of luck
can’t get along with her sister / brother

2 Read what British participants of Teenagers’

Jim: I can’t find Simone: I get so
Conference said about their problems. Say if
a job. angry about it!
you have the same problems. What are they?
Simone (France): I do my best at school. But
my teachers and my parents aren’t happy with
my marks at school. I get so angry about it!
Why can’t they realize that I can’t do better?
Oliver (Great Britain): I don’t feel com-
fortable with my classmates. They call me
names and say I’m too tall and pale (блед-
ный). But I can’t help it. I do sports, but not
too often. There is so much homework to do!
Jim (Canada): I need more pocket money to Claudia: I’m fed up
buy some new computer games. Many teens in Julia: It’s boring. with playing the piano.
my school have a paper round1 or Saturday
jobs for a few hours. They earn extra money.
But I can’t find a job that I really like.
Julia (Australia): My parents won’t allow me
to get a Saturday job. They say I should take
care of my little brother and do my homework
for Monday. It’s so boring!

Oliver: They
* to have a paper round — to take newspapers and letters call me names!
to people in the morning

62
Angela (Italy): I hate Science because the 6
teacher is so boring. I would like to continue
French and take German this year. But no one
listens to me, including my parents.
Martin (New Zealand): Most boys of my
age have girlfriends. But I can’t speak to the
girl I really like. I think she is the best and
the smartest one in our school, but very 7
independent and good-looking, too. I’m so
depressed about it. Be young, old, strong, energetic, good
Claudia (Germany): My parents want me to at, lucky, unlucky, shy, independent, un-
do music. It is really hard work, you know. I’m comfortable, happy, glad, able, smart,
fed up with playing the piano. I just don’t want afraid, honest, angry, upset, frightened,
to! surprised, pleased, depressed, boring

3 Look young, old, strong, tired, lonely,

happy, unhappy, well, ill, nice, angry, sur-
the subject is too boring prised, depressed, upset, pale

4
Feel lonely, tired, ill, sad, happy, cold,
warm, hungry, thirsty, comfortable, free,
George is allowed to … sure, fed up, upset, angry, frightened, un-
lucky, uncomfortable
George is not allowed to …

5 8

I’m allowed (not allowed) to watch

TV late because it’s bad for my eyes.

a) go out in the evening...

b) invite my friends home...
c) have a pet...
d) watch TV late...
e) go to the disco every Sunday...
f) do sports...
g) get a Saturday job...

How do you feel when you...

∙ have an argument with your best friend?
my eyes
1) it’s bad for g ∙ don’t have any friends?
s in the evenin
2) safe in street vi ol ent ∙ play with your pet?
mes are too
3) T V program ∙ are out of luck?
r health
4) it’s good fo s ∙ are in trouble at school?
y loves animal
5) all my famil ew or k to do ∙ break a mirror?
h er e’s to o m uch hom
6) t y fr iends ∙ win a prize?
and like all m
7) they k now imals ∙ have a pet and it dies?
doesn’t like an
8) my mother ∙ are in luck?
∙ aren’t allowed to go out in the evening?
∙ aren’t allowed to play computer games?

63
 9 12

argue argue with somebody

(спорить) argue about /
over something
☐ too much homework
argument the argument for / against
☐ no friends
(аргумент) something
☐ no girlfriend / boyfriend
trouble trouble for something ☐ having difficulties with school work
(беспокоить, trouble about something ☐ nothing to do in free time
тревожить) look troubled ☐ no one to talk to about your problems
be in trouble / ☐ lack of pocket money
have some trouble ☐ not allowed to go out in the evening
trouble ☐ argue with parents/brother/sister
stay out of trouble
(беспокойство,
get into trouble /
тревога)
cause trouble
13
be a troublemaker

10
1. May I trouble you for the bread?
2. Mr Simon’s friend was in trouble and
needed help. ...would like to be more independent, to be
3. Why do you argue with your parents? shy, to feel lonely, to be tired of doing
4. Don’t trouble calling me next week. I’ll be something, to need pocket money for..., to be
on holiday. depressed when..., to be frightened when..., to
5. University students argued for their right to be lucky/unlucky, to be able/not so able, to be
park their cars round the university. energetic, to be good at/not good at...
6. This boy is a real troublemaker in our area.
7. You can tell us your arguments for and 14
against travelling by plane.
8. When the exam started, they looked quite
troubled.
9. Don’t trouble troubles till trouble troubles
you.

11

to argue
troublemaker
to trouble d i s a g re
argument ement
to dist
trouble urb
proble
m
to disc
uss
a perso
n
to wor who disturbs
ry others
to expr
es s d i s
agreem
ent

64
 UNIT 1

SECTION 2

16

L: Excuse me. Where’s the fitness centre,

please?
P: The fitness centre? Drive straight ahead.
Take the first street on the right. No, don’t
take the first street, take the second street.
And then take the second street on the left.
The fitness centre is next to a supermarket.
L: First on the right and second on the left.
P: No, it isn’t. It’s the second street on the
right.
L: And the first street on the left?
P: Wait a minute. Let me think. Drive straight
15 ahead.
L: I drive straight ahead.
L: Excuse me, sir. How can I get to school No 7?
P: Take the second street on the right.
P: No problem. Go straight along the street.
L: I take the second street on the right.
Turn right when you come up to the tall
P: Then take the second street on the left.
building over there.
L: Then the second street on the left.
L: Which one?
P: That’s the supermarket in that street.
P: The big grey one. School No 7 is just behind
L: But I want to get to the fitness centre!
that grey building.
P: Oh, I am sorry. Of course. The fitness
L: Thank you very much.
centre is next to the supermarket.
P: You are welcome.
L: Thank yyou.

1. Asking for help:

Excuse me, could you tell me — where ...
is, please? — the way to ..., please? — how
to get to ..., please?
2. If you can help and know the way:
Well,...; OK...; No problem...
3. If you can’t help: 17
No, I’m afraid I can’t; I’m afraid I don’t
know.

18
1. up/down — Go up this street, then turn left.
2. along — There are flowers all along the road to my grandma’s house.
3. (a)round — The tourists walked around the Tower yesterday.
4. through — I hate driving through the city during the rush hour.
5. across — My silly puppy ran across the road.
6. at the end (of the street) — What’s there at the end of the street?
7. at / on the corner (of the street) — Let’s meet at the corner of our street at 8 o’clock.
8. at the traffic lights — All the cars have stopped at the traffic lights.

65
 19
20
i + gh = [aɪ] — light, high, fight, night,
might, right, tonight,
— at Westminster Bridge bright
— near London Eye ou + gh = [ɔ:] — brought, bought, thought,
— at Big Ben ought
But: through [θru:], though [ðəʊ], although [ɔ:lˈðəʊ]
turn right, turn left, go straight along the
street, take a bus (an underground), go on foot, au + gh = [ɔ:] — naughty, daughter
go by car, it will take you five / ten minutes to
get there
ai/ei + gh = [eɪ] — straight, eight, eighteen,
neighbour

21

1. You are in the street and you want to know

the way to the nearest Pharmacy (апте-
ка). Stop someone and ask him / her the
way.
2. One of your relatives is at the railway
station. He / She has come to see you but
doesn’t know the way. Tell him / her how to
get to your place.
3. Your nephew is out. His friend has called to
invite him to the disco. Take a message and
write down how to get there.

22

— How often do you go to school?

— Is your school far from your house?
— How do you get to school (by underground /
bus / car / tram...)?  — Usually I get to
school by...
— Why don’t you get there on foot?
— Why don’t you get to school by bike?
— Do they usually go to school by bike in
Russia?
— How long does it take you to get to your
school? — It takes me...
— When do you usually leave home for
school?
— Do you go to school by yourself or with any
of your classmates?

66
23

an hour to get to the town.

half an hour to clean my room.
me an hour and a half to phone my friend.
you more than 10 minutes to do my homework.
us less than an hour to get to the Post Office.
It usually takes
him about five minutes to do shopping.
her not so long to argue with my elder sister.
them a few minutes to make / cook my breakfast.
a quarter of an hour to make a new friend.
hours and hours to take out the garbage.

24
28
How long does it take
…
you to get to
∙ subjects (what subjects, how many of them,
the nearest bus stop? …
how often...)
the nearest underground ∙ timetable (what days, how many days, how
…
station? many lessons...)
∙ classmates (easy-going, talkative, stupid,
your favourite supermarket? …
friendly, smart...)
a disco club? an hour ∙ teachers (strict, normal, easy-going,
boring, skilled, having sense of humour...)
a stadium / a fitness centre …
∙ activities (sports, music...)
∙ hobbies (collecting stamps / labels / mugs /
25 postcards; pets; taking pictures...)
∙ getting to school (on foot, by car, by
It takes Dasha 20 minutes to get to underground...)
the nearest stadium. ∙ problems (too much homework, too many
tests...)
26
29

A man went up to a taxi and asked the driver,

“What’s the fare [feə] (плата за проезд) to
the Bank of England?”
“Two pounds, sir. Just step in,” was the reply.
27
“Thanks. I only want to know how much I’ll
save by walking.”
***
Questions Answers The train was crowded. A young man trod on
(наступил) the feet of an old gentleman but
Where is he/she from? …
didn’t move away. The old gentleman asked him
How did he / she get to politely, “Tell me please how old are you?”
…
Russia? “Well, I’m twenty-three,” answered the young
man.
How long did it take him /
… “Then, I think, you’re old enough to stand on
her to get there?
your own feet.

67
 SECTION 3 School is fun if you are optimistic!
30 Work in pairs. Look at the picture.
Choose one of the student’s opinions
of school. Prove it to your partner.
This is what students think of school:
ke friends.
It’s a place where you ma
It’s a place which helps you
to find a good job in future.
It’s a place where it is fun.
It’s a place where you lear n
about people as well as subjects.
It’s a place where you take
exams and write tests too often.
31 Explain why you like your school.
Choose what suits you:
the school is new and nice
the teachers are very good
the school is not far from my house
my friends go to the same school
this is the only school in my life
I like our school uniform
any other reasons
68
32 What do you think of a teacher’s job?
Could you be a teacher yourself? Answer
the questionnaire and mark your score:
1. Teachers should be quite strict. There
should be some fun in class, but pupils
shouldn’t be allowed to make noise and be
lazy during lessons. — 1
2. Teachers should be strict. Pupils should
not be allowed to speak in class unless the
teacher asks them to. — 2
3. Teachers should be as easy-going as
possible. Pupils should be allowed to do
whatever they like. If they don’t learn, it’s
their problem. — 3
4. Teachers don’t need a sense of humour.
They should just teach the lesson as clearly
as possible. — 1
5. Teachers should have a good sense of
humour and make lessons fun and
enjoyable. But they shouldn’t tell jokes
instead of teaching. — 2
6. Teachers should keep their class
entertained with jokes and stories if the
class is bored by the lesson. — 3
Score: 2 points — you’re a born teacher
4 points — you’ll be a very strict
teacher, but boring, too
6 points — you’ll enjoy your work but
your students will not learn
much
33 Listen, read and remember:
— speak, teacher, easy-going, please,
mean, reason, neat, sea, leader
— teen, teenager, feel, free, street,
deep, green, meet, week, eighteen
— head, instead, dead, weather, bread,
ready
— real, realize, near, really, dear, hear,
ear
— learn, earn, earth, early, earlier

34
1. Does Ms Bryan like her job? Give your
reasons.
2. Is she a strict teacher?
3. What is special about the way Ms Bryan
teaches English Literature?
36
1. You ... come in time to school in the
morning (have to / should).
2. You look very tired. You ... have a short
holiday (have to / should).
3. Little children ... wash their hands before
they eat (have to / should).
4. You ... take these pills (таблетки) twice
a day after meals (must/should).
5. We ... help to lay the table. Be quick (must/
have to).

35 37

1. We must be at the station at 5 o’clock in

the evening. (Very strong. That’s almost You … be late for your classes.
an order.)
We mustn’t stay here any longer.
You … argue with your parents.
We needn’t stay here any longer.
Мы должны быть на вокзале в пять
часов вечера. You … be attentive to your friends’
Нам нельзя оставаться здесь дольше. problems.
Нам не нужно здесь оставаться доль-
ше. You … get on well with your family.
2. You have to get ready for your test on
literature. (Quite strong. It’s necessary to
do.) You … be honest with your friend.
You needn’t wash up today.
Тебе надо / следует подготовиться к You … eat too much.
контрольной по литературе.
Тебе не надо мыть посуду сегодня.
You … inform your parents if you
3. You should see that film. It’s very good. are getting late (опаздываешь).
(Not so strong. That’s your advice.)
You shouldn’t watch so much TV. (You
are not allowed to do it.) You … tell your friend about your
Тебе следует /Хорошо бы посмотреть problems.
этот фильм. Он очень хороший.
Тебе не следует так много смотреть You … mix with people who smoke.
телевизор.
4. Must I phone them at once? — Yes, you
must. (Да, обязательно.) You … cross the street here.
No, you needn’t. (Нет, не нужно.)
Must we turn right here? — Yes, we
must. (Да, обязательно.)
38
No, we mustn’t. Look at the sign. It is not [ʊ] — could, would, should, couldn’t,
allowed here. (Нет, нельзя. Посмотри shouldn’t, wouldn’t
на знак. Здесь не разрешено поворачи- [ɑ:] — can’t, shan’t, are, aren’t
вать.)
No, we needn’t. (Нет необходимости.) [æ] — have, has, haven’t, hasn’t
Shall I go shopping today? — No, you
needn’t. You can do it tomorrow. “Мне [əʊ] — won’t, don’t
сходить сегодня в магазин?”  — “Не
нужно. Сделаешь это завтра”. [ɪ] — did, didn’t, is, isn’t

69
 39
42

must / should / mustn’t / shouldn’t / needn’t.

What should I wear?
Must we stop near the market? —
Do you think I should...?
... (Нет, не нужно.)
What should I do?
... (Нет, нельзя.)
You shouldn’t be...
Should we take a taxi? —
It doesn’t matter.
... (Да, обязательно. Мы опаздываем.)
You should be on time.
... (Думаю, да.)
... (Думаю, нет.) 43
Must the children go to school on Saturday? —
... (Да, обязательно.)
... (Нет, не нужно.)
... (Нет, нельзя. Школа закрыта.) ***
Teacher: Tommy, why are
40 you late for school today?
Tommy: Every time I come
to a corner a sign says,
A good pupil should ... (be or do smth) “School. Go slow.”
A good pupil shouldn’t ... (be or do smth)
***
41
Father: Well, Bobby, I’ve
talked to your teacher today.
Alice: I need some pocket money. I have to He doesn’t like your
find a job. homework nor your
Joe: No problem. There is a job for you! classwork. Now I want to ask
Alice: What kind of job is it? you a question. Who is the
Joe: Babysitting. laziest person in your class?
Alice: It sounds fine. What should I do? Bobby: I don’t know, Father.
Joe: It’s easy. Just play. Father (angrily): Oh, yes, you do. Think!
When all the boys and girls are reading or
writing, who sits in class and only watches how
other people work?
Alan: I’m going for an interview next Bobby (happily): It’s our teacher, Father.
Friday.
Bob: Where and why? ***
Alan: Another school, I’m afraid. What “If there are any idiots in this
should I wear? room, will they please stand
Bob: Don’t ask me. up,” said the teacher.
Alan: What should I wear? After a long silence, one first-
Bob: Well, you shouldn’t look sloppy (не- year student rose to his feet.
ряшливый), you should look neat. “Now then, boy, why you
Alan: Do you think I should go on my bike consider yourself an idiot?”
or not? asked the teacher.
“Well, actually, I don’t,” said the student, “but
Bob: It doesn’t matter. But you should be
I hated to see you standing up all by yourself.”
on time.
44

70
SECTION 4

45

Susan Whitworth

The happiest days of your whole life

(So all the grown-ups say),
But I would never go to school
If I could have my way.
My pencil point1 is broken,
My pens run out of ink 2
My head’s just filled with sawdust3
And with sawdust you can’t think.
The happiest days of your whole life!
(So all the grown-ups say),
But I would never go to school
If I could have my way!

1 point [pɔɪnt] — кончик

2 ink [ɪŋk] — чернила
3 sawdust [ˈsɔ:dʌst] — опилки
46
Some of the advantages:
to become smarter, to develop your mind, to
have time for reading, to take part in school
activities, to have exchanges with English-
speaking partners, to have good and
experienced teachers, to have interesting
school traditions, to develop your imagination,
to study interesting subjects, to learn new
things, to prepare for adult life, to have a lot of
friends, to enjoy school life and friendship...
Some of the disadvantages:
not to need so much knowledge, to have no
time for sports and hobbies, to get up early in
the morning every day, to be tired of doing
homework, to work too hard, not to be allowed
to do what you want to, to depend on teachers’
mood, to have boring lessons, to be afraid of
some teachers, to have too many extra
subjects, to worry about getting good marks,
to have many tests, school has nothing to do
with real life...
47
to learn — учить, учиться, выучить,
заучивать, изучать
1. We are learning new words at the
moment.
2. Have you learned the poem by heart yet?
3. Live and learn.
to study — учиться, изучать, исследовать
1. The students will study eight new subjects
next year.
2. My best friend studied in City of London
school a year ago.
3. How many languages do you study in
your college?
48
a) You’ll never ... a foreign language without
... grammar rules.
b) The head of expedition ... the map carefully
and then left the room.
c) It takes time to ... how to do things quickly
and correctly.
d) How many new words have you ... by heart
at this lesson?
e) What do you think of ... (+ -ing) abroad?

71
 52

49
One stress
First syllable: ˈEnglish, ˈHistory, ˈLiterature,
ˈDrama, ˈScience, ˈChemistry;
Second syllable: Techˈnology, Biˈology.
Two stresses
ˌEduˈcation, ˌInforˈmation, ˌEcoˈnomics,
ˌMatheˈmatics, ˌChiˈnese, ˌJapaˈnese.
50
1. At what age do students finish school in
Britain?
2. What first foreign language is studied in
British schools?
3. What kind of a subject is Science?
4. Why is it important to study Russian?
Marina (Russia): I
think а perfect school is a
brightly decorated building.
You can study any subject
you like. Teachers talk to
their students as if they are
grown-ups, individuals.
Students are allowed to
talk freely about their problems in school or at
home. Students are allowed to come to school
whenever they want. The rules in school should
be democratic: neither strict nor too free. It
would be also nice to have a school newspaper
and school radio. The radio can be used not
only for reporting news but also for the concerts
prepared by the most talented students.

51
Alfred (Nor way):
The
perfect school should
h, e, g, 1, s, i, n — gives you a chance to make start at
11 о’clock. Teachers
friends in many parts of the world should
understand our proble
t, s, h, a, m — helps you to calculate how much ms and
listen to the ideas we ha
money you can ask your parents for ve. No
school uniform and
t, e, 1, a, e, r, u, t, i, r — helps you to live many special
haircuts!
lives without your leaving home The breaks should be lon
t, o, r, h, y, s, i — makes you a participant of than now. No boring ger
subjects like Science
lots of events (события) which happened History. Students shou or
ld on ly study the subje
long ago they really enjoy. They cts
shouldn’t worry abou
e, y, h, p, g, o, a, r, g — you can visit different tests and marks: if the t
y don’t know much —
countries without leaving your own city their personal business it’s
.

George (New Zealand): My perfect school

is much like the school I study in. However,
some things could be changed. I’d like our
teachers and students to treat each other with
more respect.
Discipline should be quite strict but
punishments shouldn’t be very severe.
I think some subjects such as Geography,
History, Art, Drama should be only studied by students who are
interested in them. These subjects have nothing to do with real
life. I think they are useless and boring.
I prefer the subjects that prepare us for the life outside school.
I’m sure school should still be compulsory.

72
53 58

☐ Be a brightly decorated building.

54 ☐ Be a modern building.
☐ Offer any subjects students are interested
in.
☐ Have no boring and useless subjects.
Marina Alfred George
☐ Prepare for real life.
… … … ☐ Talk freely to teachers.
☐ Discuss any problems openly.
☐ Listen to students’ opinion.
☐ Understand students’ problems.
☐ Treat each other with respect.
55
☐ Have no tests.
quite [kwaɪt]  — вполне, совершенно, ☐ Have no special uniform.
в достаточной степени ☐ Allow students to have their own newspaper
quiet [ˈkwaɪət]  — спокойный, уравнове- and radio.
шенный, тихий, безмятежный ☐ Be compulsory.
☐ Be strict and have discipline.

56
1. Our house is ... new.
2. Alice is a nice and ... person.
3. James has ... a big family.
4. Are you ... sure of what you’re saying?
59
5. Their family is ... and friendly.
6. Our head teacher always speaks with a ... ∙ Choose one of the following aspects of
voice. a perfect school: building, timetable,
7. Your school project is ... good but not student—teacher relations, school activities
perfect. (clubs, societies etc).
∙ Write down your proposals on the chosen
57 aspect. Draw a poster.
∙ Share your ideas with other students.

73
 SECTION 5 Would you like to attend a private school?

GRAMMAR FOCUS

62 a) Compare:
Her uniform is the same as mine.  — Ее
форма такая же, как и моя.
Her computer is different from mine. — Ее
компьютер отличается от моего.
В подобных фразах употребляется осо-
бая форма притяжательного местоиме-
ния, которая не требует после себя
имени существительного. Такое место-
имение называется абсолютной формой
притяжательного местоимения:
Whose medal is this? — It’s my medal. — It’s
mine.
It’s his medal. — It’s his.
It’s her medal. — It’s hers.
60 Look at the picture of British Private It’s its medal. — It’s its.
School where students study Russian. Listen Whose CDs are these? They are our CDs. —
to what a teacher of Russian is saying about it. They are ours.
Complete the sentences. They are your CDs. — They are yours.
They are their CDs. — They are theirs.
1. This school is a school ...
2. It is situated in ...
b) Remember:
3. The students study several foreign
languages: ...
I my + noun mine
61 Discuss with your partner the following
You your + noun yours
topics. Use the information from the text:
He his + noun his
1. What are the favourite sports in your She her + noun hers
school?
It its + noun its
2. Is it a school for boys or for girls?
3. Are you for / against wearing school
uniform? Why? We our + noun ours
4. What kind of school would you prefer: You your + noun yours
a private or a state one? They their + noun theirs

74
 66
63
Cathy: It was a lovely party, wasn’t it? But
I’m afraid, I have to leave. Are you
leaving with me?
Wendy: Yes. Let’s find our coats, then. Education in Australia is compulsory
Cathy: Look! This coat is the same as mine, between the ages of 6 and 15. Most children
but it’s not mine! (about 70 per cent) study in state schools
Wendy: Whose coat is this? where education is free.
Cathy: I think, it’s Jane’s. I know for sure, Most Australians live in cities along the
it’s hers. eastern and south eastern coasts. But there
Wendy: Let’s ask her. Jane, is this coat yours? are also many remote inland towns on the
Jane: Sure, it’s mine! continent. How are children educated
there?
*** In several states of Australia there are
Mum: Frank, let’s lay the table for 5 o’clock “Schools of the Air”. These schools are
tea. Do you remember whose cups situated in the areas far away from the big
these are? cities and towns. How do students attending
Frank: I’m not quite sure. This cup is yours, the Schools of the Air get a classroom
isn’t it? experience? The easiest thing to do is to use
Mum: No, it’s different from mine. It’s a two-way radio or other means of
much bigger. It’s your father’s. communication. By listening to the radio,
Frank: OK. This one is Karen’s. And the red watching TV and video the students learn
one is mine. about the world around them though they
Mum: And all of them are ours, aren’t they? stay in their own homes.
There is also “School Through the
64 Mailbox” for children who live far away
from any school in the area. Subjects are
Whose bag is this? ... (It belongs to divided into one- or two-week units. Each
you.) Whose bag is this? — It’s yours. unit including new material, illustrations,
1. Whose test is this? — ... (It belongs to her.) exercises and tests can be sent to pupils any
2. Whose textbook is this? — ... (It belongs time.
to Steven.)
3. Whose jeans are they? — ... (They belong
to Ted.)
4. Whose shoes are they? — ... (They belong
to us.)
5. Whose puppies are these? — ... (They
belong to him.)
6. Whose invitation letters are these? — ...
(They belong to them.)
7. Whose ticket is this? — ... (It belongs
to you.)
8. Whose computer is this? — ... (It belongs
to her.)
9. Whose bikes are they? — ... (They belong
to us.)

65

75
 friendly. In American public schools students
wear whatever they want.
Students can choose the subjects they want
to study. They often take part in non-academic
activities such as sports, drama clubs, school
newspaper or radio.
Americans think that each person should
achieve all that he or she can.
But some Americans believe that the
quality of education is going down. They think
that the number of basic subjects is few,
students watch too much TV and do too little
homework.
In Great Britain there are different types of
secondary schools. Most of them are state
schools where education is free. But some
parents choose to pay for private education.
Private (or public) schools in England and
Wales are very expensive and they are attended
by about 5 per cent of the school population.
The education in public schools is of high
quality, the discipline is very strict. Most of
private schools are either for boys or for girls. 67
Public schools are famous not only for their
What are “Schools of Air”? Where are
perfect education but also for the right friends
they? How does “School Through the
and contacts which are useful for a successful
Mailbox” work? Which schools in all countries
future.
are attended by most students: state or private
In some British schools uniforms are worn
ones? Why do people choose private
by all the pupils, in others the children can
education? What is the difference between
wear what they want to. Some public schools
public schools in Great Britain and in the
in Britain, such as Eton, have uniforms based
United States?
on what was worn over a hundred years ago.
Some private schools are very famous, such
as Eton, Harrow, Rugby and Winchester.
Harrow school is famous as the place where
Winston Churchill was educated, as well as six 68
other Prime Ministers of Great Britain, the
poet Lord Byron and many other prominent
people.
compulsory
education
About 90 per cent of all children in the secondary / higher
(образование,
USA attend state or public schools where private / state
воспитание)
education is free. In other words, 43 million free / not free
pupils and students go to public schools and to educate
another 6 million are in private schools. (давать be educated at...
In private schools parents have to pay for образование, self-educated
their children’s education. Most of the private воспитывать)
schools have religious education, too.
The relations between students and to attend a school / classes /
teachers in state schools are democratic and (посещать) a meeting

76
 69 71

to attend classes

free
to attend
means of not to be becoming, it’s boring, be in (out) of
fashion, to feel happy / comfortable, to prefer,
unifor m
education to have self-confidence; in my opinion, as
n compuls
atio or y for me, I believe, I have a different opinion,
nic
m mu I don’t care.
c o succe
ssful
pr ivate ....
to w
ear ur e ....
activities fut ....

secondary
ool
sch
classes

70

to unite pupils

to have no problem
in deciding what to
put on in the morning 72

not to be becoming

to save money

to look alike

73

to be out of fashion a) give your pros and cons («за» и «против»);

b) suggest a timetable for girls’ and boys’
to be in fashion school. Make a poster;
c) share the results of your work with your
to wear the clothes classmates.
you don’t like

77
 SECTION 6

74 2. В предложениях с глаголом в пассив-

Active Form ном залоге предлог часто оказывается в
I use a computer every day. — Я ежедневно конце предложения.
пользуюсь компьютером. I don’t like to be laughed at. — Я не люблю,
Passive Form когда надо мной смеются.
The computer is used by me every day.  — The police were sent for.  — За полицией
Компьютер используется мною ежеднев- послали.
но. Remember the English Phrasal Verbs with
their Russian Equivalents:
Singular I — by me; you — by you;
he — by him; she — by her hear of — слышать о
pay attention to — обращать внимание на
Plural we — by us; you — by you; take care of — заботиться о
they — by them laugh at — смеяться над
and Jane — by Jane; look at — смотреть на
my parents — by my parents; look after — ухаживать за
our head teacher — by our head make fun of — насмехаться над
teacher rely on — полагаться на
depend on — зависеть от
1. Для описания того, кем или чем со-
send for — посылать за
вершается действие, используются пред-
speak of / about — говорить о
логи by и with.
talk about — говорить о
By употребляется перед лицом или объ- think of — думать о
ектом, выполнившим действие, а также listen to — слушать что-либо или
после глаголов make, write, destroy, visit, кого-либо
break, discover, etc. provide for — обеспечивать кого-ли-
London was completely destroyed бо чем-либо
by fire in 1666. Many beautiful explain to — объяснять что-либо
museums in St Petersburg are often кому-либо
visited by tourists. look for — искать что-либо
With употребляется перед предметом, operate on — оперировать кого-либо
орудием, инструментом, которые исполь- pay for — оплачивать
зуются для совершения действия. be rich in — быть богатым чем-либо
The wall is painted with a wide something
brush. The cheese was cut with a be proud of — гордиться чем-либо
special cheese knife. something
Mind: the Russian equivalents of the second
group of verbs don’t have any prepositions
after them.

me.
ted by
nc e wa s pa i n
The fe It was painted with a brush.

78
75
Sylvia cooked a very good dinner. —
A very good dinner was cooked by Sylvia.
1. My father buys newspapers every morning.
2. One of my family takes out the garbage
every day.
3. We buy food for our pets once a week.
4. My elder brother uses the computer more
often than I do.
5. Our parents’ friends often invite them to
their parties.
6. They usually take bus No 181.
7. This animal loves bananas. It eats half
a kilo of bananas every day.
8. She makes a special pie for her birthday
every year.
9. People in many parts of the world speak
Esperanto.
10. Mike’s father pays for his education.
76
1. Charlie Chaplin (born) in 1889.
2. A modern school (build) in the village last
year.
3. A test in Maths (give) to us by our teacher
next week.
4. I’m afraid, I (ask) a lot of different questions
at the conference tomorrow.
5. The books by Jerome K. Jerome (translate)
into many languages.
6. Why you (depress) when I met you in the
morning?
7. The little Indian (look for) by his elder
brother yesterday.
77
Breakfast was cooked by Mother.
78
Our trip depends on the weather. —
What...?
What does our trip depend on?
1. Martin is made fun of because of his
fantastic clothes. — Why...?
2. Elizabeth’s parents went abroad a week ago.
She is being taken care of by her grand-
ma. — Who is...?
3. The new grammar rule was explained to us
in the last English lesson. — When...?
4. Leo di Caprio is much talked about because
of his acting talents. — Why...?
5. I don’t feel well when I’m laughed at.  —
Do you...?
6. Russia is rich in really gifted people.  —
Who is...?
7. You can rely on Peter in any difficult
situation. — Who can...?
79
What were you listening a minute
ago? (to) — What were you listening to
a minute ago?
1. Who is the story written? (by)
2. What are you looking? (for)
3. Why do you take care this old tree? (of) —
It was planted by my grandpa.
4. Who is made fun in your class? (of)  —
Oliver is.
5. What were you laughing when I opened
the door? (at) — Mike’s new joke.
6. What is Russia rich? (in)  — In people,
nature and fantastic ideas.
7. What are you proud most of all? (of)  —
My family history.
80
— I’m interested in books on history.
What sort of books are you interested in? —
I’m interested in books on history.
1. ...? — I only depend on my parents.
2. ...? — I’m only afraid of a storm.
3. ...? — I can rely on any of my best friends.
4. ...? — We were speaking about our plans
for the weekend.
5. ...? — I haven’t heard about it.
79
 81

Mr Jackson doesn’t hear anything. It’s too

noisy.
Why don’t you listen to me? It’s very
important to know about it.

82
1. Do you ... the rain beating against the
window?
2. Speak louder, please. I can’t ... a word of
what you are saying.
3. Just ... to him! I’ve never ... such nonsense
in my life.
4. Lots of people can’t ... anything. They use
a special language to communicate with
each other.
1
83 Louise heard a movement behind her...
Then she saw the figure. It was closer this
time. It was swathed (завернута) in black
cloth. Louise could clearly see that it was a
The sort of the story: a detective story, broad adult figure.
a fantastic story, a biography, a horror story, The figure turned, pointed his gun and the
an adventure story. shot hit the wall.
The figure disappeared back into the dark-
The text number 1 2 3 ness. Louise could see a hole in the wall a
few centimetres thick and a couple of centi-
The title of the book metres across. It was warm.
The author of the book Whoever was out there was shooting a laser
gun that could cut into stone!
The sort of the story Louise tried to control her panic and think
clearly. But what?

80
 2
Gavin knocked on the front door of the cot-
tage, but Mrs Foster didn’t open it at once,
like she usually did.
“Gran! Are you there?” No one answered.
Gavin waited for a moment. He couldn’t
hear a sound. “Maybe she can’t hear me,”
he thought.
He tried the door. It wasn’t locked so he
opened it and went inside. The room was
empty.
“Gran! Where are you? It’s me, Gavin.”
No one was there, not even Tinker, the cat.
Gavin looked round the warm, cosy little
room. The fire was still burning brightly.
The table was set for two people and he
could smell a delicious smell coming from
the tiny kitchen.
He thought: “Where is she? And where’s
Tinker?”
He ran upstairs and looked quickly into the
two tiny bedrooms.
— Are you there, Gran?
Nobody answered.
3
An hour later the police phoned and told
Terry’s dad that they had checked the van
but found it empty.
The police had done what they could.
“Those boys may be troublemakers, but that
doesn’t mean they stole your bike,” said
Dad. “I know they did,” answered Terry.
“They must have sold it.”
Terry lay on his bed feeling lonely and un-
happy. His bike had gone and he wouldn’t
be able to ride for the rest of the season — if
at all. It had taken him over a year to save
up. What was he going to do?
There was a knock. It was Mum:
“You’re upsetting everyone, including your-
self. We all know what a terrible shock los-
ing your bike has been.”
Terry didn’t reply and his mother went away.
84
What’s the title of the book?
Who was the book written by?
What sort of story is it?
What is the story about?
Is there any information about the main
characters? Who are they?
Would you read the whole story?
Would you recommend it to your friends?
81
 SECTION 7

85 Suspension  — If you are suspended, you

a) временное исключение из школы — ...
b) наказание письмом — ...
c) исключение из школы — ...
d) оставление после уроков — ...
e) запись в дневнике — ...
cannot come to school for a few days or weeks.
Your parents have to see the Head Teacher.
This is serious.
Exclusion — If you are expelled (excluded),
you are sent away from your school. This is very
serious. You have to go to another school where
the teachers know about your bad behaviour.
86

Students are very “inventive” in their ways to

make teachers’ lives hard. Here are some pun-
ishments used in British schools. Stay after school lines
Lines  — In England when a teacher gives Have a special card suspension
you “lines”, you write out some sentence again Write sentences exclusion
and again, perhaps fifty or one hundred times. See the Head Teacher report
For example, you can write such a lovely Go to another school detention
(clever, wise) sentence as “I must do my
homework” or “I must not be late”. 87
Detention  — If you are in detention, you
stay after school to do extra work — perhaps
“lines” or clean the classroom.
Report — If you are “on report”, you have behave — badly / well
a card which you give to the teacher at the end behaviour — a good / bad behaviour
of every lesson. Each teacher reports if you punish — for something
have behaved well or badly. punishment — a severe punishment

82
88 92

1. to punish — punishment
to agree — ...
to argue — ...
to state — ...
∙ Always do your best.
2. to suspend — suspension
∙ Be prepared — be on time.
to exclude — ...
∙ Be polite.
to discuss — ...
∙ Do not waste your time.
3. to invite — invitation
∙ Be quiet around the school.
to educate — ...
∙ Think safety first. (Главное  — без-
to describe — ...
опасность.)
4. to work — work
∙ Use entrances and exits properly.
to help — ...
∙ Use toilets properly.
to love — ...
∙ Keep valuables (ценные вещи) at home.
to finish — ...
∙ Smoking is prohibited (запрещено).
to report — ...
∙ Eating/Chewing is only possible at
to walk — ...
breaks and lunch times.
89 ∙ Be sensible in bad weather.
∙ Play in the right place.

90
I think (that) the easiest punishment is...
I think (that) the hardest punishment is...
I think (that) the most pleasant punishment
is...
I think (that) the most unpleasant punishment
is...
I think (that) the most effective punishment
is...
I think (that) the less effective punishment is...

91

— miss a lesson
— talk with your classmate during the lesson
— are late for a lesson
— prompt (подсказывать) your classmates
when they answer
— are impolite to your teacher 93
— do not do your homework
— do not wear your uniform
— get bad marks
— use your mobile phone during
the lesson
— draw pictures and write in your textbook 94

83
 96

1. If Liza ... (be) rich, she ... (send) her son to

95 Eton.
2. If my parents ... (allow) me to get a Saturday
1
job, I ... (earn) some money for new
Compare First and Second Conditionals
computer games.
1. If you stay in after classes, I will help you.
3. If the policeman ... (know) the way, he ...
Если ты останешься после уроков,
(tell) me how to get to the bus stop.
я тебе помогу.
4. If the school ... (be) not far from my house,
2. If I could use the computer well, I would
I ... (go) there by bike.
take part in the competition. 5. If the boy ... (be) ready for the lesson, he
Если бы я мог хорошо пользоваться (get) a good mark.
компьютером, я бы поучаствовал 6. If they ... (worry) about the test, they ...
в соревновании. (come) on time.
See Grammar Reference, p. 130. 7. If he ... (need) money, he ... (ask) for a job.
2 8. If we ... (try) our chance, we ... (spend) the
weekend in the country.
Если действие и условие совершения
действия в сложном предложении отно-
97
сятся к настоящему или будущему вре-
мени и маловероятны, то в главном
предложении употребляется глагол Perhaps one day you will win the
world tennis championship. — What would you
would (might) + инфинитив основного
do if you won the world tennis championship?
глагола, а в придаточном условном —
1. Perhaps one day your parents will send you
глагол в форме Past Simple:
to Harrow.
If + Past Simple,... would (might) + infini-
2. Perhaps one day you will be invited to
tive
Buckingham Palace.
If they tried their chance, they would (might)
3. Perhaps one day you will break a mirror.
be champions.
4. Perhaps one day you will be expelled from
She would phone me every minute if she
your school.
knew my telephone number. 5. Perhaps one day you will meet Tom Cruise
What would you do if you won the game? in your school.
Придаточное условия может находиться 6. Perhaps one day you will fly to the Moon.
как перед, так и после главного предло-
жения. Если придаточное условия стоит
перед главным предложением, то оно
отделяется от главного запятой.

3
Глагол to be в придаточном условия
употребляется в форме were для всех 98
лиц единственного и множественного
числа. 1. What would I permit / forbid at school if
Не might help us in this situation if he were I were a pupil?
a doctor. 2. What would I permit / forbid if I were
If I were a teacher, I wouldn’t allow my a teacher?
students to call each other names. 3. What would I permit / forbid if I were
If the weather were fine, we would go for a parent?
a walk with our pets.

84
 UNIT 1

SECTION 8

99

see each other every day

don’t see each other for ages
have much in common
share ideas
know each other for a long time / not so long
have a fight
B
refuse to work together
phone each other
like working together
offer to help to each other
…

100

I ca n s h C
a
problem re my e s t,
s
h i m/ he with n ice, b
r k ind …

101
D

102

Conversation 1
Conversation 2
Conversation 3
Conversation 4

85
 103 105

1
Steve: Hi, Penny! Hi, Albert! Important things Unimportant things
Penny: Hi, Steve, where are you going? … …
Steve: Well, I was going to meet Matt and
Gemma at the café, do you want to 106
come?
Penny: Sorry, I can’t. I have to babysit this
afternoon. ∙ Listen, we’ve got something to talk
Steve: OK, we’re going to the cinema about. — Послушай, надо поговорить.
tomorrow to see “Titanic”. ∙ Why? — В чем дело?
Penny: Are you? I really want to see that. ∙ What’s the matter? — Что случилось?
Steve: Great, we’ll see you outside the ∙ If you don’t ..., you’ll be in big trouble.  —
cinema at 8.00 then, OK? Если ты не... у тебя будут проблемы.
Penny: Yeah, see you tomorrow. ∙ Why should I ...? — Почему это я должен?..
∙ You know why. OK? — Сам знаешь поче-
2
му. Ясно?
Tracy: Now listen, if you don’t do it, you ∙ It’s not my fault. — Я не виноват.
won’t have any friends in the whole ∙ Don’t worry. — Не волнуйся.
school. And if you tell anyone, you
will be in big trouble. OK? 107
Sue: What’s the matter? Why are you so
rude?
Tracy: You know why. OK?
3 You ask your friend to help you?
Sally: Oh, dear, don’t worry. Now what we’ll
You want him / her to get a bad mark?
do is talk to your parents this afternoon
when they come to collect you. We’ll You copy what he / she writes during a test?
explain to them exactly what happened. You don’t care about it?
I think they’ll understand it’s not your …
fault.
John: Thanks, Sally, I’m sure they’ll believe
you.
4
Karen: Thanks for helping me, Julia. I was
really having problems with that Maths 108
homework. I thought I would never
understand. And the test next week is
very important. 1. Your friend is in a bad mood today. Do
Julia: That’s OK. You can help me with you...?
Biology next time. I never understand 2. Your classmates laugh at your friend. Do
any of that homework. you...?
3. Your friend doesn’t get along with his / her
104 parents. Do you...?
4. Any other.

86
109 111
( )
Friend: friendly / unfriendly / Write your names on pieces of paper. Put all
friendship / friendless the pieces into a box. Take one piece out of the
Help: ... Use: ... box. The person whose name is written on the
Real: ... Create: ... piece will be your “secret friend” for the next
week. Don’t tell him / her about it. Try to be
110 extra kind and helpful towards this person all
of next week. At the end of next week each of
you will have to guess who his / her secret
friend was.
If anyone can’t guess, then you will have to
A friend in need is a friend indeed. say what you did to be kind and helpful.
Old friends and old wine are best.
A friend to all is a friend to none.
Between friends all is common.
Friendship is not bought at a fair (ярмарка).
112
want
me / you /
expect
him / her / to do smth
should like
it / us / them
would like

1. I want you to phone me in the evening. —

Я хочу, чтобы ты позвонила мне вече-
ром.
2. They expect Alice to answer five simple
questions. — Они надеются, что Алиса
ответит на пять простых вопросов.
3. I would like her to try her chance.  — Я
бы хотел, чтобы она использовала
свой шанс.

113
1. The teacher wants him to solve this
difficult problem himself.
2. Do you expect us to take part in the
competition?
3. Would you like them to visit your school
in May?

114

I me to take care of my little brother

You want(s) you to continue English
Your parents would like him to stay out of trouble
His mother expect(s) her to argue with her
My teacher us to discuss the problem
Their friends them to attend school
… the boys to think of our future

87
 115

a) Find some examples of the Complex Object

in the letter.
b) What other political and family days do you
celebrate during a year?
c)  Would you agree with the proposal of our
American pen friend to declare a Friend’s Day
on July 31st?

cal and
er tho ug ht tha t we celebrate various politi
Have you ev
family days: y... Isn’t it strange
Da y, In de pe ndence Day, Labor Da
M oth er’s ecial role our
no th ing pe rso na lly to recognize the very sp
that we do
friends play in our lives? s for us. We want
t it, they do many thing
W hen you thin k abou y expect nothing
to lov e us , to he lp us and they do it. And the
them nk you.
perhaps a smile and a tha
for their effor t — beyond st as our Fr ien Day —
d’s a day to
to de cla re Ju ly 31
We decided our friends have done
ember all the kindness
take a moment to rem
for us during the year. u
in k about this idea. If yo 117
We would like you to th Day is wo rth
ide a of a Fr ien d’s
also thin k the nk
it by saying a special tha
suppor ting, do it. Start ll sen d them a
Perhaps you wi noun + noun adjective + noun
you to YOUR friends. ssa ge by e-m ail
the m a me
postcard or just send
before July 31 st. t
for the wonderful gif
Than k all your friends Friend’s Day wonderful gift
give you by sim ply say ing:
they is
do, too, but friendship
Times change and we various days, American pen friend, special
for always. role, Mother’s Day, great idea, political
be ing my fri en d. decision, special thanks, e-mail message,
Than k you for
birthday card, teenage article, computer game,
Best wishes Independence Day
Jef f Ri xon
118

I support Jeff’s idea because...

116 ...we do nothing personally to recognize the
role of our friends.
...friendship is for always.
...it’s easy to send an e-mail message once
a) ...we do nothing personally to... a year to thank your friend.
b) ...they expect nothing for their effort... …
c) ...to take a moment to...
d) ...is worth supporting... 119
e) ...by simply saying
f) Times change...

88
 UNIT 1

SECTION 9

120

advertisements, competition advertisement, teenage articles on how to make the

world better, young peoples’ letters about their problems, stories about teenagers,
any other...

121
a) same as yours,
b) different from yours.
.

Dear Jack ie, so I can buy

ne ed m or e pocket money
Can you help m
e? I ay jobs,
ga m es . A ll m y fr iends have Saturd
ter I’ll be too tired to
some new compu e get one. She says
let m
but my mum won ’t essed about it.
W ha t ca n I do, I’m so depr
do my school w or k. Maisie (age 12).

Dear Jackie,
I’m in year 9 and I have to choose the subjects for next year. My parents
and my teachers want me to continue History because I’ve got good
marks, but I really hate History and the teacher is so boring. I want to
continue French and German because I want to travel when I leave
school. But my marks aren’t very good. No one listens to me, I get so
angry. Who should I listen to?
Joshua (age 13)

Dear Jackie, smoke, they thin k

ould do? All my friends
W hat do you thin k I sh telling me to try. I
co ol but I don’t , I’m fed up with them
it’s rea lly I’m frightened
do n’t wa nt to. They call me names and say
really n’t want to.
but it’s not true. I just do
of getting into trouble, Greg (age 13).

122

89
 123
Letter A ⬜ Letter В ⬜ Letter С ⬜
1. This is a very difficult situation. I’m sure
your parents and teachers want you to do
well in your subjects. They are thinking
about your school life. You will have to do a
lot of extra work if you want to continue
with languages. But it’s also very important
that you enjoy your lessons. Perhaps you
could speak to other teachers and see what
they think?
2. You are right, smoking is disgusting and
bad for your health. It’s very difficult to
stop smoking once you have started. So
don’t listen to them and then perhaps your
friends will be more like you.
3. Have you explained your situation carefully
to your mum? If you promised to do all
your homework on Saturday mornings,
maybe then she would allow you to have
a job in the afternoon?
124
125
You are right..., Don’t listen to, Perhaps, I’m
sure / not sure that ..., You can speak to ..., See
what he / she says..., you shouldn’t be
depressed ..., Have you explained ...?
126
[ʊ] foot, good, look, wood, cook,
oo book
[u:] cool, school, choose, room,
too, food, soon, zoo
[аʊ] about, sound, round, south,
ou loud, proud, without
[ʊ] would, should, could
[əʊ] follow, Moscow, borrow, know
ow
[аʊ] now, allow, cow, crowd, down,
how, town
90
127
I.  The words one/ones are used instead of
a noun or nouns.
1. Have you got any detective stories? I’d
like to read one (= a detective story).
У вас есть детективы? Мне бы хоте-
лось почитать.
2. She hasn’t got a textbook. She should buy
one (= a textbook).
У нее нет учебника. Ей нужно его
купить.
3. Do you know Martin Harly? The one
who lives in that cottage? (= Martin Har-
ly) Вы знаете Мартина Харли, кото-
рый живет в том доме?
4. These books are more interesting than
those ones (= the books).
Эти книги более интересные, чем те.
5. I don’t like these shoes. Please give me
those black ones (= the shoes). Мне не
нравятся эти туфли. Дайте мне, по-
жалуйста, те, черные.
II.  The words one / ones often aren’t
translated into Russian (see sentences 1, 3, 5).
Sometimes they are translated as the
pronoun (see sentences 2, 4).
128
I have read this book. Please give me
another one.
1. I don’t like these white flowers. Let me
have some pink ... .
2. I think that his performance will be more
interesting than the last ... .
3. I don’t like these mittens. Please, give me
those blue ... .
4. Do you know Mrs Parkins? Is she the ...
who phoned yesterday?
5. I’ve got several DVDs. Which ... would you
like?
6. Which pen do you want? — The ... that’s on
the table.
129
«Ты видела сегодня Алису, которая живет
на соседней улице? Она брала у меня кни-
гу по истории». — «Какую книгу?» — «Ту,
которую ты читала в прошлом году».

130
1. It’s not bad to have your own pocket money
for sweets, cinema, disco, computer games,
birthday presents, flowers for your girlfriend,
etc. Do teenagers in Russia have Saturday
jobs? Why not? What can you say in favour
of it?
2. In year 9 at secondary school (age 13 to 14)
students in Britain have to decide which
subjects they want to drop (отказаться).
Usually these are subjects they are not good
at.
If you had a choice: what subjects would
you drop next year? Why? Are there any
subjects which should be studied by
everyone? What are they?
3. Do you agree that students should drop the
subjects they are not good at? Why? Why
not? Should parents and teachers decide
what subjects to continue?
In fact, statistics show that a smoker shortens
his life by 5.5 minutes with each cigarette.
Smokers say that they don’t care and if they
want to kill themselves with tobacco, that’s
their business.
Happily, at present smoking is prohibited
in many ways. You can see “No smoking”
signs in many theatres, cinemas, trains, buses
and restaurants. And in my flat, too!
133
— What do you think of smokers? Do you
think it’s their own business?
— Do smokers care about others?
— Do you think smoking is dangerous for
a person who lives in the same flat with
a smoker?
— Do you think smoking in the office is
polite?

131

Mum: Can one of you go and get some bread
from the corner shop?
Olivia: Yes, Tim’11 go. It’s his turn.
Tim: What’s happening?
Olivia: Mum wants you to go for some bread.
Tim: Olivia, you can go. I’ve got so much
homework to do.
Olivia: All right, I’ll go.
Tim: Ah, peace at last! I can watch TV.
Mum: Tim! Have you done your homework?
134
∙ Look at the posters. Discuss which of them
you would hang in your room.
∙ Read the anti-smoking signs:
1. Every time you want to smoke think at first
then choose the coke.
2. Sports make me strong and healthy.
3. Care for your health.
∙ Draw a poster to illustrate one of the signs.
∙ Share your poster with your classmates.

132

We’ve just moved into a new flat. And the

first thing I put on one of the walls was a “no
smoking” sign. “That’s anti-social,” said my
mother, “you can’t do that.” Oh, yes, I can.
And if anything is anti-social, it is smoking.
Besides being impolite, smoking is deadly.
In Britain about 50,000 people die every year
because of smoking. They die from lung
cancer, heart attacks and other causes, too.

91
 HOMEWORK

1 help. I have no problems ... my parents. I can

invite any friends ... home. What I’m really fed
… is sharing a room ... my younger brother.
Sometimes I get so angry ... him! My parents
out fr iends angry aren’t happy ... his marks ... school. So I have
m istakes a problem a job to take care ... him. I’m depressed ... doing his
an opin io an int homework with him every day. If I don’t help
n er view along with
him, my parents won’t allow ... me to go out...
ey Saturday evening.
pocket mon bad marks faces

to have got friends 5

2
6

3 — What’s the matter? Why do you ... so tired?

— We had a hard Maths test today.
to have a paper round — to take
***
newspapers and letters to people in the
— How do you like your new armchair?
morning
— Wonderful! I ... really comfortable here.
***
to be depressed about smth — Your sister ... depressed, isn’t she?
to be fed up with smth — I’m afraid she is. She has problems with her
to take care of smth boyfriend.
to do one’s best
to call names 7
ut 1. Боюсь, что Саша попал в беду. Давай
r ud e th ings abo поговорим с ним сегодня же.
ad or
to say b 2. Я не люблю беспокоить своих родите-
someone лей. Они впадают в депрессию от моих
of smth
to be tired ok after som
eone проблем.
c t o r lo
to prote t hope 3. О чем вы спорите? Неужели это так
sa d a nd withou things in
to b e
n effor t for doing важно?
to make a 4. Антон создает проблемы в нашем
d way
a ver y goo классе. Он вечно спорит с учителями.
5. Что тебя тревожит в нашем плане?
Объясни свои «за» и «против».

8
4
1. Name your problems.
2. Think which of them is the most important
and why.
at about with over on of up
3. Write what personal characteristics you
need to solve the problem.
I think teenagers all ... the world have the same 4 Write who can be of some help to you.
problems. As for me, I get along ... other
students in my class rather well. They don’t 9
call me ... names, they help me if I need ... any

92
10
to turn right — to turn left
to get on, to go straight, to turn right, often, far
from, up, across, seldom, to turn left, in front
of, on the left, down, never, to get off, to turn,
always, along, behind, on the right, next to
11
12
1. Alice’s school is near her house. It takes ...
about ten minutes to get there. 2.  My friends
are fond of swimming. It takes ... half an hour
to get to the swimming pool. 3. I prefer to do
written exercises. It takes ... less than an hour
to do them. 4.  Andrew was responsible for
music. It took ... a quarter of an hour to
organize a disco. 5.  My mother and I will go
shopping tomorrow afternoon. I hope it’ll take
... less than an hour. 6. How long does it take ...
to do your homework in Science? 7.  My dog
runs very quickly. It takes ... less than
5 minutes to run around the park.
13
At the moment I’m in the 7th form. This year
I have a lot of new subjects.
14
... I take a bus? — Yes. You ... take bus
No 62.
17
18
1. Почему ты смотришь телевизор? Ты
забыл, что тебе надо подготовиться
к контрольной по истории?
2. «Мне надо надевать теплое пальто?» —
«Обязательно! Сегодня очень холод-
но».
3. Насте не надо сегодня идти на теннис.
Она может поспать и почитать.
4. Говорите тише! Здесь нельзя разгова-
ривать громко.
5. Роману не следует так часто и долго иг-
рать в баскетбол.
19
I would like to learn new things, but
we have too many extra subjects at school.
20
1. How many students ... English in your
class?
2. Have you ... all new expressions and words?
3. Does he ... in your school? — No, he ... in
the school over there.
4. Must I ... this long and boring poem by
heart? — No, you needn’t.

21
should shouldn’t
be allowed to be noisy Год назад я училась в дру-
...
during the lessons гой школе. Потом я пере-
шла в эту школу, потому
… …
что здесь изучают два
иностранных языка —
15 английский и француз-
ский. Я понимаю, что
16 мне придется работать
больше: каждый день учить новые сло-
should / shouldn’t / must / needn’t /have to. ва, читать книги на обоих языках, учить
a) Shall I buy some butter?  — No, you .... наизусть стихи, писать контрольные ра-
We’ve got some. боты. Если я буду учиться хорошо, то
b) What ... I do to pass the chemistry exam? — смогу поехать по обмену в какую-ни-
You ... work hard and spend more time будь англоговорящую или франкогово-
doing your homework. рящую страну.
c) Excuse me, I … … get to Trafalgar Square.

93
 22
In my school students and teachers
treat each other with respect.
23
Studying well is a student’s personal
business because some students just can’t
study better than they do.
1. Studying well is a student’s personal busi-
ness because...
2. If teenagers are allowed to talk freely about
their problems...
3. I wouldn’t like to learn the subjects that
have nothing to do with real life because...
4. It’s important that students are allowed to
wear whatever they choose because...
5. Most students believe that the school rules
should be neither strict nor too free
because...
24
1. Be ...! You shouldn’t be so noisy in the
hospital.
2. This dress is ... nice, but I think your blue
dress is better.
3. After 10 o’clock in the evening our house
is absolutely ... .
4. My aunt is a ... person. But she enjoys teen-
agers’ company.
5. I ... like Biology, but I hate Chemistry.
6. Are you ... sure? Shall we leave right now?
25
26
1. Have you seen ... watch? She can’t find
it.
2. Whose coat is this? — It’s ...!
3. I don’t like these jeans. ... are much better.
4. That’s your dictionary on the desk. ... is in
his bag.
5. Liza usually cleans ... shoes, James cleans
..., and I clean ....
6. This is my house and ... is round the corner.
94
27
British state British private
school (or public) school
… …
∙ The education is free.
∙ The education is very expensive.
∙ Uniforms are based on what was worn over
a hundred years ago.
∙ They are famous as the place where some
prominent people got their education.
∙ They are attended by 95 per cent of British
students.
∙ Girls and boys study together.
28
Hi, Victor,
You asked me to write ... about my school.
I don’t think it’s much different from ...  .
Same basic ..., I guess. We’ve also got lots of
... activities. I’m keen on ... if you remember.
My parents believe that I should ... all that
I can. But who knows what I ... can!
What I really like about my school is the
relations ... our teachers and us: they are ...
friendly. Teachers talk to us as if we are ... .
I really like it!
Sorry, I have to finish — the break is ... .
What about your school?
Is your school much the same?
…
Yours,
Alison
really, individuals, non-academic, achieve,
over, baseball, yours, subjects, a few words,
between, quite, Take care!
29

30 Write a letter about your school
to Alison. Use the following guidelines:
Subjects
Non-academic activities
Relations between teachers and students
Free education or not
31 Write down three forms of these verbs.
Example: ask — asked — asked
ask, build, know, buy, collect, send, rely, talk,
provide, hear, depress, speak
32 Change the Passive Form into the Active.
Example: The bike was repaired by my elder
brother. — My elder brother repaired the bike.
1. The old bridge across the river was broken
by builders.
2. Michael Jackson is known to every Ame-
rican.
3. The party was arranged by the students
themselves.
4. She is liked by everybody.
5. The letters were written by our Canadian
exchange partners.
33 Translate into English. Use the verbs
in the Passive Voice.
Мой край богат своей историей. Мно-
го интересных людей родилось здесь  —
художников, писателей, спортсменов.
О героях войны можно много узнать
в городском музее. О  некоторых людях
часто пишут местные газеты. О ком из
них пишут чаще? Конечно, о современ-
ных героях.
34 Do Ex. 78 on page 79 in written form.
35 Transform the following sentences
changing verbs from Active into Passive.
Example: Louise could see a hole in the
wall.  — A hole in the wall could be seen by
Louise.
1. Louise could clearly see an adult figure.
2. He tried the door.
3. Gavin could smell a delicious smell coming
from the kitchen.
4. The police phoned to Terry’s dad.
5. Somebody stole the bike.
36 Do Ex. 82 on page 80 in written form.
UNIT 3 Homework
37 Put the British school punishments
in a list, No 1 being the most serious one.
Suspension Expulsion Lines
Report Detention
38 Do Ex. 88 on page 83 in written form.
39 Describe at least one punishment used
in Russian school.
40 Write 5 rules for school teachers.
Use Ex. 92 on page 83 as a model.
41 Do Ex. 96 on page 84 in written form.
42 Translate into English.
a) Если бы ты поехал на чемпионат мира,
то занял бы первое место.
b) На твоем месте я не пропускал бы уро-
ки истории и литературы.
c) На месте нашего директора я не
исключала бы из школы учеников за
плохое поведение. Я предложила бы им
какие-нибудь внеучебные занятия.
d) Если бы все были вежливы и терпели-
вы друг с другом, жизнь стала бы более
интересной и счастливой.
43 Complete the following sentences.
1. If I were sixteen, I would...
2. If I could travel every summer,...
3. If I were depressed as you are,...
4. If you tried your chance, you might...
5. If he were invited to this party, he...
6. If I lived in New Zealand, I...
7. If they could speak all European languages,
they...
44 Write 6—7 sentences about your best
friend. Use the expressions from Ex. 99
on page 85.
45 Do Ex. 105 on page 86 in written form.
46 Write the words you know with the same
root:
Example: interest — interesting, interested
1. to know — ... 4. form — ...
2. to trouble — ... 5. sport — ...
3. to invent — ... 6. to depend — ...
95
 47 48

If you ask me,...

In my opinion,...
Personally, I think...

49

Nobody understands me.

Моему старшему брату 17 лет. Он заме-
чательный музыкант. Но какая у него
трудная жизнь! Родители хотят, чтобы
он стал серьезным. Они надеются, что
он начнет готовиться в медицинский
институт. Они хотят, чтобы он перестал
играть на гитаре каждый вечер. А он хо-
чет, чтобы они ему не мешали зани-
маться музыкой. Они хотят, чтобы он
не приглашал домой своих шумных
друзей.
Я хочу, чтобы мой брат доказал всем,
что он настоящий музыкант.
Если бы я был на его месте, я бы
поскорее создал свою музыкальную
группу!
I’m tired of my friends.
I don’t feel good about it.
My friends work on the weekends.
My friends believe that smoking makes them
look better.
It’s wrong.
I’m forbidden by my mother to get a job.
50
51
Firstly, I’d like to say that.
Secondly, I know that smoking...
In fact, statistics show that...
Happily...

KEY VOCABULARY

Nouns: Adjectives: Verbs: Expressions and word

argument compulsory agree combinations:
behaviour depressed allow be in trouble / have a trouble
education higher argue get into / stay out of trouble
punishment private attend It takes me ... to do smth
trouble quiet behave look troubled
troublemaker secondary educate trouble for / about
state expect
punish
trouble

96

PROGRESS CHECK
1 Listen and write down the answer.
1) What lesson do both Alison and Ben like?
2) What sports do both Alison and Ben do?
2 Listen and chose the correct option
to complete the statement.
David feels stressed because
1) he has no friends in his new school.
2) the discipline in +his new school is very
strict.
3) it takes him too long to get to his new
school.
3 Listen and mark the statement as true
or false.
If there is a problem, Anne asks other people
for help.
1) True 2) False
Points /3
4 Read the text about Chiswick School. Five
sentences have been removed from the text.
Choose from the sentences A—E the one that
fits each gap (1—5). Fill in the table.
Chiswick School
Chiswick School is a secondary school
which is located in West London. The school
is quite large, there are more than one
thousand pupils. Chiswick School can be
called a multicultural school because many
boys and girls have Asian and African ethnic
backgrounds. 1. 
If the parents want their son or daughter to
study at Chiswick School, they have to apply
to the local government authority. The
unlucky ones have to go to other city schools.
Lots of different subjects are taught in
Chiswick School: English, Maths, Science,
etc. One of the compulsory school subjects is
Information Technology (IT). Nowadays
computers have become an essential part of
our life. The teachers believe that IT skills are
necessary for their pupils to survive in the
UNIT 3 Progress check
modern world. There are three computer
centres in the school. Besides that, there
are computers and laptops in all the
classrooms. 2. 
Sport and Physical Education are prominent
in the school programme. The school has a
well-equipped gym, six tennis courts, two
squash courts and a large sports ground.
3.  The pupils
can do football, rugby, cricket, basketball,
netball, tennis, badminton and hockey. The
River Thames flows nearby the school and
provides the school with some water sports
facilities such as rowing, canoeing and kayaking.
4.  They can
take part in numerous clubs and courses, such
as Drama Club and Theatre Group,
Shakespeare Club and Film Making Club,
Computing and Programming Courses etc.
A festival of arts, which has become Chiswick’s
traditional showcase of talent, is held every
summer.
The pupils of Chiswick School have to wear
a uniform. At first, some parents and pupils
were against the uniform. 5. 
Now everyone agrees that the uniform is good
for discipline and that wearing it can stop
competition in dress among the pupils.
A. The school is very popular and the number
of applicants is more than the school can
accept.
B. Even out of the classroom, the pupils and
their parents have access to educational
resources specially created by Chiswick
School teachers.
C. The school offers a wide choice of different
sports.
D. There are a lot of activities that pupils can
do at lunch time and after school.
E. However, the teachers managed to make
them change their mind.
Number 1 2 3 4 5
Letter
Points /5
5 Read the advertisements for the Chiswick
School clubs. To answer questions 1—3, write
down the letter of the advertisement (A—D).
There is one advertisement you don’t need
to use.
97
UNIT 3 Progress check

In which club could you

Dear Patrick,
∙ improve your English and your school
Thank you for your letter. I believe I wouldn’t
marks?
mind taking this course too. Please, let me know
∙ try being a designer?
some details about it?
∙ learn more about British literature?
A. 1)  (1)
Book Club 2)  (2)
When? 3.10—4 pm 3)  (3)
What Day? Friday, 25th April and Friday, 20th Best wishes,
June. ….
What will happen? Read and discuss popular
books with others in your year group. Books are
chosen by members. Points /3

B. 7 Talk about your school.

EAL Homework Club Say:
When? 1.30—2.10 pm ∙ what it looks like (the building from outside
What Day? Mon, Tues, Thurs, Fri and inside)
Where? B6 ∙ what clubs and sports facilities the school has
What will happen? Homework Club to provide ∙ what your typical school day is like
assistance for pupils who speak English as an
additional language
C.
Theatre Group
When? 3.10 pm (after school)
What Day? Tuesday (and additional days when
necessary)
What will happen? Drama Performances,
Summer Arts Rehearsal etc
D.
Fashion Design Club
When? 3.10—4.10 pm
What Day? Mondays
What will happen? Learn to make your own
fashionable clothes.
Products will be presented at an end of year
fashion show in the summer arts festival.

Points /4

6 You have got a letter from your friend,

Patrick, who lives in France. He is going
to take an English course at the Language
School in Bristol, UK. You want to join him
but you need more information about
the course. To complete the e-mail ask
about the following:
∙ start date of the course
∙ the price
∙ the sports facilities

98
 8

You are school students from different epochs. Student A is from the past and Student B is from the
future. By some miracle, you meet here and now. You make friends and are chatting on the sports
ground of a school.

Student A
It feels funny to sit here and chat with a person
from the future.
Ancient? It looks very modern to me. In the ...
century schools were different.
Student B
To me it also feels strange to be on this ancient
sports ground. I’m from the .... century, remember?
I’m curious what it was like in your time. Was edu-
cation compulsory and did everyone go to school?

points to discuss and compare:

⚬ whether education is compulsory or not and what it’s like;
⚬ who teaches you;
⚬ school uniform and discipline;
⚬ books you enjoy and what they look like (paper books and e-books).

Yes, we certainly have. We help each other at school And how about friends? Do you have friends at
and if anyone gets into trouble. And we have fun school?
together. So do we. I think friends are very important. In any
place and in any century.

Mark your score

For tasks 1—6, you can get 15 points.

15—14 points — Well done!
13—12 points — Good!
11—9 points — You can do better!
8 points or less — Revise and try again!

Tasks 7 and 8 should be evaluated by your teacher.

4 SPORT IS FUN
SECTION 1 Why people do sports

1 Look at the pictures. Match the pictures

FOOTBALL
and the sports. Which countries are these
ICE-SKATING sports associated with?
1
HORSE RIDING WORD FOCUS
BOXING
2 Read, translate and learn.
FIGURE SKATING
Sport (uncountable) — sport in general. She
2 TENNIS is not very good at sports / in sport.
Sports (countable)  — a type of sport.
BASEBALL
Football, tennis, athletics are all sports;
ICE HOCKEY — sports centre, a sports club, a sports
CYCLING jacket, a sports car; a sports fan;
3 — a fine / talented sportsman;
SKIING — be good at/ be fond of sport;
CHESS — do sports;
— watch sports;
BASKETBALL — be sporty.
4

5 3 Listen and repeat the words for the most

popular sports and sport activities. Say which
a RUSSIA
words sound similar in Russian.
b GREAT BRITAIN football, table tennis, badminton, volleyball,
c GREECE 6 chess, gymnastics, aerobics, dance, cycling,
swimming, walking, skiing, ice-skating, horse
d USA riding, windsurfing, jumping, running,
e NORWAY boxing, figure skating, wrestling, hockey,
judo, kickboxing, polo, rugby, baseball,
f FINLAND
7 athletics, handball
g CANADA
4 a) Read and say what sports these people
h ITALY are talking of.
8
i GERMANY 1. “A round ball is used in this game. Two teams
of 11 players kick it. They are not allowed to
j BRAZIL handle (брать руками) the ball.”
2. “To keep fit they travel by bicycle every
9
weekend. They have visited a lot of places.
It’s their favourite hobby.”
3. “It’s very popular with women. You can do
it in a sports centre with music or just follow
12 classes shown on TV.”
4. “You can play this game at home or in the
gym. You need a partner, a table, a small
10 11 ball, a net and two small bats (ракетки)”.

100
5. “It’s the cheapest but very healthy form of
sports. Nothing is needed. You get up in
the morning and travel on foot enjoying 6
the countryside (окрестности).” I. bad (плохой) + -ly badly (плохо)
6. “It’s called the sport of kings. Few people
quick (быстрый) + -ly quickly (быстро)
do this sport, most of them watch it or try
usual (обычный) + -ly usually (обычно)
to win some money.”
late (поздний) + -ly lately (недавно)
careful + -ly carefully
(осторожный) (осторожно)
energetic + -ly energetically
5 (энергичный) (энергично)
II. day + -ly daily
(день) (ежедневно)
week + -ly weekly
swimming stadium (неделя) (еженедельно)
ice hockey month + -ly monthly
skating rink (месяц) (ежемесячно)
athletics
Remember:
roller skating pool / lake
There are some adjectives ending in -ly, too:
figure skating friendly (дружелюбный)
river/sea lively [ˈlaɪvlɪ] (оживленный, веселый)
cross-country running
lonely [ˈləʊnlɪ] (одинокий), silly (глупый)
(кросс)
mountains lovely [ˈlʌvlɪ] (приятный)
cycling / skiing
III.But fast (быстрый / быстро)
riding fields
long (длинный / длинно, долго)
tennis low (низкий / низко)
forest
high (высокий / высоко)
water skiing little (маленький / мало)
(водные лыжи) street wide (широкий / широко)
windsurfing far (далекий / далеко)
(катание на доске sports ground early (ранний / рано)
под парусом) late (поздний / поздно)
court
surfing ⎧ (трудно / трудный)
hard ⎨
(тяжелый / тяжело)
(катание на доске ⎩
по волнам) gym

1. The boy ran quickly to the nearest

telephone box.
2. Her sister swims very fast. I’m sure she’ll
win.
3. Hold this vase carefully. Don’t drop it.
4. In summer the young sportsmen got up
early and swam in the sea.
5. The player threw the ball high into the air.
6. How far is it from the court?
7. Will the players stay there long?

101
 8
fast, quickly, before, tomorrow, high, here,
much, long, far, carefully, early, wide, quietly,
once, well, inside, today, badly, sometimes,
usually, always, there, late, above, aloud,
brightly, since, many, correctly, weekly,
nearly, nicely, noisily, outside, politely, slowly,
suddenly, windy, often, low, just

How...
How? When? Where?
(much)?
easily after near little
… … … …

it’s in fashion, it’s interesting to take a chance,

make friends, rest and relax, become strong /
energetic / healthy, lose / gain weight, look
athletic / cool, have a good time, earn money,
enjoy playing / running, get rid of stress, win
the prize, become famous, etc.

10
a) What do teenagers have in common?
b) Why does each one of them do sports?
What is the main reason?

Paul (15, a football player): For me, football is

much more interesting than music or videos —
it definitely comes first. But I’m not just a
football fan, I’m a player as well. I practise my
skills every day in the garden or down on the
field. I train hard twice a week and on Sundays.
I have been playing (играю) for nine years now,
and I’d like to become a professional.
Football is great and exciting. Recently I’ve
won the Player of the Year award. I’ve also been
on TV and on the Chelsea football programme.

Danny (a teenage surf instructor): Surfing is

such a great sport. I don’t need much to be
happy. The ocean, waves, sunny weather and
my surfboard make me happy. I enjoy catching
and riding a wave. Sometimes dolphins ride
the waves with me and my friends. We feel safe
when they’re around. But every time I go out
of the water I’m so glad to be alive.
Surfing makes me appreciate (ценить) my life.

102
Steve (13, a hockey fan): I’m from Quebec, 12
home of the Montreal Canadians, the most
successful professional hockey team. That’s
why I’m fond of hockey. I’ve loved hockey
since I was three years old. Hockey — game, ...; skate, ...; strong,
Though I’m not good at playing I know ...; quickly, ... .
everything about hockey, the teams and the
players. I enjoy watching the game. I’m sure 13
that the speed of the game on the ice has made ∙ Paul isn’t just a football fan, but a good
hockey one of the most popular game in the sportsman.
world. ∙ Danny is a brave boy.
I hope to become a referee when I’m an adult. ∙ Steve is an experienced fan.
∙ Natasha loves figure skating.

Natasha (13, a figure skater): I love figure 14

skating more than anything. It was my elder
sister who first took me to the skating rink.
Now I skate four times a week and I never get
bored of it. The ice, the music, the dance — it’s
like a fairy tale. And I’ve been very lucky  —
I’ve had a wonderful coach. I’d like to become
a coach too.
I’m from a small town, so I travel to Moscow
and back each week — but I love skating, it’s so
worth it!
15
A Jim sees two boys running.
“Why are they running?” he asks Ben.
“The boy who comes first gets the prize,”
says Ben.
“Now I see. But why is the second boy
running?” asks Jim.

11

В “Mr Brooks is quite a linguist, isn’t he?”

“I never knew it.”
1. It’s one of the most popular sports in my “Oh, yes, he knows three languages.”
country. It has a glorious history and many “What are they?”
traditions. Our skaters often win first place “Boxing, tennis and basketball.”
and have great success. People from all over
the world come to see their unforgettable
performances.
2. It was born in England. But now it has
become the national sport in many countries.
About 20 million people fill the stadiums
every year to support their favourite players. С Ken: Can you tell me what Kate is doing?
3. It’s usually associated with Australia or Jane: Certainly. If the ice is thick, she is
California and, of course, Hawaii, with their skating, but if the ice is thin, she is
sunny climates and the ocean. But to do this swimming.
sport you have to be strong, brave and patient.
4. There are moments when it’s impossible to
see what’s happening on the ice because of
all the quick movements. Players have to be
able to change direction while moving at
very high speeds.

103
 SECTION 2

16

To keep fit most people do sports. Some of

them join a sports club. The most popular
individual sports are walking, swimming,
cycling and aerobics.
People work hard. They come home late
and are busy at weekends. They have no time
to go to a sports club or a sports centre which
isn’t quite near their homes. They can hardly
do sports seriously. They just want to relax.
People of all ages and types do exercises at
home to improve their health and to keep fit.
In the morning they switch on the TV and
follow fitness classes (оздоровительные за-
нятия) at home or go jogging in the park in
the evening.

17

18

Yes No
1. Do you often eat vegetables and fruit? . . . . . . . . .
2. Do you do sports regularly? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Do you watch TV for more than an hour? . . . . . .
4. Do you eat chocolate, sweets, chips
and biscuits every day? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Do you sleep 8—10 hours at night? . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Do you sometimes think about how fit you are? . .
Put “One” for each “Yes”.
What is your total score? . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Now read about yourself:
0—3: Oh, dear! Forget about sweets and chips. You
need fruit and vegetables and lots more
exercises.
3—4: Do more exercises. Be careful what you eat.
5—6: You keep fit! Well done!

104
 21

You can (hard / hardly) know his

19
1. hard (усердный) — hard (усердно)
hardly (едва, с трудом)
Paul works hard. (a lot)
She could hardly speak for tears.
(with difficulty)
2. late (поздний) — late (поздно)
lately (в последнее время)
Even late at night the skating rink is busy.
(at a late time of the night)
I haven’t seen your niece lately. (recently)
Has she gone away?
3. near (близкий) — near (близко)
nearly (почти)
The Brooks live near the stadium.
(not far from)
It took him nearly two hours to get there.
(almost)
4. high (высокий) — high (высоко)
highly (очень, чрезвычайно)
The famous sportsman has jumped very
high.
She thinks highly of your game. (very well)
20
1. The girl could hardly sleep last night.
2. Has he worked hard lately?
3. The little boy looked at his father and threw
the cap high into the air.
23
4. I think Paul is a highly skilled player.
5. The stadium was nearly full.
6. Is the swimming pool near your school?
7. He got up late this morning.
8. This is the best game I’ve seen lately.
name. — You can hardly know his name.
1. Get up! It’s (near / nearly) eight.
2. Last month all the players trained (hard /
hardly).
3. It’s too (слишком) (late / lately). Let’s
speak about the exams tomorrow.
4. We have been proud of our sportsmen (late
/ lately).
5. She was tired and could (hard / hardly)
keep her eyes open.
6. There is a new swimming pool (near /
nearly) our school.
7. Does she think (high / highly) of your
pictures?
8. Look! The bird is flying (high / highly) in
the sky.
22
I was shocked by the news. (I,
speak.) — I could hardly speak.
1. There were a lot of mistakes in your work.
(I, read, it.)
2. The cake was terrible. (She, eat, it.)
3. Oh, we’ve lost the game. (I, believe, my,
eyes.)
4. It was dark. (We, see, each, other.)
5. Will you speak louder, please? (I, can, hear,
you.)
hard — hardly, late — lately, near — nearly,
high — highly

24

[ɪ] [æ] [ŋ] [aɪ] ˈbadminton, ˈvolleyball,

figure badminton swimming boxing riding ˈbasketball, ˈhandball,
tennis athletics skating skiing cycling ˈbaseball, ˈfootball
kickboxing handball cycling wrestling ice hockey
athˈletics, aeˈrobics, gymˈnastics
gymnastics gymnastics riding jumping prize
basketball surfing running wide ˈice ˈhockey, ˈice ˈskating,
ˈfigure ˈskating, ˈkickˌboxing,
ˈwater ˈskiing, ˈwindˌsurfing

105
 25 28

How nice to see you here!

Food Exercises I’m afraid, I’m getting out of shape.
Anna … … Lots of people go there.
It’s not so embarrasing when you make mis-
Mark ... ... takes.
It’s over there.
You were very helpful.
26

— What do you do to keep fit?

— Are there any fitness clubs in your place 29
(village, town, city)? GREAT BRITAIN
— Have you ever gone to a fitness club? £1 — one pound
— Do you do any sports? £20 — twenty pounds
— What sport is it? 1 p — one penny
— How often (regularly) do you do sports? (a hundred pence = a pound)
— Where do you usually do it (at home, at the
stadium, at the school sports ground)? THE UNITED STATES
— What sport is popular in your family? $1 — one dollar
— Do you take part in any competitions? $20 — twenty dollars
— Have you ever won a prize or medal there? 1 с — one cent
(a hundred cents = a dollar)
27
Melissa: Hi, Helen! How nice to meet you here! EUROPEAN UNION
Helen: Hello! I’m really glad to see you too! €1 — one euro
Melissa: What are you doing here? €20 — twenty euros
Helen: You know, I don’t do sports at my college 1 с — one cent
now. And I’m getting out of shape. So (a hundred cents = a euro)
I’ve decided that every week I will do at
least one sporty thing. RUSSIA
1 — one rouble
Melissa: That’s great! You can join me. I do
20 — twenty roubles
aerobics here. The only problem is that
one kopeck
aerobics classes are really popular, so
(a hundred kopecks = a rouble)
a lot of people go to them.
Helen: I’m afraid I prefer smaller classes. It’s not
so embarrasing (не так неловко) when
you make mistakes. If there are a lot of
people in your class, I’ll try something
else.
Melissa: OK. What are your favourite sports?
Helen: Oh, many of them. I love athletics. But
I  love to watch it — not to do it myself!
I  think I will go swimming. Is there
a wimming pool here?
Melissa: Sure. It’s over there. Shall I show you the
way?
Helen: No, thank you. I’ll find it myself. You
were very helpful. Bye-bye!

106
30 31

∙ Solarium
∙ Sauna
∙ Bar / Restaurant
a) What is the latest possible time you could
∙ Water gymnastics
enter Reverie swimming pool to go swim-
∙ Outdoor swimming pool (28 °C)
ming on Wednesday, on Sunday?
∙ Indoor swimming pool (28 °C)
b) How long does a swimming lesson last?
∙ Children’s pool (32 °C)
c) You and your friends are on school holidays
for the summer. You’d like to spend most
afternoons at the pool with you friends. How
much will the cheapest ticket cost you?
▶ . . . . . . . . . . . 6:30 a.m. — 12:30 p.m.
d) During the school term you want to swim
4:00 p.m. — 9:00 p.m.
every day at 6:45 a.m. Will you be able to go
▶ . . . . 6:30 a.m. — 9:00 p.m. swimming every day? Circle the correct
Saturday, answer. One has been done for you.
Sunday
and Holidays ▶ . . . . . . . 7:30 a.m. — 9:00 p.m. Monday Pool open / Pool closed
Tuesday Pool open / Pool closed
Last entry 1 hour before closing time Wednesday Pool open / Pool closed
Thursday Pool open / Pool closed
Friday Pool open / Pool closed
Saturday Pool open / Pool closed
Sunday Pool open / Pool closed
Adults $5.00
32
Children & youth (6—18 years) $3.00

Adults $50.00
healthy diet, sports, much sleep, well-
Children & youth (6—18 years) $30.00
organized work, open air, fitness clubs, good
mood, bad habits (smoking, drinking, drugs,
alcohol), too much work, noisy neighbours,
Adults $50.00 computers, fast food, sweets, chocolate, ...
Children & youth (6—18 years) $30.00
33

10 practice hours Adults $75.00 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
15 practice hours Eat with pleasure, drink with measure.
Children & youth (up to 15 years) $55.00

(Practice hour = 45 minutes for adults,

youths and children)

107
 34
Робин-Бобин
Кое-как
Подкрепился
Robin-the-Bobbin, Натощак:
the big-bellied Ben, Съел теленка
He ate more meat Утром рано,
than fourscore men; Двух овечек
He ate a cow, И барана,
he ate a calf, Съел корову
He ate a butcher Целиком и прилавок
and a half, С мясником,
He ate a church, Сотню жаворонков в тесте
he ate a steeple, И коня с телегой вместе,
He ate a priest Пять церквей и колоколен —
and all the people! Да еще и недоволен!
A cow and a calf,
Перевод С. Маршака
An ox and a half,
A church and a steeple,
And all the good people,
And yet he complained Робин-Бобин Барабек
that his stomach wasn’t full. Скушал сорок человек,
И корову, и быка,
big-bellied — с большим брюхом И кривого мясника.
fourscore [fɔ:ˈskɔ:] — устарев. восемьдесят И телегу, и дугу,
calf [kɑ:f] — теленок И метлу, и кочергу.
butcher [ˈbʊʧə] — мясник Скушал церковь,
steeple [ˈsti:pl] — колокольня Скушал дом,
priest [pri:st] — священник И кузницу с кузнецом,
ox — бык А потом и говорит:
complained [kəmˈpleɪnd] — жаловался „У меня живот болит“.
stomach [ˈstʌmək] — желудок Перевод К. Чуковского

35

108
36 37
1. If a person has some problems with his /
her skin, he / she should have ... .
2. If you have got a bad cold, you need vitamin
1. Vitamins make people healthy. ⬜ ..., which is in ... .
2. We get vitamins doing sports. ⬜ 3. To make your bones strong you should ... .
3. People don’t need vitamin C. ⬜ 4. If you can hardly see in the dark, you
should have ... every day.
4. If you want to be healthy, you should ⬜
5. You should have ... to make your nervous
eat less fruit and vegetables.
system work.
5. There are about ten vitamins extremely ⬜ 6. People need vitamins to ... .
necessary for people.
38
People need vitamins to stay healthy.
A: Do you like spaghetti?
“Vita” means life in Latin. People get vitamins
B: No, I don’t.
from the food they eat. There are a lot of
vitamins in fruit and vegetables. But you can A: Do you like chicken with rice?
hardly find any useful vitamins in Coke, chips B: I don’t mind.
and other fast food. Each vitamin is responsible A: Do you like pizza?
for different things in the human body. There В: Oh, it’s not bad. But I don’t like Italian
are about ten major vitamins. They are usually food very much.
named by a letter of the alphabet (А, В, С, D, A: Do you like hamburgers?
etc). B: Yes, I do. I like hamburgers and chips.
∙ Vitamin A is in green and yellow vegetables, A: I’m afraid they don’t have any chips. Do
milk and eggs. It’s necessary for seeing in you like salad?
the dark. B: Salad? Oh, no! Do they have mushrooms?
∙ Vitamin B1 is in meat, porridge and bread. A: I think so. What about green apples?
B1 is responsible for the nervous system. B: Yes, they’re all right. And...
Lack of this vitamin leads to serious
A: All right. We’ve got enough for lunch,
illnesses and even death.
don’t we?
∙ Vitamin С is in every fruit and vegetable.
B: Are you sure? I like eating so much!
You can find this vitamin in black currants,
strawberries, oranges and grapefruits, 39
onions, cabbages and green peppers.
Vitamin С is important for building bones
and teeth. It helps to prevent colds. It’s not bad; What about...?; They are all right;
∙ Vitamin D is in eggs. People can also get it That’s enough; I don’t mind; They haven’t
from sunlight. It makes our bones strong. got any...; They’ve got...; We’ve got enough
∙ Vitamin E is necessary for skin and body. for...
It’s in the wheat and nuts.
∙ Vitamins B6 and К are necessary for human
blood. You can find B6 in beans and milk;
К — in potatoes, tomatoes and carrots.
Vitamins make people healthy, optimistic and
strong.
Remember: 40
I eat to live, but I don’t live to eat. Choose
healthy food.
∙ a healthy diet for a day
∙ daily routine
∙ sports or exercises

109
 SECTION 3

41 45
Sister: Hello, Jim! You’re late today.
Brother: Yes. I don’t feel well today. I’m tired. If a student has got flu, he can
Sister: Maybe too many lessons? (should) miss school.
Brother: Not too many. The game was very
hard. have got a sore throat (finger), a headache,
Sister: What game are you talking about? a stomachache, a toothache, a backache, flu,
Brother: The game between our local basket- a bad cold, a runny nose, a cough, temperature.
ball team and York’s team. We did
our best but lost it. We were out of 46
luck. But next time we won’t miss
our chance. 1. Sick people don’t stay in bed if ⬜
Sister: Anyway, you look tired. You’d better they’ve got flu.
go to bed earlier today. 2. We seldom cough when we’ve got ⬜
a cold.
42 3. People usually get sore throats when ⬜
they laugh much.
4. People usually go to the doctor when ⬜
feel fine / well / ill / sick / bad they are well.
have got a sore throat (eye, finger) / a headache / 5. Children get headaches when they ⬜
a stomachache / a toothache / a backache / have been playing football too much.
a runny nose / a cough / a cold / flu 6. When you have a toothache, you go ⬜
to the dentist.
43
7. If a student has got a runny nose and ⬜
cough, he should miss school.
∙ if you eat too fast?
∙ if you eat a lot of sweets and chocolate?
∙ if you don’t eat fruit and vegetables?
∙ if you get wet (промокли) on a cold day?
∙ if your neighbours make much noise?
∙ if you play football / badminton?
∙ if you fall down?
If I run fast, I might get a backache.

44

110
 47
a nurse, a hospital, a doctor, a chemist,
a dentist, a pharmacy.
a) ... is a place where people who are ill are
looked after by doctors and nurses.
b) ... is a person who has a shop where
medicines are sold.
c) ... is a shop where medicines are sold.
d) ... is a person who treats sick people.
e) ... is a person who treats people’s teeth.
f) ... is a person who takes care of sick or old
people.
48
At the pharmacy / At the chemist’s:
Have you got something for a cold (a cough,
a sore throat, a headache ...)?
At the doctor’s:
I’m afraid I don’t feel very well.
I’ve got a headache (a backache, a toothache,
a runny nose).
I’ve got a temperature.
49
Doctor: Well, what’s the matter with you,
Mr Grant?
Mr Grant: I don’t feel very well. I’ve got a
headache and a runny nose.
Doctor: Have you taken your temperature?
What is it?
Mr Grant: Doctor! It’s 38.5 (thirty eight point
five). And I feel bad, I’ve got a sore
throat. Oh, I feel more dead than alive.
Doctor: I’m sorry to hear that. I’m sure things
aren’t as bad as you imagine.
Everything will be all right. Let me
examine (осмотреть) you.
Mr Grant: Oh, I hate staying in bed and taking
medicine.
Doctor: Well, I think you’ve got flu.
Mr Grant: That’s too bad. Poor me.
Doctor: Take it easy. It’s only flu. Take the
medicine and stop worrying. Eat more
fruit and vegetables. Give up meat and
fast food. Goodbye, and cheer up.
Mr Grant: Goodbye, doctor. Thanks a lot.
50
take medicine, have a good sleep, have a rest,
take your temperature, take a hot bath /
shower, stop worrying, have fruit and
vegetables, give up meat / fast food / chocolate
and sweets, go for a walk, do morning
exercises, jog in the morning, keep fit, visit
sports club or centre, etc.
Be careful! Don’t forget to ... ; Don’t worry;
Take it easy; Cheer up; Everything will be all
right; I’m sure; I’m sorry; I believe.
51
Doctor: What’s the matter with you?
Bob: Oh, doctor. I’m ill, very ill.
Doctor: Then show me your tongue.
Bob: Oh, dear doctor, no tongue can tell
you how ill I am.
Doctor: I think you are better today. You
cough more easily this morning.
Patient: I should. I’ve been practising all
night.
Dentist: What’s the matter? I haven’t touched
your tooth yet.
Man (in the dentist’s chair): No, but you
are standing on my foot.
111
 52
When an Englishman asks you about your
health, it’s usually only a polite question. He
doesn’t want you to give a detailed medical
report of your health. He’ll be greatly surprised
if you give him one.
— How are you?
—…
53
1. What do you do when you fall ill? Do you
like being ill?
2. What does the doctor do when he / she
comes?
3. Who looks after you when you are sick?
4. What do you like doing when you are sick?
5. What do you hate doing when you are sick?
6. Do you take care of your parents / sister /
brother when they are sick? What do you do?
7. Would you like to become a doctor / a
dentist / a nurse? Why? / Why not?
54
I
The day of the surfing competition was hot
and sunny.
The waves were very big but Nick was a strong
swimmer and his new board was good. He sat
on it in the water and waited.
A big wave arrived and Nick started to swim
strongly. Nick caught the wave well and stood
up on his board. The people on the beach
112
watched — it was exciting to watch. Suddenly
Nick heard a noise.
A surfboard hit his right arm. He fell from his
board. A second big wave hit him and he saw
Brian’s board coming at him.
His head went under the water. The water was
in his mouth. His arm was hurt. He started to
swim but it was not easy.
II
He sat down on his board and moved slowly
towards the beach. He was tired and it was
difficult to move his right arm. When he
arrived, he put his board under his left arm.
He could hardly walk.
People looked at him. Some of them started to
talk to him, but he didn’t want to talk. He sat
on the beach and looked at the waves. Janelle
walked across the beach to him. “Why did you
fall, Nick? That was a good wave, and you
caught it very well...”
“It was Brian. He came at me on his board and
hit me. I hurt my arm — but perhaps it was an
accident.”
“An accident? I don’t think so. I saw him — he
cut across you (подрезал тебя). It was very
dangerous.”
“Well, I lost the competition. Brian has won —
it’s goodbye to my plans to go to Australia
before college.”
55 di 60

56 water polo, exciting, a referee, to bite a

forward, a team, to satisfy
This happened in Australia, during a water
polo game. It was one of the main sports events
of the season. There was nothing exciting at the
57 beginning of the game; but suddenly one of the
players jumped out of the water and ran to the
referee. He said: “One of the forwards of the
58 other team bit me in the leg while I was
swimming under the water.”
At first the referee thought that it was just a
59 joke. But when the player pointed to the blood
on his leg, he had to believe that it was serious.
He called the forward and asked him why he
tennis, gymnastics, cycling, boxing, judo, had done such a strange thing. The forward
football, swimming, running, hockey, figure said, “I didn’t bite anybody.” But the referee
skating; made him leave the game.
They began again, but a few minutes later
two players, one from each team, jumped out of
the water. They were bitten. There was blood on
both players’ legs. The game was stopped, and
they began to let the water out of the pool.
When all the water was let out, everybody saw a
young crocodile at the bottom of the pool.
Somebody had put the crocodile into the
pool, but why?

The truth became known when the players

returned back to their dressing room after the
game and found a letter there.
“I’ve been a water polo fan for many years,”
the author of the letter wrote, “and I am not
satisfied with the way the players have played.
They allowed the game to become slow and
uninteresting, and I have decided that I must
do something to make them move faster. I don’t
think I can do this myself, and I have decided
that my crocodile will do it better.”

113
 SECTION 4

61

1. Where and when were the first Olympic Games held?

2. Which countries were the hosts of the Olympic Games for three times?
3. Name (at least 3 countries) where the Olympic Games weren’t held?
4. When and in what city in Russia were the Olympic Games held?

Summer Winter Summer Winter

Years Olympic Olympic Years Olympic Years Olympic
Games Games Games Games
1896 Greece — 1964 Japan — Ausrtia
1900 France — 1968 Mexico — France
1904 USA — 1972 Germany — Japan
1908 England — 1976 Canada — Austria
1912 Sweden — 1980 USSR (Russia) — —
1920 Belgium — 1984 USA — Yugoslavia
1924 France — 1988 Korea — Canada
1928 Netherlands Switzerland 1992 Spain — France
1932 USA USA 1996 USA 1994 Norway
1936 Germany Germany 2000 Australia 1998 Japan
1948 England Switzerland 2004 Greece 2002 USA
1952 Finland Norway 2008 China 2006 Italy
1956 Australia Italy 2012 England 2010 Canada
1960 Italy USA 2016 Brazil 2014 Russia

114
62
1. Pierre de Coubertin was a famous
sportsman.
2. Six linked rings are the emblem of the
Olympic Games.
3. The Olympic motto can be described in the
following words: “The important thing is
not taking part but winning.”
4. Now the Olympic Games are the most
important sports event in the world.
64
1. Why did Coubertin decide to revive the
Olympic Games at the end of the 19th
century?
2. Coubertin thought highly of sport, didn’t
he? Prove this idea using the text.
3. When did the Olympic Games begin again?
4. What has become a symbol of the Olympic
Games? What does this symbol mean?
5. Are the Olympic Games popular now?

63

At the end of the nineteenth

century a Frenchman called Baron
Pierre de Coubertin decided to try
to revive the Olympic Games. At
that time, Europe was divided by
wars. Coubertin thought that the
Olympic Games could help to bring
peace. He thought highly of sport.
He described the Olympic spirit in
the following words: “The important
thing is not winning but taking part.” These
words are still remembered today. 65
Coubertin believed very strongly that
sportsmen must not compete for money, but
for glory (слава) and for the honour of their Olympics
country. made up his mind
At first, nobody was interested in his ideas. then
But Coubertin did not give up and worked had a good opinion of
hard. In 1894, he formed the International state
Olympic Committee and on 5 April 1896, the participate
Olympic Games began again, after nearly various sports
fifteen centuries. almost
In 1913, Coubertin created an emblem of
five linked rings. They became a symbol of the
peace
Olympic Games. These five rings represent
have a low opinion of
five parts of the world: Europe, America,
lose
Australia, Africa, Asia.
forget
Since then the Olympic Games have
have a rest
become the most important sports event in the
finish
world. They are held once every four years.
everybody
The greatest wish for all the sportsmen is to
at the beginning
win a medal, or simply to take part in the
Olympic Games. 66

115
 67

Alexey Yagudin is the Olympic

champion in figure skating. He won the
Olympic Games in 2002.

Elena Isinbaeva, Olga Zaitseva,

athletics, 2004, 2008 biathlon, 2006, 2010

Anastasia Ermakova, Eugenia Kanaeva, Alexey Yagudin, Pavel Bure,

Anastasia Davydova, gymnastics, figure skating, ice hockey,
synchronised swimming, 2004, 2008 2008, 2012 2002 1998, 2002

69
68 a) Steve: What are you going to do on Saturday?
Paul: No idea.
  [ʧ]   [k]
Steve: Let’s go to the stadium to watch the
champion hockey
volleyball match, then. My friends will
championship kickboxing
take part in the game.
chess luck
Paul: It’s great. I hope they will be pleased if
change unlucky
we come.
chance quickly
cheap pick b) Sandy: Do you like sports, Henry?
match ticket Henry: Yes, especially swimming.
much back Sandy: Are you good at it?
rich knock Henry: I like swimming very much. But I can’t
each clock swim at all. I enjoy watching swimming
competitions and championships on
  [k]   [s]
TV.
compete race
c) Sandy: What about going to the school play-
competition cycling
ground? There will be a race.
court century
cycling place Kerry: Who will take part in it?
success since Sandy: The boys from our school and Winster
country choice school. Our boys are good runners.
carefully decide Kerry: I’m sure one of them will win the race.
communicate excellent Sandy: Let’s go and see, shall we?
aerobics nicely
athletics peace

116
 70

— Why do people like to compete?

— Does the love for competition depend on
personal characteristics?
— What are the main traits of character of
a good sportsman?
— Should everyone try to become a good
sportsman?

to be the first, to try their chance, to succeed,

to prove their friends and relatives that they are
strong and independent, to become stronger, to
have good friends among the sportsmen, just to
spend time, to meet new people, to relax, to
make a good career, to follow family traditions,
to be healthy, to travel much, etc

71

1. Number 1 is swimming fast.

2. Number 3 is swimming faster than
Number 1. But:
3. Number 7 is swimming fastest (of all). slower — slowest
a) slowly
high (высоко) — higher (выше) — highest more slowly— most slowly
(выше всех) quicker — quickest
b) quickly
early (рано) — earlier (раньше) — earliest more quickly — most quickly
(раньше всех)
1. We got there quicker (more quickly) than
hard — harder — hardest Mr Potter did.
loud — louder — loudest 2. Could you speak slower (more slowly),
late — later — latest please?
soon — sooner — soonest 3. Which of the sportsmen ran slowest
(most slowly)?
1. Please, speak louder! I can’t hear you!
2. The boy gets up earlier than his sister. Remember:
3. Which of them worked harder? well — better — best
much — more — most
lazily (лениво) — more lazily (ленивее) — badly — worse — worst
most lazily (самый ленивый) little — less — least
correctly (правильно) — more correctly
1. Fred speaks German worse than Kate,
(правильнее) — most correctly (самый пра-
but she writes better.
вильный)
2. Which match do you like best of all?
She drives more carefully in the evening. 3. Jane swam worst in the race.

117
 72
The motto of the Games was “Moscow, the
Wide World of Youth” and the emblem was of a
быстро осторожно хорошо boy and a girl holding hands and running
высоко медленно плохо together. The mascot of the games was a bear
поздно успешно много cub (медвежонок) Mishutka, who was a
рано легко мало relative of the Olympic Bear of 1980 Summer
Games in Moscow.
73 The programme of the Games consisted of
My elder brother gets up ... (early) sports events and cultural programme.
than me.  — My elder brother gets up earlier The sports programme included fifteen most
than me. popular sports: soccer, volleyball, basketball,
1. The little boy ran ... (fast) than he had ever swimming, tennis, light athletics and others.
run before. They are included into the sports and physical
2. “You should work ... (hard) than you did culture programmes of many countries.
last year,” Mr Brown said. The Games also provided cultural events: for
3. He swam ... (bad) than usual yesterday, example, an international discussion “If I were
didn’t he? the President of the International Olympic
4. Could you say it ... (slowly), please? Committee”, a project “Marathon Into the 21st
5. I liked her dance ... (well) of all. Century. Sports Against AIDS and Drugs”.
6. Which of you can ski ... (well)? The cultural programme was interesting for
7. The doctor told her to eat ... (little) sweets both the sportsmen and the guests of the Games.
and chocolate. They were shown the national culture and
traditions of Russia: national sports, games,
74 songs and dances, as well as displays of drawings
1. Which of you speaks (read, write) English and posters by young Russians.
best? In the International Club there were also
2. Do you work harder at your English now meetings with Olympic champions of various
than you did last year? nations and Days of National Cultures. Girls
3. Which of you can swim (run, ski, skate) and boys of different countries, races and
fastest? religions of the planet could meet and rest in the
4. Which of you plays tennis (football, basket- International Club.
ball) worst? The cultural programme included trips to
5. Which of you can jump highest? the best historic and cultural centres of Moscow,
6. Who is more modest: you or your friend? theatre performances and visits to museums.

75

I draw better than my friend, but she

speaks English better than me.

76

On 11 through 19 July, 1998 the World

Youth Games were held in Moscow, the
capital of Russia. They were attended by more
than 7,000 young athletes of between 11 and 18
from over 140 countries of the world.

118
77 79
1. 7,000.
2. From 11 to 18. 1. About 300 drawings of funny animals were
3. 140 countries. received by the Youth Games organizers.
4. In Moscow. Among the drawings there were a cockerel
5. Mishutka was. from France, a chick from Italy, rabbits,
6. Cultural events. hedgehogs and others.
7. The National culture and traditions of
Russia. 2. The open competition for the mascot was
8. 15. the best idea. It attracted both young
9. In the International Club. artists, professional masters and designers.
10. Trips to the best historic centres. Drawings came to Moscow from all over
11. For both sportsmen and guests. Russia and from many foreign countries.
12. Soccer, volleyball and others.
3. The animal competition for the role of the
78 mascot of World Youth Games ended in the
victory of Mishutka, the bear cub.
The date: 11—19 July, 1998
The participants: 4. The choice of a mascot for the 1st World
The motto: Youth Games in Moscow was a very
The emblem: difficult problem.
The mascot:
The sports programme:
The cultural programme:

80

1. Find the information about any World

Youth Games.
2. Analyse it using the plan in Ex. 78.
3. Prepare a presentation. Use different kinds
of visuals: pictures, photos, etc.
4. Make a presentation for your classmates.

119
 HOMEWORK

1 6
cycling, cricket, table tennis, aerobics, tennis, £20 — twenty pounds
skiing, chess, walking, running, hockey, $50; £15.30; 99c; £100; $1,000,000; £1.048;
rugby, figure skating, swimming, baseball, 10р; €30; €22.99
ice-skating, boxing
7
individual team games pair

jumping cricket boxing 8

… … …
kinds of food: cabbage,...
2 human body: teeth,...
human’s characteristics: healthy,...
1. He прыгай, здесь высоко. Это опасно.
2. Я не хочу уходить домой так рано. 9
Давай побудем еще немного.
3. “Почему ты говоришь так тихо?”  — 1. What are vitamins?
“Не хочется говорить громко. Тут так 2. Why do people need them?
красиво”. 3. What should people eat to be healthy?
4. “Как долго вы дружите?”  — “Дольше
чем ты думаешь”. 10
5. Иди быстрее! Нам надо добраться
раньше Ника.
stomachache, troublemaker, toothache, fine,
3 sore finger, cough, sore throat

My little brother is a real ... . Every morning he

a) What makes hockey the most popular has a ... because he doesn’t want to go to
game? school. If he says he has a ..., be sure that he
b) When do people surfing in the ocean feel has a test that day! When he starts doing his
safe? homework, he always has got a ... or a ... . To
c) Why don’t most figure skaters get bored stay at home when his classmates sing at the
of skating? concert he says he has a ... or a ... . But he
d) What does a person have to do to become always feels ... when it is the time to watch TV
a professional? or to play computer games!

4 11

You should eat more vegetables and

If you have flu, you should stay in bed.
fruit because they are much better for your
health than fast food.
∙ have a headache
5 ∙ feel sick
∙ have temperature
∙ have a cough
∙ have a backache
hard, hardly, late, lately, near, nearly, high,
∙ have a toothache
highly
∙ have a sore eye

120
 ∙ One of the players said that a player from
∙ don’t watch TV the other team had bitten him in the leg.
∙ take your temperature ∙ There was nothing exciting at the beginning
∙ give up food and drink much water of a water polo game.
∙ take medicines ∙ The game was stopped and the water was
∙ drink hot milk let out from the pool.
∙ visit a dentist at once ∙ It was found out that a fan had put the
∙ stay in bed crocodile into the pool to make the players
move faster.
12 ∙ Soon two other players jumped out of the
water with bites on their legs.

13 16

14 were bitten (были укушены)

17
∙ Nick wasn’t afraid of the big waves because
he was...
∙ The people on the beach watched him
because...
∙ Nick fell from his board because...
18
∙ It was not easy to swim because...
∙ Janelle didn’t believe that it was an accident
because... 19
∙ Nick couldn’t go to Australia because...
20
15

∙ The referee thought it was a joke and let were attended, the emblem was, consisted of,
the player leave the game. included, also provided, for both the sportsmen
∙ Everyone saw a young crocodile. and guests.

KEY VOCABULARY

Nouns: Adverbs: Expressions and word combinations:

athlete hard / hardly be good at
cent high / highly do sports
court late / lately feel fine / well / ill / sick / bad
dollar near / nearly have got a cold / flu
euro have got a headache (stomachache, a toothache,
Olympics (the) a backache)
penny (two pence) have got a runny nose / a cough
pound have got a sore throat (eye, finger)
swimming pool keep fit
sports centre / club
sports fan
watch sports
European Union

121

PROGRESS CHECK
1 movement, now known as the Paralympic
a) What sport does Angela do?
1) Windsurfing
2) Tennis
3) Cycling
b) Why did Angela start doing her sport?
1) She wanted to keep fit.
2) Her friend did it.
3) Her family are fans of it.
c) Where is Angela planning to spend her
summer holidays?
1) Abroad.
2) In the country.
3) At the seaside.
d) Why didn’t Angela take part in the latest
competition?
1) She was ill in bed.
2) She was taking an exam.
3) She had injured her leg.
Points /8
2
The history of the Paralympic Games
started in 1948 in England. Sir Ludwig
Guttmann, a well-known doctor, organized a
sports competition for British veterans who
had taken part in World War II and became
disabled. Ludwig Guttmann was sure that
sport was a perfect method of therapy for
people with a physical disability. He believed
in the power of sport to change lives.  The
doctor kept saying that sport improves physical
122
abilities and helps to stop depression. Four
years later, competitors from Holland joined
Guttmann’s competition. The international
Movement, was born.
Little by little, the sports competition for
athletes with a disability became popular. In
1960 the first Paralympic Games were held
in Rome, Italy. They attracted 400 athletes
from 23 countries. Nowadays the Paralympic
Games are the second biggest sporting event
in the world.
The name of the competition — Paralympic
Games comes from the word ‘parallel’. It means
‘the games in addition to the Olympic Games’.
Since 1988, the Paralympic Games are held
regularly at the same place as the Olympic
Games. As a rule, they begin at least three
weeks after the end of the Olympics.
The Paralympic flag has a white back-
ground, with the  Paralympic symbol  (three
“agitos” of different colours) in the centre. The
agito (“I move” in  Latin) is a symbol of
movement, it looks like a moon. The agitos are
red, blue and green because these three colours
are most often used in national flags of
countries.
In 2014, the eleventh Paralympic Winter
Games were held in Sochi, Russia. 45
National Paralympic Teams took part in the
Games. Russia hosted the Paralympics for the
first time. The sportsmen competed in five
sports. The Russian team had the best results.
Russian athletes won 80 awards (30 gold, 28
silver and 22 bronze medals). This is a record
for the number of medals won by a single
country during a single Winter Paralympic
Games.
1) Who arranged the first sport competition
for disabled people?
a) A doctor.
b) An athlete.
c) An officer.
2) Where were the first Paralympic Games
held?
a) In Great Britain.
b) In Holland.
c) In Italy.
3) What does the word Paralympic mean?
a) a parallel game.
b) for disabled people.
c) two Olympic Games.
 4) What does the Paralympic flag look like? Окончание
a) A white flag with a picture in the middle.
The dates of 7—23 February 2014
b) A three-coloured flag without any pictures.
the event
c)  A three-coloured flag with a picture in
the corner. Number of 3500 athletes from 88 countries
5) How many times has Russia organized the participants (more than ever before),
Paralympic Games? including first timers Paraguay
a) One. [ˈpærəɡwai] and Zimbabwe
b) Two. [zɪmˈbɑ:bwi]
c) Three.
The Mascots a polar bear, a European hare,
Number 1 2 3 4 5 and an Amur leopard.

Letter The winners The Russian Federation team;

the teams from Norway and
Canada.
Points /5
The Russian team: 13 gold, 11
You have received a letter from your silver and 9 bronze medals /
English-speaking friend, Steve. total 33 medals; more than any
other team participating in the
... I have caught a bad cold. And I’m staying in Games
bed now. I feel very bored…
… What do you do when you are ill and have to
stay at home? What books do you like to read?
What do you do to stay healthy? …
Student A Student B
Write him a letter and answer his 3
questions. You want to start to do Find out your friend’s
Remember the rules of letter writing. a sport but you don’t reasons for doing
know which. Inform sports.
Points /3 your friend about your Give the advice about
wish. what sport you friend
3 Explain your reasons should choose. Give
for doing sports. some reasons.
Ask for advice what Politely refuse. Explain
The place Sochi, a resort city in the south sport to choose. your reason.
where the of Russia; eleven world-class Accept the advice /
22nd Winter sports facilities constructed Reject the advice.
Olympic specially for the Games Invite your friend to
Games the pizzeria.
happened

Mark your score

For tasks 1—6, you can get 15 points.

15—14 points — Well done!
13—12 points — Good!
11—9 points — You can do better!
8 points or less — Revise and try again!

Tasks 7 and 8 should be evaluated by your teacher.

123
Appendix 1 Grammar reference

GRAMMAR REFERENCE

(Местоимения)

(Личные местоимения) (Притяжательные местоимения:

)
(Возвратные
(объектный падеж: употребляются употребляются без местоимения)
(именительный
перед существительных
падеж: )
) существительными (абсолютная форма)
I me mу mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves

(Числительные)
1/2 — a half
1/4 — a quarter
one first ten tenth
11/2 — one and a half
two second twenty twentieth
1.7 — one point seven
three third thirty thirtieth
four fourth forty fortieth
five fifth fifty fiftieth
six sixth sixty sixtieth
seven seventh seventy seventieth
eight eighth eighty eightieth
nine ninth ninety ninetieth
ten tenth a hundred hundredth
eleven eleventh two hundred two hundredth
twelve twelfth a thousand thousandth
thirteen thirteenth a million millionth
fourteen fourteenth
fifteen fifteenth
sixteen sixteenth 100 — a / one hundred
seventeen seventeenth 200 — two hundred
eighteen eighteenth 1,000 — a / one thousand
nineteen nineteenth 4,000 — four thousand
twenty twentieth 1,000,000 — a / one million
twenty-one twenty-first 1,000,000,000 — a / one billion

137 — one hundred and thirty seven hundreds of students — сотни студентов /
5,253 — five thousand two hundred and fifty three учащихся
2,500,000 — two million five hundred thousand thousands of books — тысячи книг
millions of people — миллионы людей

124
 Appendix 1 Grammar reference

(Глагольные времена)
(Простое настоящее)

I I I
You You You
speak English. don’t speak English. speak English?
We We Do We
They They They
He He He
She speaks English. She doesn’t speak English. Does She speak English?
It It It

I/we/ I/we/
Yes, do. No, don’t.
you/they you/they
Short answers:
Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesn’t.

(Простое прошедшее)

I I I
You You you
He He he
She spoke English. She didn’t speak English. Did she speak English?
It It it
We We we
They They they

I/you/he/she/ I/you/he/she/
Short answers: Yes, did. No, didn’t.
it/we/they it/we/they

(Простое будущее)

I will (shall) I I
won’t (shan’t) speak English. Will (Shall) speak English?
We speak English. We we
You You you
They They they
will speak
He He won’t speak English. Will she speak English?
English.
She She he
It It it
won’t
Yes, I/we will (shall). No, I/we
(shan’t).
Short answers:
you/they/ you/they/
Yes, will. No, won’t.
he/she/it he/she/it

125
Appendix 1 Grammar reference

(Настоящее продолженное)

I am I am Am I
We We we
You are You are Are you
They writing now. They not writing now. they writing now?
He He he
She is She is Is she
It It it
I am. I am not.
Yes, we/you/ No, we/you/
Short answers: they are. they are not.

Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it is not.

(Настоящее завершенное)

I I I
We We we
have written the story. haven’t written the story. Have
You You you
written the
They They they
story?
He He he
She has written the story. She hasn’t written the story. Has she
It It it

I / you/ I / you/
Yes, have. No, haven’t.
Short answers: we/ they we/ they

Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t.

(Иметь)

I I I
We We we
You have got a computer. You haven’t got a computer. Have you
got
They They they
a computer?
He He he
She has got a computer. She hasn’t got a computer. Has she
It It it
I / you/ I / you/
Yes, have. No, haven’t.
Short answers: we/ they we/ they

Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t.

126
 Appendix 1 Grammar reference

(Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий)

(Прилагательное / Наречие) (Сравнительная степень) (Превосходная степень)

old older (the) oldest

short shorter (the) shortest
big bigger (the) biggest
nice nicer (the) nicest
pretty prettier (the) prettiest
popular more popular (the) most popular
beautiful more beautiful (the) most beautiful
hard harder (the) hardest
(the) most carefully
carefully more carefully (the) much more carefully

good better (the) best

bad worse (the) worst
far farther (the) farthest
well better (the) best
much more (the) most
little less (the) least

Do you speak English? When did you go to Britain?

Do...?
What...? — Что? Какой?
Does...?
Did...? Who...? —Кто?
Can...? Whom...? — Кого? Кому?
Could...?
May... ? Where...? — Где? Куда?
Must...? Why...? — Зачем? Почему?
Would...?
Should...? Which...? — Какой (из)? Который?
Shall...? When...? — Когда?
Will...?
How...? — Как?
Have...?
Has...? How long...? — Как долго?
Had...? How much...? — Сколько?
Am...?
Is...? How many...? — Сколько?
Are...? What time...? — Который час?
Was...?
Were...? (At) what time...? — В какое время?

127
Appendix 1 Grammar reference

Some verbs can only be followed by the infinitive Some verbs and expressions can only be followed by
with to. the -ing form.
agree be fond of
arrange enjoy
decide finish
fail give up
forget imagine
happen it’s worth
hope dislike
learn mind
manage miss
offer practise
pretend succeed in
promise suggest
refuse stop
want
This cathedral is very beautiful and old. It’s worth
He refused to invite her to the party. visiting.
She failed to pass the exam.

Some verbs can be followed by either -ing form or by to:

begin
continue
hate
like
love
prefer
start

I like / hate to get up early on Sunday morning.

Begin reading, please.

128
 Appendix 1 Grammar reference

(Пассивный / Страдательный залог)

am given a task am not given a task

I I Am I
by the teacher. by the teacher.
You You you
are given a task are not given a task
We We Are we given a task by
by the teacher. by the teacher.
They They they the teacher?
He He he
is given a task by is not given a task
She She Is she
the teacher. by the teacher.
It It it
I am. I am not.
Yes, we/you/ we/you/
are. No, are not.
Short answers: they they
Yes, he/ he/
is. No, is not.
she/it she/it

I was examined. I was not examined. Was I

You You you
were not examined.
We were examined. We Were we
They They they examined?
He He he
She was examined. She was not examined. Was she
It It it
I/he/ I/he/
Yes, was. No, was not.
she/it she/it
Short answers:
we/ we/you/
Yes, were. No, were not.
you/they they

I I I
We We we
You You you
will be tested will not be tested be tested
They They Will they
tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow?
He He he
She She she
It It it
I/ we/ you/ I/ we/ you/
Short answers: Yes, they/he/ will. No, they/he/ won’t.
she/it she/it

129
Appendix 1 Grammar reference

If + Present Simple will + infinitive

1. If it snows, they will go skiing.
Если пойдет снег, они отправятся кататься на лыжах.

First Conditional 2. If you don’t write the composition, you’ll get a bad mark.
We use it to talk Если ты не напишешь сочинение, ты получишь плохую оценку.
about events which 3. If I see Jane, I’ll invite her to my birthday party.
are possible in the Если я увижу Джейн, я приглашу ее на свой день рожде-
present or future. ния.
4. Don’t miss the lessons, or you’ll be punished.
He пропускай уроки, (а) то тебя накажут.
(Если ты пропустишь уроки)
If + Past Simple would (might)
1. If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
Если бы я знал ответ, я бы сказал тебе.
Second Conditional 2. If I were you, I would learn German.
We use it for unli- На твоем месте я бы выучил немецкий язык.
kely (маловероят-
ные) situations in 3. If she had money, she might spend her holidays abroad.
the present or fu- Если бы у нее были деньги, то она могла бы проводить каникулы
ture. за границей.
4. If they spoke Spanish, they might go to Spain.
Если бы они говорили по-испан- то они могли бы съездить в Испанию.
ски,

mis-, re-, un- un-, in-, il-, im-, un-

non-, dis-, ir-
-tion / -sion -ize (-ise), -en -able / -ible -ly -teen
-er / -or -al-, -(i)an -ty
-ance / -ence -ful-, -ic-, -ing -th
-ing -y(ly), -ous
-ity -ive
-ist
-ment
 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

awake [əˈweɪk] будить, просыпаться awoke [əˈwəʊk] awoken

be [bi:] быть, находиться was [wɒz] (ед. ч.) been
were [wɜ:] (мн. ч.)
bear [bеə] рождать bore [bɔ:] born [bɔ:n]
beat [bi:t] бить, ударять beat beaten
become [bɪˈkʌm] становиться became [bɪˈkeɪm] become
begin [bɪˈɡɪn] начинать(ся) began [bɪˈɡæn] begun [bɪˈɡʌn]
bite [baɪt] кусать(ся) bit bitten
break [breɪk] ломать broke broken
bring приносить, приводить brought [brɔ:t] brought
build [bɪld] строить built [bɪlt] built
burn жечь, гореть burnt (burned) burnt (burned)
buy [baɪ] покупать bought [bɔ:t] bought
can мочь could [kʊd] —
cast [kɑ:st] кидать, бросать cast cast
catch [kæʧ] ловить, поймать caught [kɔ:t] caught
choose [ʧu:z] выбирать chose [ʧəʊz] chosen
come [kʌm] приходить, приезжать came come
cost [kɒst] стоить cost cost
cut [kʌt] резать, рубить cut cut
do [du:] делать, поступать, выполнять did done [dʌn]
draw [drɔ:] рисовать, чертить drew [dru:] drawn [drɔ:n]
drink пить drank drunk
drive вести машину, ехать на машине drove [drəʊv] driven [ˈdrɪvən]
eat [i:t] есть, кушать ate [et] eaten
fall [fɔ:l] падать fell fallen
feed кормить fed fed
feel чувствовать felt felt
fight [faɪt] бороться, сражаться fought [fɔ:t] fought
find [faɪnd] находить found [faʊnd] found
fly [flaɪ] летать flew [flu:] flown [fləʊn]
forbid запрещать forbade forbidden
forget забывать forgot forgotten
get получать got got
give [ɡɪv] давать gave given [ˈɡɪvən]
gо ходить, идти, ехать went gone [ɡɒn]
grow [ɡrəʊ] расти, выращивать grew [ɡru:] grown [ɡrəʊn]
hang висеть, вешать hung hung
have [hæv] иметь had had
hear [hɪə] слышать heard [hɜ:d] heard
hold [həʊld] держать held held
hurt [hɜ:t] ушибить(ся) hurt hurt
keep держать, хранить kept kept
know [nəʊ] знать knew [nju:] known [nəʊn]
lay [leɪ] класть, положить laid [leɪd] laid
lead вести, руководить led led

131
Appendix 2 List of irregular verbs

learn [lɜ:n] учить что-то learnt [lɜ:nt] learnt

узнавать, учиться learned [lɜ:nd] learned
leave уезжать, оставлять left left
let позволять, разрешать let let
lie [laɪ] лежать lay lain
lose [lu:z] терять lost lost
make делать, заставлять made made
mean значить, иметь в виду meant [ment] meant
meet встречать(ся) met met
pay платить paid paid
put [pʊt] класть, ставить put put
read [ri:d] читать read [red] read [red]
rid [rɪd] избавлять rid (ridded) rid
ride ехать верхом rode ridden
ring звенеть, звонить rang rung
rise подниматься, вставать rose risen [ˈrɪzn]
run бежать, бегать ran run
say [seɪ] говорить, сказать said [sed] said
see видеть saw [sɔ:] seen
sell продавать, торговать sold [səʊld] sold
send посылать, отправлять sent sent
set ставить, класть set set
shake [ʃeɪk] трясти shook [ʃʊk] shaken [ˈʃeɪkən]
shoot [ʃu:t] стрелять shot [ʃɒt] shot
show [ʃəʊ] показывать showed [ʃəʊd] shown [ʃəʊn]
shut [ʃʌt] закрывать shut shut
sing петь sang sung
sit сидеть sat sat
sleep спать slept slept
smell нюхать, пахнуть smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled)
speak говорить, разговаривать spoke [spəʊk] spoken
spend тратить, расходовать spent spent
spill проливать, разливаться spilt (spilled) spilt (spilled)
spread [spred] простираться spread [spred] spread
stand стоять stood [stʊd] stood
steal воровать, красть stole stolen
swim плавать swam [swæm] swum
take брать, взять took [tʊk] taken [ˈteɪkən]
teach учить taught [tɔ:t] taught
tell сказать, рассказать told [təʊld] told
think думать, полагать thought [θɔ:t] thought
throw [θrəʊ] бросать threw [θru:] thrown [θrəʊn]
tread [tred] ступать, топтать trod trodden
understand понимать, предполагать understood understood
[ˌʌdəˈstænd] [ˌʌndəˈstʊd]
upset [ʌpˈset] расстраивать upset upset
wear [weə] носить (одежду), изнашивать wore [wɔ:] worn [wɔ:n]
win выигрывать, побеждать won [wʌn] won [wʌn]
write [raɪt] писать wrote [rəʊt] written [ˈrɪtn]

132
PRONUNCIATION TABLE

[p] pen [i:] meet

[b] bee [ɪ] sit

[t] ten [e] letter

[d] dog [æ] bag

[k] king [ɑ:] park

[ɡ] go [ɒ] stop

[tʃ] cheese [ɔ:] morning

[dʒ] jump [ʊ] book

[f] fat [u:] blue

[v] very [ʌ] mum

[t] three [ɜ:] bird

[ð] they [ə] sister

[s] sad [eɪ] table

[z] zoo [əʊ] nose

[ʃ] she [aɪ] time

[ʒ] pleasure [aʊ] now

[h] hot [ɔɪ] boy

[m] milk [ɪə] dear

[n] name [еə] bear

[ŋ] song [ʊə] sure

[l] let [аɪə] tired

[r] red [аʊə] our

[j] yes

[w] want

133
 LEARNING STRATEGIES

1. Read the task and the key words or questions which are suggested.
Say what
1) helps you to keep fit;
2) destroys your health.
much sleep, well-organized work, open air, bad habits, fast food...
2. Follow the plan. Don’t miss any part of it. Use the key words.
3. Keep to the point to be informative.
4. Use linking words and expressions in your talk.
5. Speak clearly so that your partners can hear you.

1. A multiple choice task consists of a question and the choices. The

question is called the stem. The choices are called alternatives.
Would you mind ... the window? (the stem)
a) to close b) close c) closing (the alternatives)
2. Read all of the stem and every alternative for it.
3. Study the stem. Get rid of the obviously incorrect alternatives.
4. Make a logical guess and choose the correct alternative.

1. Read the text quickly for general understanding. Try to ignore the gaps.
The ... of the country is New Delhi. Its ... has grown to 1,000
million people. There are 15 official ... in India and thousands of
different dialects.
3. Then read the text sentence by sentence. Pay attention to the words
which go before and after the gaps. Decide what part of speech is
missing in each gap.
4. Fill in the gaps. Read the text again to check if you were right.
The capital of the country is New Delhi. Its population has grown to
1,000 million people. There are 15 official languages in India and
thousands of different dialects.

1. Choose a topic for your research / discussion or an aspect of the topic

you were given by the teacher.
Choose one of the following aspects of a perfect school:
building, timetable, student—teacher relations, school activities, etc.
2. Find the information on the topic in the texts you’ve read or on the
Internet.
3. Analyse the collected information in your group.
4. Write down the key words, the plan or the proposals on the chosen
aspect for your group presentation on the topic.
5. Prepare a presentation / Draw a poster. Use different kinds of visuals:
photos, pictures, etc.
6. Present the information to your classmates. Discuss it. Be ready to
answer their questions.
 CULTURAL GUIDE
Africa [ˈæfrɪkə] — one of the seven continents on the
Earth.
Amason [ˈæməzən] (the) — a river in the South
America, the second longest river in the world.
Amsterdam [ˌæmstəˈdæm] — the capital of the
Netherlands.
Antarctic [ænˈtɑ:ktɪk] — one of the seven continents. It
surrounds the South Pole.
Arctic Ocean [ˈɑktɪk ˈəʊʃən] (the) — the smallest
ocean in the world, at the North Pole. It is covered
with ice all year round.
Armenia [ɑ:ˈmi:niə] — a country in Europe. The capital
is Yerevan.
Asia [ˈeɪʃə] — one of the seven continents on the Earth.
Atlantic Ocean [ətˈlæntɪk ˈəʊʃən] (the) — the second
largest ocean in the world, which separates North
and South America from Europe and Asia.
Australia [ɒsˈtreɪliə] — one of the seven continents on
the Earth. It’s also a large country which lies
between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The capital
is Canberra. English is the first state language.
Bahamas [bəˈhɑ:məz] (the) — a country consisting of
a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean. It’s a
popular centre for tourism. English is the first state
language.
Baikal [ˈbaɪkɑ:l] (the) — the deepest lake in the world
(1,620 metres deep)
Bangladesh [ˌbæŋɡləˈdeʃ] — a country in Asia. The
capital is Dhaka.
Barbados [bɑ:ˈbeɪdɒs] — an island in the Atlantic
Ocean. The capital of the country is Bridgetown.
English is the first state language.
Belgium [ˈbelʤəm] — a country in Europe. The capital
is Brussels.
Bell, Alexander Graham — a Scottish scientist and
inventor who lived in the USA. He invented the
telephone in 1876.
Berlin [bɜ:ˈlɪn] — the capital of Germany.
Boston [ˈbɒstən] — a city on the Atlantic coast of the
USA. The city has many colleges and universities.
Brazil [brəˈzɪl] — a country in South America. The
capital is Brasilia.
Byron, Lord [ˈbaɪərən] (1788—1824) — an English
writer of Romantic and Satirical poetry.
California [ˌkælɪˈfɔ:niə] — a state of the USA.
Disneyland and Hollywood are in California.
Canada [ˈkænədə] — a country in North America. The
capital is Ottawa. English and French are the
official languages.
Canberra [ˈkænbərə] — the capital of Australia.
Caribbean [ˌkærɪˈbɪən]] (the) — the islands in the
Caribbean Sea.
Chelsea [ˈʧelsi] — an area of London which is famous
for its expensive housing and fashionable shops.
Chernobyl [ʧɜ:ˈnəʊbəl] — a place in former USSR
where in 1986 there was an explosion at a nuclear
power station.
China [ˈʧaɪnə] — a country in Asia. The capital is
Beijing.
Churchill, Sir Winston [ˈʧɜ:ʧɪl] (1874—1965) — an
English politician. He was the Prime Minister of
Great Britain during World War II and in 1951—
1953. He made many famous speeches. He made
the V-sign, meaning victory.
Colosseum / Coliseum [ˌkɒləˈsi:əm] (the) — the
amphitheatre (амфитеатр) in Rome. It’s one of
the most famous Roman remains.
Coubertin, Pierre (1863—1937) — a person who
revived the Olympic Games in 1896. He also
created an emblem of five linked rings that became
a symbol of the Olympic Games.
Delhi [ˈdeli] — the capital of India.
Denmark [ˈdenmɑ:k] — a country in Europe. The
capital is Copenhagen.
Eire [ˈeərə] — the Republic of Ireland. The capital is
Dublin. English and Gaelic are the official
languages.
Egypt [ˈi:ʤɪpt] — a country in Africa. The capital is
Cairo.
England [ˈɪŋɡlənd] — the largest country in Britain.
The capital is London.
Esperanto [ˌespəˈræntəʊ] — an artificial language
which was invented in 1877.
Eton [ˈi:tn] — a very expensive British public school for
boys.
Europe [ˈjʊərəp] — one of the seven continents on the
Earth.
Everest [ˈevərest] — the highest mountain in the world
(8,848 metres).
Guyana [ɡaɪˈænə] — a country in the South America.
The capital is Georgetown. English is the first state
language.
Hallowe’en [ˌhæləʊˈi:n] — the night of October, 31,
when it was formerly believed that the spirits of the
dead appeared. Hallowe’en is celebrated in many
135
Appendix 5 Cultural guide
countries. People dress up as witches, ghosts, etc
and sometimes make lamps from pumpkins.
Harrow [ˈhærəʊ] — a British public school for boys.
Helsinki [helˈsɪŋkɪ] — the capital of Finland.
Independence Day [ɪndɪˈpendəns ˌdeɪ] — (on the
fourth of July) is the National Independence Day of
the USA. The Day is celebrated all over the country
with parades, picnics and fireworks at night.
India [ˈɪndiə] — a large country in the South Asia. The
capital is New Delhi. The official languages are
English and Hindi.
Indian Ocean [ˈɪndiən ˈəʊʃən] (the) — the third largest
ocean in the world.
Internet [ˈɪntənət] (the) — an international network of
computers. It has electronic mail and provides a
large amount of information.
Jamaica [ʤəˈmeɪkə] — an island in the Carribean Sea,
now an independent state. The capital is Kingston.
English is the first state language.
Jerome, K.  Jerome [ʤəˈrəʊm] (1859—1927) — an
English writer who wrote humorous books. His
most popular books are “The Idle Thoughts of an
Idle Person” and “Three Men in a Boat”.
Labor Day [ˈleɪbəˌdeɪ] — a public holiday in the USA
and Canada. It’s the first Monday in September.
Many people have picnics over Labor Day.
Lena [ˈleɪnə] (the) — a river in Russia (4,400 kilometres
long).
London [ˈlʌndən] — the capital of the United Kingdom,
one of the biggest and the most interesting cities in
the world.
Los Angeles [lɒs ˈænʤɪˌli:z] — the second largest city
in the USA. It’s on the Pacific Ocean.
Lucky Country — Australia has been called the Lucky
Country. Millions of people who have gone through
war and poverty in their countries now enjoy peace
and prosperity in Australia.
Maori [ˈmaʊrɪ] — the original people of New Zealand.
Montreal Canadians — a famous Canadian hockey
club.
Mother’s Day — a holiday on which people give
cards or presents to their mothers to show their love
for them. This holiday is celebrated on Sunday in
spring.
Netherlands [ˈneðələndz] (the) — a country in Europe.
The capital is Amsterdam.
136
New York [ˌnju: ˈjɔ:k] — the largest city and port in the
USA.
New Zealand [ˌnju: ˈzi:lənd] — a country in the Pacific
Ocean. It’s known mainly for its farming (meat,
cheese and butter). The official languages are
English and Maori.
Nile [naɪl] (the) — a river in Africa, the longest in the
world (6,695 kilometres long).
Niagara Falls [naɪˈæɡərə] — very large water-falls on
the border between Canada and the USA.
North America [ˌnɔ:θ əˈmerɪkə] — one of the seven
continents on the Earth.
Nottingham [ˈnɒtɪŋəm] — a city in central England.
Olympic Games (Olympics) — a modern international
sports event. People of all nationalities compete in
various sports. They are held once every four years
in different countries.
Oslo [ˈɒzləʊ] — the capital of Norway.
Ottawa [ˈɒtəwə] — the capital of Canada. One third of
its people are French-speaking.
Pacific Ocean [pəˈsɪfɪk ˈəʊʃən] (the) — the world’s
largest ocean. It covers one third of the Earth’s
surface (поверхность).
Pakistan [ˌpɑ:kɪˈstɑ:n] — a country in Asia. The capital
is Islamabad. English is a second state language.
Paris [ˈpærɪs] — the capital of France.
Philippines [ˈfɪlɪˌpi:nz] — a country made up of a group
of over 7,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The
capital is Manila. English is a second state language.
Quebec [kwɪˈbek] — a province in Canada. It’s the
centre of French Canadian culture and language.
Rugby [ˈrʌɡbɪ] — a British public school.
Sakharov, Andrei (1921—1989) — a famous Russian
physicist. He fought against atomic war. He won
the Nobel Prize in 1975. He wrote several books on
progress and freedom.
Scotland [ˈskɒtlend] — a country in Britain. The
capital is Edinburgh.
Schools on the Air — are situated in several states of
Australia in the places which are far away from cities
or towns. Students learn the world around them
with the help of different means of communication.
Schools Through (the) — are for the children of
Australia who live far from any school in the area.
New material and special tasks are sent to the
students and then back to schools.

Shilling, Pavel (1786—1837) — a Russian inventor. He
created the first electric telegraph in 1832.
St Paul’s Cathedral [snt ˌpɔ:lz kəˈθi:drəl] — a fine
cathedral in central London. It was built (1675—1710)
by Sir Christopher Wren.
Sophia [ˈsəʊfi:ə] — the capital of Bulgaria.
South Africa [ˌsaʊθ ˈæfrɪkə] — a country in the
Southern Africa. The capital is Cape Town. English
is the second state language.
South America [ˌsaʊθ əˈmerɪkə] — one of the seven
continents on the Earth.
Sydney [ˈsɪdni] — the largest city in Australia.
Switzerland [ˈswɪtsələnd] — a country in Europe. The
capital is Bern.
Thames [temz] (the) — the most famous and important
British river. London stands on it.
Thanksgiving Day [ˌθæŋksˈɡɪvɪŋ ˌdeɪ] — the fourth
Thursday in November which in the USA is a
public holiday.
Titanic [taɪˈtænɪk] (the) — a British passenger ship. On
her first trip in 1912 she hit an iceberg and sank
(затонул). Over 1,500 people died.
Tokyo [ˈtəʊkiəʊ] — the capital of Japan. It’s also the
largest and the busiest city in the world.
Trinidad and Tobago [ˈtrɪnɪdæd ən təˈbeɪɡəʊ] — a
country which is made up of the islands of Trinidad
and Tobago in the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is
Port of Spain. English is the first state language.
Turner, Joseph [ˈtɜ:nə] (1775—1851) — an English
painter, a master of watercolour.
UK [ˈju: ˈkeɪ] — a country in Europe. The official name
of the country is the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland. Usually it’s shortened
to the United Kingdom or UK. The capital of the
country is London.
Appendix 5 Cultural guide
UNESCO [jʊˈneskəʊ] — United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization. It’s the
organization through which rich states help poorer
ones.
United States of America (United States, USA,
US, America) [ju:ˌnaɪtɪd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmerɪkə] — a
country in the North America. It consists of 50
states and the District of Columbia, where the
capital (Washington) is. English is the first state
language.
Urals (the) — mountains in Russia. They are often
considered to mark the border between Europe and
Asia.
Volga [ˈvɒlɡə] (the) — a river in Russia, the longest
river in Europe.
Wales [weɪlz] — a country in Britain. It’s capital is
Cardiff.
Washington [ˈwɒʃɪŋtən] — the capital of the USA.
Wellington [ˈwelɪŋtən] — the capital of New Zealand.
It’s the country’s second largest city and a main
port.
Zamenhof, Lazarus [ˈzæmənhɒf ˈlæzərəs] (1859—
1917) — a polish doctor and linguist who invented
the artificial international language Esperanto.
 LIST OF PERSONAL NAMES

Alan [ˈælən] Irina [aɪˈri:nə] Patrick [ˈpætrɪk]

Alex [ˈælɪks] Isabel [ˈɪzəbel] Paul [pɔ:l]
Alexander [ˌælɪɡˈzɑ:ndə] Paula [ˈpɔ:lə]
Alice [ˈælɪs] Penny [ˈpenɪ]
Alison [ˈælɪsən] Peter [ˈpi:tə]
Albert [ˈælbət] Jackie [ˈdʒækɪ] Phil [fɪl]
Alfred [ˈælfrɪd] Jane [dʒeɪn]
Andrew [ˈændru:] Janelle [dʒəˈnel]
Angela [ˈændʒələ] Janis [ˈdʒænɪs]
Ann, Anna [æn], [ˈænə] Jason [ˈdʒeɪsən] Richard [ˈrɪtʃəd]
Jeff [dʒef] Robert [ˈrɒbət]
Jill [dʒɪl] Roy [rɔɪ]
Jim [dʒɪm]
Ben [ben] Joe [dʒəʊ]
Bill [bɪl] John [dʒɒn]
Bob [bɒb] Joshua [ˈdʒɒʃwə] Sally [ˈsælɪ]
Bobby [ˈbɒbɪ] Julia [ˈdʒu:ljə] Sam [sæm]
Brian [ˈbraɪən] Sandy [ˈsændɪ]
Sylvia [ˈsɪlvɪə]
Simone [sɪˈməʊn]
Karen [ˈkærən] Steve [sti:v]
Cathy [ˈkæθɪ] Keith [ki:θ] Sue [su:]
Christie [ˈkrɪstɪ] Ken [ken] Susan [ˈsu:zən]
Clare [kleə]
Claudia [ˈklaʊdɪə]

Laura [ˈlɔ:rə] Terry [ˈterɪ]

Liza [ˈlaɪzə] Tim [tɪm]
Daniel [ˈdænjəl] Lindsey [ˌlɪndˈseɪ] Timothy [tɪməθɪ]
Danny [ˈdænɪ] Louise [lu:ˈi:z] Tommy [ˈtɒmɪ]
David [ˈdeɪvɪd] Tracey [ˈtreɪsɪ]
Tulo [ˈtʊləʊ]

Maisie [ˈmeɪzɪ]
Elizabeth [ɪˈlɪzəbəθ] Mark [mɑ:k]
Martin [ˈmɑ:tɪn] Wendy [ˈwendɪ]
Matt [mæt]
Melissa [məˈlɪsə]
Frank [fræŋk] Michael [maɪkl]
Mike [maɪk] Yonne [ˈjɒnə]

Gavin [ˈɡævɪn]
Gemma [ˈdʒemə] Nick [nɪk]
George [ˈdʒɔ:dʒ]
Greg [ɡreɡ]

Oliver [ˈɒlɪvə]
Olivia [ˈɒlɪvɪe]
Hans [hæns]
Helen [ˈhelən]
Henry [ˈhenrɪ]
 LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Germany [[ˈʤɜ:məni] — Германия

Greece [ɡri:s] — Греция
Africa [ˈæfrɪkə]— Африка
America [əˈmerɪkə]— Америка
Amsterdam [ˌæmstəˈdæm]— Амстердам
Anapa [əˈnɑ:pə]— Анапа
Antarctica [æntˈɑ:ktɪkə] — Антарктида Hong-Kong [ˈhɒŋ ˈkɒŋ] — Гонконг
Arctic [ˈɑ:ktɪk] (the) — Арктика Hungary [ˈhʌŋɡəri] — Венгрия
Armenia [ɑ:ˈmi:niə] — Армения
Asia [ˈeɪʃə] — Азия
Atlantic Ocean [ətˈlæntɪk ˈəʊʃn] (the) — Атлантиче-
ский океан India [ˈɪndiə] — Индия
Australia [ɒsˈtreɪliə] — Австралия Indian Ocean [ˈɪndiən ˈəʊʃn] (the) — Индийский
океан
Ireland [ˈaɪələnd] — Ирландия
Italy [ˈɪtəli] — Италия
Bahamas [bəˈhɑ:məz] (the) — Багамские острова
Baikal [ˈbaɪkɑ:l] (the) — Байкал
Bangladesh [ˌbæŋɡləˈdeʃ] — Бангладеш
Beijing [ˌbeɪˈʤɪŋ] — Пекин Jamaica [ʤəˈmeɪkə] — Ямайка
Belgium [ˌbelʤəm] — Бельгия Japan [ʤəˈpæn] — Япония
Boston [ˈbɒstən] — Бостон
Brazil [brəˈzɪl] — Бразилия
Britain [ˈbrɪtən] — Британия
Brussels [ˈbrʌslz] — Брюссель
Kent [kent] — Кент
Korea [kəˈri:ə] — Корея

California [ˌkælɪˈfɔ:nɪə] — Калифорния

Canada [ˈkænədə] — Канада
Canberra [ˈkænbərə] — Канберра London [ˈlʌndən] — Лондон
Caribbean Islands [ˌkærɪˈbi:ən ˈaɪləndz], амер.
[kəˈrɪbɪən] (the) — Карибские острова
Chelsea [ˈʧelsi] — Челси
China [ˈʧaɪnə]— Китай Mexico [ˈmeksɪkəʊ] — Мексика
Czech Republic [tʃek rɪˈpʌblɪk] (the) —Чехия Moscow [ˈmɒskəʊ] — Москва

Delhi [ˈdeli] — Дели Netherlands [ˈneðələndz] (the) — Нидерланды

Denmark [ˈdenmɑ:k] — Дания New Delhi [ˌnju: ˈdeli] — Новый Дели
New Zealand [ˌnju: ˈzi:lənd] — Новая Зеландия
Niagara [naɪˈæɡərə] (the) — Ниагара
Nile [naɪl] (the) — Нил
Egypt [ˈi:dʒɪpt] — Египет Norway [ˈnɔ:weɪ] — Норвегия
Eire [ˈeərə] — Эйре (Ирландия)
Nottingham [ˈnɒtɪŋəm] — Ноттингем
England [ˈɪŋɡlənd] — Англия
Europe [ˈjʊərəp] — Европа
Everest [ˈevərəst] — Эверест
Oslo [ˈɒzləʊ] — Осло
Ottawa [ˈɒtəvə] — Оттава
Finland [ˈfɪnlənd] — Финляндия
France [frɑ:ns] — Франция

Pacific Ocean [pəˈsɪfɪk ˈəʊʃn] (the) — Тихий океан

Paris [ˈpærɪs] — Париж
Georgia [ˈʤɔ:ʤə] — 1) Грузия; 2) Джорджия (штат Poland [ˈpəʊlənd] — Польша
в США) Portugal [ˈpɔ:ʧʊɡəl] — Португалия

139
Appendix 7 List of geographical names

Quebec [kwɪˈbek] —Квебек Thames [temz] (the) — Темза

Trafalgar Square [trəˈfælɡə ˈskweə] — Трафальгар-
ская площадь
Trinidad [ˈtrɪnɪˌdæd] — Тринидад
Turkey [ˈtɜ:ki] — Турция
Rome [rəʊm] — Рим
Russia [ˈrʌʃə] — Россия

UK [ˌju: ˈkeɪ] (the) — Соединенное Королевство

San Francisco [ˌsæn frənˈsɪskəʊ] — Сан-Франциско
Scotland [ˈskɒtlənd] — Шотландия
Siberia [saɪˈbɪəriə] — Сибирь
Spain [speɪn] — Испания
Sweden [ˈswi:dn] — Швеция
Switzerland [ˈswɪtsələnd] — Швейцария
Sydney [ˈsɪdni] — Сидней
Ukraine [ju:ˈkreɪn] (the) — Украина
USA [ˌju: es ˈeɪ] (the) — США
USSR [ˌju: ˈes ˈes ˈɑ:] (the) — СССР
Wales [weɪlz] — Уэльс
Washington [ˈwɒʃɪŋtən] — Вашингтон
Wellington [ˈwelɪŋtən] — Веллингтон
 VOCABULARY
а [eɪ] (an) [e] — неопределенный артикль
able [ˈeɪbl] — способный
to be able (to) — быть в состоянии, мочь
about [əˈbaʊt] — о, около
above [əˈbʌv] — над
abroad [əˈbrɔ:d] — за границей
to go abroad — ездить за границу
absolutely [ˈæbsəlu:tli] — совершенно, абсолютно
academician [əˌkædəˈmɪʃən] — академик
accept [əkˈsept] — принимать, допускать
accident [ˈæksɪdənt] — несчастный случай
ache [eɪk] — боль
achieve [əˈʧi:v] — достигать
across [əˈkrɒs] — через
act [ækt] — играть, разыгрывать
active [ˈæktɪv] — активный
activity [ækˈtɪvɪti] — деятельность
actor [ˈæktə] — актер
actually [ˈækʧuəli] — действительно, на самом деле
add [æd] — складывать, прибавлять
addition [əˈdɪʃən] — сложение, прибавление
address [əˈdres] — адрес
adjective [ˈæʤɪktɪv] — имя прилагательное
admiral [ˈædmərəl] — адмирал
adult [ˈædʌlt] — взрослый
advanced [ədˈvɑ:nst] — передовой, продвинутый
advantage [ədˈvɑ:ntɪʤ] — преимущество
adventure [ədˈvenʧə] — приключение
adverb [ˈædvɜ:b] — наречие
advert [ˈædvɜ:t] — реклама, объявление
advertisement [ˈædvɜ:tɪsmənt] — реклама, объявле-
ние
advertiser [ˈædvətaɪzə] — рекламодатель
advice [ədˈvaɪs] — совет, советы (только в ед. числе)
advise [ədˈvaɪz] — советовать
aerobics [eəˈrəʊbɪks] — аэробика
afraid [əˈfreɪd] — испуганный
to be afraid of — бояться чего-либо
African [ˈæfrɪkən] — африканский
after [ˈɑ:ftə] — после
afternoon [ˌɑ:ftəˈnu:n] — время после полудня
again [əˈɡen] — опять, снова
against [əˈɡenst] — против
age [eɪʤ] — 1) возраст; 2) век
aged [eɪʤd] — пожилой, старый
ago [əˈɡəʊ] — тому назад
agree [əˈɡri:] — соглашаться
ahead [əˈhed] —вперед, впереди
aid [eɪd] — помощь; помогать
air [еə] — воздух
airship [ˈeəʃɪp] — дирижабль
alcohol [ˈælkəhɒl] — алкоголь
alike [əˈlaɪk] — похожий, подобный
alive [əˈlaɪv] — живой
allow [əˈlaʊ] — разрешать
almost [ˈɔ:lməʊst] — почти
alone [əˈləʊn] — один; одинокий
along [əˈlɒŋ] — вдоль, по
aloud [əˈlaʊd] — громко, вслух
alphabet [ˈælfəbet] — алфавит
already [ɔ:lˈredi] — ужé
also [ˈɔ:lsəʊ] — также, тоже
although [ˈɔ:lˈðəʊ] — хотя, несмотря на то что
always [ˈɔ:lwɪz] — всегда
am (to be) [æm, əm] — глагол-связка
amber [ˈæmbə] — янтарь, янтарный
ambulance [ˈæmbjʊləns] — машина «скорой помо-
щи»
American [əˈmerɪkən] — американский
among [əˈmʌŋ] — между, среди
amount [əˈmaʊnt] — составлять; сумма, количество
ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] — древний, старинный
and [ænd, ənd] — и
anecdote [ˈænɪkdəʊt] — анекдот
angrily [ˈæŋɡrɪli] — сердито
angry [ˈæŋɡri] — сердитый, раздражительный
animal [ˈænɪməl] — животное
announce [əˈnaʊns] — объявлять
another [əˈnʌðə] — еще один, другой
answer [ˈɑ:nsə] — ответ; отвечать
ant [ænt] — муравей
anti-social [ˈæntɪ ˈsəʊʃəl] — антиобщественный
any [ˈeni] — какой-нибудь, сколько-нибудь, любой
anybody [ˈenɪˌbɒdi] — любой, всякий
anyone [ˈenɪwʌn] —всякий, кто-нибудь
anything [ˈenɪθɪŋ] — что-нибудь
anyway [ˈenɪweɪ] — во всяком случае
anywhere [ˈenɪweə] — где-нибудь, куда-нибудь
apart [əˈpɑ:t] — в стороне, отдельно
appearance [əˈpɪərəns] — внешний вид, наружность
apple [ˈæpl] — яблоко
appreciate [əˈpri:ʃɪeɪt] — ценить
appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪeɪt] — подходящий
April [ˈeɪprəl] — апрель
Arabic [ˈærəbɪk] — арабский
Arctic [ˈɑ:ktɪk] — Арктика; арктический
are (to be) [ɑ:] — глагол-связка
area [ˈeərɪə] — площадь, пространство
argue [ˈɑ:ɡju:] — спорить
argument [ˈɑ:ɡjʊmənt] — довод, аргумент
aristocrat [ˈærɪstəkræt] — аристократ
arm [ɑ:m] — рука (от плеча до кисти)
armchair [ˈɑ:mʧeə] — кресло
Armenian [ɑ:ˈmɪnɪən] — армянский
around [əˈraʊnd] — вокруг, кругом
arrange [əˈreɪnʤ] — устраивать, договариваться
arrive [əˈraɪv] — приезжать, прибывать
art [ɑ:t] — искусство
article [ˈɑ:tɪkəl] — артикль, статья
artificial [ˌɑ:tɪˈfɪʃəl] — искусственный
artistic [ɑ:ˈtɪstɪk] — художественный, артистический
artist [ˈɑ:tɪst] — художник
as [æz, əz] — как
ash [æʃ] — зола, пепел
141
Appendix 8 Vocabulary

ask [ɑ:sk] — спрашивать, просить bed [bed] — кровать

associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] — ассоциировать(ся), связы- bedroom [ˈbedrʊm] — спальня
вать(ся) before [bɪˈfɔ:] — до, прежде чем
at [æt, ət] — на, за, в beg [beɡ] — просить, умолять
athlete [ˈæθli:t] — спортсмен, атлет begin [bɪɡɪn] (began, begun) — начинать
athletic [æθˈletɪk] — атлетический beginning [bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ] — начало
athletics [æθˈletɪks] — физкультура, атлетика behave [bɪˈheɪv] — вести себя, поступать
atomic [əˈtɒmɪk] — атомный behaviour [bɪˈheɪvjə] — поведение
attack [əˈtæk] — наступать, атаковать behind [bɪˈhaɪnd] — за, позади
attend [əˈtend] — посещать, присутствовать believe [bɪˈli:v] — верить, думать
attention [əˈtenʃən] — внимание belong [bɪˈlɒŋ] — принадлежать
attentive [əˈtentɪv] — внимательный below [bɪˈləʊ] — ниже, внизу
attract [əˈtrækt] — привлекать, притягивать beside [bɪˈsaɪd] — рядом, около
aunt [ɑ:nt] — тетя besides [bɪˈsaɪdz] — кроме, помимо
Australian [ɒˈstreɪljən] — австралийский best [best] — самый лучший, наилучший
author [ˈɔ:θə] — автор, писатель better [ˈbetə] — лучше
autumn [ˈɔ:təm] — осень between [bɪˈtwi:n] — между
avenue [ˈævɪnju:] — аллея, дорога, амер. проспект beyond [bɪˈjɒnd] — вдали, за, свыше
awake [əˈweɪk] (awoke, awoken или awaked, bicycle [ˈbaɪsɪkəl] (bike) [baɪk] — велосипед
awaked) — будить, просыпаться big [bɪɡ] — большой
award [əˈwɔ:d] — награда; присуждать что-либо, на- billion [ˈbɪljən] — биллион, амер. миллиард
граждать biography [baɪˈɒɡrəfi] — биография
away [əˈweɪ] — прочь biology [baɪˈɒləʤi] — биология
bird [bɜ:d] — птица
birthday [ˈbɜ:θdeɪ] — день рождения
birthplace [ˈbɜ:θpleɪs] — место рождения
babysit [ˈbeɪbɪsɪt] — присматривать за ребенком biscuit [ˈbɪskɪt] — печенье
baby-sitting [ˈbeɪbɪˌsɪtɪŋ] — уход (присмотр) за ребен- bite [baɪt] (bit, bitten) — кусать(ся)
ком black [blæk] — черный
back [bæk] — спина; назад, обратно blank [blæŋk] — пропуск (в слове, в предложении)
backache [ˈbækeɪk] — боль в спине blazing [ˈbleɪzɪŋ] — пылающий
bad [bæd] — плохой blood [blʌd] — кровь
badge [bæʤ] — значок blouse [blaʊz] — блузка
badly [ˈbædli] — плохо blue [blu:] — голубой, синий
badminton [ˈbædmɪntən] — бадминтон board [bɔ:d] — доска
bag [bæɡ] — сумка, портфель boat [bəʊt] — лодка, корабль
ball [bɔ:l] — мяч body [ˈbɒdi] — тело
balloon [bəˈlu:n] — воздушный шар(ик) bomb [bɒm] — бомба
bank [bæŋk] — банк bone [bəʊn] — кость
bar [bɑ:] — батончик (шоколадный) book [bʊk] — книга
baron [ˈbærən] — барон bore [bɔ:] — надоедать
base [beɪs] — основывать to be bored — скучать
baseball [ˈbeɪsbɔ:l] — бейсбол boring [ˈbɔ:rɪŋ] — скучный, надоедливый
basic [ˈbeɪsɪk] — основной borrow [ˈbɒrəʊ] — брать взаймы
basketball [ˈbɑ:skɪtbɔ:l] — баскетбол borrowing [ˈbɒrəʊɪŋ] — заимствование
bat [bæt] — бита both [bəʊθ] — оба
bath [bɑ:th] — ванна, купание bottle [ˈbɒtl] — бутылка
be [bi:] (was, were, been) — быть, находиться, яв- bottom [ˈbɒtəm] — дно
ляться box [bɒks] — коробка, ящик
to be going to do smth — собираться (намере- boxing [ˈbɒksɪŋ] — бокс
ваться) что-либо сделать boy [bɔɪ] — мальчик
beach [bi:ʧ] — пляж, взморье boyfriend [ˈbɔɪfrend] — друг
bean [bi:n] — боб bracket [ˈbrækɪt] — скобка
bear [Ьеə] (bore, born) — рождать brave [breɪv] — храбрый
to be born — родиться bread [bred] — хлеб
beat [bi:t] (beat, beaten) — бить, ударять break [breɪk] (broke, broken) — ломать
beautiful [ˈbju:tɪfʊl] — прекрасный, красивый break — перемена, перерыв
beauty [ˈbju:ti] — красота, красавица breakfast [ˈbrekfəst] — завтрак
because [bɪˈkɒz] — потому что, так как bridge [brɪʤ] — мост
become [bɪˈkʌm] (became, become) — становиться brief [bri:f] — краткий
becoming [bɪˈkʌmɪŋ] — подходящий, (идущий) к лицу bright [braɪt] — яркий

142

brightly [ˈbraɪtli] — ярко
bring [brɪŋ] (brought, brought) — приносить, приво-
дить, привозить
British [ˈbrɪtɪʃ] — британский
broad [brɔ:d] — широкий
brother [ˈbrʌðə] — брат
brown [braʊn] — коричневый
brush [brʌʃ] — щетка, кисть; причесывать (волосы)
build [bɪld] (built, built) — строить
builder [ˈbɪldə] — строитель
building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] — здание
Bulgarian [bʌlˈɡeərɪən] — болгарский
burn [bɜ:n] (burnt, burnt) — жечь, гореть
bus [bʌs] — автобус
business [ˈbɪznɪs] — бизнес, фирма
businessman [ˈbɪznɪsmən] — бизнесмен
busy [ˈbɪzi] — занятой, оживленный
but [bʌt] — но, кроме
butter [ˈbʌtə] — масло
buy [baɪ] (bought, bought) — покупать, купить
by [baɪ] — у, около, к
by bus — автобусом, на автобусе
bye [baɪ] (bye-bye) — до свидания разг.
cabbage [ˈkæbɪʤ] — капуста
café [ˈkæfeɪ] — кафе
cake [keɪk] — торт, пирожное
calculate [ˈkælkjʊleɪt] — вычислять, рассчитывать
call [kɔ:l] — зов, звонок (телефонный); звать, назы-
вать
to give a call, to call up — звонить (по теле-
фону)
camera [ˈkæmərə] — фотоаппарат, кинокамера
can [kæn] (could) — могу, умею
Canadian [kəˈneɪdjən] — канадский
cancer [ˈkænsə] — рак (болезнь)
candle [ˈkændl] — свеча
cap [kæp] — шапка, кепка
capital [ˈkæpɪtl] — столица
captain [ˈkæptɪn] — капитан
car [kɑ:] — легковая машина
card [kɑ:d] — открытка
care [kеə] — забота, уход; заботиться
to take care of smb — заботиться о ком-либо
career [kəˈrɪə] — карьера, занятие
careful [ˈkeəfəl] — внимательный
carefully [ˈkeəfəli] — внимательно, осторожно
carrot [ˈkærət] — морковь
carry [ˈkæri] — носить, возить
case [keɪs] — случай, дело
cast [kɑ:st] — кидать, бросать
cat [kæt] — кошка, кот
catch [kæʧ] (caught, caught) — ловить, поймать
category [ˈkætɪɡəri] — категория
cathedral [kəˈθi:drəl] — собор
cause [kɔ:z] — причина; причинять
CD-ROM [ˌsi:di:ˈrɒm] — компакт-диск
celebrate [ˈselɪbreɪt] — праздновать
cent [sent] — цент (монета)
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
center [ˈsentə] — центр
centimetre [ˈsentɪˌmi:tə] — сантиметр
central [ˈsentrəl] — центральный
century [ˈsenʧəri] — век
ceremony [ˈserɪməni] — церемония
certain [ˈsɜ:tn] — определенный
certainly [ˈsɜ:tnli] — конечно, несомненно
chair [ʧeə] — стул
champion [ˈʧæmpɪən] — чемпион
championship [ˈʧæmpɪənʃɪp] — чемпионат
chance [ʧɑ:ns] — шанс
change [ʧeɪnʤ] — перемена, изменение, сдача; ме-
нять
character [ˈkærɪktə] — характер
characteristic [ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk] — характерная черта,
особенность
charm [ʧɑ:m] — очарование; очаровывать
chat [ʧæt] — болтать
cheap [ʧi:p] — дешевый
check [ʧek] — контроль, проверка; проверять
cheer [ʧɪə] — ободрять, аплодировать
cheese [ʧi:z] — сыр
chemical [ˈkemɪkəl] — химический
chemist [ˈkemɪst] — аптекарь, химик
chemistry [ˈkemɪstri] — химия
chess [ʧes] — шахматы
chew [ʧu:] — жевать
chick — см. chicken
chicken [ˈʧɪkɪn] — цыпленок, птенец
child [ʧaɪld] (pl children) [ˈʧɪldrən] — ребенок
Chinese [ʧaɪˈni:z] — китайский
chips [ʧɪps] — чипсы
chocolate [ˈʧɒklɪt] — шоколад
choice [ʧɔɪs] — выбор
choose [ʧu:z] (chose, chosen) — выбирать
church [ʧɜ:ʧ] — церковь
cigarette [ˌsɪɡəˈret] — сигарета
cinema [ˈsɪnɪmə] — кино, кинотеатр
circle [ˈsɜ:kl] — круг; обводить
city [ˈsɪti] — город (большой)
civilized [ˈsɪvɪlaɪzd] — цивилизованный, культурный
class [klɑ:s] — класс
classical [ˈklæsɪkəl] — классический
classmate [ˈklɑ:smeɪt] — одноклассник
classroom [ˈklɑ:srʊm] — классная комната
clean [kli:n] — чистить, убирать; чистый
clear [klɪə] — убирать (со стола); ясный, чистый
clearly [ˈklɪəli] — ясно, понятно
clever [ˈklevə] — умный
client [ˈklaɪənt] — клиент, покупатель
climate [ˈklaɪmɪt] — климат
climb [klaɪm] — взбираться, подниматься
clock [klɒk] — часы (стенные, настольные)
close [kləʊs] — близкий; близко
close [kləʊz] — закрывать
cloth [klɒθ] — ткань
tablecloth — скатерть
clothes [kləʊðz] — одежда
cloud [klaʊd] — туча, облако
club [klʌb] — клуб
coach [kəʊʧ] — тренер, мягкий автобус
143
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
coast [kəʊst] — побережье
coat [kəʊt] — пальто, пиджак
cockerel [ˈkɒkərəl] — петух
code [kəʊd] — кодекс, код
coffee [ˈkɒfi] — кофе
coin [kɔɪn] — монета
coke (Coca-Cola) [ˌkəʊkə ˈkəʊlə] — кока-кола
cold [kəʊld] — холодный; холодно
collect [kəˈlekt] — коллекционировать, собирать, за-
бирать
collection [kəˈlekʃən] — коллекция
college [ˈkɒlɪʤ] — колледж; амер. университет
colour [ˈkʌlə] — цвет
column [ˈkɒləm] — колонка, столбец
combination [ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃən] — сочетание
come [kʌm] (came, come) — проходить, приезжать
comedy [ˈkɒmɪdi] — комедия
comfort [ˈkʌmfət] — отдых, покой, комфорт
comfortable [ˈkʌmfətəbl] — удобный, уютный
comment [ˈkɒment] — высказывать мнение, коммен-
тировать
committee [kəˈmɪti] — комитет, комиссия
common [ˈkɒmən] — общий, обычный
communicate [kəˈmju:nɪkeɪt] — сообщать, общаться
communication [kəˌmju:nɪˈkeɪʃən] — связь, сообще-
ние
community [kəˈmju:nɪti] — община, общность
commuter [kəˈmju:tə] — житель пригорода
company [ˈkʌmpəni] — компания, общество
comparative [kəmˈpærətɪv] — сравнительный
compare [kəmˈpeə] — сравнивать
compete [kəmˈpi:t] — соревноваться
competition [ˌkɒmpɪˈtɪʃən] — соревнование, конкурс
complain [kəmˈpleɪn] — жаловаться
complete [kəmˈpli:t] — завершить, закончить
completely [kəmˈpli:tli] — полностью, целиком
complex [ˈkɒmpleks] — сложный
composer [kəmˈpəʊzə] — композитор
compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsəri] — обязательный
computer [kəmˈpju:tə] — компьютер
concert [ˈkɒnsət] — концерт
conduct [ˈkɒndəkt] — поведение
conference [ˈkɒnfərəns] — конференция
connect [kəˈnekt] — связывать(ся), соединять(ся)
conservative [kənˈsɜ:vətɪv] — консервативный
consider [kənˈsɪdə] — рассматривать, считать, пола-
гать
consist [kənˈsɪst] (of) — состоять (из)
contact [ˈkɒntækt] — контакт
contact [kənˈtækt] — устанавливать связь
contain [kənˈteɪn] — содержать в себе, вмещать
contest [ˈkɒntest] — соревнование
continent [ˈkɒntɪnənt] — континент
continue [kənˈtɪnju:] — продолжать
continuous [kənˈtinjʊəs] — непрерывный, длитель-
ный
control [kənˈtrəʊl] — проверка, контроль; проверять
convenient [kənˈvi:njənt] — удобный
conversation [ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən] — разговор
conversational [ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃənəl] — разговорный
convey [kənˈveɪ] — передавать (значение), сообщать
144
cook [kʊk] — повар; готовить
cool [ku:l] — прохладный, модный
copy [ˈkɒpi] — переписывать
corner [ˈkɔ:nə] — угол
correct [kəˈrəkt] — исправлять; правильный
correspondent [ˌkɒrɪsˈpɒndənt] — корреспондент
corresponding [ˌkɒrɪsˈpɒndɪŋ] — соответствующий
cost [kɒst] — цена
cost [kɒst] (cost, cost) — стоить
cosy [ˈkəʊzi] — уютный
country [ˈkʌntri] — страна; сельская местность
in the country — за городом; за город
countryside [ˈkʌntrɪsaɪd] — сельская местность,
деревня
couple [ˈkʌpl] — пара
course [kɔ:s] — курс
of course [əvˈkɔ:s] — конечно
court [kɔ:t] — корт (теннисный)
cousin [ˈkʌzn] — двоюродный брат, двоюродная
сестра
covering [ˈkʌvərɪŋ] — покрывало
cow [kaʊ] — корова
create [krɪˈeɪt] — творить, создавать
creative [krɪˈeɪtɪv] — творческий
creativity [ˌkri:eɪˈtɪvəti] — способность к творчеству
cricket [ˈkrɪkɪt] — крикет (игра)
crime [kraɪm] — преступление
crocodile [ˈkrɒkədaɪl] — крокодил
cross [krɒs] — пересекать, переходить
crowd [kraʊd] — толпа
crowded [ˈkraʊdɪd] — переполненный
crucial [ˈkru:ʃɪəl] — решающий, главный
cruel [ˈkru:əl] — жестокий, безжалостный
cry [kraɪ] — плакать, кричать
cub [kʌb] — детеныш
cultural [ˈkʌlʧərəl] — культурный
culture [ˈkʌlʧə] — культура
cunning [ˈkʌnɪŋ] — хитрый
cup [kʌp] — чашка
cure [kjʊə] — лечебное средство; излечивать
curiosity [ˌkjərɪɒsɪti] — любопытство
curious [ˈkjʊərɪəs] — любопытный
current [ˈkʌrənt] — текущий
custom [ˈkʌstəm] — обычай
cut [kʌt] (cut, cut) — резать, рубить
cycle [ˈsaɪkl] — ездить на велосипеде
cycling [ˈsaɪklɪŋ] — езда на велосипеде
dad [dæd] — разг. папа
daily [ˈdeɪli] — ежедневный; ежедневно; ежедневная
газета
dance [dɑ:ns] — танец; танцевать
danger [ˈdeɪnʤə] — опасность
dangerous [ˈdeɪnʤərəs] — опасный
Danish [ˈdeɪnɪʃ] — датский
dark [dɑ:k] — темный
darkness [ˈdɑ:knəs] — темнота, мрак
date [deɪt] — дата
daughter [ˈdɔ:tə] — дочь
 Appendix 8 Vocabulary

day [deɪ] — день discuss [dɪˈskʌs] — обсуждать

daybook [ˈdeɪbʊk] — дневник (школьный)
dead [ded] — мертвый
deadline [ˈdedlaɪn] — конечный срок
deadly [ˈdedli] — смертельный
deal [di:l] (dealt, dealt) — иметь дело; торговать
dear [dɪə] — дорогой, глубокоуважаемый
death [deθ] — смерть
December [dɪˈsembə] —декабрь
decide [dɪˈsɑɪd] — решать
decision [dɪˈsɪʒən] — решение
declare [dɪˈkleə] — объявлять, провозглашать
decorate [ˈdekəreɪt] — украшать
deep [di:p] — глубокий
definite [ˈdefɪnɪt] — определенный
delay [dɪˈleɪ] — задержка; медлить, задерживать
delicious [dɪˈlɪʃəs] — очень вкусный
democratic [ˌdeməˈkrætɪk] — демократичный
dentist [ˈdentɪst] — зубной врач
depend [dɪˈpend] (on) — зависеть от
depress [dɪˈpres] — подавлять, угнетать
describe [dɪˈskraɪb] — описывать
description [dɪˈskrɪpʃən] — описание
design [dɪˈzaɪn] — проект, рисунок; проектировать,
создавать
designer [dɪˈzaɪnə] — художник-декоратор, модельер
desk [desk] — парта, письменный стол
destroy [dɪˈstrɔɪ] — уничтожать, разрушать
detailed [ˈdi:teɪld] — подробный
detective [dɪˈtektɪv] — детективный
detention [dɪˈtenʃən] — оставление (после уроков)
develop [dɪˈveləp] — развивать(ся)
development [dɪˈveləpmənt] — развитие
devil [ˈdevl] — дьявол, черт
devote [dɪˈvəʊt] — посвящать
dial [ˈdaɪəl] — набирать номер (по телефону)
dialect [ˈdaɪəlekt] — диалект
dialogue [ˈdaɪəlɒɡ] — диалог
dictionary [ˈdɪkʃənəri] — словарь (книга)
die [daɪ] — умереть
diet [ˈdaɪət] — диета; соблюдать диету
difference [ˈdɪfərəns] — разница, различие
different [ˈdɪfərənt] — различный
differently [ˈdɪfərəntli] — по-разному, различно
difficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] — трудный
difficulty [ˈdɪfɪkəlti] — трудность, затруднение
dinner [ˈdɪnə] — обед
direction [dɪˈrekʃən] — направление, руководство
dirt [dɜ:t] — грязь
dirty [ˈdɜ:ti] — грязный
disabled [dɪsˈeɪbəld] — инвалид
disadvantage [ˌdɪsədˈvɑ:ntɪʤ] — недостаток; невыгод-
ное положение
disagree [ˌdɪsəˈɡri:] — не соглашаться, ссориться
disagreement [ˌdɪsəˈɡri:mənt] — разногласие,
ссора
disappear [ˌdɪsəˈpɪə] — исчезать, скрываться
discipline [ˈdɪsɪplɪn] — дисциплина, порядок
disco [ˈdɪskəʊ] — дискотека
discover [dɪsˈkʌvə] — открывать, делать открытие
discovery [dɪsˈkʌvəri] — открытие
discussion [dɪˈskʌʃən] — дискуссия, обсуждение
disease [dɪˈzi:z] — болезнь
disgusting [dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ] — отвратительный
dish [dɪʃ] — блюдо, тарелка
dishes — посуда
disk [dɪsk] — диск
display [dɪsˈpleɪ] — выставка, экран; выставлять,
показывать
distance [ˈdɪstəns] — дистанция, расстояние
district [ˈdɪstrɪkt] — район, округ
disturb [dɪˈstɜ:b] — беспокоить, мешать
divide [dɪˈvaɪd] — делить, отделять
do [du:] (did, done) — делать, поступать, выполнять
doctor [ˈdɒktə] — доктор
dog [dɒɡ] — собака
dollar [ˈdɒlə] — доллар
dolphin [ˈdɒlfɪn] — дельфин
door [dɔ:] — дверь
double [ˈdʌbl] — двойной
double-decker [ˈdʌblˈdekə] — двухэтажный автобус
down [daʊn] — вниз, внизу
Dr (doctor) [ˈdɒktə] — сокращенная форма написа-
ния
drama [ˈdrɑ:mə] — драма
dramatical [drəˈmætɪkəl] — драматический
dramatize [ˈdræmətaɪz] — инсценировать
draw [drɔ:] (drew, drawn) — рисовать, чертить
drawing [ˈdrɔ:ɪŋ] — рисование; рисунок
dream [dri:m] — мечта; мечтать
dress [dress] — платье; одевать(ся)
drink [drɪŋk] (drank, drunk) — пить
drive [draɪv] (drove, driven) — ехать на машине, вес-
ти машину
driver [ˈdraɪvə] — водитель
drop [drɒp] — бросать, ронять,
drug [drʌɡ] — лекарство, наркотик
drum [drʌm] — барабан
dry [draɪ] — сухой
dubbing [ˈdʌbɪŋ] — дубляж
during [ˈdjʊərɪŋ] — на протяжении, во время
Dutch [dʌʧ] — голландский
each [i:ʧ] — каждый
each other — друг друга
early [ˈɜ:li] — ранний; рано
earn [ɜ:n] — зарабатывать
earth [ɜ:θ] — земля
easily [ˈi:zɪli] — легко
east [i:st] — восток
easy [ˈi:zi] — легкий; легко
easy-going [ˈi:zɪˌɡəʊɪŋ] — беспечный, добродушный
eat [i:t] (ate, eaten) — есть, кушать
economic [ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk] — экономический, выгодный
economics [ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪks] — экономика, народное
хозяйство
educate [ˌedjuˈkeɪt] — давать образование, воспиты-
вать

145
Appendix 8 Vocabulary

education — образование excite — возбуждать, вызывать (интерес)

educational — образовательный exciting — волнующий
effective — эффективный exclude — исключать
effort — усилие, попытка exclusion — исключение
egg — яйцо excuse — извинение, оправдание
eight — восемь excuse — извинять, прощать
eighteen — восемнадцать exercise book — тетрадь (для упраж-
either — тоже нений)
elder — старший, -ая (брат, сестра) exhibit — выставлять, показывать
electric — электрический exhibition — выставка
electronic — электронный exit — выход
eleven — одиннадцать exotic — экзотический
else — еще expect — ожидать, надеяться, предполагать
e-mail — электронная почта expedition — экспедиция
embarrasing — приводящий в смуще- expel — исключать, выгонять
ние, затруднительный expensive — дорогой
emblem — символ, эмблема experience — опыт, испытание
empty — пустой explain — объяснять
encyclopedia — энциклопедия express — выражать
end — конец expression — выражение
endangered — находящийся под угро- expulsion — исключение из школы
зой вымирания или уничтожения extra — дополнительный, экстра-, сверх-
ending — конец (фильма, истории и т. д.) extract — отрывок (из текста), извлече-
energetic — энергичный ние
energetically — энергично extremely — крайне, чрезмерно
engineer — инженер eye — глаз
English — английский
Englishman — англичанин
enjoy — получать удовольствие, наслаж-
F
даться face — лицо
enjoyable — приятный, доставляющий fact — факт, событие, обстоятельство
удовольствие factory — фабрика, завод
enjoyment — наслаждение, удовольствие fair — ярмарка; справедливый
enough — довольно, достаточно fairy tale — сказка; сказочный
enter — входить, вступать fall (fell, fallen) — падать
entertain — развлекать false — неправильный, фальшивый
entertaining — развлекательный family — семья
entitle — озаглавливать, давать название famous — знаменитый
entrance — вход fan — разг. энтузиаст, болельщик
entry — вход, вступление; словарная статья fantastic — фантастический, превосход-
equivalent — эквивалент ный
especially — особенно far — далекий; далеко
essay — очерк, эссе, сочинение (школьное) fare — плата за проезд
etc — и так далее farm — ферма
European — европейский fashion — мода, фасон
even — даже fashionable — модный
evening — вечер fast — быстрый; быстро
event — событие; вид (спорта) father — отец, папа
ever — когда-либо fault — вина, недостаток
every — каждый favour — благосклонность
everybody — все, каждый (человек) to be in favour of — быть за
everyday — ежедневный, повседневный favourite — любимый
everyone — каждый (человек), все до fax — факс; посылать по факсу
одного February — февраль
everything — всё feed (fed, fed) — кормить
exactly — именно так, точно federation — федерация
exam — экзамен feel (felt, felt) — чувствовать
examine — исследовать, экзаменовать feeling — чувство, ощущение
example — пример feet — см. foot
excellent — отличный; отлично fence — изгородь, забор
exchange — обмен; обменивать festival — фестиваль

146

few [fju:] — несколько, немного
field [fi:ld] — поле, луг; поле деятельности
fifteen [ˌfif ˈti:n] — пятнадцать
fifty [ˈfɪfti] — пятьдесят
fight [faɪt] (fought, fought) — бороться, сражаться
figure [ˈfɪɡə] — цифра, фигура
figure skating [ˈfɪɡə ˌskeɪtɪŋ] — фигурное катание (на
коньках)
fill [fɪl] — заполнять (пропуски)
film [fɪlm] — фильм, фотопленка
final [ˈfaɪnəl] — последний, заключительный, фи-
нальный
finalist [ˈfaɪnəlɪst] — финалист
financial [faɪˈnænʃəl] — финансовый
find [faɪnd] (found, found) — находить
to find out — выяснять, обнаруживать
finding [ˈfaɪndɪŋ] — находка, открытие
fine [faɪn] — хороший, прекрасный
finger [ˈfɪŋɡə] — палец
finish [ˈfɪnɪʃ] — заканчивать
Finnish [ˈfɪnɪʃ] — финский
fire [ˈfaɪə] — огонь, пожар
fireplace [ˈfaɪəpleɪs] — камин
first [fɜ:st] — первый; сначала
firstly [ˈfɜ:stli] — во-первых
fish [fɪʃ] — рыба; ловить рыбу
fitness [ˈfɪtnɪs] (club) — центр здоровья
five [faɪv] — пять
flag [flæɡ] — флаг, знамя
flat [flæt] — квартира
floor [flɔ:] — пол, этаж
flower [ˈflaʊə] — цветок
flu [flu:] — разг. грипп
fly [flaɪ] (flew, flown) — летать, улетать
focus [ˈfəʊkəs] — (зд.) внимание на...
follow [ˈfɒləʊ] — следить, следовать за
following [ˈfɒləʊɪŋ] — следующий
fond [fɒnd]: to be fond of — любить, увлекаться
чем-либо
food [fu:d] — еда, пища
foot [fʊt] (pl. feet) — ступня
football [ˈfʊtbɔ:l] — футбол
for [fɔ:], [fə] — для, в течение какого-то времени
forbid [fəˈbɪd] (forbade, forbidden) — запрещать, не
позволять
foreign [ˈfɒrɪn] — иностранный
foreigner [ˈfɒrɪnə] — иностранец
forest [ˈfɒrɪst] — лес
form [fɔ:m] — класс, форма
forward [ˈfɔ:wəd] — форвард; вперед, дальше
foster [ˈfɒstə] — воспитывать, лелеять
found [faʊnd] — основывать, учреждать
founded [ˈfaʊndɪd] — основанный
four [fɔ:] — четыре
fourteen [ˌfɔ:ˈti:n] — четырнадцать
French [frenʧ] — французский (язык)
free [fri:] — свободный, бесплатный
freedom [ˈfri:dəm] — свобода
freely [ˈfri:li] — свободно
freepost [ˈfri:pəʊst] — бесплатная почта
Frenchman [ˈfrenʧmən] (pl Frenchmen) — фран-
цуз(ы)
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
fresh [freʃ] — свежий, новый, чистый
Friday [ˈfraɪdi] — пятница
friend [frend] — друг, подруга
friendless [ˈfrendlɪs] — одинокий
friendly [ˈfrendli] — дружелюбный
friendship [ˈfrendʃɪp] — дружба
frighten [ˈfraɪtn] — пугать
from [frəm], [frɒm] — из, от
front [frʌnt] — передний
in front of — перед
frost [frɒst] — мороз, иней
frosty [ˈfrɒsti] — морозный
fruit [fru:t] — фрукты, плоды
full [fʊl] — полный
fun [fʌn] — веселье, удовольствие
funny [ˈfʌni] — смешной, забавный
further [ˈfɜ:ðə] — дальше, далее
future [ˈfju:ʧə] — будущее; будущий
gaily [ˈɡeɪli] — весело
gain [ɡeɪn] — приобретать, выигрывать
gallery [ˈɡæləri] — галерея
game [ɡeɪm] — игра
garbage [ˈɡɑ:bɪʤ] — мусор
garden [ˈɡɑ:dn] — сад
general [ˈʤenərəl] — генерал; общий
gentleman [ˈʤentlmən] — джентльмен
geographical [ˌʤɪəˈɡræfɪkəl] — географический
geography [ʤɪˈɒɡrəfi] — география
Georgian [ˈʤɔ:ʤjən] — грузинский
German [ˈʤɜ:mən] — немецкий
get [ɡet] (got, got) — получать
ghost [ɡəʊst] — привидение, дух
gift [ɡɪft] — подарок, дар, талант
gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd] — одаренный
girl [ɡз:l] — девочка
girlfriend [ˈɡɜ:lfrend] — подруга
give [ɡɪv] — давать, подавать
glad [ɡlæd] — довольный
to be glad — радоваться
gleaming [ˈɡli:mɪŋ] — светящийся
glee [ɡli:] — веселье
glorious [ˈɡlɔ:rɪəs] — славный, великолепный
glory [ˈɡlɔ:ri] — слава
glow [ɡləʊ] — румянец; пылать
go [ɡəʊ] (went, gone) — ходить, идти, ехать
God [ɡɒd] — Бог, Всевышний
gold [ɡəʊld] — золото; золотой
golf [ɡɒlf] — гольф
good [ɡʊd] — хороший, добрый
goodbye [ɡʊdˈbaɪ] — до свидания, прощайте
gossip [ˈɡɒsɪp] — сплетни; сплетничать
govern [ˈɡʌvən] — управлять, править
government [ˈɡʌvnment] — правительство
grade [ɡreɪd] — амер. класс (школы)
grammar [ˈɡræmə] — грамматика
grammatical [ɡrəˈmætɪkəl] — грамматический
grandfather [ˈɡrændˌfɑ:ðə] — дедушка
grandma [ˈɡrænmɑ:] — разг. бабушка
147
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
grandpa [ˈɡrænpɑ:] — разг. дедушка
grandparents [ˈɡrænˌpeərənts] — бабушка и дедушка
grandson [ˈɡrænsʌn] — внук
granny [ˈɡræni] — разг. бабушка
grant [ɡrɑ:nt] — стипендия, грант
grapefruit [ˈɡreɪpfru:t] — грейпфрут
great [ɡreɪt] — великий, большой
Greek [ɡri:k] — греческий
green [ɡri:n] — зеленый
grey [ɡreɪ] — серый
grid [ɡrɪd] — таблица, сетка
ground [ɡraʊnd] — земля
group [ɡru:p] — группа
grow [ɡrəʊ] (grew, grown) — расти, выращивать
grown-up [ˌɡrəʊnˈʌp] — взрослый
guess [ɡes] — догадываться
guest [ɡest] — гость
guide [ɡaɪd] — гид
guidelines [ˈɡaɪdlaɪnz] — указания
guitar [ɡɪˈtɑ:] — гитара
gym [ʤɪm] — гимнастический зал
gymnastics [ʤɪmˈnæstɪks] — гимнастика
habit [ˈhæbɪt] — привычка
hair [heə] — волосы
haircut [ˈheəkʌt] — прическа
half [hɑ:f] — половина
hall [hɔ:l] — холл, зал
hamburger [ˈhæmbɜ:ɡə] — гамбургер
hand [hænd] — рука (кисть)
handball [ˈhændbɔ:l] — гандбол
handle [ˈhændl] — ручка; обращаться, обходиться
hang [hæŋ] (hung, hung) — висеть, вешать
happen [ˈhæpən] — случаться, происходить
happening [ˈhæpənɪŋ] — случай, событие
happily [ˈhæpɪli] — удачно, счастливо
happy [ˈhæpi] — счастливый
hard [hɑ:d] — трудный; усердно
hardly [ˈhɑ:dli] — едва, с трудом
hardworking [ˈhɑ:dˌwɜ:kɪŋ] — трудолюбивый
hate [heɪt] — ненавидеть
have [hæv] (had, had) — иметь
has [hæz] — имеет
he [hi:] — он
head [hed] — голова, директор (школы)
headache [ˈhedeɪk] — головная боль
heading [ˈhedɪŋ] — заголовок
health [helθ] — здоровье
healthy [ˈhelθi] — здоровый
hear [hɪə] (heard, heard) — слышать
heart [hɑ:t] — сердце
by heart — наизусть
heavy [ˈhevi] — тяжелый (по весу)
hedgehog [ˈheʤhɒɡ] — еж
helicopter [ˈhelɪkɒptə] — вертолет
Hello! [həˈləʊ] — Привет!
help [help] — помощь; помогать
helper [ˈhelpə] — помощник
helpful [ˈhelpfʊl] — полезный
148
her [hз:] — ее, ей, (о) ней
here [hɪə] — здесь, сюда
hers [hз:z] — ее (чья? абсолютная форма)
herself [hɜ:ˈself] — (она) сама
Hi! [haɪ] — разг. Привет!
high [haɪ] — высокий
highly [ˈhaɪli] — очень, в высшей степени
him [hɪm] — его, ему, им, (о) нем
himself [hɪmˈself] — (он) сам
Hindi [ˈhɪndi:] — хинди (язык в Индии)
his [hɪs] — его (чей?)
historic [hɪˈstɒrɪk] — исторический (имеющий исто-
рическое значение)
historical [hɪˈstɒrɪkəl] — исторический (связанный
с историей)
history [ˈhɪstəri] — история
hit [hɪt] — хит; ударять(ся)
hitchhike [ˈhɪʧhaɪk] — ехать на попутной машине
(бесплатно)
hobby [ˈhɒbi] — хобби, увлечение, любимое занятие
hockey [ˈhɒki] — хоккей
hold [həʊld] (held, held) — держать
hole [həʊl] — дыра, отверстие
holiday [ˈhɒlɪdi] — праздник
holidays [ˈhɒlɪdɪz] — каникулы
home [həʊm] — дом; домой
homework [ˈhəʊmwɜ:k] — домашняя работа
homophones [ˈhɒməfəʊnz] — омофоны (слова, име-
ющие одинаковое звучание, но разное написа-
ние)
honest [ˈɒnɪst] — честный, искренний
honey [ˈhʌni] — мед
honour [ˈɒnə] — честь
hope [həʊp] — надежда; надеяться
hopefully [ˈhəʊpfʊli] — с надеждой
horror [ˈhɒrə] — ужас, отвращение
horse [hɔ:s] — лошадь
horseshoe [ˈhɔ:sʃu:] — подкова
hospitable [ˈhɒspɪtəbəl] — гостеприимный
hospital [ˈhɒspɪtl] — больница
host [həʊst] — хозяин
hot-air balloon — воздушный шар
hour [ˈаʊə] — час
house [haʊs] — дом
how [haʊ] — как, каким образом
however [haʊˈevə] — однако
human [ˈhju:mən] — человеческий
humorous [ˈhju:mərəs] — юмористический, забав-
ный
humour [ˈhju:mə] — юмор
hundred [ˈhʌndrɪd] — сотня
Hungarian [ˈhʌŋɡeərɪən] — венгерский
hungry [ˈhʌŋɡri] — голодный
to be hungry — быть голодным
hurt [hɜ:t] (hurt, hurt) — повредить, причинять боль
I [aɪ] — я
ice hockey [ˈaɪsˌhɒki] — хоккей на льду (с шайбой)
ice-skating [ˈaɪsskeɪtɪŋ] — катание на коньках на льду

idea [aɪˈdɪə] — идея
ideal [aɪˈdɪəl] — идеальный
idiot [ˈɪdɪət] — идиот
ill [ɪl] — больной
to be ill — болеть
illness [ˈɪlness] — болезнь
illumine [ɪˈlju:mɪn] — освещать, просвещать
illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt] — иллюстрировать, пояснять
imagination [ɪˌmæʤɪˈneɪʃən] — воображение
imagine [ɪˈmæʤɪn] — представить, вообразить
immediately [ɪˈmi:djətli] — немедленно, тотчас же
impolite [ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt] — невежливый
importance [ɪmˈpɔ:təns] — важность, значительность
important [ɪmˈpɔ:tənt] — важный
impossible [ɪmˈpɒsəbəl] — невозможный, невыпол-
нимый
impress [ɪmˈpres] — производить впечатление
impression [ɪmˈpreʃən] — впечатление
impressionism [ɪmˈpreʃənɪzəm] — импрессионизм
impressive [ɪmˈpresɪv] — производящий глубокое
впечатление, выразительный
improve [ɪmˈpru:v] — улучшать(ся), совершенство-
вать(ся)
in [ɪn] — в
include [ɪnˈklu:d] — включать, содержать в себе
indeed [ɪnˈdi:d] — в самом деле
independence [ˌɪndɪˈpendəns] — независимость
independent [ˌɪndɪˈpendənt] — независимый
Indian [ˈɪndɪən] — индийский
individual [ɪndɪˈvɪʤʊəl] — личный, индивидуальный
indoor [ˈɪndɔ:] — комнатный, находящийся внутри
дома
industrious [ɪnˈdʌstrɪəs] — трудолюбивый
infinitive [ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv] — инфинитив (неопределенная
форма глагола)
inform [ɪnˈfɔ:m] — сообщать, информировать
information [ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən] — информация
ink [ɪŋk] — чернила
inland [ˈɪnlənd] — внутренний; внутри (страны)
inside [ɪnˈsaɪd] — внутри
instead [ɪnˈsted] (of) — взамен, вместо
institute [ˈɪnstɪtju:t] — институт
instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃən] — инструкция
instructor [ɪnˈstrʌktə] — инструктор, преподаватель
instrument [ˈɪnstrəment] — инструмент
intelligent [ɪnˈtelɪʤənt] — сообразительный, умный
interest [ˈɪntrɪst] — интерес
to be interested in — интересоваться чем-либо
interesting [ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ] — интересный
international [ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl] — международный
internationally [ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəli] — во всем мире
Internet [ˈɪntənet] (the) — Интернет
interview [ˈɪntəvju:] — интервью, беседа
into [ˈɪntʊ] — в (куда?), внутрь
introduce [ˌɪntrəˈdju:s] — представлять, знакомить
invent [ɪnˈvent] — изобретать
inventive [ɪnˈventɪv] — изобретательный
inventor [ɪnˈventə] — изобретатель
invitation [ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən] — приглашение
invite [ɪnˈvaɪt] — приглашать
Irish [ˈaɪərɪʃ] — ирландский
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
irregular [ɪˈreɡjʊlə] — неправильный
is (to be) [ɪz] — глагол-связка
island [ˈaɪlənd] — остров
it [ɪt] — это, оно; его, ему, ей (заменяет неодушевл.
сущ.)
Italian [ɪˈtæljən] — итальянский
italics [ɪˈtælɪks] — курсив
its [ɪts] — его, ее (с неодушевл. сущ.)
jacket [ˈʤækɪt] — жакет, куртка
January [ˈʤænjʊəri] — январь
Japanese [ˌʤæpəˈni:z] — японский
jazz [ʤæz] — джаз
job [ʤɒb] — работа, занятие
jog [ʤɒɡ] — бегать трусцой
jogging [ˈʤɒɡɪŋ] — бег трусцой
join [ʤɔɪn] — присоединяться, вступать
joke [ʤəʊk] — шутка; шутить
journal [ˈʤɜ:nəl] — журнал, дневник
journalist [ˈʤɜ:nəlɪst] — журналист
journey [ˈʤɜ:ni] — путешествие (сухопутное), по-
ездка
joy [ʤɔɪ] — радость, веселье
judo [[ˈʤu:dəʊ] — дзюдо
July [ʤʊˈlaɪ] — июль
jumbled [ˈʤʌmbəld] — перепутанный
jump [ʤʌmp] — прыжок; прыгать
jungle [ˈʤʌŋɡəl] — джунгли
just [ʤʌst] — только что
kangaroo [ˌkæŋɡəˈru:] — кенгуру
keen [ki:n] — острый, резкий
to be keen on Math — сильно интересоваться
математикой
keep [ki:p] — держать, хранить
to keep fit — быть в хорошей форме
key [ki:] — ключ, разгадка
keyboard [ˈki:bɔ:d] — клавиатура
kick [kɪk] — ударять ногой, забивать гол
kickboxing — кикбоксинг
kill [kɪl] — убивать
kilo [ˈki:ləʊ] — килограмм
kilometre [kɪˈlɒmɪtə] — километр
kind [kaɪnd] — вид, разновидность; добрый, любез-
ный
kindness [ˈkaɪndnɪs] — доброта, любезность
kingdom [ˈkɪŋdəm] — королевство
king [kɪŋ] — король
kitchen [ˈkɪʧɪn] — кухня
kiwi [ˈki:wi:] — киви (фрукт)
km — см. kilometre
knee [ni:] — колено
knife [naɪf] (pl knives) [naɪvz] — нож(и)
kopeck [ˈkəʊpek] — копейка
knight [naɪt] — рыцарь
knock [nɒk] — стучать
know [пəʊ] (knew, known) — знать
149
Appendix 8 Vocabulary

knowledge [ˈnɒlɪʤ] — знания, познание live [lɪv] — жить

known [nəʊn] — известный lively [ˈlaɪvli] — живой, веселый
load [ləʊd] — груз
local [ˈləʊkəl] — местный
lock [lɒk] — замок; запирать
label [ˈleɪbəl] — этикетка, ярлык; подписывать кар- Londoner [ˈlʌndənə] — лондонец, житель города
тинки Лондона
labor (labour) [ˈleɪbə] — труд, работа lonely [ˈləʊnli] — одинокий, уединенный
lack [læk] — недостаток, отсутствие long [lɒŋ] — длинный; долго
ladder [ˈlædə] — лестница (приставная) look [lʊk] (at) — смотреть (на), выглядеть
lady [ˈleɪdi] — дама, леди to look for — искать
lake [leɪk] — озеро lord [lɔ:d] — лорд, господин
land [lænd] — земля lose [lu:z] (lost, lost) — терять
landscape [ˈlændskeɪp] — пейзаж, ландшафт
lot [lɒt] (a lot of), (lots of) — много
language [ˈlæŋɡwɪʤ] — язык
loud [laʊd] — громкий
lantern [ˈlæntən] — фонарь (для освещения)
loudly [ˈlaʊdli] — громко
large [lɑ:ʤ] — большой
love [lʌv] — любовь; любить
laser [ˈleɪzə] — лазер
last [lɑ:st] — прошлый, последний lovely [ˈlʌvli] — симпатичный, приятный
late [leɪt] — поздний; поздно loving [ˈlʌvɪŋ] — любящий
lately [ˈleɪtli] — недавно, за последнее время low [ləʊ] — низкий, невысокий; тихий (о голосе)
later [ˈleɪtə] — позже, спустя luck [lʌk] — счастье, удача
Latin [ˈlætɪn] — латинский Good luck! — Желаю удачи!
laugh [lɑ:f] — смеяться lucky [ˈlʌki] — счастливый, удачливый
lay [leɪ] — класть, положить lunch [lʌnʧ] — еда в середине дня (ланч)
lazily [ˈleɪzɪli] — лениво lung [lʌŋ] — легкое
lazy [ˈleɪzi] — ленивый
lead [li:d] (led, led) — вести, руководить
leader [ˈli:də] — лидер, вождь
leaf [li:f] — лист, страница (книги) machine [mæˈʃi:n] — машина, станок
learn [lɜ:n] — учить что-то, узнавать magazine [ˌmæɡəˈzi:n] — журнал
learner [ˈlɜ:nə] — тот, кто учит что-то magic [ˈmæʤɪk] — волшебный
least [li:st] — наименьший magpie [ˈmæɡpaɪ] — сорока
at least — по крайней мере mail [meɪl] — почта; посылать по почте
leave [li:v] (left, left) — уезжать, оставлять mailbox [ˈmeɪbɒks] — амер. почтовый ящик
left [left] — левый mailman [ˈmeɪlman] — амер. почтальон
leg [leɡ] — нога (от бедра до ступни) main [meɪn] — главный, основной
legend [ˈleʤənd] — легенда major [ˈmeɪʤə] — майор; большой, старший
lesson [ˈlesən] — урок make [meɪk] (made, made) — делать, изготовлять,
let [let] — позволять, разрешать заставлять
let us = let’s — давайте man [mæn] (pl men) — мужчина, человек
letter [ˈletə] — буква, письмо manage [ˈmænɪʤ] — уметь, удаваться
library [ˈlaɪbrəri] — библиотека manager [ˈmænɪʤə] — управляющий; менеджер
lie [laɪ] — лгать
many [ˈmeni] — много
life [laɪf] — жизнь
Maori [ˈmaʊri] — маори
light [laɪt] — светлый; легкий (по весу)
mар [mæp] — карта (географическая)
lightly [ˈlaɪtli] — легко
maple [ˈmeɪpl] — клен
lights [laɪts] — огни
like [laɪk] — любить, нравиться; похожий, подоб- marathon [ˈmærəθən] — марафон
ный; как March [mɑ:ʧ] — март
line [laɪn] — линия, черта mark [mɑ:k] — отметка; отмечать
linguist [ˈlɪŋɡwɪst] — лингвист (человек, занимаю- market [ˈmɑ:kɪt] — рынок
щийся изучением языков) mascot [ˈmæskət] — талисман
linguistics [lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks] — лингвистика (наука о язы- master [ˈmɑ:stə] — хозяин
ках) mat [mæt] — половик, коврик
link [lɪŋk] — связь, соединение; соединять match [mæʧ] — состязание
list [lɪst] — список material [məˈtɪərɪəl] — материал; материальный, ве-
listen [ˈlɪsən] — слушать щественный
listening [ˈlɪsənɪŋ] — слушание mathematics [ˌmæθɪˈmætɪks] — математика
literature [ˈlɪtərəʧə] — литература maths [mæθs] — математика (сокр.)
little [ˈlɪtl] — маленький; мало matter [ˈmætə] — вопрос, дело
(a) little — немного May [meɪ] — май

150

may [meɪ] — могу, может, можем и т. д.
maybe [ˈmeɪbi] — может быть
mayor [meə] — мэр
mе [mi:] — мне, меня
meadow [ˈmedəʊ] — луг
meal [mi:l] — пища, еда
mean [mi:n] (meant, meant) — означать, иметь в
виду
meaning [ˈmi:nɪŋ] — значение
means [mi:nz] — средство
by means of — посредством, с помощью
measure [ˈmeʒə] — мера; измерять
meat [mi:t] — мясо
medal [ˈmedl] — медаль
medical [ˈmedɪkəl] — медицинский
medicine [ˈmedsɪn] — медицина; лекарство
meet [mi:t] (met, met) — встретить(ся), познако-
миться
meeting [ˈmi:tɪŋ] — встреча
mellow [ˈmeləʊ] — спелый, сочный
melt [melt] — таять
member [ˈmembə] — член, участник
memorize [ˈmeməraɪz] — заучивать наизусть, запо-
минать
memory [ˈmeməri] — память
men [men] — см. man
mention [ˈmenʃən] — упоминать
message [ˈmesɪʤ] — сообщение, послание
metre [ˈmi:tə] — метр
middle [ˈmɪdl] — середина
might [maɪt] — см. may
mile [maɪl] — миля
milk [mɪlk] — молоко
mill [mɪl] — мельница, фабрика
milliard [ˈmɪljɑ:d] — миллиард
million [ˈmɪljən] — миллион
mind [maɪnd] — разум; помнить; возражать
mine [maɪn] — мой, моя, мое и т. д. (абсолютная
форма)
mingle [ˈmɪŋɡl] — смешивать(ся)
minister [ˈmɪnɪstə] — министр
minute [ˈmɪnɪt] — минута
Just a minute. — Подождите минуточку.
in a minute — через минуту
mirror [ˈmɪrə] — зеркало
misfortune [mɪsˈfɔ:ʧən] — несчастье, неудача
Miss [mɪs] — обращение к девушке
miss [mɪs] — пропускать (уроки), скучать
missing [ˈmɪsɪŋ] — отсутствующий
mistake [mɪˈsteɪk] — ошибка
mitten [ˈmɪtn] — рукавица
mix [mɪks] — смешивать(ся), общаться
mixture [ˈmɪksʧə] — смесь
model [ˈmɒdl] — модель, образец
modern [ˈmɒdn] — современный
modest [ˈmɒdɪst] — скромный
mom [mɒm] — разг. mother
moment [ˈməʊmənt] — момент
Monday [ˈmʌndi] — понедельник
money [ˈmʌni] — деньги
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
monitor [ˈmɒnɪtə] — монитор
month [mʌnθ] — месяц
monthly [ˈmʌnθli] — ежемесячно; ежемесячный
monument [ˈmɒnjʊmənt] — памятник
mood [mu:d] — настроение; грам. наклонение
moon [mu:n] — луна
more [mɔ:] — больше, более
moreover [mɔ:ˈrəʊvə] — кроме того, сверх того
most [məʊst] — самый
mostly [ˈməʊstli] — главным образом
mother [ˈmʌðə] — мама
motorcycle [ˈməʊtəˌsaɪkəl] — мотоцикл
motto [ˈmɒtəʊ] — девиз, эпиграф
mountain [ˈmaʊntɪn] — гора
mouse [maʊs] — мышь
mouth [maʊθ] — рот
move [mu:v] — двигать(ся), переезжать, передви-
гать(ся)
movement [ˈmu:vmənt] — движение
movie [ˈmu:vi] — амер. фильм
Mr [ˈmɪstə] — (сокр. от Mister) мистер
Mrs [ˈmɪsɪz] — (сокр. от Mistress) миссис
Ms [mɪz, məz] — употребляется вместо Mrs или
Miss
much [mʌʧ] — много
mum [mʌm] — разг. mother
museum [mju:ˈzi:əm] — музей
mushroom [ˈmʌʃru:m] — гриб
music [ˈmju:zɪk] — музыка
musical [ˈmju:zɪkəl] — музыкальный; мюзикл
musician [mju:ˈzɪʃən] — музыкант
must [mʌst] — должен
my [maɪ] — мой, моя, мое, мои
myself [maɪˈself] — (я) сам
name [neɪm] — имя
narrow [ˈnærəʊ] — узкий
nation [ˈneɪʃən] — нация, народ
national [ˈnæʃənəl] — национальный
nationality [ˌnæʃəˈnælɪti] — национальность
native [ˈneɪtɪv] — родной, отечественный
natural [ˈnæʧərəl] — естественный, природный
nature [ˈneɪʧə] — природа
naughty [ˈnɔ:ti] — непослушный, вредный (о ребен-
ке)
near [nɪə] — около, рядом, близко
nearly [ˈnɪəli] — почти, около, приблизительно
neat [ni:t] — опрятный
necessarily [ˈnesɪsərɪli] — необходимо
necessary [ˈnesɪsəri] — необходимый
need [ni:d] — нужда; нуждаться
neighbour [ˈneɪbə] — сосед
neither... nor [ˈnaɪðə…ˈnɔ:] — ни... ни
nephew [ˈnevju:], [nefju:] — племянник
nervous [ˈnɜ:vəs] — нервный
net [net] — сетка
network [ˈnetwɜ:k] — сеть
never [ˈnevə] — никогда
151
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
new [nju:] — новый
news [nju:z] — новость, новости
newspaper [ˈnju:zˌpeɪpə] — газета
next [nekst] — следующий, ближайший, будущий
nice [naɪs] — красивый, приятный
nicely [ˈnaɪsli] — хорошо
niece [ni:s] — племянница
night [naɪt] — ночь
nine [naɪn] — девять
nineteen [ˌnaɪnˈti:n] — девятнадцать
ninth [naɪnθ] — девятый
no [nəʊ] — нет
nobody [ˈnəʊbədi] — никто
noise [nɔɪz] — шум
noiseless [ˈnɔɪzləs] — бесшумный
noisily [ˈnɔɪzɪli] — шумно
noisy [ˈnɔɪzi] — шумный
non-academic [ˌnɒnækəˈdemɪk] — зд. внеурочный
none [nʌn] — никто, ничто
nonsense [ˈnɒnsəns] — вздор, бессмыслица
normal [ˈnɔ:məl] — нормальный
normally [ˈnɔ:məli] — нормально, обычно
north [nɔ:θ] — север
northern [ˈnɔ:ðən] — северный
Norwegian [nɔ:ˈwi:ʤən] — норвежский
nose [nəʊz] — нос
not [nɒt] — не (отриц. частица)
note [nəʊt] — заметка, запись
nothing [ˈnʌθɪŋ] — ничего
noun [naʊn] — имя существительное
novel [ˈnɒvəl] — роман
now [naʊ] — теперь, сейчас
number [ˈnʌmbə] — номер, число, цифра
numeral [ˈnju:mərəl] — числовой; имя числительное
nurse [nɜ:s] — медсестра, няня
nut [nʌt] — орех
object [ˈɒbʤɪkt] — предмет, вещь; цель; грам. допол-
нение
occupy [ˈɒkjʊpaɪ] — занимать (о пространстве)
ocean [ˈəʊʃən] — океан
o’clock [əˈklɒk] — час (указание на время)
October [ɒkˈtəʊbə] — октябрь
of [ɒv, əv] — предлог родительного падежа
off [ɒf] — о, от (предлог, указывает на удаление)
offer [ˈɒfə] — предложение; предлагать
office [ˈɒfɪs] — офис, контора
official [əˈfɪʃəl] — официальный
often [ˈɒfən] — часто
Oh! [əʊ] — О! (восклицание)
ОК [əʊ ˈkeɪ] — все в порядке, хорошо, ладно (разг.)
old [əʊld] — старый
Olympiad [əˈlɪmpɪæd] — олимпиада
Olympic [əˈlɪmpɪk] — олимпийский
Olympics [əˈlɪmpɪks] — Олимпийские игры
on [ɒn] — на, в
on Sunday — в воскресенье
once [wʌns] — однажды; один раз
one [wʌn] — один
152
onion [ˈʌnjən] — лук
only [ˈəʊnli] — только
open [ˈəʊpən] — открывать; открытый
openly [ˈəʊpənli] — открыто; откровенно
opera [ˈɒpərə] — опера
operate [ˈɒpəreɪt] — действовать, работать
opinion [əˈpɪnjən] — мнение
opportunity [ˌɒpəˈtju:nɪti] — возможность; удобный
случай
opposite [ˈɒpəzɪt] — напротив; противоположный
optimistic [ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk] — оптимистический
or [ɔ:] — или
orange [ˈɒrɪnʤ] — апельсин
order [ˈɔ:də] — порядок; приказ
organization [ˌɔ:ɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən] — организация
organize [ˈɔ:ɡənaɪz] — организовывать, устраивать
organizer [ˈɔ:ɡənaɪzə] — организатор
original [əˈrɪʤənl] — первоначальный, подлинный
other [ˈʌðə] — другой, иной
ought [ɔ:t] — должен (бы), следовало (бы)
our [ˈаʊə] — наш
outdoor [ˈaʊtdɔ:] — на открытом воздухе
outside [ˈaʊtsaɪd] — за пределами, вне
outstanding [aʊtˈstændɪŋ] — выдающийся
over [ˈəʊvə] — над, через (речку)
The lesson is over. — Урок окончен.
own [əʊn] — собственность
pad [pæd] — блокнот
page [peɪʤ] — страница
paint [peɪnt] — рисовать (красками), красить
painter [ˈpeɪntə] — художник
painting [ˈpeɪntɪŋ] — рисунок, картина
pair [реə] — пара
palace [ˈpælɪs] — дворец
pale [peɪl] — бледный
panic [ˈpænɪk] — паника; паниковать
paper [ˈpeɪpə] — бумага; документ
parent [ˈpeərənt] — родитель
park [pɑ:k] — парк; ставить на стоянку (автомо-
биль)
parking [ˈpɑ:kɪŋ] — стоянка (для автомашин)
parliament [ˈpɑ:ləmənt] — парламент
parrot [ˈpærət] — попугай
part [рɑ:t] — часть
to take part — принимать участие
participant [pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpənt] — участник
participate [pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt] — участвовать
participation [pɑ:ˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən] — участие
participle [ˈpɑ:tɪsɪpəl] — причастие (грам.)
partner [ˈpɑ:tnə] — партнер
party [ˈpɑ:ti] — прием гостей, вечеринка
pass [pɑ:s] — проход; проходить, пересекать
passage [ˈpæsɪʤ] — проход, проезд
passive [ˈpæsɪv] — пассивный
passive voice — страдательный залог (грам.)
past [pɑ:st] — прошедший, прошлый
path [pɑ:θ] — тропинка, дорожка, путь
patient [ˈpeɪʃənt] — пациент, больной; терпеливый

pay [peɪ] (paid, paid) — платить
pea [pi:] — горошина
peace [pi:s] — мир
peach [pi:ʧ] — персик
pen [pen] — ручка, перо
pencil [ˈpensəl] — карандаш
pen friend [ˈpen frend] — друг по переписке
penguin [ˈpeŋɡwɪn] — пингвин
penny [ˈpeni] — пенни, pl pennies — отдельные мо-
неты; pence — пенсы (как сумма)
people [ˈpi:pəl] — люди
peoples [ˈpi:pəlz] — народ, нация
pepper [ˈрерə] — перец
perfect [ˈpɜ:fɪkt] — совершенный, прекрасный
perform [рəˈfɔ:m] — представлять, исполнять (роль)
performance [рəˈfɔ:məns] — преставление, спектакль
perhaps [pəˈhæps] — может быть, возможно
permit [pəˈmɪt] — разрешать, позволять
person [ˈpɜ:sən] — человек, личность
personal [ˈpɜ:sənəl] — личный
personally [ˈpɜ:sənəli] — лично, сам
pet [pet] — питомец, домашнее животное
pharmacy [ˈfɑ:məsi] — аптека
phone [fəʊn] — телефон; звонить по телефону
phonecard [ˈfəʊnkɑ:d] — телефонная карта
phonetics [fəʊˈnetɪks] — фонетика
photo [ˈfəʊtəʊ] — фотография
photograph [ˈfəʊtəɡrɑ:f] — фотография (снимок);
фотографировать
photographer [fəˈtɒɡrəfə] — фотограф
phrasal [ˈfreɪzəl] — фразовый
phrase [freɪz] — фраза
physical [ˈfɪzɪkəl] — физический
physics [ˈfɪzɪks] — физика
piano [pɪˈænəʊ] — пианино
picnic [ˈpɪknɪk] — пикник
picture [ˈpɪkʧə] — картина
pie [paɪ] — пирог
piece [pi:s] — кусок
pill [pɪl] — пилюля, таблетка
pilot [ˈpaɪlət] — пилот
pink [pɪŋk] — розовый
pizza [ˈpi:tsə] — пицца
place [pleɪs] — место
place of interest — достопримечательность
plan [plæn] — план; планировать
plane [pleɪn] — самолет
planet [ˈplænɪt] — планета
plant [plɑ:nt] — растение
play [pleɪ] — игра; играть
player [ˈpleɪə] — игрок
playground [ˈpleɪɡraʊnd] — спортплощадка
pleasant [ˈplezənt] — приятный
please [pli:z] — пожалуйста
pleased [pli:zd] — довольный
pleasure [ˈpleʒə] — удовольствие
plural [ˈplʊərəl] — множественное число (грам.)
plus [plʌs] — плюс
pocket [ˈpɒkɪt] — карман
poem [ˈpəʊɪm] — стихотворение
poet [ˈpəʊɪt] — поэт
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
poetry [ˈpəʊɪtri] — поэзия, стихи
point [pɔɪnt] — пункт, точка; указывать
pointed [ˈpɔɪntɪd] — остроконечный
police [pəˈli:s] — полиция
policeman [pəˈli:smən] (pl policemen) — полицей-
ский(ие)
Polish [ˈpəʊlɪʃ] — польский; польский язык
polite [pəˈlaɪt] — вежливый
politely [pəˈlaɪtli] — вежливо
political [pəˈlɪtɪkəl] — политический
politician [ˌpɒlɪˈtɪʃən] — политик
pollution [pəˈlu:ʃən] — загрязнение
polo [ˈpəʊləʊ] — игра (сокращ. водное поло)
pool [pu:l] — бассейн, лужа
poor [pɔ:] — бедный
pop music [ˈpɒpˌmju:zɪk]; pop [pɒp] — поп-музыка
popular [ˈpɒpjʊlə] — популярный
population [ˌpɒɟʊˈleɪʃən] — население
porridge [ˈpɒrɪʤ] — каша (овсяная)
Portuguese [ˌpɔ:ʧʊˈɡi:z] — португальский; порту-
гальский язык
position [pəˈzɪʃən] — позиция, положение
possible [ˈpɒsɪbəl] — возможный
post [pəʊst] — почта; отправлять по почте
postcard [ˈpəʊstkɑ:d] — открытка
poster [ˈpəʊstə] — плакат, афиша
postman [ˈpəʊstmən] (pl postmen) — почтальон
post office [ˈpəʊst ˌɒfɪs] — почта, почтовое отделение
pot [pɒt] — горшок, котелок
potato [pəˈteɪtəʊ] — картошка
potter [ˈpɒtə] — гончар
pound [paʊnd] — фунт (единица веса); фунт стер-
лингов (денежная единица)
powerful [ˈpaʊəfʊl] — сильный, мощный
practice [ˈpræktɪs] — практика
practising [ˈpræktɪsɪŋ] — практикующий
predict [prɪˈdɪkt] — предсказывать
prediction [prɪˈdɪkʃən] — предсказание
prefer [prɪˈfɜ:] — предпочитать
prepare [prɪˈpeə] — готовить, подготавливать(ся)
preposition [ˌprepəˈzɪʃən] — предлог
present [ˈprezənt] — подарок, настоящий
present [prɪˈzent] — дарить, преподносить
president [ˈprezɪdənt] — президент
pretend [prɪˈtend] — притворяться
prevent [prɪˈvent] — предотвращать; мешать
price [praɪs] — цена
priest [pri:st] — священник
primary [ˈpraɪməri] — начальный, первичный
prime [praɪm] — главный
principle [ˈprɪnsɪpəl] — директор (школы); главный
print [prɪnt] — печатать
private [ˈpraɪvɪt] — частный, личный
prize [praɪz] — премия, приз
probably [ˈprɒbəbli] — вероятно
problem [ˈprɒbləm] — проблема, задача
produce [prəˈdju:s] — производить, создавать
product [ˈprɒdəkt] — продукт, результат
professional [prəˈfeʃənl] — профессиональный
profession [prəˈfeʃən] — профессия
professor [prəˈfesə] — профессор
153
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
programme [ˈprəʊɡræm] — программа, план
programmer [ˈprəʊɡræmə] — программист
progress [ˈprəʊɡres] — развитие, прогресс
progressive [ˈprəʊɡresɪv] — прогрессивный, передо-
вой
prohibit [prəˈhɪbɪt] — запрещать
project [ˈprɒʤekt] — проект, план
prominent [ˈprɒmɪnənt] — выдающийся, известный
promise [ˈprɒmɪs] — обещание; обещать
prompt [prɒmpt] — подсказка; подсказывать
pronoun [ˈprəʊnaʊn] — наречие
pronounce [prəˈnaʊns] — произносить
pronunciation [prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃən] — произношение
proper [ˈprɒpə] — подходящий, правильный
properly [ˈprɒpəli] — правильно, надлежащим обра-
зом
proposal [prəˈpəʊzəl] — предложение
propose [prəˈpəʊz] — предлагать, предполагать
prose [prəʊz] — проза
protect [prəˈtekt] — защищать, охранять
protest [ˈprəʊtest] — протест
protest [prəˈtest] — протестовать
proud [praʊd] — гордый
to be proud of — гордиться
prove [pru:v] — доказывать
proverb [ˈprɒvɜ:b] — пословица
provide [prəˈvaɪd] — обеспечивать, снабжать
public [ˈpʌblɪk] — народ, публика; общественный,
государственный
publish [ˈpʌblɪʃ] — публиковать, печатать, издавать
pulp [pʌlp] — мякоть; превращать в мякоть
pumpkin [ˈpʌmpkɪn] — тыква
punish [ˈpʌnɪʃ] — наказывать
punishment [ˈpʌnɪʃmənt] — наказание
pupil [ˈpju:pəl] — ученик
puppy [ˈpʌpi] — щенок
purpose [ˈpɜ:pəs] — намерение, цель
put [pʊt] (put, put) — класть, ставить
puzzle [ˈpʌzəl] — загадка, головоломка
pyramid [ˈpɪrəmɪd] — пирамида
quality [ˈkwɒlɪti] — качество, сорт
quarrel [ˈkwɒrəl] — ссора; ссориться
quarter [ˈkwɔ:tə] — четверть
question [ˈkwesʧən] — вопрос
questionnaire [ˌkwesʧəˈneə] — вопросник, анкета
quick [kwɪk] — быстрый, скорый
quickly [ˈkwɪkli] — быстро, скоро
quiet [ˈkwaɪət] — тихий, спокойный
quite [kwaɪt] — вполне, совсем
quiz [kwɪz] — викторина
quote [kwəʊt] — цитировать, ссылаться
rabbit [ˈræbɪt] — кролик
race [reɪs] — гонка
radio [ˈreɪdɪəʊ] — радио
railway [ˈreɪlweɪ] — железная дорога
154
rain [reɪn] — дождь
It rains. — Идет дождь.
rainfall [ˈreɪnfɔ:l] — ливень
range [reɪnʤ] — ряд, линия
raze [reɪz] — разрушать до основания
rather [ˈrɑ:ðə] — до некоторой степени, скорее... чем
reach [ri:ʧ] — достигать, доезжать до
read [ri:d] (read, read) — читать
reader [ˈri:də] — читатель; книга для чтения
ready [ˈredi] — готовый
real [rɪəl] — подлинный, настоящий
realize [ˈrɪəlaɪz] — осознавать, понимать
realistic [rɪəˈlɪstɪk] — реалистический
really [ˈrɪəli] — действительно, разве
reason [ˈri:zən] — причина
recall [rɪˈkɔ:l] — вспоминать, напоминать
receive [rɪˈsi:v] — получать
recently [ˈri:səntli] — недавно, на днях
recognize [ˈrekəɡnaɪz] — узнавать, признавать
recommend [ˌrekəˈmend] — рекомендовать
red [red] — красный
referee [ˌrefəˈri:] — судья (спорт.)
reflect [rɪˈflekt] — отражать
refuse [rɪˈfju:z] — отказывать(ся)
regular [ˈreɡjʊlə] — регулярный, правильный
regularly [ˈreɡjʊləli] — регулярно, обычно
rein [reɪn] — править (лошадью)
relation [rɪˈleɪʃən] — отношение
relative [ˈrelətɪv] — родственник
relax [rɪˈlæks] — отдыхать, расслабляться
religion [rɪˈlɪʤən] — религия
religious [rɪˈlɪʤəs] — религиозный
rely [rɪˈlaɪ] — полагаться, доверять
remember [rɪˈmembə] — помнить, запоминать
remote [rɪˈməʊt] — отдаленный
repair [rɪˈpeə] — чинить
repeat [rɪˈpi:t] — повторять
replace [rɪˈpleɪs] — замещать, заменять
reply [rɪˈplaɪ] — ответ; отвечать
report [rɪˈpɔ:t] — доклад, отчет; сообщать
represent [ˌreprɪˈzent] — представлять
reptile [ˈreptaɪl] — пресмыкающееся
republic [rɪˈpʌblɪk] — республика
research [rɪˈsɜ:ʧ] — научное исследование; исследо-
вать
reserve [rɪˈzɜ:v] — сберегать, запасать
resolution [ˌrezəˈlu:ʃən] — решение
respect [rɪˈspekt] — уважать
responsible [rɪˈspɒnsɪbəl] — ответственный
to be responsible for — быть ответственным за
rest [rest] — отдых; отдыхать
restaurant [ˈrestərɒŋ] — ресторан
result [rɪˈzʌlt] — результат
retell [ri:ˈtel] (retold, retold) — пересказывать
return [rɪˈtɜ:n] — возвращать(ся), отдавать
review [rɪˈvju:] — обзор, обозрение; обозревать, по-
вторять
revive [rɪˈvaɪv] — возродить
revize [rɪˈvaɪz] — пересматривать, исправлять
rice [raɪs] — рис
rich [rɪʧ] — богатый
to be rich in — быть богатым чем-либо

rid [rɪd] (rid, rid) — избавлять
to get rid of — избавляться от...
ride [raɪd] (rode, ridden) — ехать верхом
right [raɪt] — правый, правильный
all right — все в порядке
ring [rɪŋ] (rang, rung) — звонить
rink [rɪŋk] — каток
rise [raɪz] (rose, risen) — подниматься, вставать
river [ˈrɪvə] — река
road [rəʊd] — дорога, путь
rock [rɒk] — рок
rock-group [ˈrɒkɡru:p] — рок-группа
role [rəʊl] — роль
roller [ˈrəʊlə] — ролик
romantic [rəˈmæntɪk] — романтический
room [rʊm] — комната
root [ru:t] — корень
rouble [ˈru:bəl] — рубль
round [raʊnd] — круглый; вокруг
rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] — мусор
rude [ru:d] — грубый
rule [ru:l] — правило; править
run [rʌn] (ran, run) — бегать, бежать
runner [ˈrʌnə] — бегун
rush [rʌʃ] — мчаться, нестись
rush hour — час пик
Russian [ˈrʌʃən] — русский; русский язык
sad [sæd] — грустный, печальный
safe [seɪf] — безопасный, надежный
safety [ˈseɪfti] — безопасность
sail [seɪl] — плыть, идти под парусами
sailor [ˈseɪlə] — моряк
salad [ˈsæləd] — салат
same [seɪm] — тот же самый
sandwich [ˈsændwɪʤ] — бутерброд, сандвич
sandy [ˈsændi] — песчаный
satisfy [ˈsætɪsfaɪ] — удовлетворять
Saturday [ˈsætədi] — суббота
sauna [ˈsɔ:nə] — сауна
save [seɪv] — спасать
saxophone [ˈsæksəfəʊn] — саксофон
say [seɪ] (said, said) — говорить, сказать
saying [ˈseɪɪŋ] — поговорка
scary [ˈskeəri] — устрашающий
school [sku:l] — школа
schoolchildren [ˈsku:lʧɪldrən] — школьники
science [ˈsaɪəns] — наука
natural sciences — естественные науки
scientific [ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk] — научный
scientist [ˈsaɪəntɪst] — ученый
score [skɔ:] — счет очков (в игре)
Scot [skɒt] — шотландец
Scottish [ˈskɒtɪʃ] — шотландский
screen [skri:n] — экран
sea [si:] — море
season [ˈsi:zən] — время года
second [ˈsekənd] — второй; секунда
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
secondary [ˈsekəndəri] — средний
secondly [ˈsekəndli] — во-вторых
secret [ˈsi:krɪt] — секрет
section [ˈsekʃən] — параграф, раздел
see [si:] (saw, seen) — видеть
seem [si:m] — казаться, представлять
seldom [ˈseldəm] — редко
self-confidence [ˌselfˈkɒnfɪdəns] — самоуверенность
sell [sel] (sold, sold) — продавать, торговать
seminar [ˈsemɪnɑ:] — семинар
send [send] (sent, sent) — посылать
sense [sens] — чувство, разум
sensible [ˈsensəbl] — разумный, благоразумный
sentence [ˈsentəns] — предложение
September [sepˈtembə] — сентябрь
serious [ˈsɪərɪəs] — серьезный
seriously [ˈsɪərɪəsli] — серьезно
serve [sɜ:v] — служить, обслуживать
service [ˈsɜ:vɪs] — служба, обслуживание
set [set] (set, set) — ставить, класть
setting [ˈsetɪŋ] — окружающая обстановка
seven [ˈsevən] — семь
seventeen [ˌsevənˈti:n] — семнадцать
seventh [ˈsevənθ] — седьмой
severe [sɪˈvɪə] — строгий, суровый
shade [ʃeɪd] — тень, оттенок, амер. штора
shadow [ˈʃædəʊ] — тень (человека, предмета)
shake [ʃeɪk] (shook, shaken) — трясти
shall [ʃæl, ʃəl] — вспомогательный глагол будущего
времени, 1 л. ед., мн. ч.
share [ʃeə] — делиться, пользоваться вместе
she [ʃi:] — она
ship [ʃɪp] — корабль
shock [ʃɒk] — удар, толчок, потрясение
shoe [ʃu:] — туфля, башмак
shooting [ˈʃu:tɪŋ] — стрельба, охота
shop [ʃɒp] — магазин, лавка
to go shopping [ˈʃɒpɪŋ] — ходить за покупками
short [ʃɔ:t] — короткий
shorten [ˈʃɔ:tn] — укорачивать(ся)
shot [ʃɒt] — выстрел
should [ʃʊd, ʃəd] — вспомогательный / модальный
глагол
You should... — Вам следует...
shoot [ʃu:t] (shot, shot) — стрелять
shout [ʃaʊt] — кричать
show [ʃəʊ] — представление, шоу
show [ʃəʊ] (showed, shown) — показывать
shower [ˈʃaʊə] — душ, ливень
shy [ʃaɪ] — застенчивый
sick [sɪk] — больной
to feel sick (to be sick) — испытывать тошноту,
недомогание
side [saɪd] — сторона
sight [saɪt] — взгляд, достопримечательность
sightseeing [ˈsaɪtˌsi:ɪŋ] — осмотр достопримечатель-
ностей
sign [saɪn] — надпись; подписывать(ся)
signature [ˈsɪɡnɪʧə] — подпись
silence [ˈsaɪləns] — тишина
silly [ˈsɪli] — глупый
155
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
similar [ˈsɪmələ] — подобный, похожий
simple [ˈsɪmpl] — простой
simply [ˈsɪmpli] — просто
sin [sɪn] — грех; грешить
since [sɪns] — с тех пор как
sing [sɪŋ] (sang, sung) — петь
singer [ˈsɪŋə] — певец
single [ˈsɪŋɡəl] — холостой, незамужняя
singular [ˈsɪŋɡjulə] — единственное (число); не-
обычный
sir [sɜ:] — сэр
sister [ˈsɪstə] — сестра
sit [sɪt] (sat, sat) — сидеть
situated [ˈsɪtjueɪtɪd] — расположенный
situation [ˌsɪtjuˈeɪʃən] — ситуация
six [sɪks] — шесть
sixteen [ˌsɪksˈti:n] — шестнадцать
skate [skeɪt] — конек; кататься на коньках
skater [ˈskeɪtə] — конькобежец
skating rink [ˈskeɪtɪŋ ˌrɪŋk] — каток
ski [ski:] — кататься на лыжах
skill [skɪl] — мастерство, искусство
skilled [skɪld] — опытный, квалифицированный
skim [skɪm] — бегло прочитывать
skin [skɪn] — кожа, шкура
sky [skaɪ] — небо
skyscraper [ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə] — небоскреб
sledge [sleʤ] — сани; кататься на санях
sleep [sli:p] (slept, slept) — спать
sloppy [ˈslɒpi] — неряшливый
slow [sləʊ] — медленный
slowly [ˈsləʊli] — медленно
small [smɔ:l] — маленький
smart [ˈsmɑ:t] — умный, модный
smell [smel] — запах; пахнуть
smile [smaɪl] — улыбка; улыбаться
smoke [sməʊk] — дым; курить
smoker [ˈsməʊkə] — курильщик
snow [snəʊ] — снег
so [səʊ] — так, такой, поэтому
soap [səʊp] — «мыльная опера», телесериал
soccer [ˈsɒkə] — футбол
sociable [ˈsəʊʃəbəl] — общительный
soft [sɒft] — мягкий
solarium [səʊˈleərɪəm] — солярий
soldier [ˈsəʊlʤə] — солдат
solution [səˈlu:ʃən] — решение, разрешение
solve [sɒlv] — решать
some [sʌm] — несколько, некоторое количество,
какой-то
somebody [ˈsʌmbədi] — кто-то, кто-нибудь
someone [ˈsʌmwʌn] — кто-то, кто-нибудь
something [ˈsʌmθɪŋ] — что-то, что-нибудь
sometimes [ˈsʌmtaɪmz] — иногда
son [sʌn] — сын
song [sɒŋ] — песня
soon [su:n] — скоро
sore [sɔ:] — больной, болезненный
Sorry [ˈsɒri] — Извините!
sort [sɔ:t] — род, сорт
soul [səʊl] — душа, дух
156
sound [saʊnd] — звук
south [saʊθ] — юг
southern [ˈsʌðən] — южный
space [speɪs] — пространство, космос
spaceship [ˈspeɪsʃɪp] — космический корабль
spaghetti [spəˈɡeti] — спагетти (сорт макарон)
Spanish [ˈspænɪʃ] — испанский; испанский язык
speak [spi:k] (spoke, spoken) — разговаривать, гово-
рить
speaker [ˈspi:kə] — оратор, спикер
special [ˈspeʃəl] — особый, специальный
specialist [ˈspeʃəlɪst] — специалист
speech [spi:ʧ] — речь, выступление
speed [spi:d] — скорость
spend [spend] (spent, spent) — проводить (время),
тратить
spider [ˈspaɪdə] — паук
spirit [ˈspɪrɪt] — дух, душа
splash [splæʃ] — брызги, плеск; брызгать(ся)
split [splɪt] (split, split) — раскалывать(ся)
sport [spɔ:t] (sports) — спорт
sportsman [ˈspɔ:tsmən] (pl sportsmen) — спортс-
мен(ы)
sporty [ˈspɔ:ti] — спортивный, резвый
spot [spɒt] — место, пятно
spread [spred] (spread, spread) — простираться,
раскидывать(ся)
spring [sprɪŋ] — весна
sputnik [ˈspʊtnɪk] — спутник
square [skweə] — площадь, сквер
St (saint) [seɪnt] — святой
stadium [ˈsteɪdɪəm] — стадион
stage [steɪʤ] — сцена, стадия
stair [steə] — ступенька
stamp [stæmp] — марка
stand [stænd] (stood, stood) — стоять
star [stɑ:] — звезда
start [stɑ:t] — старт; начинать
state [steɪt] — государство, штат
statement [ˈsteɪtment] — утверждение, заявление
station [ˈsteɪʃən] — станция
statistics [stəˈtɪstɪks] — статистика
stay [steɪ] — оставаться, останавливаться
stay with — гостить у...
steel [sti:l] — сталь
steeple [ˈsti:pl] — шпиль
step [step] — шаг; шагать
still [stɪl] — все еще, пока еще
stipend [ˈstaɪpend] — стипендия
stomachache [ˈstʌməkeɪk] — боль в желудке
stone [stəʊn] — камень; каменный
stop [stɒp] — остановка; останавливать(ся)
store [stɔ:] — магазин, запас
storm [stɔ:m] — буря, шторм
story [ˈstɔ:ri] — история
stove [stəʊv] — печка, плита (кухонная)
straight [streɪt] — прямой; прямо
strange [streɪnʤ] — странный, чужой
strawberry [ˈstrɔ:bəri] — земляника, клубника
stream [stri:m] — поток, ручей
street [stri:t] — улица
 Appendix 8 Vocabulary

stress [stres] — ударение, напряжение, стресс take [teɪk] (took, taken) — брать, взять
stretch [streʧ] — тянуть, вытягивать to take care of — заботиться о
strict [strɪkt] — строгий to take off — снимать (об одежде)
strong [strɒŋ] — сильный, крепкий to take out — выносить
student [ˈstju:dənt] — ученик, студент to take part in — участвовать в
study [ˈstʌdi] — изучать, учиться to take place in — происходить в, иметь место
stupid [ˈstju:pɪd] — глупый talent [ˈtælənt] — талант
subject [ˈsʌbʤɪkt] — учебный предмет talented [ˈtæləntɪd] — талантливый
subjunctive [səbˈʤʌŋktɪv] (mood) — сослагательное talk [tɔ:k] — разговор; разговаривать
наклонение talkative [ˈtɔ:kətɪv] — разговорчивый
subtitle [ˈsʌbˌtaɪtl] — подзаголовок talker [ˈtɔ:kə] — любитель поговорить
suburb [ˈsʌbɜ:b] — пригород tall [tɔ:l] — высокий
subway [ˈsʌbweɪ] — туннель, амер. метрополитен task [tɑ:sk] — задание
succeed [səkˈsi:d] — достигать цели tasty [ˈteɪsti] — вкусный
success [səkˈses] — успех, удача taxi [ˈtæksɪ] — такси
successful [səkˈsesfʊl] — удачный, успешный tea [ti:] — чай
such [sʌʧ] — такой teach [ti:ʧ] (taught, taught) — учить кого-то, об-
suddenly [ˈsʌdnli] — вдруг учать
suffix [ˈsʌfɪks] — суффикс teacher [ˈti:ʧə] — учитель
sugar [ˈʃʊɡə] — сахар team [ti:m] — команда
suggest [səˈʤest] — предлагать, советовать tear [tɪə] — слеза
suggestion [səˈʤesʧən] — предложение, совет technical [ˈteknɪkəl] — технический
suitable [ˈsju:təbl] — подходящий, годный technology [tekˈnɒleʤi] — технология
suit [su:t] — костюм; подходить teen(s) — см. teenager
summary [ˈsʌməri] — краткое изложение teenage [ˈti:neɪʤ] — подростковый
summer [ˈsʌmə] — лето; летний teenager [ˈti:neɪʤə] — подросток в возрасте от 13 до
19 лет
summit [ˈsʌmɪt] — совещание на высшем уровне
teeth [ti:θ] — зубы
sun [sʌn] — солнце
telegram [ˈteləɡræm] — телеграмма
sunlight [ˈsʌnlaɪt] — солнечный свет
telegraph [ˈtelɪɡrɑ:f] — телеграф
sunny [ˈsʌni] — солнечный
telephone [ˈtelɪfəʊn] — телефон
sunshine [ˈsʌnʃaɪn] — яркий солнечный свет
television [ˈtelɪˌvɪʒən] — телевидение
superlative [su:ˈpɜ:lətɪv] — превосходная (о степени
tell [tel] (told, told) — рассказывать; сказать (кому-
прилагательных)
то что-то)
supermarket [ˈsu:pəˌmɑ:kɪt] — универсальный мага- temperature [ˈtempərəʧə] — температура
зин (универсам) ten [ten] — десять
superstition [ˌsu:pəˈstɪʃən] — суеверие tennis [ˈtenɪs] — теннис
support [səˈpɔ:t] — поддержка; поддерживать tense [tens] — время (грамматическое)
sure [ʃʊə] — уверенный term [tɜ:m] — семестр (учебный), четверть (учебная)
surfboard [ˈsɜ:fbɔ:d] — доска для серфинга terrible [ˈterəbl] — ужасный
surfing [ˈsɜ:fɪŋ] — серфинг test [test] — тест
surprise [səˈpraɪz] — удивление text [tekst] — текст
to be surprised — удивляться textbook [ˈtekstbʊk] — учебник
suspend [səˈspend] — временно отстранять thank [θæŋk] — благодарить
suspension [səˈspenʃən] — временное исключение than [ðæn] — чем
Swedish [ˈswi:dɪʃ] — шведский; шведский язык that [ðæt] — что, тот, та, который
sweet [swi:t] — конфета; сладкий the [ðə/ðɪ] — определенный артикль
swim [swɪm] (swam, swum) — плавать theatre [ˈθɪətə] — театр
swimmer [ˈswɪmə] — пловец their [ðeə] — их (чей?)
swimming pool [ˈswɪmɪŋ pu:l] — бассейн them [ðem] — им, их (кого?)
switch [swɪʧ] — переключение; переключать(ся) themselves [ðəmˈselvz] — (они) сами, себя
switch on — включать (свет, радио) then [ðen] — потом, затем
switch off — выключать there [ðeə] — там, туда
syllable [ˈsɪləbl] — слог these [ði:z] — эти
synonym [ˈsɪnənɪm] — синоним they [ðeɪ] — они
symbol [ˈsɪmbəl] — символ thick [θɪk] — толстый, густой
system [ˈsɪstɪm] — система thin [θɪn] — тонкий, жидкий
thing [θɪŋ] — вещь
think [θɪŋk] (thought, thought) — думать
third [θɜ:d] — третий
table [ˈteɪbəl] — стол thirsty [ˈθɜ:sti] — испытывающий жажду
tackle [ˈtækl] — справляться (с проблемами) to be thirsty — хотеть пить

157
Appendix 8 Vocabulary
thirty [ˈθɜ:ti] — тридцать
this [ðɪs] — это, этот, эта
those [ðəʊz] — те
though [ðəʊ] — хотя, несмотря на
thought [θɔ:t] — мысль
thousand [ˈθaʊzənd] — тысяча
three [θri:] — три
throat [θrəʊt] — горло
through [θru:] — через, сквозь
throw [θrəʊ] (threw, thrown) — бросать
Thursday [ˈθɜ:zdi] — четверг
tick [tɪk] — отмечать галочкой
ticket [ˈtɪkɪt] — билет
till [tɪl] — до, до тех пор пока
time [taɪm] — время, раз
in time — вовремя
on time — вовремя (как предполагалось)
how many times — сколько раз
timetable [ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl] — расписание
tiny [ˈtaɪni] — крошечный
tired [ˈtaɪəd] — усталый
to be tired of — устать от
title [ˈtaɪtl] — заглавие
to [tu:], [tə] — к, в, на (предлог на вопрос
куда?); частица глагола в неопределенной
форме
tobacco [təˈbækəʊ] — табак
today [təˈdeɪ] — сегодня
together [təˈɡeðə] — вместе
toilet [ˈtɔɪlɪt] — туалет
tolerant [ˈtɒlərənt] — терпимый
tomato [təˈmɒ:təʊ] — помидор
tomorrow [təˈmɒrəʊ] — завтра
tongue [tʌŋ] — язык
tonight [təˈnaɪt] — сегодня вечером
too [tu:] — тоже, также, слишком, очень
tooth [tu:θ] — зуб
toothache [ˈtu:θeɪk] — зубная боль
toothpaste [ˈtu:θpeɪst] — зубная паста
top [tɒp] — верх
topic [ˈtɒpɪk] — тема, предмет обсуждения
total [ˈtəʊtl] — всеобщий, полный
touch [tʌʧ] — дотрагиваться, касаться
tough [tʌf] — жесткий, упрямый
tour [tʊə] — путешествие, поездка
tourist [ˈtʊərɪst] — турист
towards [təˈwɔ:dz] — к, по направлению к
tower [ˈtaʊə] — башня
town [taʊn] — город
tradition [trəˈdɪʃən] — традиция
traditional [trəˈdɪʃənəl] — традиционный
traffic [ˈtræfɪk] — уличное движение
train [treɪn] — поезд
train [treɪn] — обучать, тренировать
trait [treɪt] — черта характера
tram [træm] — трамвай
transcription [trænˈskrɪpʃən] — транскрипция
transform [trænsˈfɔ:m] — изменять, преобразовывать
translate [trænsˈleɪt] — переводить
translation [trænsˈleɪʃən] — перевод
translator [trænsˈleɪtə] — переводчик
158
transport [ˈtrænspɔ:t] — транспорт
travel [ˈtrævəl] — путешествие; путешествовать
travelling [ˈtrævəlɪŋ] — путешествие
treat [tri:t] — лечить
tree [tri:] — дерево
trick [trɪk] — хитрость, обман
trip [trɪp] — поездка, путешествие
trouble [ˈtrʌbl] — беда, беспокойство, неприятность;
беспокоить
troublemaker [ˈtrʌblˌmeɪkə] — человек, доставляю-
щий много неприятностей
true [tru:] — верный, правильный
trust [trʌst] — доверие; доверять, верить
truth [tru:θ] — правда, истина
try [traɪ] — пробовать, пытаться, стараться; приме-
рять (одежду)
tube [tju:b] — метрополитен (в Лондоне)
Tuesday [ˈtju:zdi] — вторник
Turkish [ˈtɜ:kɪʃ] — турецкий
turn [tɜ:n] — поворот, очередь; вертеть, поворачи-
вать
It’s your turn. — Ваша (твоя) очередь.
TV [ˌti:ˈvi:] — телевизор
twelve [twelv] — двенадцать
twenty [ˈtwenti] — двадцать
twice [twaɪs] — дважды
twins [twɪnz] — близнецы
two [tu:] — два
two-way [ˈtu:weɪ] — двусторонний; двумя способами
two-way ticket — билет туда и обратно
type [taɪp] — тип, образец; печатать на машинке
typical [ˈtɪpɪkəl] — типичный
umbrella [ʌmˈbrelə] — зонт
uncle [ˈʌŋkəl] — дядя
uncomfortable [ʌnˈkʌmfətəbl] — неудобный
uncountable [ʌnˈkaʊntəbl] — неисчисляемый
under [ˈʌndə] — под
underground [ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd] — метро
underline [ˌʌndəˈlaɪn] — подчеркивать
understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] (understood, understood) —
понимать
unforgettable [ˌʌnfəˈɡetəbəl] — незабываемый
unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔ:ʧənɪtli] — к несчастью; неудачно
unfriendly [ʌnˈfrendli] — недружелюбный, непривет-
ливый
unhappy [ʌnˈhæpi] — несчастливый, несчастный
uniform [ˈju:nɪfɔ:m] — форма
unimportant [ˌʌnɪmˈpɔ:tənt] — неважный, незначи-
тельный
uninteresting [ʌnˈɪntrɪstɪŋ] — неинтересный
unit [ˈju:nɪt] — единица, раздел учебника
unite [ju:ˈnaɪt] — соединять(ся), объединять(ся)
university [ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:sɪti] — университет
unkind [ʌnˈkaɪnd] — злой, недобрый
unless [ənˈles] — если не
unlike [ˌʌnˈlaɪk] — непохожий на
unlucky [ˌʌnˈlʌki] — несчастливый, неудачный
unpleasant [ʌnˈplezənt] — неприятный
 Appendix 8 Vocabulary

until [ʌnˈtɪl] — до watch [wɒʧ] — часы (карманные или ручные)

untitled [ʌnˈtaɪtld] — не имеющий заглавия water [ˈwɔ:tə] — вода; поливать
unusual [ʌnˈju:ʒuəl] — необычный, необыкновен- water polo [ˈwɔ:təˌpəʊləʊ] — водное поло (игра)
ный water skiing [ˈwɔ:təˌski:ɪŋ] — катание на водных
unusually [ʌnˈju:ʒuəli] — необычно лыжах
up [ʌp] — вверх, кверху wave [weɪv] — волна
upset [ʌpˈset] — нарушать, расстраивать(ся) way [weɪ] — путь, дорога; образ действия, способ
upside [ˈʌpsaɪd] — верхняя часть we [wi:] — мы
upside-down [ˌʌpsaɪdˈdaʊn] — вверх дном weak [wi:k] — слабый
upstairs [ˌʌpˈsteəz] — наверху, вверх по лестнице wealth [welθ] — богатство
us [ʌs] — нам, нас wear [weə] (wore, worn) — носить (одежду)
use [ju:z] — использовать, применять weather [ˈweðə] — погода
use [ju:s] — польза, употребление Wednesday [ˈwenzdi] — среда
useful [ˈju:sfəl] — полезный week [wi:k] — неделя
useless [ˈju:sləs] — бесполезный weekend [ˌwi:kˈend] — уикенд (время отдыха с пят-
user [ˈju:zə] — пользователь ницы или субботы до вечера воскресенья)
usual [ˈju:ʒuəl] — обыкновенный, обычный weekly [ˈwi:kli] — еженедельный
usually [ˈju:ʒuəli] — обычно weight [weɪt] — вес
welcome [ˈwelkəm] — приветствовать; добро пожа-
ловать
well [wel] — здоровый; хорошо
valuable [ˈvæljuəbəl] — ценный well-known [ˌwelˈnəʊn] — известный
value [ˈvælju:] — ценность, стоимость Welsh [welʃ] — валлийский; житель Уэльса
van [væn] — микроавтобус were [wɜ:] (Past Simple от to be; мн. ч.) — были
various [ˈveərɪəs] — различный west [west] — запад
vase [vɑ:z] — ваза wet [wet] — мокрый
vegetable [ˈveʤtəbəl] — овощ whale [weɪl] — кит
vehicle [ˈvi:ɪkəl] — транспорт what [wɒt] — что, какой, который
verb [vɜ:b] — глагол whatever [wɒtˈevə] — что бы ни; любой
very [ˈveri] — очень wheat [wi:t] — пшеница
via [ˈvaɪə] — через wheel [wi:l] — колесо
victory [ˈvɪktəri] — победа when [wen] — когда
video [ˈvɪdɪəʊ] — видео whenever [wenˈevə] — когда бы ни
village [ˈvɪlɪʤ] — деревня where [weə] — где, куда
violent [ˈvaɪələnt] — сильный, жестокий wherever [weərˈevə] — где бы ни; куда бы ни
visit [ˈvɪzɪt] — посещение, визит; посещать whether [ˈweðə] — ли
visitor [ˈvɪzɪtə] — посетитель which [wɪʧ] — который, какой (из)
vital [ˈvaɪtl] — жизненный, насущный while [waɪl] — пока, в то время как
vitamin [ˈvɪtəmɪn] — витамин white [waɪt] — белый
vocabulary [vəˈkæbjʊləri] — словарь, словарный who [hu:] — кто, который
запас whoever [hu:ˈevə] — кто бы ни
voice [vɔɪs] — голос whole [həʊl] — весь, целый
volleyball [ˈvɒlɪbɔ:l] — волейбол whom [hu:m] — кого, кому, которого
whose [hu:z] — чей
why [waɪ] — почему
wide [waɪd] — широкий
wait [weɪt] (for smb) — ждать (кого-либо) will [wɪl] — вспомогательный глагол буд. времени
walk [wɔ:k] — прогулка; гулять, ходить пешком 1 л. ед. и мн. ч.
wall [wɔ:l] — стена win [wɪn] (won, won) — выигрывать
want [wɒnt] — хотеть, желать wind [wɪnd] — ветер
war [wɔ:] — война window [ˈwɪndəʊ] — окно
warm [wɔ:m] — теплый; тепло windsurfing [ˈwɪndˌsɜ:fɪŋ] — виндсерфинг
warn [wɔ:n] — предостерегать, предупреждать windy [ˈwɪndi] — ветрено
warning [ˈwɔ:niŋ] — предостережение, предупрежде- wine [waɪn] — вино
ние winner [ˈwɪnə] — победитель
was [wɒz] (Past Simple от to be; ед. ч.) — был, была, winter [ˈwɪntə] — зима
было wise [waɪz] — мудрый
wash [wɒʃ] — мыть, мыться, умываться, стирать wish [wɪʃ] — желание; желать
wash up — мыть посуду witch [wɪʧ] — ведьма, колдунья
waste [weɪst] — потеря with [wɪð] — с
watch [wɒʧ] — смотреть, наблюдать, следить within [wɪˈðɪn] — внутри, на протяжении

159
Appendix 8 Vocabulary

without [wɪˈðaʊt] — без writer [ˈraɪtə] — писатель

woman [ˈwʊmən] (pl women) [ˈwɪmɪn] — женщина wrong [rɒŋ] — неверный; неверно
wonder [ˈwʌndə] — чудо; удивляться, хотеть знать
wonderful [ˈwʌndəfʊl] — чудесный
wood [wʊd] — небольшой лес, роща
word [wɜ:d] — слово
work [wɜ:k] — работа; работать year [jɪə, jɜ:] — год
world [wɜ:ld] — мир; мировой, всемирный yellow [ˈjeləʊ] — желтый
all over the world — во всем мире yes [jes] — да
worry [ˈwʌri] — беспокоиться yesterday [ˈjestədi] — вчера
worse [wɜ:s] (см. bad) — хуже yet [jet] — еще, еще не, все еще, уже
worst [wɜ:st] (cм. bad) — наихудший you [ju:] — ты, вы; тебе, вам, тебя, вас
worth [wɜ:θ] — сто́ящий
young [jʌŋ] — молодой
to be worth doing smth — стоит что-либо сде-
лать your [jɔ:] — твой, ваш
would [wʊd] — вспомогательный глагол yourself [jɔ:ˈself] — (ты) сам
wrestling [ˈreslɪŋ] — борьба yourselves [jɔ:ˈselvz] — (вы) сами
write [raɪt] (wrote, written) — писать youth [ju:θ] — юность, юноша, молодежь

FOTODOM с. 18 (3), с. 19 (1), с. 48 (1), с. 74 (2), с. 76 (1), с. 99 (1), с. 114 (1), с. 115
РИА Новости с. 18 (2), с. 115 (1), с. 116 (1), 118 (1), с. 119 (1), 122 (1)