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Today’s Topics on Creativity

ƒ Introduction
ƒ Creativity
– Nature
– Design Rules and Combinatorics
– Work of Vance and de Bono
ƒ TRIZ theory
– TRIZ, Value Engineering and the Semantic
Web tool
ƒ Radiant Thinking, Mind Mapping tool
ƒ Appendix: Technological change: from its
creation to economic growth and societal
welfare
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Mind Map Philosophy:
“The chisel was unleashing the
beauty and image/figure within the
marble bursting to be revealed.”
Michael Angelo

– Let your creative energy radiate from both sides of


your brain, from the kernel of your Mind Map
– Applied Radiant Thinking

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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What is a Mind Map (1 of 2)?
ƒ A Mind Map is a powerful graphic technique
which harnesses the full range of cortical
skills in a single, powerful manner
– word,
– image,
– number,
Mind Map
– logic,
Brings it all
– rhythm, together!
– color
– spatial awareness
It gives you the freedom to roam the expanses of your brain.
The Mind Map can be applied to every aspect of life where
improved learning and clearer thinking enhances human
performance.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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What is a Mind Map (2 of 2)?
ƒ Originated in the late 1960s by Tony Buzan
ƒ Similarly to a road map, a Mind Map:
– Provides an overview of a large subject/area.
– Enables you to plan routes/make choices and lets you
know where you are going and where you have been.
– Allows you to Gather and Represent large amounts of
data.
– Encourages problem solving by showing you new
pathways.
– Is Attractive, easy to read, muse over and remember.
Bottom Line:
– Let you see the whole picture and the details at the
same time.
– It is a tool, not a solution!
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Creative Thinking and MindMaps
A Mind Map Enables One:

ƒ To clear the mind of paradigms, thus providing


space for new creative thought
ƒ To capture and develop “flashes” of insight when
they occur
ƒ To explore all the creative possibilities of a given
subject
ƒ To encourage more consistent creative thinking
ƒ To create new conceptual frameworks within
which previous ideas can be reorganized
ƒ To plan creatively
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Why Mind Map?
ƒ Disadvantages of traditional linear notes:
ƒ Energy and time wasted writing down
superfluous words.
ƒ Other information may be missed while
noting down one idea.
ƒ Take longer to read and review.
ƒ Associations and connections between key
words and ideas not readily apparent.
– Attention wanders easily.
– Lack of color and other visual qualities handicap
memory.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Mind Map - Basics
ƒ Mind maps work the way the brain works
– Not in nice neat lines.
ƒ Memory is naturally associative, not linear.
– Any idea probably has thousands of links in your mind.
Mind maps allow associations and links to be recorded
and reinforced.
ƒ The mind remembers key words and images,
not sentences
– Try recalling just one sentence from memory! Mind
maps use just key words and key images, allowing more
information to be put on a page.
ƒ Mind maps are more visual and depict
associations between key words, they are
much easier to recall than linear notes.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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How To Do it……
ƒ Starting from the center of the page (rather than
top-left corner) your thoughts radiate “out” from a
central theme in all directions.
ƒ “Main Points” flow out from central theme
– Restrict words to few, key phrases
– Each new idea should have a unique color or symbol
ƒ Subordinate ideas “branch out” from main
branches
– Change of fonts to key brain
– Same color as main branch
ƒ Use images wherever practical
– Mental triggers
ƒ Link and associate ideas
– Draw arrow, comments, etc to show linkages
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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How To Do it……

Image removed due to copyright restrictions.


Diagram of the mind mapping process.

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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The Mind Map Creative Thinking Mechanism
ƒ Associate new and unique ideas with pre-existing ones
ƒ Use different colors in creative thinking
ƒ Use different shapes in creative thinking
ƒ Combine unusual elements
ƒ Magnify and use dimension
ƒ Adjust conceptual position
ƒ Rearrange and link pre-existing concepts
ƒ Respond to an aesthetically pleasing object
ƒ Respond to and emotionally pleasing object
ƒ Respond to an object which appeals to the senses of
sight, touch, hearing, smell and taste
ƒ Uses interchangeable shapes and codes1
The Mind Map Book, T. Buzan, Penguin, 1996.

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Examples of Mind Mapping
Counter Littoral Threat Weapon
Functional Decomposition

Destroying Threat Deactivating


Threat
Propulsing Guiding System Energizing Detonating
Controlling

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Counter Littoral Threat Weapon
Functional Decomposition

Destroying Threat Deactivate


Threat
Propulsing Guiding System Energizing Explosive
Controlling
Propulsion Generator of Guidance Fuel Detonating
System Thrust System Hardware Software

Active target Depth Weapon steering Control


feedback system sensor system

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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System Architecting of a
Need
Counter Littoral Threat
Defined Weapon

Problem
Defined

Intent
Specification

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Schematic of torpedo, highlighting different subsystems,
removed due to copyright restrictions.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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From System Architecting to Torpedo Product

Schematic of torpedo, highlighting different


subsystems, removed due to copyright
restrictions.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Progression of Principles Development
as Applied Radiant Thinking
1. Collect data
2. Make observation(s) from the data based
on analysis
3. Empirically verify observations
4. Describe observation(s)
5. Develop Descriptive principle
6. Develop Prescriptive principle
7. Develop Normative principle
8. If universally true, then make a Law
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Synthesized Principles from
Snippets of Observations

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Literature Search Map Stiny, Emdanat, Vakalo; Generative systems in design
Languages and semantics
of grammatical discrete
structures, 1999
Thomas H. Speller Performance-based structural synthesis
September 20, 2004 Shea Adjustable Tensegrity Structures
A Study of Two Stochastic Search Methods
Shape grammar for structural control
eifform Bentley

Cagan
Terry Knight Transformations in Design, 1994
Programmable Self constructing
global shape using biologically-inspired local interactions and origami mathematics, Nagpal
Whitney
textbook
Modeling and controlling variation Whitney Hajela & Kim, Energy min for CA Uses GA for creating the CA rule,
propagation in mechanical assemblies Mantripragada Structural Efficiency based analysis in elasticity, 2001 Cantilever & plate experiments, 1999
using state transition models Assembly Theory
Decomposition assembly
synthesis for in-process Lee Saitou Genetic algorithms in search,
dimensional adjustability, 2002 David Goldberg
optimization, and machine learning, 1989.
Universal spaces: a basis for studies
in adaptation Automata Theory 1966.
John Holland
Design Automation Studies of the spontaneous emergence
of self-replicating systems using
cellular automata and formal grammars
Automata, Languages, Development, 1976.
Highly Optimized Tolerance, Complexity and robustness, Deb, Gulani; Optimal Truss-structure design
Carlson & Doyle, 1999 Carlson & Doyle, 2002 Trusses using real-coded genetic algorithms
GA
Optimal Truss-Structure Design Optimization Creative evolutionary systems
Bentley Exploring component-based representations
using Real-Coded Genetic Algorithms,
Deb, Gulati, Chakrabarti, 1999 Bridge Funes-Pollack Three ways to grow designs: ...
Hornby, Generative representations for Hornby, Lipson, Pollack; Generative Representations Hornby dissertation, Generative representations
evolutionary design for the automated design of modular physical robots for evolutionary design automation

The Mathematical Theory Compact unstructured representations for evolu


of Communication, 1963 Claude Shannon Information Theory tionary design, Hamda (Topological optimum design)
Acceleration of CA algorithms
using genetic algorithms, Karafyllidis
Ullman, The Mechanical The father of self-reproducing
cellular automata
Design Process, 2003 Engineering Design An interdisciplinary subject
Pahl & Beitz, Engineering design
Literature John von Neumann
lying in the intermediate area
between logic, communication Alan Turing, On computable numbers,
Theory of self-reproducing automata, 1948
Tree theory and physiology," P. 204,
Papers of JvN on computing and
with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, 1936
Modularity in Evolution, 2004 Lee Altenberg computer theory, 1986
Modularity in Technology and Organizations, 2000 Langois Stanislaw Ulam A Collection of Mathematical Problems, 1950
Networks, Dynamics, and Modularity, 2004 Lipson Artificial Life The New Kind of Science, 2002
Robotics Statistical mechanics of Cellular Automata,
Attended ALife IX Conference, 9-12 to 15-04 Artificial Intelligence Stephan Wolfram Rev. Mod. Phy. 55,1983, pp. 601-644.
Cellular automata and complexity:
Richard Feynman and
cellular vacuum, pp. 122-129. Marvin Minsky collected papers
Alan Turing The chemical basis of Morphogenesis, 1952
Numerical Control
Numerical Control Self-generative New Constructions
for Machine Tools, Barron, 1971 John Conway The game of life
in Cellular Automata, Santa Fe Institute, 2003
Hajela, Energy min for CA
based analysis in elasticity
Cellular Automaton Kita and Toyota, Structural Design
CA using CA
Definitions and etymology Hajela and Kim, GA based learning in CA
Morphogenic Evolutionary Design:
Cellular Automata Representations in for structural design
Kicinger,
Arciszewski, K. De Jong Topological Structural Design Kita and Toyota, Structural Optimization using Local Rules
Origin of Species, 1859 Charles Darwin Engineering
Structural Design using CA for eigenvalue problems
Applications
Evolution and the Murawski, Arciszewski and K. De Jong, Evolutionary
Diversity of Life, 1976
Ernst Mayr
Evolution Theory computation in Structural design
The Evolutionary Synthesis, 1980 Jakiela, Continuum structural topology design with genetic algorithms
What Evolution Is, 2001 Evolutionary Computation in Structural Design
Physics Rothman & Zaleski Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata, 1997
Applications Toffoli & Margolus Cellular Automata Machines, 1988
Mathematica Biological Andrew Adamatzky, Computing
Applications in nonlinear media and automata collectives,2001
Cellular Automata,
@ Speller 2004 Andrew Ilachinski a discrete universe, 2001
von Bertalanffy
Zuse, 1969
Structural design using CA,
CA for design of two-dimensional continuum structures, Tatting, Gurdal Slotta, Tatting, Gurdal

D'Arcy Thompson On Growth and Form, 1917


Richard Feynman Feynman and Computation, 1999
Cybernetics Control theory Chirlian, Basic Network Theory Kirkoff Laws
Norbert Wiener The Mathematical Formulation of the Problem of Conduction of
Impulses in a Network of Connected Excitable Elements, Specifically in Cardiac Muscle, 1946
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts InstituteModularity
of Technology
Robustness & specialization
Highly optimized tolerance
Lipson, Pollack, Suh; Origin of modular variation 20
Application #1 – Reading Notes
ƒ Recording Short Statements while reading
an article or book is relatively Quick, and
provides a platform for memory retention, as
well as future output.
ƒ Example:
– Product Design and Development – Customer
Needs Identification
ƒ Use Mindmap to summarize key points of chapter.
ƒ Use Mindmap to display key points in Document
Outline Form (conversion to Word)

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Examples/ Points
Chapter Sections
Product Design and Development, Chapter 4

Application #1 – Book Notes


© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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The Mind Map is very Concise:
If we convert the map to MSWord,
PowerPoint or MS Project Format,
we automatically get a “pretty good”
outline of our thought process …..

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Slides and Notes are Automatic

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Example 2 – Summarize Concepts

Image removed due to copyright restrictions.

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Taking “Live” Notes
ƒ Mind Map is both quicker, and more efficient
than hand notes for most lectures
ƒ Mind Map is NOT necessarily good for
Technical Lectures??????

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Mind Map References
ƒ Software
– http://www.mindmapper.com
– http://www.conceptdraw.com
– http://www.mindmanager.com
– http://www.mindjet.com/us/
– http://www.torcomp.com/mindmapper/
– http://freemind.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Pag
e Freeware

– Books
The Mind Map Book, T. Buzan, Penguin, 1996.

© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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