Bahan Kuliah TK4102

PERANCANGAN PROSES KIMIA

Chemical Process Design

g & Integration:
g
Heat Exchanger Networks I – Energy Targets
 Temperature Profile
 Composite Curve
 Pinch
 Grid Diagram
 The Problem Table Algorithm

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After reaction, separation, and recycle systems is done, now its

time go for the next step in onion diagram, which is heat system.
Heat system included:
 Choosing heat transfer equipment
 Determine energy target and integrating heat transfer
equipment
 Heat exchanger network optimization
 Determine capital and total cost

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Temperature Profile

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Temperature Cross

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Composite Curves
Two-stream heat recovery problem
Stream Type Supply Target ΔH CP, MW/oC
Temperature Temperature (MW)
Ts (oC) TT (oC)
1 Cold 40 110 14 0.2
2 Hot 160 40 -12 0.1

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Two hot streams and two cold streams problems:

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Stream Type Supply Target ΔH CP, MW/oC

Temperature Temperature (MW)
Ts (oC) TT (oC)
Reactor 1 Cold 20 180 32.0 0.2
Feed
Reactor 1 Hot 250 40 -31.5 0.15
Product
Reactor 2 Cold 140 230 27.0 0.30
Feed
Reactor
R t 2 H t
Hot 200 80 -30.0
30 0 0 25
0.25
Product

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ΔT Minimum
High ΔT minimum,
 small heat transfer area,, low capital
p cost.
 High external energy requirement, high operating cost

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Heat Recovery Pinch

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Some rules:
 Do not transfer heat across the pinch
 It is inappropriate to use hot utilities
to heat the cold streams below the
pinch
 It is also inappropriate to use cold
utilities to cool the hot streams
above the pinch

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Grid Diagram
Stream Type Ts (oC) TT (oC) ΔH CP, MW/oC
(MW)
1 Cold 20 180 32.0 0.2
2 H t
Hot 250 40 -31.5
31 5 0 15
0.15
3 Cold 140 230 27.0 0.30
4 Hot 200 80 -30.0 0.25

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Threshold Problems
 Only cold utilities required

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 Only hot utility required

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Consequences:
O
Optimum
i cost can occurs
above ΔT minimum

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The Problem Table Algorithm

 Composite curves is based on a graphical construction, so its not
very convenient. This algorithm provides the same function without
the necessity of graphical construction.
 The
Th algorithm
l ith are:
1. Set up shifted temperature intervals from the stream supply and target
temperatures by subtracting ΔTmin/2 from the hot streams and adding ΔTmin/2 to
the cold streams

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2. Arrange the shifted temperatures so that the highest temperature is

at the top. Then put all the energy streams between the shifted
temperatures
In each shifted temperature
p interval,, calculate a simple
p energy
gy
balance from:

ΔHi = heat balance for shifted temperature interval i

ΔTi = temperature difference across it

If the cold streams dominate the hot streams in a temperature

interval, then the interval has a net deficit of heat, and ΔH is negative

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3. Add all the “surplus”

heat from the high
temperature to the low
temperature.
Add heat from hot
utility to make all the
heat flow zero or
positive.

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Low-temperature distillation process:

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