ENGLISH EXERCISES 2 From Recorded Lessons On Tapes of SLL of George Town University

Lesson 1 English Sentence Structure
General notes about the course:
1) Listen to the examples carefully, 2) Continue the practice of each exercise.
Summary of Grammar :
Verb be: am, are, is. Examples: / It is green. / Is it green? / It’s green. / It isn’t green. / Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. /
Statements: The book is green.; John is happy. /Questions : Is the book green? ; Is John happy?/
Contractions: I’m… ; You’re…..; He’s…. ; She’s… ; It’s..; We’re… ; You’re.. ; They’re… ; John’s….. ; Mary’s …;
Short answers: Yes, I am.; Yes, he is. ; Yes, they are.; // No, I’m not.; No, you aren’t. ; No, he isn’t.; ……….
Singular : I’m a student.; He’s an architect.; ….. /// Plural : You’re students. ; They’re architects. ; ………
Exercise 1. Substitute adjectives (green, old, new, etc.) in the proper position.
Teacher’s adjectives:…………New statements :

Listen to the examples:
green ……………………………….. The book is green.
old ……………………………………. The book is old.
new………………………… ……….. The book is new. Examples.. Now you try, continue the practice:
1) small ……………………………… The book is small.
2) large…………………………….. The book is large.
3) open……………………………. The book is open.
4) closed ………………………… The book is closed.
5) blue …………………………… The book is blue.
6) new …………………………. The book is new.
Exercise 2 . Substitute noun phrases in the proper position in statements.
Teacher’s noun phrases : New statements :

Listen to the following examples:
the pencil …………………… The pencil is new.
the watch ……………….. …. The watch is new. Examples . Now, you try, continue the practice:
1) the table ………………….. The table is new.
2) the chair ………………….. The chair is new.
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3) the book ………………….. The book is new.
4) the comb………………….. The comb is new.
5) the key …………………….. The key is new.
6) the pen…………………….. The pen is new.
Exercise 3. Substitute adjectives (green, old, new, etc.) in the proper position (at the end) in questions.
Teacher’s adjectives : New statements :

green …………………………………….. Is the book green ?
old ………………………………………….. Is the book old ?
new…………………………………………. Is the book new? Examples. Now, you try, continue the practice:
1) small …………………………………… … Is the book small ?
2) large ……………………………………….. Is the book large ?
3) open ………………………………………. Is the book open?
4) closed ……………………………………… Is the book closed ?
5) blue ………………………………………… Is the book blue ?
6) new ………………………………………… Is the book new ?
Exercise 4. Substitute noun phrases in the proper position in questions.
Teacher’s noun phrases : Questions with - noun phrases :

the pencil ……………………………….. Is the pencil new ?
the watch ………………………………… Is the watch new ? Examples. Now you try, continue the practice:
1) the table …………………………………… Is the table new?
2) the chair …………………………………… Is the chair new ?
3) the book …………………………………… Is the book new ?
4) the comb ………………………………….. Is the comb new ?
5) the key …………………………………….. Is the key new ?
6) the pen …………………………………….. Is the pen new ?
Exercise 5. Change the teacher’s statement into a question.
Teacher’s statements : Questions: ………..

The book is new………………………….. Is the book new ?

The table is heavy ………………………… Is the table heavy ? . Examples. Continue the practice:
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1) The pencil is red. …………………………. Is the pencil red ?
2) The book is green. ……………………………. Is the book green?
3) The chair is new. ……………………………… Is the chair new?
4)The book is open. …………………………….. Is the book open?
5) The door is closed. …………………………… Is the door closed?
6) The chair is heavy. …………………………… Is the chair heavy?
7) The table is large. …………………………….. Is the table large?
8) The key is small. ………………………………. Is the key small?
9) The comb is black. …………………………… Is the comb black?
10) The book is old. ……………………………….. Is the book old?
11) The student is busy. …………………………. Is the student busy?
12) The exercise is easy. ……………………….. Is the exercise easy?
Exercise 6.Change the teacher’s statement into a question.Substitute a pronoun for the the teacher’s noun
phrase.
Teacher’s statements : Questions……….. : Listen to the examples :
The book is new. …………………………………… Is it new?
John is happy. ……………………………………… Is he happy?
The students are busy. …………………………. Are they busy ? Examples. Continue the practice :
1) The book is open. ………………………………… Is it open ?
2) Mary is tired. ………………………………………. Is she tired?
3) The pencils are red. ……………………………… Are they red ?
4) John and Mary are busy. ……………………… Are they busy ?
5) The window is open . …………………………. Is it open ?
6) The table is heavy. ………………………………. Is it heavy ?
7) The pencil is long. ………………………………. Is it long ?
8) The pencils are long. ……………………………. Are they long ?
9) Mary is happy. ………………………………….. Is she happy ?
10) John is busy . ……………………………………. Is he busy ?
11) The dog is hungry. ……………………………. Is it hungry ?
12) The dogs are hungry. ……………………….. Are they hungry?
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Exercise 7. Practice the contractions which are made with verb be .Make substitutions in the proper places.
Contractions : New statements :

Listen to the examples :
I’m …………………………………………………… I’m hungry .
Mary’s ………………………………………………. Mary’s hungry.
She’s …………………………………………………. She’s hungry.
You’re ………………………………………………. You’re hungry. Examples. Continue the practice.
1) they’re ……………………………………………… They’re hungry.
2) John’s ………………………………………………. John’s hungry.
3) He’s …………………………………………………. He’s hungry.
4) I’m ………………………………………………….. I’m hungry.
5) You’re ……………………………………………… You’re hungry.
6) We’re ………………………………………………. We’re hungry.
(continue with the following pronoun forms):
7) We …………………………………………………… We’re hungry.
8) I ………………………………………………………. I’m hungry.
9) He ………………………………………………………. He’s hungry.
10) She …………………………………………………….. She’s hungry.
11) You ……………………………………………………. You’re hungry.
12) the teacher ……………………………………….. The teacher’s hungry.
Exercise 8. Substitute the words in the proper position.
Teacher’s words …………………………………. New statements :

John is hungry.
cold ………………………………………………….. John is cold.
a student ……………………………………………. John is a student.
in class ……………………………………………….. John is in class.
John and Mary ………………………………….. John and Mary are in class. Examples. Continue the practice:
1) tired …………………………………………………. John and Mary are tired.

2) cold …………………………………………………… John and Mary are cold.
3) hungry ………………………………………………… John and Mary are hungry.
4) from California ……………………………………. John and Mary are from California.
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5) from San Francisco ………………………………. John and Mary are from San Francisco.
6) John ……………………………………………………. John is from San Francisco.
7) happy …………………………………………………. John is happy.
8) in class …………………………………………………. John is in class.
9) a student ……………………………………………. John is a student.
10) in the United States …………………………… John is in the United States.
11) I ……………………………………………………….. I am in the United States.
12) right …………………………………………………. I am right.
13) busy ………………………………………………….. I am busy.
14) a doctor ……………………………………………. I am a doctor.
15) thirsty …………………………………………….. I am thirsty.
16) you ……………………………………………………. You are thirsty.
17) tired ……………………………………………………. You are tired.
18) Mary ………………………………………………….. Mary is tired.
19) sleepy …………………………………………………. Mary is sleepy.
20) hungry ………………………………………………… Mary is hungry.
21) twenty years old ………………………………… Mary is twenty years old.
Exercise 9. Practice the use of “be” in questions. Substitute the words in the proper position.
Teacher’s words .................................. : New statements :

Is John hungry?
cold …………………………………………………….. Is John cold ?
a student ………………………………………………. Is John a student ?
in class ………………………………………………… Is John in class ? Examples. Continue the practice:
1) John and Mary …………………………………….. Are John and Mary in class ?

2) tired ……………………………………………………. Are John and Mary tired ?
3) cold ……………………………………………………. Are John and Mary cold ?
4) hungry …………………………………………………. Are John and Mary hungry ?
5) from California …………………………………….. Are John and Mary from California?
6) from San Francisco ………………………………. Are John and Mary from San Francisco?
7) John ……………………………………………………… Is John from San Francisco?
8) happy ……………………………………………………. Is John happy?
9) in class …………………………………………………. Is John in class?
10) a student …………………………………………….. Is John a student?
11) in the United States ………………………………. Is John in the United States?
12) I …………………………………………………………… Am I in the United States?
13) right ……………………………………………………. Am I right?
14) busy …………………………………………………….. Am I busy?
15) a doctor ………………………………………………... Am I a doctor?
16) thirsty …………………………………………………… Am I thirsty?
17) you ……………………………………………………….. Are you thirsty?
18) tired …………………………………………………….. Are you tired?
19) Mary …………………………………………………….. Is Mary tired?
20) sleepy …………………………………………………… Is Mary sleepy?
21) hungry …………………………………………………. Is Mary hungry?
22) twenty years old …………………………………. Is Mary twenty years old?
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Exercise 10 . Practice the use of short answers. Answer the teacher’s question with an affirmative short
answer.
Teacher’s questions : Short answers …:

Is the book green? ……………………………………. Yes, it is .
Is Mary a student? ……………………………………. Yes, she is .
Is she busy ? ……………………………………………… Yes, she is. Examples. Continue the practice:
1) Are the pencils red? …………………………………. Yes, they are.

2) Is Mr. Miller tired? …………………………………… Yes, he is.
3) Is Mr. Allen a lawyer? ………………………………. Yes, he is.
4) Is Mr. Allen a teacher? …………………………….. Yes, he is.
5) Is Mary twenty years old? …………………………. Yes, she is.
6) Is Mary from Mexico? ……………………………… Yes, she is.
7) Are John and Mary hungry? ………………………. Yes, they are.
8) Is Mary sleepy? ……………………………………….. Yes, she is.
9) Is the book open? …………………………………… Yes, it is.
10) Is Mr. Miller in the room? ………………………… Yes, he is.
11) Is the teacher busy? ………………………………… Yes, he is.
12) Are the students busy? ……………………………. Yes, they are.
Exercise 11. Practice the negative short answers.
Teacher’s questions : Negative short answers…:

Is Mary a doctor? ……………………………………. No, she isn’t.
Is she a lawyer? ……………………………………… No, she isn’t.
Are the books black ? ……………………………… No, they aren’t. Examples. Continue the practice:
1) Is the key large? ………………………………………. No, it isn’t.

2) Is the key green? …………………………………….. No, it isn’t.
3) Is the teacher from England? ………………….. No, he isn’t.
4) Is the teacher a lawyer? …………………………… No, he isn’t.
5) Is the table red? …………………………………….. No, it isn’t.
6) Are the pencils heavy? …………………………….. No, they aren’t.
7) Is Mary a teacher? …………………………………. No, she isn’t.
8) Is John hungry? …………………………………. No, he isn’t.
9) Is John ten years old? ………………………….. No, he isn’t.
10) Are John and Mary from England? ………….. No, they aren’t.
11) Is the comb heavy? ……………………………….. No, it isn’t.
12) Is the comb red? ……………………………………. No, it isn’t.
Exercise 12. Practice both affirmative and negative short answers. Answer the teacher’s questions

(individually). Give a true answer. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s questions : Short answers :
Are you a student? ……………………………………………................. Yes, I am.
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Are you from the United States? ………………………………………….. No, I’m not.
Is the book blue? ………………………………………………………….. No, it isn’t. Examples. Continue the practice:
1) Are you from England? …………………………………………………………. No, I’m not.

2) Is the book twenty-nine years old? ……………………………………….. No, it isn’t.
3) Are you hungry? …………………………………………………………………. Yes, I am.
4) Am I from England? …………………………………………………………….. No, you’re not.
5) Are you a doctor? ………………………………………………………………. No, I’m not.
6) Is the door open? ……………………………………………………………….. Yes, it is.
7) Are you from Japan? …………………………………………………………… No, I’m not.
8) Are the students in the room? ……………………………………………. Yes, they are.
9) Are they busy? ………………………………………………………………….. Yes, they are.
10) Is the book new ? ……………………………………………………………….. No, it isn’t.
11) Are you a teacher? …………………………………………………………….. Yes, I am.
12) Is the table heavy? ……………………………………………………………… Yes, it is.
13) Is the watch heavy? ……………………………………………………………… No, it isn’t.
14) Is the door closed? ………………………………………………………………… No, it isn’t.
15) Are you a lawyer? ……………………………………………………………….. No, I’m not.
16) Am I a teacher? ……………………………………………………………………. Yes, I am.
17) Is Mr.(A)= Lopez from New York ? ……………………………………….. No, he isn’t.
18) Is Mr.(B)= Gonzalez from Chicago ? ………………………………………. No, he isn’t.
19) Are Mr.(C)= Gómez and Mr.(D)= Birkner students ? …………… Yes, they are.
20) Are we in the United States? ……………………………………………….. No, we’re not.
Exercise 13. Answer the teacher’s questions. Be sure to use pronouns. Give true answers.
Teacher’s questions ……………………………………… : Answers : ………

Is the book red ? …………………………………………………. No, it isn’t. It’s green.
Am I a doctor? …………………………………………………… No, you aren’t. You’re a teacher.
Are you a teacher? ………………… No, I’m not. I’m a student. Examples. Continue the practice :
1) Are you from England? ……………………………………… No, I’m not. I’m from Colombia.
2) Are you from the United States? ………………………. No, I’m not. I’m from Colombia.
3) Are you a lawyer ? ……………………………………………. No, I’m not. I’m a Chemist.(or Environmental… )
4) Is Mr.(A)= Perry a teacher ? ………………………………. Yes, he is. He is a History teacher ( or…………? )
5) Is the comb red ? …………………………………………….. No, it isn’t. It’s black.
6) Is Miss (B)= Thatcher from England ? …………………… Yes, she is. She’s from London.
7) Is the table new? ………………………………………………. No, it isn’t. It’s old.
8) Is Mr. (C )= Brown a doctor? ………………………………. No, he isn’t. He’s a student.
9) Am I a businessman? …………………………………………… No, I’m not. I’m a teacher.
10) Is the pencil heavy? …………………………………………… No, it isn’t. It’s light.
11) Are the books blue? …………………………………………….. No, they aren’t. They’re green.
12) Are the books in Mexico? ……………………………………… No, they aren’t. They’re here in Colombia.
Exercise 14. Practice singular nouns with a and plural nouns without a . Substitute the teacher’s words
and change the rest of the statement if necessary .
Teacher’s words : New statements:……..

I’m a student.
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doctor ………………………………………………. I’m a doctor .
lawyer ………………………………………………. I’m a lawyer.
he …………………………………………………….. He’s a lawyer.
they …………………………………………………… They’re lawyers.
teachers ……………………………………………. They’re teachers.
Mary …………………………………………………. Mary’s a teacher. Examples. Continue the practice :
1) a student …………………………………………. Mary’s a student.

2) I …………………………………………………. I’m a student.
3) doctor ……………………………………………… I’m a doctor.
4) lawyer …………………………………………….. I’m a lawyer.
5) he ………………………………………………. He’s a lawyer.
6) they ……………………………………………….. They’re lawyers.
7) students …………………………………………… They’re students.
8) Mary ………………………………………………… Mary’s a student.
9) she ………………………………………………… She’s a student.
10) we …………………………………………………. We’re students.
11) he …………………………………………………. He’s a student.
12) you (singular)……………………………………. You’re a student.
13) I …………………………………………………. I’m a student.
14) they ………………………………………………… They’re students.
15) John ……………………………………………………. John’s a student.
16) I ……………………………………………………. I’m a student
Exercise 15.Change the teacher’s statements into plural. Make the necessary changes.
Teacher’s statement : New statements(plurals) :

The book is green. ………………………………………. The books are green.
The book is closed. ………………………………….. The books are closed.
The chair is old. ……………………………………… The chairs are old. Examples Continue the practice :
1) The book is new. ……………………………………… The books are new.

2) The student is busy. ………………………………….. The students are busy.
3) The window is open. …………………………………. The windows are open.
4) The comb is black. ……………………………………. The combs are black.
5) The pen is black. …………………………………….. The pens are black.
6) The student is hungry. ………………………………. The students are hungry.
7) The book is closed. ……………………………………. The books are closed.
8) The pen is new. ………………………………………….. The pens are new.
9) The student is tired. ………………………………….. The students are tired.
10) The chair is heavy. …………………………………….. The chairs are heavy.
11) The shoe is black. ……………………………………… The shoes are black.
12) The shirt is white. ……………………………………… The shirts are white.
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Exercise 16. This is a review exercise. Change the teacher’s statement into a question. Another
student will give a true answer.
Teacher’s statement : Questions……………………….: Short answers:

The book is green . ………………… St. A) Is the book green? / St. B) Yes, it is.
The students are hungry. ……... St. A) Are the students hungry? / St. B) Yes, they are.(or: No, they aren’t.)
You’re a doctor. ………A) Are you a doctor? / B) No, I’m not. I’m a student. Examples. Continue the practice:
1) The books are new. ………………. Are the books new ? ….. / Yes, they are.
2) You’re from England. …………….. Are you from England? …./ No, I’m not. I’m from Colombia.
3) The pencil is heavy. ………………. Is the pencil heavy ? …. / No, it isn’t. It’s light.
4) The students are busy. …………. Are the students busy? …/ Yes, they are.
5) You’re a businessman. ………. Are you a businessman? …../ No, I’m not. I’m a teacher.
6) The door is open. …………….. Is the door open ? …. /Yes it is.
7) The windows are open. …….. Are the windows open?... / Yes, they are.
8) The table is heavy. ……………. Is the table heavy? …. / No, it isn’t. It’s light.
9) The book is black. …………….. Is the book black? …./ No, it isn’t. It’s brown.
10) Mr. Gomez is from Mexico. .. Is Mr. Gomez from Mexico? …../ Yes, he is.
11) The comb is heavy. ……………. Is the comb heavy? …/ No, it isn’t. It’s light.
12) The teacher is busy. ……………. Is the teacher busy? …/ Yes, he is. He’s giving a math lecture.
13) You’re hungry. ………………….. Are you hungry? … / Yes, I’m . I’m very hungry.
14) The exercise is easy. …………. Is the exercise easy? …/ Yes, it is.
15) Miss Oyukat is from Japan. … Is Miss Oyukat from Japan? …/ Yes, she is.
16) Are Mr. Rodriguez and Mr. Perez in the room? … Yes, they are. They’re just next to me.
End of Structure Lesson 1.
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Lesson 2 .
Summary of grammar :
Simple present tense with verbs other than be.
Statements : He works.
Questions with do , does : Does he work? / Do they work?
Short answers : Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t./ Yes, I do / No, I don’t /
Single-word adverbs of frecuency : always, usually, often, etc.
Exercise 1. Practice the two forms of the following verbs by substituting as shown in the examples.
Verbs …………… : New statements:………………………………………………………..

reads …………. John reads in the morning, and we read in the afternoon.
writes ……….. John writes in the morning, and we write in the afternoon.
practices .. John practices in the morning and we practice in the afternoon. Examples. Continue..:
Verb forms ……….. : New statements : ……………………………..………………………:
1) reads ……………….. John reads in the morning, and we read in the afternoon.
2) sings ………………… John sings in the morning, and we sing in the afternoon.
3) studies ……………. John studies in the morning, and we studie in the afternoon.
4) works …………….. John works in the morning, and we work in the afternoon.
5) arrives ……………. John arrives in the morning, and we arrive in the afternoon.
6) leaves ……………. John leaves in the morning, and we leave in the afternoon.
7) practices ……….. John practices in the morning, and we practice in the afternoon.
8) writes ……………. John writes in the morning, and we write in the afternoon.
Exercise 2. Has is the third person singular form of have . Practice these two forms by substituting the
teacher’s words. Change the rest of the statement if necessary.
Teacher’s words ……….: New statements : …………………………………..………… Listen to the examples:
we ………………………………. We have coffee here in the morning.
John ……………………………… John has coffee here in the morning. Examples.
1) he ………………….. He has coffee here in the morning.

2) John and Mary .. John and Mary have coffee here in the morning.
3) they ……………….. They have coffee here in the morning.
4) Mr. Allen ……….. Mr. Allen has coffee here in the morning.
5) he …………………. He has coffee here in the morning.
6) Mary ………………. Mary has coffee here in the morning.
7) she …………………. She has coffee here in the morning.
8) the students ….. The students have coffee here in the afternoon.
9) they …………….. They have coffee here in the afternoon.
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10) Mr. Miller ……….. Mr. Miller has coffee here in the afternoon.
11) he …………………… He has coffee her in the afternoon.
12) you …………………. You have coffee here in the afternoon.
13) I ……………………… I have coffee here in the afternoon.
14) you and I ………… You and I have coffee here in the afternoon.
15) we ………………….. We have coffee here in the afternoon.
Exercise 3. Change the teacher’s statement into a question.
Teacher’s statements : …………………………………. Questions :……… ……………

John studies at night. …………………………………… Does John study at night?
Mary studies in the afternoon. ……………………… Does Mary studies in the afternoon?
Examples.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
1) John studies the lessons. …………………………. Does John study the lessons?
2) He understands the lessons. ………………….. Does he understand the lessons?
3) He has coffee at 11 o’clock. ……………………. Does he have coffee at 11 o’clock?
4) He has lunch at noon. ……………………………… Does he have lunch at noon?
5) Mary practices in the afternoon. …………….. Does Mary practice in the afternoon?
6) She eats supper at 6 o’clock. ………………….. Does she eat supper at 6 o’clock?
7) She writes letters at night. ……………………… Does she write letters at night?
8) Mr. Allen works in the afternoon. ……………. Does Mr. Allen work in the afternoon?
9) He reads at night. ……………………………………. Does he read at night?
10) John comes to class every morning. ………… Does John come to class every morning?
11) Mr. Miller comes here in the afternoon. …. Does Mr. Miller come here in the afternoon?
12) He leaves at night. …………………………………… Does he leave at night?
Exercise 4.Change the teacher’s statement into a question. Use do or does.
Teacher’s statement : ………………………………………

Questions : ………………………….. Listen to the examples:
John and Mary study English. …………………………. Do John and Mary study English?
John studies in the morning. …………………………… Does John study in the morning?
Mr. and Mrs. Allen teach Spanish. ……………………. Do Mr. and Mrs. Allen teach Spanish? Examples.
1) John and Mary have coffee at 10 o’clock. ….. Do John and Mary have coffee at 10 o’clock?
2) Mrs. Allen has coffee at 11 o’clock. ………….. Does Mrs. Allen have coffee at 11 o’clock?
3) The students understand English. …………….. Do the students understand English?
4) They practice every day. ………………………….. Do they practice every day?
5) John has a coke in the afternoon. ……………… Does John have a coke in the afternoon?
6) He studies at night. ………………………………….. Does he study at night?
7) The students study here. …………………………… Do the students study here?
8) They understand the lessons. ……………………. Do they understand the lessons?
9) John has a book . ……………………………………… Does John have a book?
10) John and Mary speak English. …………………… Do John and Mary speak English.
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Exercise 5. Change the teacher’s statement into a question.Use either : do, does or a form of be.
Substitute a pronoun for the subject noun phrase.
Teacher’s statement: ………………………………………….

Questions :……………………….. Listen to the examples:
John and Mary study here. ………………………………… Do they study here?
Mr. Allen reads at night. …………………………………… Does he read at night?
The book is open. ………………………………………………. Is it open? Examples.
1) John likes coffee. …………………………………………. Does he like coffee?

2) John and Bill practice in the morning. ……………. Do they practice in the morning?
3) Mr. Miller is from New York. ……………………….. Is he from New York?
4) The books are in the room. …………………………… Are they in the room?
5) Mary eats lunch at noon. ……………………………….. Does she eat lunch at noon?
6) Mr. Green is very hungry . …………………………….. Is he very hungry?
7) The teachers arrive in the morning. ………………. Do they arrive in the morning?
8) Mr. Allen and Mr. Miller leave in the afternoon. Do they leave in the afternoon?
9) Mary writes letters every week. …………………… Does she write letters every week?
10) The teachers have coffee in the afternoon. ……. Do the teachers have coffee in the afternoon?
11) John is a student. …………………………………………. Is he a student?
12) Mr. Taylor eats breakfast at 7 o’clock. …………… Does Mr. Taylor eat breakfast at 7 o’clock?
Exercise 6. Answer the teacher’s question with an affirmative short answer.
Teacher’s questions : ………………………………………………

Affirmative short answers: Listen-examples :
Does Mary study at night? ………………………………….. Yes, she does.
Do Mr. and Mrs. Allen drink tea? …………………………. Yes, they do. Examples.
1) Does Mr. Allen study in the morning? …………. Yes, he does.

2) Do John and Mary study in the afternoon? …… Yes, they do.
3) Do they have class in the morning? ……………….. Yes, they do.
4) Do they understand the lessons? …………………… Yes, they do.
5) Does Mary understand English? …………………….. Yes, she does.
6) Do the students understand it? …………………….. Yes, they do.
7) Does Mr. Miller sing well? …………………………….. Yes, he does.
8) Does Mr. Miller work? ………………………………….. Yes, he does.
9) Does John pronounce well? ……………………………. Yes, he does.
10) Does he practice at home? …………………………….. Yes, he does.
11) Do John and Mary study at night? ………………….. Yes, they do.
12) Do they write letters every week? ………………….. Yes, they do.
Exercise 7. Answer the teacher’s question with a negative short answer.
Teacher’s questions : ……………………………………………………… Negative short answers:…. Listen -examples :
Does John eat lunch here? ……………………………………………… No, he doesn’t.
Do classes begin at 6 A.M.? ……………………………………………. No, they don’t. Examples.
1) Does John have tea in the morning? ……… ………….. No, he doesn’t.
2) Do Mr. and Mrs. Miller have tea in the morning? … No, they don’t.
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3) Does Mary have class at noon? ………………………….. No, she doesn’t.
4) Does she eat lunch here? …………………………………… No, she doesn’t.
5) Does John have eggs and toast for breakfast? …….. No, he doesn’t.
6) Does he have a sandwich for lunch? …………………. No, he doesn’t.
7) Do classes begin at 6 A.M.? ………………………………… No, they don’t.
8) Do Mr. and Mrs. Miller study at noon? ………………. No, they don’t.
9) Does Mr. Miller arrive at 6 A.M.? ……………………… No, he doesn’t.
10) Do John and Mary leave at 4 P.M.? ……………………. No, they don’t.
Exercise 8. Practice the use of affirmative and negative answers. Answer the teacher’s question
individually. Give a true answer.
Teacher’s questions : …………………………………………….. Answers : …………

Is the book green? ………………………Yes : ………………. Yes, it is.
Do I understand English? …………… ..Yes : …………… Yes, you do.
Does the class begin at 7 A.M.? …….No : ………………. No, it doesn’t. Examples.
1) Is the door closed? ……………..No : ………………. No, it isn’t.

2) Is the door open? ……………… Yes : ……………. Yes, it is.
3) Do you have tea for dinner? …… No : …..……….. No, I don’t.
4) Do you like coffee? …………………. Yes : …………… Yes, I do.
5) Do you speak Spanish? …………… . Yes : …….…….. Yes, I do.
6) Does Mr. A (Allen) speak Spanish? .. No : …………. No, he doesn’t.
7) Do you drink milk in the morning? .. Yes : …..….. Yes, I do.
8) Is Mr. B ( Gomez ) in class? …………… No : …..…….. No, he doesn’t.
9) Do Mr.C(Mendez) and Mr.D(Torres) speak Spanish?....Yes :…….. Yes, they do.
10) Are we in class? ……………………………………………. No : ………………. No, we aren’t.
11) Do I live in the United States? ……………………… Yes : …………….. Yes, you do.
12) Does Mr. E ( Turk ) teach English? ………………… No : …………….. No, he doesn’t.
13) Is Miss F ( Manahan ) a teacher? ………………… No : ………………… No, she isn’t. She’s a doctor.
14) Do you study in the afternoon? ……………………. Yes : ………………... Yes, I do.
Exercise 9. Substitute a word like always for the multi-word adverbials of frequency.

Teacher’s statements : …………………………………………. New statements: ……… Listen to the examples:
Mary drinks milk all of the time. ………………………… Mary always drinks milk.
John drinks milk most of the time. …………………….. John usually drinks milk. Examples
1) John drinks coffee some of the time. ………………………. John sometimes drinks coffee.
2) He almost never drinks tea. ……………………………………… He seldom drinks tea.
3) Mr. Allen drinks coffee much of the time. ………………… Mr. Allen often drinks coffee.
4) Mrs. Allen almost never drinks coffee. ………………………. Mrs. Allen seldom drinks coffee.
5) She drinks tea most of the time. ……………………………….. She usually drinks tea.
6) Mr. Miller has coffee at 10 A.M. all of the time. ………….. Mr. Miller always has coffee at 10 A.M.
7) Mrs. Miller has coffee at 10 A.M. some of the time.. ….. Mrs. Miller sometimes has coffee at 10 A.M.
8) Mrs. Miller almost never drinks milk in the morning. …… Mrs. Miller seldom drinks milk in the morning.
9) She has coffee in the morning most of the time. …………….. She usually has coffee in the morning.
10) Mr. and Mrs. Miller eat in a restaurant some of the time. … They sometimes eat in a restaurant.
11) John eats in restaurants all of the time. ……………………… John always eats in restaurants.
12) Mary almost never eats in a restaurant. …………………….. Mary seldom eats in a restaurant.
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13) She eats at home most of the time. …………………….. ……. She usually eats at home.
14) Mr. and Mrs. Allen eat in a restaurant much of the time. .. Mr. and Mrs. Allen often eat in a restaurant.
Exercise 10. Substitute a word like always for the multi-word adverbials of frequency.
Teacher’s statements ; ……………………………………………………… New statements: ……………… Listen :
John is busy all of the time. …………………………………………………… John is always busy.
Mr. Allen is busy most of the time. ……………………………………….. Mr. Allen is usually busy. Examples.
1) Mr. Allen is busy much of the time. ……………………………………. Mr. Allen is often busy.
2) She is tired some of the time. ……………………………………………… She is sometimes tired.
3) Mr. Miller is almost never tired. …………………………………………. Mr. Miller is seldom tired.
4) Mr. Miller is thirsty most of the time. ………………………………….. Mr. Miller is usually thirsty.
5) He is hungry some of the time. …………………………………………… He is sometimes hungry.
6) John is hungry much of the time. ……………………………………….. John is often hungry.
7) He is thirsty most of the time. …………………………………………… He is usually thirsty.
8) He is almost never in the room. …………………………………………. He is seldom in the room.
9) He is at home most of the time. …………………………………………. He is usually at home.
10) Mr. Allen is at home some of the time. ……………………………….. Mr. Allen is sometimes at home.
11) Mr. Allen is right most of the time. ……………………………………… Mr. Allen is usually right.
12) He is almost never wrong. …………………………………………………. He is seldom wrong.
13) Mr. and Mrs. Allen are happy most of the time. …………………. Mr. and Mrs. Allen are usually happy.
14) They are almost never sad. …………………………………………………. They are seldom sad.
Exercise 11. Summary exercise. Listen to the examples:
John drinks milk much of the time. …………………………………………………. He often drinks milk.
He is thirsty much of the time. ……………………………………………………… He is often thirsty. Examples.
1) He has cornflakes for breakfast all of the time. ……………………….. He always has cornflakes for breakfast.
2) He is sleepy at breakfast all of the time. ………………………………….. He is always sleepy at breakfast.
3) He is late to class some of the time. ………………………………………. He is sometimes late to class.
4) He studies at night all of the time. ………………………………………….. He always studies at night.
5) Mrs. Miller almost never drinks coffee. ………………………………….. Mrs. Miller seldom drinks coffee.
6) She drinks tea most of the time. ……………………………………………. She usually drinks tea.
7) She is at home much of the time. ………………………………………….. She is often at home.
8) She eats at home much of the time. ……………………………………… She usually eats at home.
9) She is busy most of the time. …………………………………………………. She is usually busy.
10) She sings at home some of the time. ……………………………………. She sometimes sings at home.
Exercise 12. Change the teacher’s statement into a question.The next student will answer the question.
Teacher’s statements : ……………………………… Questions:……………………… / Answers: …………………….. Listen
The teacher is usually busy. ………………….. A) Is the teacher usually busy ?/ B) Yes, he is.
Examples.
You are often busy. …………………………………A) Are you often busy? / B) Yes, I am ; or No, I’m not.
1) You are sometimes tired. ………………………….. A) Are you sometimes tired? / B) Yes, I am.
2) You are sometimes hungry. ………………………. A) Are you sometimes hungry? / B) Yes, I am.
3) You always eat breakfast in the morning. ….. A) Do you always eat breakfast in the morning?/B)Yes, I do.
4) The windows are always open. …………………. A) Are the windows always open? / B) No, they aren’t.
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5) The teacher is usually in the room. ……………. A) Is the teacher usually in the room? / B) No, he isn’t.
6) You usually have coffee for breakfast. ………. A) Do you usually have coffee for breakfast? /B) Yes, I do.
7) You usually eat lunch at room. …………………. A) Do you usually eat lunch at room? / B) no, I don’t.
8) The door is sometimes open. …………………… A) Is the door sometimes open? / B) Yes, it is.
9) The windows are often closed. …………………. A) Are the windows often closed? / B)Yes, they are.
10) You sometimes read at night. …………………… A) Do you sometimes read at night? / B) Yes, I do.
11) You usually understand the lesson. ………….. A) Do you usually understand the lesson? /B) Yes, I do.
12) Pencils are usually light. …………………………... A) Are pencils usually light? / B) Yes, they are.
13) Shoes are always white. ……………………………. A) Are shoes always white? / B) No, they aren’t.
14) Shirts are often white. ……………………………… A) Are shirts often white? / B) No, they aren’t.
Exercise 13. This is a review exercise. Change the teacher’s statement into a question. Include ever in
the question. Another student will give a true answer.
Teacher’s statements : ………………… Questions:……………………………/ Answers:….. Listen to the examples:
You study at night. ………………………… A) Do you ever study at night? / B) Yes, usually. ( No, never, etc. )
You are tired. ……………………………….. A) Are you ever tired? / B) No, seldom. (Yes, often, etc. )
Examples.
You eat fish. ……………………………… A) Do you ever eat fish? / B) Yes, sometimes. ( No, seldom,etc.)
1) You eat soup. …………………………….. A) Do you ever eat soup? / B) Yes, I usually do.
2) You have toast for breakfast. ………. A) Do you ever have toast for breakfast? / B) Yes, but seldom.
3) You have coffee after dinner. ………. A) Do you ever have coffee after dinner? / B) Yes, usually.
4) You are hungry in the morning………..A) Are you ever hungry in the morning? / B) Yes, but not often.
5) We practice. ……………………………… A) Do we ever practice? / B) Yes, often.
6) You have cornflakes for breakfast. .. A) Do you ever have cornflakes for breakfast?/B)Yes, always.
7) You have coffee at 10 A.M. ……… A) Do you ever have coffee at 10 A.M.?/B) Yes, but not often.
8) You are busy. ………………………….. A) Are you ever busy? / B) Yes, usually.
9) You drink tea in the afternoon. … A) Do you ever drink tea in the afternoon? / B) No, never.
10) We learn new words in class. …… A) Do we ever learn new words in class? / B) Yes, we always do.
11) You have orange juice for breakfast. A) Do you ever have orange juice for breakfast? / B) Yes, usually.
12) You write letters at night. ……….. A) Do you ever write letters at night? / B) No, I seldom do.
13) You sing in the morning. ………… A) Do you ever sing in the morning? / Yes, but rarely.
14) You have a coke in the afternoon. A) Do you ever have a coke in the afternoon? / No, never.
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Lesson 3 .
Adverbials of place and time: here, to class….. // in the morning , at 9:00 A.M. , every day, …..
Past tense of be in statements, questions and short answers ;
He was here. …../ Was he here? ….. /Yes, he was.
Past tense of regular verbs.
Regular past tense ending : He worked.
Questions and short answers with did : Did he work ? / Yes, he did.
Exercise 1. Practice using adverbials of place. Substitute the words in the correct position.
Teacher’s words :…………………….. New statements (with adverbials of place) Listen-examples:
I study in the library. ……………………….. I study in the library.
here ………………………………………………….. I study here.
we ……………………………………………………. We study here.
in the library ……………………………………… We study in the library. Examples. Continue the practice.
1) read …………………………………………… We read in the library.

2) I …………………………………………….. I read in the library.
3) here …………………………………………. I read here.
4) eat ………………………………………….. I eat here.
5) at the restaurant ……………………….. I eat at the restaurant.
6) John ……………………………………….. John eats at the restaurant.
7) there ……………………………………….. John eats there.
8) studies ……………………………………. John studies there.
9) in that building …………………………. John studies in that building.
10) we …………………………………………. We study in that building.
11) have coffee ……………………………… We have coffee in that building.
12) at the restaurant …………………….. We have coffee at the restaurant.
Exercise 2. Practice using adverbials of time. Substitute the words in the proper positions.
Teacher’s words : ………………………. New statements(with adverbials of time). Listen –examples :
We usually have lunch at noon. ………… We usually have lunch at noon.
at 1 o’clock ……………………………………. We usually have lunch at 1 o’clock.
coffee …………………………………………….. We usually have coffee at 1 o’clock.
in the morning …………………………………. We usually have coffee in the morning.
always ……………………………. We always have coffee in the morning. Examples. Continue the practice.
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1) at noon ………………………............... We always have coffee at noon.
2) lunch ……………………………………… We always have lunch at noon.
3) at 12 o’clock …………………………… We always have lunch at 12 o’clock
4) usually …………………………………… We usually have lunch at 12 o’clock.
5) coffee ……….. ………………………… We usually have coffee at 12 o’clock.
6) in the evening …………………………. We usually have coffee in the evening.
7) in the afternoon …………………… We usually have coffee in the afternoon.
8) at night …………………………………. We usually have coffee at night.
9) dinner …………………………………… We usually have dinner at night.
10) always ………………………………….. We always have dinner at night.
11) tea ……………………………………….. We always have tea at night.
12) in the morning ……………………… We always have tea in the morning.
Exercise 3. Practice the positions of adverbials of place and time. Substitute the words in the proper
positions.
Initial statement : The teacher has breakfast at a restaurant in the morning.
Teacher’s words :……… New statements ( with place and time adverbials)
at 7 A.M. …………………. The teacher has breakfast at a restaurant at 7 A.M.
at home …………………… The teacher has breakfast at home at 7 A.M.
every day …………………. The teacher has breakfast at home every day. Examples. Continue the practice.
1) at a restaurant ……. The teacher has breakfast at a restaurant every day.

2) coffee ……………….. The teacher has coffee at a restaurant every day.
3) at noon ……………….. The teacher has coffee at a restaurant at noon.
4) here …………………… The teacher has coffee here at noon.
5) in that building …….. The teacher has coffee in that building at noon.
6) in the afternoon …… The teacher has coffee in that building in the afternoon.
7) every day ………….. The teacher has coffee in that building every day.
8) we …………………….. We have coffee in that building every day.
9) at noon …………….. We have coffee in that building at noon.
10) lunch ……………….. We have lunch in that building at noon.
11) there ………………… We have lunch there at noon.
12) at 1 o’clock ………… We have lunch there at 1 o’clock.
Exercise 4. Substitute the teacher’s words and change was or were only if necessary.
Teacher’s words ; ………………………..

New statements (with “was” and “were”): Listen to the examples:
The boys were busy. ……………………………… The boys were busy.
John …………………………………………………… John was busy.
the students ………………………………………… The students were busy.
I …………………………………………………….. I was busy. Examples. Continue the practice.
1) the teacher ……………………………….. The teacher was busy.

2) the boys ……………………………………. The boys were busy.
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3) John ……………………………………………. John was busy.
4) the students ………………………………… The students were busy.
5) I …………………………………………………. I was busy.
6) you ………………………………………………. You were busy.
7) we ………………………………………………. We were busy.
8) Mary …………………………………………….. Mary was busy.
9) the class ………………………………………. The class was busy.
10) the doctor ……………………………………. The doctor was busy.
11) John and Mary ………………………………. John and Mary were busy.
12) They ……………………………………………. They were busy.
Exercise 5. Practice the correlation of forms of be with adverbials of time. Substitute the words and
change the forms of be if necessary.
Teacher’s words : ……………… New statements : ………………………….

We were here yesterday. …….. We were here yesterday.
John ……………………………………. John was here yesterday.
now ……………………………………. John is here now.
the students ………………………. The students are here now.
yesterday …………………………… The students were here yesterday. Examples. Continue the practice.
1) Mary ……………………………. Mary was here yesterday.

2) now ……………………………… Mary is here now.
3) last night ……………………. Mary was here last night.
4) I …………………………………. I was here last night.
5) they …………………………….. They were here last night.
6) now ……………………………. They are here now.
7) yesterday …………………… They were here yesterday.
8) the teacher …………………. The teacher was here yesterday.
9) now ……………………………. The teacher is here now.
10) last night …………………… The teacher was here last night.
11) the books ………………….. The books were here last night.
12) now …………………………… The books are here now.
Exercise 6. Listen to the statements with today. Make a corresponding question using yesterday.
Change the form of be to the past tense.
Teacher’s statements with today:…………… Questions ( using yesterday) : …

Mary is tired today. …………………………………. Was she tired yesterday?
She is sad today. …………………………………… Was she sad yesterday?
The students are here today. …………………… Were they here yesterday? Examples. Continue the practice.
1) John is busy today. ………………………………. Was he busy yesterday?
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2) Mr. Allen is sleepy today. ………………………. Was he sleepy yesterday?
3) Mr. and Mrs. Miller are hungry today. ……. Were they hungry yesterday?
4) The book is open today. ………………………… Was it open yesterday?
5) The coffee is hot today. ………………………… Was it hot yesterday?
6) Mr. and Mrs. Allen are early today. ……….. Were they early yesterday?
7) Mrs. Miller is late today. ………………………. Was she late yesterday?
8) John is right today. ………………………………. Was he right yesterday?
9) Mary is wrong today. ……………………………. Was she wrong yesterday?
10) The teacher is here today. ……………………… Was he here yesterday?
Exercise 7. Answer the question with an appropriate short answer.(Use the names of students for Mr.
A., Mr. B., etc. )

Teacher’s questions : …………………………………………………………. Short answers :……. Listen to the examples:
Was the table here yesterday? ……………………Yes : ………….... Yes, it was.
Was Mr.A. in New York yesterday? ……………… No : ……………. No, he wasn’t.
Is Mr. A. in class today? …………………………… Yes : ….……….. Examples. Continue the practice.
Yes, he is .
1) Was Mr. Gomez in class yesterday? ……… Yes : …………… Yes, he was.
2) Was the teacher here yesterday? ………… Yes…….. …….. Yes, he was.
3) Were Mr. Torres and Mr. Valencia in class yesterday?.No:.. No, they weren’t.
4) Was the green book here yesterday? …… Yes : .………… Yes, it was.
(Continue the exercise, calling on students individually)
5) Were you tired yesterday? ………………………No : ….………. No, I wasn’t .
6) Was the lesson easy yesterday? ……………… Yes : ..………. Yes, it was.
7) Is it easy today? ……………………………………… Yes : ……….. Yes, it is.
8) Was Mr. Paz in class yesterday? ……………… Yes : .………. Yes, he was.
Exercise 8. Change the adverbial from every day to yesterday and make the necessary change in the
verb.
Teacher’s statements :………………………………

New statements(with yesterday). Listen - examples:
I study every day. ……………………………………………………. I studied yesterday.
The doctor works here every day . …………………………… The doctor worked here yesterday.
Examples. /Continue the practice.

He waits for John every day. ……………….. He waited for John yesterday.
1) John walks home every day. …………………………… John walked home yesterday.
2) Mary wants coffee after dinner every day. ……… Mary wanted coffee after dinner yesterday.
3) John wants a glass of milk every day. ……………… John wanted a glass of milk yesterday.
4) John visits Mr. Allen every day. ………………………… John visited Mr. Allen yesterday.
5) Mr. Allen watches a T.V. program every day. …….. Mr. Allen watched a T.V. program yesterday.
6) Mary listens to the radio every day. ………………… Mary listened to the radio yesterday.
7) We study every day. ……………………………………….. We studied yesterday.
8) We practice every day . ………………………………….. We practiced yesterday.
9) We learn new words every day. ……………………… We learned new words yesterday.
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10) The students study every day. ………………………. The students studied yesterday.
Exercise 9. Change the statements into questions.
Teacher’s statements:………………………………………… Questions: ………………

The teacher presented the lesson yesterday. …………. Did the teacher present the lesson yesterday?
The teacher pronounced the sentences. ………………… Did the teacher pronounce the sentences?
The students repeated the new words. …………………. Did the students repeat the new words?Examples
Continue the practice:

1) Mr. and Mrs. Allen practiced the conversation yesterday. Did they practice the conversation yesterday?
2) They studied the lesson in the afternoon. …………………… Did they study the lesson in the afternoon?
3) They learned the new words. ………………………………………. Did they learn the new words?
4) They walked home yesterday. ……………………………………. Did they walk home yesterday?
5) Mr. Allen wanted hot dogs for dinner. ………………………….. Did Mr. Allen want hot dogs for dinner?
6) Mrs. Allen wanted fish. …………………………………………………. Did Mrs. Allen want fish?
7) Mr. Allen waited for Mrs. Allen. …………………………………….. Did Mr. Allen wait for Mrs. Allen?
8) They visited Mr. Miller last night. …………………………………. Did they visit Mr. Miller last night?
9) They arrived at 9 o’clock. …………………………………………….. Did they arrive at 8 o’clock?
10) They talked about the lesson. ………………………………………. Did they talk about the lesson?
11) They watched television last night. …………………………….. Did they watch television last night?
Exercise 10. Answer the question with an appropriate short answer.(Use the names of students for Mr.
A., B., etc.).
Teacher’s questions: …………………………………………… Short answers : Listen-examples:
Did we study lesson two yesterday? …………………………Yes : ..………………….. Yes, we did.
Examples.
Did we study lesson one yesterday? ………………………… No : ……..…………….. No, we didn’t.
1. Did Mr.(A.)= Perry come to class yesterday? ……………… No : ….………… No, he didn’t.
2. Did we practice in class yesterday? ……………………………. Yes : ….……….. Yes,we did.
3. Did Mr.(B.)=Gutierrez attend class yesterday? ……………. Yes : …….……. Yes, he did.
4. Did Miss (C.) Claire go to Chicago yesterday? ……………… Yes : …….……. Yes, she did.
5. Did we talk in class yesterday? ……………………………………. Yes …….…….. Yes, we did.
(Continue , calling on students individually.)
6. Did you study the lesson yesterday? ……………………………. Yes : …..…….. Yes, I did.
7. Did you watch television last night? ………………………………. No : ….…….. No, I didn’t.
8. Did you eat dinner yesterday? ……………………………………………………………. Yes, I did.
9. Did you write a letter last night? …………………………………………………………… No, I didn’t.
10. Did you read a book last night? ………………………………………………………… No, I didn’t.
11. Did you speak English yesterday? …………………………………………………………. Yes, I did.
12. Did you speak Japanese yesterday? ……………………………………………………… No. I didn’t.
13. Did you speak French yesterday? ………………………………………………………. No, I didn’t.
14. Did Mr(D.):Perez and Mr.(E.):Gomez speak German last night? …………….. No, they didn’t.
15. Did you eat soup yesterday? …………………………………………………………………. Yes, I did.
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16. Did we practice in class yesterday? ………………………………………………………. Yes, we did.
17. Did you sleep in class yesterday? …………………………………………………………… No, I didn’t.
18. Did we eat breakfast in class yesterday? ………………………………………………… No. we didn’t.
Exercise 11. This is a review exercise . Listen to the statements with every day. Make a corresponding
statement with yesterday.Then convert the statement into a question.Use the pronoun you in the question. The
next student will give a true answer.
Teacher’s statements : ……………………………...

New statements with yesterday :…./ Questions:….Listen:
We study English every day. ……………………. A: We studied English yesterday.
Did you study English yesterday?
B: Yes, I did.
We watch television every day. ……………………… B: We watched television yesterday.
B: Did you watch television yesterday?
C: No, I didn’t. Examples.
Now you try, continue the practice:
1. We learn new words every day. ………… …………. We learned new words yesterday.
Did you learn new words yesterday?
Yes, I did.
2. We practice pronunciation every day. …………… We practiced pronunciation yesterday.

Did you practice pronunciation yesterday?
Yes, I did.
3. We walk to class every day . ……………………….. We walked to class yesterday.
Did you walk to class yesterday?
No, I didn’t.
4. We attend class every day. ……………………….. We attended class yesterday.
Did you attend class yesterday?
Yes, I did.
5. We repeat the new words every day. …………… We repeated the new words yesterday.
Did you repeat the new words yesterday.
No, I didn’t.
6. We talk about the lesson every day. ……………… We talked about the lesson yesterday.
Did you talk about the lesson yesterday?
Yes, I did.
7. We listen to the radio every day. ………………….. We listened to the radio yesterday.
Did you listen to the radio yesterday?
No, I didn’t.
8. We answer the teacher’s questions every day. …. We answered the teacher’s questions yesterday.
Did you answer the teacher’s questions yesterday?
Yes, I did.
9. We talk to the teacher every day. ……………………. We talked to the teacher yesterday.
Did you talk to the teacher yesterday?
No, I didn’t.
10. We study grammar every day. ………………………… We studied grammar yesterday.
Did you study grammar yesterday?
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Yes, I did.
11. We repeat the exercises every day. ……………….. We repeated the exercises yesterday.
Did you repeat the exercises yesterday?
Yes, I did.
Exercise 12. This is a review exercise. Answer the teacher’s questions individually. Use short answers.
Teacher’s questions :…………………………………………………………………..

Short answers : …………. Listen :
Were you in New York last night? …………………...............No : ................. …. No, I wasn’t.
Were you ever in New York? …………………………………….. Yes : ………………….. Yes, I was.
Examples.
or (No, I wasn’t. ), or ( No, never.)
1. Do you like New York? ……………………………………………………… Yes : ..……….. Yes, I do.

2. Did you ever visit the Empire State Building in New York? …… No : …………. No, I didn’t.
3. Did you ever visit California? …………………………………………….. Yes : ……….. Yes, I did.
4. Were you in California last night? ………………………………………. No : …………. No, I wasn’t.
5. Do you like California? ……………………………………………………….. Yes : …………. Yes, I do.
6. Is San Francisco in California? …………………………………………….. Yes : …….……. Yes, it is.
7. Is Chicago in California? ……………………………………………………. No : ……..…… No, it isn’t.
8. Is Caracas in Venezuela? …………………………………………………… Yes : ….…….. Yes, it is.
9. Is Paris in Italy? …………………………………………………………………. No : …….….. No, it isn’t.
10. Is London in England? …………………………………………………………… Yes : …..……. Yes, it is.
11. Did Shakespeare live in England? ……………………………………….. Yes : …………. Yes, he did.
12. Did Shakespeare write plays? ……………………………………………… Yes : …………. Yes, he did.
13. Was Shakespeare here yesterday? ………………………………………No : …….….. No, he wasn’t.
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Lesson 4 .
Wh-questions : who…… , what ….. , where………, when……
Present progressive: He is writing.
Using adjectives and nouns to modify nouns : small class, grammar class.
Exercise 1. Change the statement into a yes/no question. Then make a wh-question beginning with the
word what.
Teacher’s statements : ………………………… Yes / No questions : / What..questions:

Listen :
John likes milk.
Does ……………………………………………………. Does John like milk?
What …………………………………………………… What does John like?
Paul likes water.
Does …………………………………………………… Does Paul like water?
What ………………………………………………….. What does Paul like?. Examples
Now, you try. Continue the practice:
1) Mary likes coffee. Does ………………… Does Mary like coffee?

What ………………. What does Mary like?
2) Mr. Miller likes beer. Does ………………. Does Mr. Miller like beer?
What ……………….. What does Mr. Miller like?
3) Mrs. Miller likes wine. Does ………………. Does Mrs. Miller like wine?
What ………………. What does Mrs. Miller like ?
4) Mrs. Allen usually has tea. Does…………………. Does Mrs. Allen usually has tea?
What…………………. What does Mrs. Allen usually has?
5) John likes tomato juice. Does………………. Does John like tomato juice?
What .……………….. What does John like?
6) Mary usually likes orange juice. Does ………………. Does Mary usually like orange juice?
What ………………. What does Mary usually like?
(Continue, using the PAST tense)
7) Paul practiced pronunciation. …………….. Did Paul practice pronunciation?/ What did Paul practice?
8) John studied grammar. ……………………. Did John study grammar? / What did John study?
9) Mary repeated the exercises. ………………. Did Mary repeat the exercises? / What did Mary repeat?
10) Mr. Miller repeated the new words. ……. Did Mr. Miller repeat the new words? /What did Mr. Miller repeat?
11) Mr. Miller learned the new words. ………. Did Mr. Miller learn the new words? /What did Mr. Miller learn?
12) Mr. Allen studied the exercises. ………… Did Mr. Allen study the exercises? / What did Mr.Allen study?
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Exercise 2. Practice the use of what in questions. Substitute the words into the question.
Teacher’s words: ………………. ” What”:…questions?.......... Listen to the examples.
What does big mean?
intelligent …………………………. What does intelligent mean?
exist ………………………………… What does exist mean?
actual ………………………………. What does actual mean? Examples. Continue the practice.
1) difficult ………………….. What does difficult mean?

2) tiny ………………………… What does tiny mean?
3) simple ……………………… What does simple mean?
4) dime ……………………….. What does dime mean?
5) penny ……………………. What does penny mean?
6) quarter …………………. What does quarter mean?
7) tooth …………………….. What does tooth mean?
8) entire …………………….. What does entire mean?
9) funny ……………………… What does funny mean?
10) assist ……………………… What does assist mean?
Exercise 3. Ask for meaning of words. Change the statement into a question beginning with what.
Another student will answer. “What”-questions, Stud. A): /Answers, Stud. B:)
Listen –Examples :
Smart means intelligent. ……………….A) What does smart mean? / B) It means intelligent.
Big means large. ……………………….. Examples.

A) What does big mean? / B) It means large.
Continue the practice.
1) Huge means very large. ……….. A) What does huge mean? / B) It means very large.
2) Tiny means very small. ………... A) What does tiny mean? / B) It means very small.
3) Assist means help. ……………….. A) What does assist mean? / B) It means help.
4) Hard often means difficult. ….. A) What does hard mean? / B) It often means difficult.
5) Right often means correct. …… A) What does right mean? / B) It often means right.
6) Noon means twelve o’clock. ….. A) What does noon mean? / B) It means twelve o’clock.
7) Rarely means seldom. …………… A) What does rarely mean? / B) It means seldom.
8) Dozen means twelve. ………….. A) What does dozen mean? / B) It means twelve.
Exercise 4. Practice the use of When in questions. Listen to the information about Paul .Ask a
corresponding question about John.
Information about Paul : “When”-questions about John :
Paul arrived in June. …………………………………..When did John arrive?

Paul studied a year ago. ………………………………. When did John study?
Examples. Continue the practice.
Paul telephoned yesterday. …………………………. When did John telephone?
1) Paul studied a month ago. …................... When did John study?

2) Paul telephoned yesterday. …………………. When did John telephone?
3) Paul studied a year ago. ………………………. When did John study?
4) Paul arrived yesterday. ……………………….. When did John arrive?
5) Paul called two hours ago. ………………….. When did John call?
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6) Paul arrived a year ago. ………………………. When did John arrive?
7) Paul practiced a year ago. ……………………. When did John practice?
8) Paul telephoned at 8 o’clock. ……………….. When did John telephone?
9) Paul returned a week ago. ……………………. When did John returne?
10) Paul worked yesterday. ……………………….. When did John work?
11) Paul called on Wednesday. ………………….. When did John call on?
12) Paul practice in the morning. ……………….. When did John practice?
Exercise 5. Practice the use of Where in questions. Listen to the information about Paul. Ask a
corresponding question about John and Mary.
Information about Paul :………………………………… “Where”-questions about John and mary :
Paul lives in New York. ……………………………….. Where do John and Mary live?
Paul studies in the library. …………………………… Where do John and Mary study? Examples. Continue :
1) Paul eats dinner at a restaurant. ……………. Where do John and Mary eat dinner?
2) Paul lives on Main Street. …………………….. Where do John and Mary live?
3) Paul plays tennis in the park. …………………. Where do John and Mary play?
4) Paul reads books in the library. …………….. Where do John and Mary read books?
5) Paul studies at home. …………………………… Where do John and Mary study?
6) Paul has coffee at a restaurant. …………….. Where do John and Mary have coffee?
7) Paul practices in calss. …………………………… Where do John and Mary practice?
8) Paul learn new words in class. ………………. Where do John and Mary learn new words?
9) Paul lives in New York. …………………………. Where do John and Mary live?
10) He usually reads in the library. ……………… Where do John and Mary usually read?
11) He usually eats lunch at a restaurant. ……. Where do they usually eat lunch ?
Exercise 6. Change the teacher’s statement into a question beginning with who.
Teacher’s statements : ………………………………… “Who “-questions ………..

The teacher knows John. ………………………….. Who does the teacher know?
Mary visited her father. ……………………………. Who did Mary visit? Examples. Continue the practice.
1) Mary telephoned Paul. ………………………. Who did Mary telephoned?

2) Mary assisted the new student. ………….. Who did Mary assist?
3) John called Paul. ……………………………… Who did John call?
4) John visited Mr. Miller. ………………………. Who did John visit?
5) The teacher asked Mary. ……………………. Who did the teacher ask?
6) The teacher knows Mary. ………………….. Who does the teacher know?
7) John sees Mary. ………………………………… Who does John see?
8) The students see the teacher. ……………. Who do the students see?
9) The students hear the teacher. ………….. Who do the students hear?
10) The students understand the teacher. …. Who do the students understand?
Exercise 7. Change the statement into a question with where or when. Another student will answer. The
answer should be like the expression of time or place in the teacher’s statement.

Teacher’s statements : …………………………….. “Where or When”-questions : Answers:Listen to the examples
John is in class. ………………………………….. A)Where is John? ……….. ……… B)In class.
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John is tired at night. ……………………………… A)When is John tired? …. ……… B) At night.Continue the practice.
1) Mary is sleepy in the morning. …………. A)When is Mary sleepy? ………………….B)In the morning.
2) Mary was in Chicago. …………………….. A)Where was Mary? ……………………. B) In Chicago
3) Mr. Miller was hungry at noon. ………… A)When was Mr. Miller hungry?........ B) At noon.
4) The children were quiet on the bus. …. A)Where were the children quiet?.... B) On the bus.
5) George was at the library. ………………… A)Where was George? ……………….. B) At the library.
6) Betty was in New York. …………………….. A)Where was Betty? …………………… B) In New York.
7) George was sick last week. ………………… A) When was George sick? ……………. B) Last week.
8) George was twenty years old last week.. A)When was George 20 years old? …. B) last week.
9) George and Betty were at the movies. … A)Where were George and betty? …. B) At the movies.
10) George and Betty are in class. …………… A) Where are George and Betty? …… B) In class.
11) Suits are expensive in New York. ………… A) Where are suits expensive? ………. B) In New York.
Exercise 8. Listen to the statement about Paul. Make a wh-question with the word you. Another
student will answer.

Statements about Paul : ……………… A) Wh-questions (with you) :………… B) Answers:…………. Listen examples
Paul studies in the morning. ………. When do you study? ………………. At night. (or In the afternoon,etc.)
Paul is a doctor. ……………………….. What are you? …………………………. A student. (An architect, etc.)
1) Paul studies in the library. ……………..Where do you study? ………………… In my room.

2) Paul sees Mr. Miller. ……………………..Who do you see? …………………….. My new friend.
3) Paul is a lawyer. ……………………………. What are you? …………………………… A teacher.
4) Paul studied grammar yesterday. …… What did you study yesterday? …… English and Chemistry.
5) Paul studied business administration. …… What did you study? ……………… Environmental Engineering.
6) Paul studied in Chicago. ………………………. Where did you study? ……………. In Maryland.
7) Paul was in New York last year. …………… Where were you last year? ……. In Bogota (Colombia).
8) Paul arrived last week. ……………………….. When did you arrive? ………….. Yesterday morning.
9) Paul studies at night. ……………………….. When do you study? …………….. In the evening.
10) Paul was at the library last night. ………… Where were you last night? …… At the party.
Exercise 9. Make wh-questions using the expression do… what.

Teacher’s statements : …………………………… do….what -questions: …………………… Listen to the examples
John eats breakfast at 7 o’clock. …………… What does John do at 7 o’clock?
John goes to class at 8 o’clock. ……………. What does John do at 8 o’clock? Continue the practice.
1) John has coffee at 10 o’clock. ………………………… What does John do at 10 o’clock?

2) John eats lunch at noon. ………………………………. What does John do at noon?
3) John studies in the afternoon. ………………………… What does John do in the afternoon?
4) John studies English in the library. ………………….. What does John do in the library?
5) John has dinner at 6 P.M. ……………. ………………. What does John do at 6 P.M.?
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6) John usually watches television in the evening. .. What does John usually do in the evening?
7) Mr. and Mrs. Miller have dinner at 6:30. ………… What do Mr. and Mrs. Miller do at 6:30?
8) Mr. Miller usually studies in the evening. ………. What does Mr. Miller usually do in the evening?
9) Mrs. Miller often reads in the evening. ……………. What does Mrs. Miller often do in the evening?
10) Mr. and Mrs. Miller sometimes visit friends in the evening. … What does they sometimes do in the evening?
(Continue, using the PAST tense)
11) They visited friends yesterday. ……………………….. What did they do yesterday?
12) They talked. …………………………………………………… What did they do?
13) They played cards after dinner. …………………….. What did they do after dinner?
14) They watched television at nine o’clock. …………. What did they do at nine o’clock?
Exercise 10. Make wh-questions which correspond to the teacher’s statements.
Teacher’s statements:……………………………… Wh-questions :………………………….. Listen to the examples
John waits for Mary every day. ……………. Who does John wait for every day?
John works on Wednesday. …………………. When does John work?
John is from Canada . …………………………… Where is John from? Examples. Continue the practice.
1) John arrived in September. …………… When did John arrive?

2) Alice waited for her friend. ……………. Who did Alice wait for?
3) John lives on Main Street. ……………… Where does John live on?
4) John visited the museum. ……………… What did John visit?
5) He looked at a new painting. ………….. What did he look at?
6) The painting was from Spain. …………. Where was the painting from?
7) Mary looked at the painting. ……………. What did Mary look at?
8) John waited for Mary. …………………… Who did John wait for?
9) He waited in the museum. …………….. Where did he wait?
10) John talked to Mr. Miller. ……………… Who did John talk to?
11) Mr. Miller is from New York. ……………. Where is Mr. Miller from?
12) John and Mary waited for the bus. ….. What did John and Mary wait for?
13) They were hungry at 5 o’clock. ……….. When were they hungry?
14) They watched television in the evening. When did they watch television?
Exercise 11. Watch the teacher and listen to his statement. Make a statement in the simple present
tense with the phrase every day .
Teacher’s statements ;……………….. New statements (in the simple present with” every day”). Listen :
I’m walking now. ……………………… The teacher walks every day.
I’m writing now. ……………………. Examples. Continue the practice.

The teacher writes every day.
1) I’m using the eraser now.……… The teacher uses the eraser every day.
2) I’m talking now. ….……………….. The teacher talks every day.
3) I’m speaking English now. ……. The teacher speaks English every day.
4) I’m moving the chair now. …... The teacher moves the chair every day.
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5) I’m sitting now. …………………… The teacher sits every day.
6) I’m using a pencil now. ……….. The teacher uses a pencil every day.
7) I’m writing now. ………………… The teacher writes every day.
8) I’m looking at the book. ………. The teacher looks at the book every day.
9) I am sitting now. ………………. The teacher sits here every day.
10) I am standing now. ……………… The teacher stands every day.
11) I am speaking slowly now. …….. The teacher speaks slowly every day.
12) I am looking at Mr. A. now. ….. The teacher looks at Mr. A. every day.
13) I am going to the door now. …. The teacher goes to the door every day.
14) I am opening the door now. ….. The teacher opens the door every day.
15) I am leaving the room now. ….. The teacher leaves the room every day.
Exercise 12. Listen to the teacher’s statement. Make a statement using the present progressive.
Teacher’s statements : ……………………………. New statements ( in present progressive):….. Listen:
I walk every day. ……………………………….. You’re walking now.
I write every day. …………………………………. You’re writing now. Examples. Continue the practice.
1) I use the eraser every day. ……………… You’re using the eraser now.
2) I move my chair every day. ……………… You’re moving the chair now.
3) I sit every day. …………………………….. I’m sitting now.
4) I use a pencil every day. ………………….. I’m using a pencil now.
5) I use the book every day. ………………. I’m using the book now.
6) I look at the book every day. ………….. I’m looking at the book now.
7) I stand every day. ………………………… I’m standing now.
8) I look at Mr. A. every day. ………………. I’m looking at Mr. A. now.
9) I go to the door every day. …………….. I’m going to the door now.
10) I open the door every day. …………….. I’m opening the door now.
Exercise 13. Practice the use of the simple present, the present progressive, and the past tense.
Substitute the words and change the verb if necessary.
Teacher’s words: ………….. Answers(with several tenses) :………….. Listen to the examples :
Mary is watching a movie. ……. Mary is watching a movie.
she ……………………………….. She is watching a movie.
yesterday …………………………… She watched a movie yesterday.
every day …………………………. She watches a movie every day.
now ………………………………… She is watching a movie now. Examples. Continue the practice.
1) John ……………………. John is watching a movie now.

2) we …………………… We are watching a movie now.
3) studying a lesson ……… We are studying a lesson now.
4) every day ………………… We study a lesson every day.
5) he ………………………….. He studies a lesson every day.
6) now ……………………….. He is studying a lesson now.
7) last week ………………… He studied a lesson last week.
8) they ………………………… They studied a lesson last week.
9) now ……………………….. They are studying a lesson now.
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10) watching a movie …….. They are watching a movie now.
11) last night …………………. They watched a movie last night.
12) we ………………………….. We watched a movie last night.
13) now …………………………. We are watching a movie now.
14) you …………………………. You are watching a movie now.
Exercise 14.Practice the use of two kinds of verbs : those which require the progressive form to express
action in progress and those which use the simple form expressing an actual situation.
Teacher’s words:……………………….. Answers ( with several verb forms): Listen to the examples :
they are waiting for John. ………. They are waiting for John.
like ……………………………………….. They like John.
help ………………………………………. Examples. Continue the practice.

They are helping John.
(In all cases, keep in mind the meaning of “ right now “ )
1) understand ………………………… They are understanding John.

2) visit …………………………………. They are visiting John.
3) know …………………………………. They know John.
4) the history of California. …….. They know the history of California.
5) study ………………………………. They are studying the history of California.
6) the book ………………………….. They are studying the book of the history of California.
7) read …………………………………. They are reading the book of the history of California.
8) like ……………………………………. They like the book of the history of California.
9) want …………………………………. They want the book of the history of California.
10) see …………………………………… They see the book of the history of California.
11) study ……………………………….. They are studying the book of the history of California.
12) know ………………………………… They know the history of California.
Exercise 15. Change the statement into a question. Another student will give a true answer.
Teacher’s statements: …………………………….

A)Questions: ……………………… B)Short answers: Listen:
The teacher is standing. ……………………. Is the teacher standing? …… Yes, he is.
You are sitting. ………………………………….. Are you sitting? ……………….. Yes, I am. Examples.
1) We are speaking English. ………………………….. Are we speaking English? … Yes: ………. Yes, we are.
2) We are speaking Japanese. ………………………… Are we speaking Japanese? …No : ………. No, we aren’t.
3) You are studying in the United States. …………. Are you studying in U.S.A.? … Yes : ..……. Yes, I am.
4) We are practicing English. …………………. ……… Are we practicing English? …. Yes : …….. Yes, we are.
5) The teacher is sitting. ………………………………….. Is the teacher sitting? ………… No : …..… No, he isn’t.
6) You are standing. ……………………………………….. Are you standing? ……………… No : ..……. No, I’m not.
7) The teacher is looking at his book. ……………….. Is the teacher looking at his book? Yes, he is.
8) You are studying English this semester. ……….. Are you studying English this semester? … Yes I am.
9) We are speaking slowly. ………………………………. Are we speaking slowly? ……………………… Yes, we are.
10) The teacher is walking. ……………………………….. Is the teacher walking? ………………………… Yes, he is.
11) Mr. A. is writing. ……………………………………….. Is Mr. A. writing? …………………………………. No, he isn’t.
12) Miss B. is reading. ……………………………………… Is Miss B. reading? ………………………………. Yes, she is.
13) We are watching television. ………………………… Are we watching television? ……………….. No we aren’t.
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14) We are eating dinner. ………………………………… Are we eating dinner? …………………………. No, we aren’t.
Exercise 16. Listen to the statement about Mary. Ask a corresponding question about John. Use who,
what, or where. Listen to the examples .
Teacher’s statements: ……………………………… Questions about John : ………………………………………
Mary is studying grammar. …………………… What is John studying?
Mary is studying here. …………………………… Where is John studying? Examples. Continue the practice.
1) Mary is drinking coffee. …………………… What is John drinking?

2) Mary is studying medicine. ………………. What is John studying?
3) Mary is telephoning Paul. …………………. Who is John telephoning?
4) Mary is watching the teacher. ………….. Who is John watching?
5) Mary is eating a sandwich. ……………….. What is John eating?
6) Mary is visiting Mrs. Miller. ……………….. Who is John visiting?
7) Mary is buying a book. …………………….. What is John buying?
8) Mary is eating an apple. …………………… What is John eating?
9) Mary is helping Mr. Allen. ………………… Who is John helping?
10) Mary is working in the library. ……………. Where is John working?
11) Mary is playing tennis. ……………………… What is John playing?
12) Mary is studying grammar. ……………….. What is John studying?
13) Mary is drinking milk. ………………………. What is John drinking?
Exercise 17. Listen to the statement. Ask the next student a corresponding wh-question. He will give a
true answer.
Teacher’s statements: …………………………………….. A) Wh-questions:…………………… B)Answers:……………….
Paul is practicing Spanish. ………………………….. What are you practicing? …….. English.
Paul is studying in Mexico. ……………………………… Where are you studying? ……… Examples.
In U.S.A.
1) Paul is sitting in the classroom. ……………….. Where are you sitting? …………… In the kitchen.
2) Paul is looking at the teacher. …………………. Who are you looking at? ………… My dear wife.
3) Paul is studying Japanese. …………………….. What are you studying? …………. English.
4) Paul is watching Mr. Allen. ……………………… Who are you watching? …………. My uncle.
5) Paul is talking to Mr. Miller. ……………………. Who are you talking to? ………… An old friend.
6) Paul is practicing in the classroom. ………….. Where are you practicing? ………. In the playground.
7) Paul is looking at Mr. Miller. …………………… Who are you looking at? ………… A beautiful girl.
( Continue, reviewing the simple present and past tenses.)
8) Paul likes coffee. …………………………………… What do you like? …………….. Coffee too.
9) Paul studies in the library. ……………………….. Where do you study? ……………. In the office.
10) Paul studies at night. ……………………………… When do you study? ……………. At night.
11) Paul sees the teacher. …………………………….. Who do you see? …………………. My daughter.
12) Paul is from Canada. ………………………………. Where are you from? ……………. Cali, Colombia.
13) Paul was in Mexico last year. ………………….. Where were you last year? …… In U.S.A.
14) Paul studied English. ………………………………. What did you study? ………….. Chemistry.
15) Paul studied in New York. ………………………. Where did you study? ………….. In Medellin –Colombia.
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Exercise 18. Listen to the two sentences. Repeat the first one and include an appropriate modifier.
Teacher’s sentences:……………………………………………………
New statements:……… Listen to the examples:
It’s a class. It’s small. …………………………………………….. It’s a small class.
They’re classes. They’re large. ………………………………….. They’re large classes.
It’s a class. We learn grammar. …………………………………. It’s a grammar class.
It’s a watch. I carry the watch in my pocket. ……………… it’s a pocket watch.
It’s a pocket. I carry my watch in the pocket. ……………… It’s a watch pocket. Examples. Continue:
1) It’s a book. It’s green. ………………………………………… It’s a green book.

2) They’re books. They’re green. ……………………………. They’re green books.
3) It’s a book. It presents grammar. ………………………….. It’s a grammar book.
4) They’re books. They present grammar. ……………….. They’re grammar books.
5) It’s a watch. It’s small. ………………………………………. It’s a small watch.
6) It’s a watch. I wear the watch on my wrist. ………….. It’s a wrist watch.
7) They’re pencils. They’re long. …………………………….. They’re long pencils.
8) It’s an egg. It’s fried. …………………………………………… It’s a fried egg.
9) They’re eggs. They’re fried. ……………………………….. They’re fried eggs.
10) It’s a table. It’s for cards. ……………………………………. It’s a card table.
11) It’s cream. It’s for coffee. …………………………………… It’s a coffee cream.
12) It’s soup. It’s hot. …………………………………………………. It’s a hot soup.
13) It’s a spoon. It’s for soup. ……………………………………. It’s a soup spoon.
14) It’s a store. It sells books. …………………………………….. It’s a book store.
15) It’s a store. It’s large. ……………………………………………. It’s a large store.
16) It’s a cover. It’s large. …………………………………………. It’s a large cover.
17) It’s a cover. It’s on a magazine. ……………………………….. It’s a magazine cover.
18) They’re stores. They sell books. …………………………….. They’re book stores.
19) It’s a cup. It’s for coffee. …………………………………………. It’s a coffee cup.
20) They’re cups. They’re for coffee. …………………………… They’re coffee cups.
21) It’s a lamp. It’s on a desk. ……………………………………….. It’s a desk lamp.
22) They’re lamps. They’re on desks. …………………………….. They’re desk lamps.
23) It’s a bottle. It’s small. …………………………………………… It’s a small bottle.
24) It’s a bottle. It’s for milk. ………………………………………….. It’s a milk bottle.
25) It’s a tree. It has apples. …………………………………………….. It’s an apple tree.
26) They’re trees. They have apples. ……………………………… They’re apple trees.
27) It’s a room. It’s for classes. ……………………………………….. It’s a class room.
28) It’s a room. It’s large. ………………………………………………. It’s a large room
End of Structure Lesson 4.
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Lesson 5
Be + going to ……. To indicate future time :( Example): He is going to sing .

Negative statements (Examples): He isn’t here. He didn’t come.
Negative statements with single-word adverbs of frequency:
(Examples): He isn’t always here. He doesn’t always study.
Some and any.
Exercise 1. Substitute the words and make the necessary changes.
Teacher’s words: …………………………............. New statements: …………………… Listen to the examples.
Initial sentence: I’m going to study tomorrow,
he ……………………………………….. He’s going to study tomorrow.

we ……………………………………. We’re going to study tomorrow.
I ……………………………………. I’m going to study tomorrow. Continue the practice:
1) he …………………………………… He’s going to study tomorrow.
2) we …………………………………… We’re going to study tomorrow.
3) the students …………………….. The students are going to study tomorrow.
4) they …………………………………. They’re going to study tomorrow.
5) I ………………………………………. I’m going to study tomorrow.
6) she …………………………………….. She’s going to study tomorrow.
7) John …………………………………… John is going to study tomorrow.
8) John and Mary …………………. John and Mary are going to study tomorrow.
9) you …………………………………….. You’re going to study tomorrow.
10) the man ……………………………… The man is going to study tomorrow.
11) the doctor …………………………. The doctor is going to study tomorrow.
12) I ………………………………………… I’m going to study tomorrow.
Exercise 2. Answer “ no “ to the question and add a statement using the word tomorrow.
Teacher’s questions: …………………………… Negative answers with “no” and “tomorrow” :………
Listen:
Did George study yesterday? …………….. No, he’s going to study tomorrow.
Did Mary read the book? ………………… No, she’s going to read the book tomorrow.Contimue the practice.
1) Did Mr. Miller play tennis yesterday?............ No, he’s going to play tennis tomorrow.
2) Did John write a letter? …………………………… No, he’s going to write a letter tomorrow.
3) Did Mary work in the garden? …………………. No, she’s going to work in the garden tomorrow.
4) Did John eat fish for dinner yesterday? ……… No, he’s going to eat fish for dinner tomorrow.
5) Did Mr. Allen eat dinner at a restaurant? ….. No, he’s going to eat dinner at a restaurant tomorrow.
6) Did Mary learn the new words? …………………. No, she’s going to learn the new words tomorrow.
7) Did George buy a wrist watch? …………………… No, he’s going to buy a wrist watch tomorrow.
8) Did Mr. and Mrs. Miller visit the museum? …. No, they’re going to visit the museum tomorrow.
9) Did George move the table? ……………………… No, he’s going to move the table tomorrow.
10) Did Mary repeat the words? ……………………… No, she’s going to repeat the words tomorrow.
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Exercise 3. Contrast the present progressive with the forms used with future time. Substitute the words
and make the necessary changes.
Teacher’s words :……………… New statements : ………………………..

“I’m going to practice tomorrow”.
now ……………………………. I’m practicing now.
next week ………………………. I’m going to practice next week.
we ………………………………. We’re going to practice next week.
tomorrow …………………… We’re going to practice tomorrow.
now …………………………… We’re going to practice now. ………………….. .. Continue the practice.
1) he ……………………… He’s going to practice now.

2) they …………………….. They’re going to practice now.
3) she …………………….. She’s going to practice now.
4) tomorrow ……………. She’s going to practice tomorrow.
5) next week …………… She’s going to practice next week.
6) next year …………… She’s going to practice next year.
7) we ………………………. We’re going to practice next year.
8) I ………………………. I’m going to practice next year.
9) study …………………… I’m going to study next year.
10) he ………………………. He’s going to study next year.
11) they …………………… They’re going to study next year.
12) now …………………… They’re going to study now.
13) he ……………………… He’s going to study now.
14) I ………………………… I’m going to study now.
15) tomorrow ……………. I’m going to study tomorrow.
Exercise 4. Listen to the statement. Form a corresponding question, using a pronoun form.
:
Teacher’s statements: ………………………………………….. Questions( with pronouns):.. Listen to the examples
They’re going to study. …………………………………. Are they going to study?
John’s going to play baseball. ………………………….. Is he going to play baseball?
The boys are going to be late. …………………………. Are they going to be late? Continue the practice.
1) John’s going to study engineering. …………………. Is he going to study engineering?

2) He is going to be an engineer. …………………….. Is he going to be an engineer?
3) He’s going to be here next week. ………… ………… Is he going to be here next week?
4) The students are going to eat lunch. ………………. Are they going to eat lunch?
5) They’re going to study English. ……………………. Are they going to study English?
6) The girl is going to learn English. ……………………. Is she going to learn English?
7) She’s going to visit the museum. …………………… Is she going to visit the museum?
8) She’s going to attend the university. ……………….. Is she going to attend the university?
9) Mr. Miller is going to study Japanese. …. …………. Is he going to study Japanese?
10) Mr. Allen is going to eat dinner at a restaurant. …. Is he going to eat dinner at a restaurant?
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11) George is going to be busy. ……………………………… Is he going to be busy?
12) Mary is going to arrive at 9 o’clock. ………………….. Is she going to arrive at 9 o’clock?
Exercise 5. Listen to the statement. Make a yes/no question with you. Another student will give a
true short answer. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s statements: ……………………..................... A)yes/no questions with “you” :………….. B)Short answers:
George is going to play baseball tomorrow. ………………….. Are you going to play baseball tomorrow? .. Yes, I am.
George is going to study tonight. ………………………………… Are you going to study tonight? …………… yes, I am.
1) George is going to work at home tonight. …………… Are you going to work at home tonight?..... No, I’m not.
2) George is going to get up early tomorrow. …..……… Are you going to get up early tomorrow?... Yes, I am.
3) George is going to go to San Francisco. ……………….Are you going to go to San Francisco? ……. No, I’m not.
4) George is going to have a vacation this summer. ….Are you going to have a vacation this summer?.. Yes, I am.
5) George is going to have a cup of coffee. ……………. Are you going to have a cup of coffee? …….. Yes, I am.
6) George is going to buy a wrist watch tomorrow. …. Are you going to buy a wrist watch tomorrow?... Yes, I am.
7) George is going to study Japanese. ……………………. Are you going to study Japanese? ……………… No, I’m not.
8) George is going to visit the museum. …………………..Are you going to visit the museum? …………….Yes, I am.
9) George is going to drink a cup of coffee. ……………..Are you going to drink a cup of coffee? ………. Yes, I am.
10) Mary is going to drink a glass of milk. …………………Are you going to drink a glass of milk? ……….. No, I’m not.
Exercise 6. Listen to the statements. Form corresponding questions with What at the beginning and
tomorrow at the end. A second student will answer. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s statements:………………………………………… A) Questions with “What”…”tomorrow”: / B)Answers:
*He’s studying grammar today. ……………………….. A)What is he going to study tomorrow?
B) He’s going to study vocabulary.
*He’s drinking coffee today. …………………………….. A) What is he going to drink tomorrow?
B) He’s going to drink milk. Continue the practice.
1) John is eating ice cream today. ……………… A) What is John going to eat tomorrow? B) He’s going to eat a cup of coffee.
2)Mr. Miller is having tomato juice today. … A) What is he going to have tomorrow? B) He’s going to have orange juice.
3)Mary is reading an American newspaper … A) What is she going to read tomorrow? B) She’s going to read a magazine.
today.
4)John is buying a red shirt today. ………….. A)What is he going to buy tomorrow? ….. B) He’s going to buy a blue tie.
5)Mary is buying a new umbrella today. …… A)What is she going to buy tomorrow ? …B) She’s going to buy shoes.
6)Mr. Miller is visiting a large city today. …… A)What is he going to visit tomorrow? … B)He’s going to visit the museum.
7)Mrs. Miller is studying Spanish today. ……. A)What is she going to study tomorrow? B)She’s going to study Philosophy.
8)Mary is reading a history book today. ……. A)What is she going to read tomorrow? … B)She’s going to read a novel.
9)John is using a blue pencil today. …………… A) What is he going to use tomorrow? … B)He’s going to use a ball point pen.
10)George and Mary are playing tennis today. .. A)What are they going to play tomorrow?.. B)They’re going to play soccer.
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11)Paul is selling apples today. ……………… A)What is he going to sell tomorrow? ………… B)He’s going to sell bananas.
12)We are studying lesson five today. …… A) What are we going to study tomorrow? ..B)We’re going to study Chemistry.
13)Mr. and Mrs. Allen are drinking coffee today. A)What are they going to drink tomorrow?...B)They’re going to drink milk.
14)John is repeating the easy words today. …… A) What is he going to repeat tomorrow? …. B)He’s going to repeat lesson 4.
Exercise 7.Substitute the words and make the necessary changes.

Teacher’s words: …. New statements( with the substituting words)………. Listen to the examples:
“I’m not in Detroit now”. Initial statement……………………………………………..
he ……………. He isn’t in Detroit now.
last week ……. He wasn’t in Detroit last week
next week ….. He isn’t going to be in Detroit next week.
here …………. He isn’t going to be here next week.
now ………….. He isn’t here now.
they …………. They aren’t here now. Continue the practice.
1) Mary ……….. Mary isn’t here now.
2) she ……….. She isn’t here now.
3) in Detroit …. She isn’t in Detroit now.
4) yesterday …. She wasn’t in Detroit yesterday.
5) you …………… You weren’t in Detroit yesterday.
6) I …………….. I wasn’t in Detroit yesterday.
7) they …………. They weren’t in Detroit Yesterday.
8) now ………… They aren’t in Detroit now.
9) tomorrow … They aren’t going to be in Detroit tomorrow.
10) we …………… We aren’t going to be in Detroit tomorrow.
11) I ………………. I’m not going to be in Detroit tomorrow.
12) you ………….. You aren’t going to be in Detroit tomorrow.
13) he …………… He isn’t going to be in Detroit tomorrow.
14) at home ….. He isn’t going to be at home tomorrow.
15) Mary ………. Mary isn’t going to be at home tomorrow.
16) now …………. Mary isn’t at home now.
17) yesterday …. Mary wasn’t at home yesterday.
18) we …………… We weren’t at home yesterday.
Exercise 8. Substitute the words and make the necessary changes.
Teacher’s words : ………

New sentences with the substituted words:……. Listen to the examples:
“He doesn’t study engineering”.
they ………………………… They don’t study engineering.
last year ………………….. They didn’t study engineering last year.

I …………………………….. I didn’t study engineering last year.
Don’t ………………………. I don’t study engineering. Continue the practice.
1) we ……………………. We don’t study engineering.

2) John ………………….. John doesn’t study engineering.
3) he ……………………. He doesn’t study engineering.
4) they ………………….. They don’t study engineering.
5) you ……………………. You don’t study engineering.
6) she ……………………. She doesn’t study engineering.
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7) a year ago ………… She didn’t study engineering a year ago.
8) Paul ………………. Paul didn’t study engineering a year ago.
9) we ………………….. We didn’t study engineering a year ago.
10) I ……………………… I didn’t study engineering a year ago.
11) Mr. and Mrs. Miller … Mr. and Mrs. Miller didn’t study engineering a year ago.
12) you ……………………… You didn’t study engineering a year ago.
13) don’t ……………………. You don’t study engineering.
14) I …………………………… I don’t study engineering.
15) he ………………………… He doesn’t study engineering.
16) they …………………… They don’t study engineering.
17) Mary …………………… Mary doesn’t study engineering.
18) Mary and Alice …….. Mary and Alice don’t study engineering.
19) Paul …………………….. Paul doesn’t study engineering.
20) we ……………………….. We don’t study engineering.
Exercise 9. Listen to the statement about Paul. Make a negative statement about George.
Statements about Paul :……………………….

Negative statements about George :.. Listen to the examples:
Paul is happy. ……………………………………. George isn’t happy.
Paul has a car. …………………………………… George doesn’t have a car. ……………. Continue the practice.
1) Paul is tired. ………………………………. George isn’t tired.

2) Paul studied last night. ……………….. George didn’t study last night.
3) Paul is a student. …………………………. George isn’t a student.
4) Paul was hungry last night. ………….. George wasn’t hungry last night.
5) Paul reads in the morning. ………..... George doesn’t read in the morning.
6) Paul is often busy. ……………………….. George isn’t often busy.
7) Paul wanted fish for dinner. ………….. George didn’t want fish for dinner.
8) Paul walked home yesterday. ……….. George didn’t walk home yesterday.
9) Paul is writing a letter. …………………. George isn’t writing a letter.
10) Paul is usually tired. ……………………… George isn’t usually tired.
11) Paul likes ice cream. …………………….. George doesn’t like ice cream.
12) Paul is sick. …………………………………. George isn’t sick.
13) Paul is at the library. …………………….. George isn’t at the library.
14) Paul likes beer. …………………………… George doesn’t like beer.
15) Paul has a new car. …………………….. George doesn’t have a new car.
16) Paul was sick yesterday. ……………….. George wasn’t sick yesterday.
17) Paul was absent yesterday. …………… George wasn’t absent yesterday.
18) Paul studied in the library yesterday.. George didn’t study in the library yesterday.
19) Paul is going to go to New York. …….. George isn’t going to go to New York.
20) Paul is studying now. ……………………. George isn’t studying now.
21) Paul has coffee in the morning. ……… George doesn’t have coffee in the morning.
Exercise 10. Listen to the statement about Paul. Make a negative statement about George.
Statements about Paul : ………………………….

Negative statements about George:… Listen to the examples:
Paul is always happy. …………………………… ……. George isn’t always happy.
Paul always studies at night. ………………………... George doesn’t always study at night. Continue the practice.
1) Paul usually drinks milk in the morning. …… George doesn’t usually drink milk in the morning.
2) Paul often eats in a restaurant. …………….. George doesn’t often eat in a restaurant.
3) Paul is often busy. ………………………………… George isn’t often busy.
4) Paul is usually hungry. ……………………………. George isn’t usually hungry.
5) Paul often reads at night. ………………………. George doesn’t often read at night.
6) Paul is often tired. ……………………………….. George isn’t often tired.
7) Paul always has coffee for breakfast. ………. George doesn’t always have coffee for breakfast.
8) Paul usually studies in the morning. ………… George doesn’t usually study in the morning.
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Exercise 11. The adverbs never, rarely , and seldom are negative. (Do not use these words with other
negative word such as don’t and isn’t) Make negative statements in this exercise. Substitute the words and make
the necessary changes. Begin with the statement: “He doesn’t usually smoke”. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s words: ……….. New negative statements( with substituted words)…..
often ……………………. He doesn’t often smoke.
never …………………….. He never smokes.

rarely …………………….. He rarely smokes.
always …………………….. He doesn’t always smoke.
seldom …………………….. He seldom smokes. Continue the practice.

1) Always ……………. He doesn’t always smoke.
2) Often ……………… He doesn’t often smoke.
3) Seldom …………… He seldom smokes.
4) Rarely …………….. He rarely smokes.
5) Usually …………… He doesn’t usually smoke.
6) Never ……………. He never smokes.
7) Rarely ……………. He rarely smokes.
8) Often ……………. He doesn’t often smoke.
9) Usually …………… He doesn’t usually smoke.
10) Rarely …………… He rarely smokes.
Exercise 12 . Listen to the affirmative and negative statements. Respond with corresponding negative
statements with the words at night. ( Remember that statements with never, seldom and rarely are negative)
Teacher’s statements :…………………………………….. New negative statements with “at night” :……….
Listen to the examples : :

He’s usually here in the morning. …………………… He isn’t usually here at night.
He’s always in class in the morning. ……………….. He isn’t always in class at night.
They often study in the morning. ………………….. They don’t often study at night.
He’s never here in the morning. …………………… He’s never here at night.
He’s seldom in class in the morning. ……………….. He’s seldom in class at night.
I rarely study in the morning. ………………………… I rarely study at night. Continue the practice.
1) I often study in the morning. …………………… I don’t often study at night.

2) I never study in the morning. …………………… I never study at night.
3) I usually sing in the morning. …………………… I don’t usually sing at night.
4) He usually sings in the morning. ……………….. He doesn’t usually sing at night.
5) I never run to class in the morning. ……………. I never run to class at night.
6) I always study grammar in the morning. ……. I don’t always study grammar at night.
7) She never eats in the morning. ………………… She never eats at night.
8) Mary’s often hungry in the morning. ………… Mary isn’t often hungry at night.
9) John’s never hungry in the morning. …………. John’s never hungry at night.
10) He rarely smokes in the morning. …………….. He rarely smokes at night.
11) She’s usually absent in the morning. ……….. She isn’t usually absent at night.
12) He seldom runs in the morning. ……………….. He seldom runs at night.
13) He’s seldom late in the morning. ………………. He’s seldom late at night.
14) He’s never busy in the morning. ………………. He’s never busy at night.
15) He’s rarely absent in the morning. …………….. He’s rarely absent at night.
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Exercise 13. Listen carefully to the teacher’s statement and question. Answer the question using the same
adverb of frequency that the teacher uses in the question. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements and questions : ………………………… Answers using adverbs of frequency :
John often wears blue shirts. Does he always wear blue shirts?.. No, he doesn’t always wear blue shirts.
Mrs. Miller seldom drinks tea. Does she usually drink tea? ……. No, she doesn’t usually drink tea.
1) Mr. Miller seldom has water with dinner.

Does he usually have water with dinner? ………… No, he doesn’t usually have water with dinner.
2) Bob sometimes watches T.V. at night.
Does he always watch T.V. at night? ………………. No, he doesn’t always watch T.V. at night.
3) John often listens to the radio at 8 P.M. …….....
Does he always listen to the radio at 8 P.M.? .. No, he doesn’t always listen to the radio at 8 P.M.
4) Paul does his homework every night.
Does he always do his homework? ………………. Yes, he always does his homework.
5) Mr. Allen usually has milk with dinner.
Does he usually have beer with dinner? …………. No, he doesn’t usually have beer with dinner.
6) Mary eats at a restaurant at noon every day.
Does she always eat lunch at a restaurant? …… No, she doesn’t always eat lunch at a restaurant.
7) Mr. Miller eats breakfast every day.
Does he always eat breakfast? ………………………. Yes, he always eats breakfast.
8) Mr. Miller often eats sandwiches for lunch.
Does he always eat sandwiches for lunch?........ No, he doesn’t always eat sandwiches for lunch.
9) Mr. Allen usually studies at home.
Does he usually study in the library? …………….. No, he doesn’t usually study in the library.
10) John sometimes eats apple pie.
Does he usually eat apple pie? ………………………. No, he doesn’t usually eat apple pie.
Exercise 14. Listen to the affirmative statement about John. Make a negative statement about Paul.
Teacher’s affirmative statements about John :

Negative statements about Paul : Listen examples:
John needs some pencils. ………………………………… Paul doesn’t need any pencils.
John is buying some books. …………………………….. Paul isn’t buying any books. Continue the practice.
1) John is buying some apples. ………………………. Paul isn’t buying any apples.
2) John is singing some songs. ………………………. Paul isn’t singing any songs.
3) John is repeating some words. ………………….. Paul isn’t repeating any words.
4) John is looking at some pictures. ……………….. Paul isn’t looking at any pictures.
5) John is moving some chairs. …………………….. Paul isn’t moving any chairs.
6) John is making some sandwiches. ……………… Paul isn’t making any sandwiches.
7) John is eating some apples. ……………………… Paul isn’t eating any apples.
8) John needs some books. …………………………. Paul doesn’t need any books.
9) John wants some sandwiches. …………………. Paul doesn’t want any sandwiches.
10) John has some stamps. ……………………………. Paul doesn’t have any stamps.
11) John sees some flowers. …………………………… Paul doesn’t see any flowers.
12) John wants some magazines. ……………………. Paul doesn’t want any magazines.
13) John needs some new shirts. ……………………. Paul doesn’t need any new shirts.
14) John has some letters. ……………………………… Paul doesn’t have any letters.
15) John sees some grammar books. ………………. Paul doesn’t see any grammar books.
16) John needs some red ink. …………………………. Paul doesn’t need any red ink.
17) John is going to buy some ink. …………………. Paul isn’t going to buy any ink?
18) John is going to write some letters. ………….. Paul isn’t going to write any letters.
19) John is going to read some books. …………… Paul isn’t going to read any books.
20) John is going to drink some coffee. ………….. Paul isn’t going to drink any coffee.
21) John is going to make some sandwiches. …… Paul isn’t going to make any sandwiches.
22) John is going to have some milk. ……………… Paul isn’t going to have any milk.
23) John is going to eat some fruit. ………………. Paul isn’t going to eat any fruit.
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Exercise 15.Substitute the words and make the necessary changes.(Use any in the questions and in the
negatives statements) Initial statement: “I have some potatoes.” Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words: …………………. New statements (affirmatine,negative and questions):….
I don’t have ………………………. I don’t have any potatoes.
Do you have …………………….. Do you have any potatoes? , or Do you have some potatoes?
Bread ………………………………… Do you have any bread?, or Do you have some bread?
He doesn’t have ………………….. He doesn’t have any bread. Continue the practice.
1) Did he have …………………….. Did he have any bread?, or : Did he have some bread?
2) He has ………………………….. He has some bread.
3) Coffee …………………………….. He has some coffee.
4) Do they have ………………….. Do they have any coffee? or : Do they have some coffee?
5) Do you need ………………….. Do you need any coffee? or : Do you need some coffee?
6) I need …………………………….. I need some coffee.
7) She needed …………………….. She needed some coffee.
8) John doesn’t need ……………. John doesn’t need any coffee.
9) Mrs. Miller doesn’t have ….. Mrs. Miller doesn’t have any coffee.
10) I don’t need ………………….. I don’t need any coffee.
11) We want ……………………….. We want some coffee.
12) Bread ……………………………. We want some bread.
13) The dog is eating ……………. The dog is eating some bread.
14) John didn’t eat ………………. John didn’t eat any bread.
15) Mrs. Miller has ……………….. Mrs. Miller has some bread.
16) Does she have ………………… Does she have any bread? or : Does she have some bread?
17) She doesn’t have ……………. She doesn’t have any bread.
18) Coffee ………………………….. She doesn’t have any coffee.
19) Shoes ……………………………. She doesn’t have any shoes.
20) Stamps …………………………….. She doesn’t have any stamps.
21) She needs ………………………. She needs some stamps.
22) Fruit ………………………………. She needs some fruit.
23) Does she need …..……………. Does she need any fruit? or : Does she need some fruit?
Exercise 16. Practice short answers with some and any . Answer the teacher’s questions individually.
Teacher’s questions: ………………………………………………………………

Short answers:….. Listen.. examples:
Do you see any books? ……………………………………………………. Yes, I see some.

Do you know any engineers? ………………………………………………… No, I don’t know any./(Yes, I know some.)
1) Do you see any students? ………………………………………………

Yes,I see some. or: No, I don’t see any.
2) Do you know any American song? …………………………………….
Yes, I know some.
3) Do you need any pens? …………………………………………………. No, I don’t need any.
4) Do you have any stamps? …………………………………………….
No, I don’t have any.
5) Do you see any stamps? ………………………………………………
No, I don’t see any.
6) Are you going to buy some stamps today? ………………………..
No, I’m not going to buy any.
7) Did you learn any new words yesterday? ………………………..
Yes, I learned some. ,or Yes, I did.
(or No, I didn’t learn any; or No, I didn’t)
8) Do you see any books? …………………………………………………….. Yes, I see some./ No, I don’t see any.
9) Do you see any pencils? …………………………………………………… Yes, I see some.
10) Do you have any pens? ……………………………………………………. No, I don’t have any./ Yes, I have some.
End of Structure Lesson 5
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Lesson 6
The articles: the, a, an. Examples: I bought a comb; the pencil is red; I want an egg.
Count and noncount nouns: Examples….: a pencil, an egg ; some ink.
Quantity expressions: much, many, few, a few, a little, a lot of.

Examples: a few apples, many apples, a lot of apples; a little water, much water, a lot of water.
Demonstratives: this, that, these, those.
Examples: This book is green. That bird is yellow. I need these books. I like those animals.
Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their.
Examples: My car is red. Your father is here. He washed his hands. Her hair is black. Its tail was short.
We need our books. Do you wash your hands every day? They need their houses cleaned.
Exercise 1. Contrast the use of definite and indefinite articles. The teacher will use the article a/an to
introduce a topic. Give a short answer to the question. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements and questions : ……………………………………………………………………………. Answers: ……
I bought a pencil and a book. What did I read? ………………………………………………………. The book.
I bought a pen and a comb. What did I write with? ………………………………………………. The pen.
1) John bought a pencil and an apple. What did he eat? …………………………………………. The apple.
2) Mary bought a newspaper and a key. What did she read? ………………………………….. The newspaper.
3) Mr. Allen bought a knife and an umbrella. What did he cut the apple with? …………. The knife.
4) Mrs. Allen bought a chair and a watch. What did she sit on? ………………………………. The chair.
5) Mr. Miller bought a chair and a car. What did he drive? ………………………………………. The car.
6) Robert bought a pen and a spoon. What did he eat ice cream with? ……………………. The spoon.
7) Paul bought a shirt and a comb. What did he wear? …………………………………………….. The shirt.
8) George bought a toothbrush and an apple. What did he eat? ……………………………….. The apple.
9) Mary bought a pencil and a book. What did she write with? ……………………………….. The pencil.
10) Mr. Miller bought a newspaper and an orange. What did he read? ………………………. The newspaper.
Exercise 2.Substitute the words which are given.Use the article the where an article is necessary.
Initial statement : “I’m going to see the professor”.

Teacher’s words : ……….. New statements with substituted words:………………….
Professor Miller ……….. I’m going to see professor Miller.
Doctor …………………… I’m going to see the doctor. .........................................Continue the practice.
1) Doctor Allen ……………. I’m going to see Doctor Allen.
2) Miss Smith …………… .. I’m going to see Miss Smith.
3) United states ……………. I’m going to see the United States.
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4) Canada ………………… I’m going to see Canada.
5) Pacific Ocean ……………. I’m going to see the Pacific Ocean.
6) Pennsylvania Avenue … I’m going to see Pennsylvania Avenue.
7) Fifth Avenue ………… I’m going to see Fifth Avenue.
8) New York City ……….. I’m going to see New York.
9) South America ………. I’m going to see South America.
10) Colombia ……………… I’m going to see Colombia.
11) Professor ……………… I’m going to see the professor.
12) Professor Taylor ……. I’m going to see Professor Taylor.
Exercise 3. Substitute the words which are given. Use the article the when necessary.
Initial statement : “ John is studying music “. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words : ……………………….. New statements with substituted words : .

Music of Mozart …………………….. John is studying the music of Mozart.
Philosophy ………………………….. John is studying philosophy. Continue the practice.
1) Philosophy of Aristotle ……. John is studying the philosophy of Aristotle.

2) History ……………………… John is studying history.
3) History of Thailand ……….. John is studying the history of Thailand.
4) Music …………………………. John is studying music,
5) Music of Mexico …………… John is studying the music of Mexico.
6) Mexican music ……………. John is studying Mexican Music. (without identifying phrase)
7) Algebra ……………………. John is studying algebra.
8) Art …………………………. John is studying art.
9) Art of the Netherlands ……. John is studying the art of the Netherlands.
10) Architecture …………………. John is studying architecture.
11) Architecture of Greece …… John is studying the architecture of Greece.
12) Greek architecture ………… John is studying Greek Architecture. ( without identifying phrase)
13) Architecture of Greece ….. John is studying the architecture of Greece.
14) English ……………………….. John is studying English.
15) Japanese ……………………….. John is studying Japanese.
Exercise 4. Initial statement : “Mary likes television “

Teacher’s words: ……………………… New statements : …………………………………
Milk ……………………………………. Mary likes milk.
History …………………………………, Mary likes history.
1) American history ……………… Mary likes American history.

2) History of the United States … Mary likes the history of the United States.
3) Coffee ………………………… Mary likes coffee.
4) Philosophy of Aristotle ………. Mary likes the philosophy of Aristotle.
5) History ………………………………. Mary likes history.
6) History of Thailand ……………. Mary likes the history of Thailand.
7) Music ………………………………… Mary likes music.
8) Music of Mexico ……………….. Mary likes the music of Mexico.
9) Mexican music ………………… Mary likes Mexican music.
10) Algebra ……………………………. Mary likes algebra.
11) Art ……………………………………. Mary likes art.
12) Art of the Netherlands ………… Mary likes the art of the Netherlands.
13) Architecture …………………….. Mary likes architecture.
14) Architecture of Greece. ………. Mary likes the architecture of Greece.
15) Greek architecture ……………. Mary likes Greek architecture.
16) English ……………………………… Mary likes English.
17) Japanese ………………………….. Mary likes Japanese.
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Exercise 5. In this exercise the words preceded by some are noncount nouns. The words preceded by
a/an are count nouns.( “ Would you like an apple? “ is a polite way of asking “Do you want an apple? “)
A)Teacher’s words : ……. Student(A) questions: …………………….............. Student (B) answers: ……..
An apple ………………….. Would you like an apple? …………………………. Yes, please.(or No, thank you.)
Some bread ………………. Would you like some bread? ………………………. Yes, please.(or No, thank you.)
1)an orange …………………. Would you like an orange? ………No : ……………. No, thank you.
2)some orange juice ……. Would you like some orange juice? …Yes :..…….. Yes, please.
3)some coffee ………….. Would you like some coffee? ………Yes :………… Yes, please.
4) a sandwich ……………. Would you like a sandwich? ………No :………… No, thank you.
5)some tomato juice …… Would you like some tomato juice? … No: ………. No, thank you.
6) some soup …………… Would you like some soup? …………. Yes : ……… Yes, please.
7) a hot dog …………….. Would you like a hot dog? …………. Yes: ………. Yes, please.
8) a banana ……………. Would you like a banana? ………… Yes : …….. Yes, please.
9)some tea …………….. Would you like some tea? …………….. No: ……….. No, thank you.
10)some sugar ………….. Would you like some sugar? ………… Yes: ………… Yes, please.
11)an egg ………………. Would you like an egg? ……………… No : ……….. No, thank you.
12)some fruit ……………. Would you like some fruit? ……………. Yes : ………. Yes, please.
13)some milk …………… Would you like some milk? ………….. No : ………….. No, thank you.
B) Repeating of the above exercise but without the cue teacher’s articles ,leaving out “ a/an , some “:
Teacher’s words :…….. Student(A) questions:……………………..Yes/No………….. Student(B) answers: ……
Apple Would you like an apple? Yes : Yes, please.
Bread Would you like some bread? Yes : Examples

Yes, please.
1)orange ………………. Would you like an orange? No : No, thank you.
2)orange juice ………… Would you like some orange juice? Yes : Yes, please.
3) coffee Would you like any coffee? Yes : Yes, please.
4)sandwich Would you like a sandwich? No : No, thank you.
5) tomato juice Would you like some tomato juice? No: No, thank you.
6)soup Would you like some soup? Yes : Yes, please.
7)hot dog Would you like a hot dog? Yes : Yes, please.
8)banana Would you like a banana? Yes : Yes, please.

9)tea Would you like some tea? No : No, thank you.
10)sugar Would you like some sugar? Yes : Yes, please.
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11)egg Would you like an egg? No : No, thank you.
12)fruit Would you like some fruit? Yes : Yes, please.
13)milk Would you like some milk? No : No, thank you.
Exercise 6. Practice of a, an and some with nouns. Substitute the words into the statement and make
the necessary changes. Initial statement : “ He’s going to buy a car tomorrow .“
Teacher’s words : …………

New statements:……………………………………………... Listen to the examples:
house He’s going to buy a house tomorrow.
apples He’s going to buy some apples tomorrow.
fruit He’s going to buy some fruit tomorrow. Continue the practice.
1) table He’s going to buy a table tomorrow.

2) chairs He’s going to buy some chairs tomorrow.
3) furniture He’s going to buy some furniture tomorrow.
4) tomatoes He’s going to buy some tomatoes tomorrow.
5) tomato soup He’s going to buy some tomato soup tomorrow.
6) bananas He’s going to buy some bananas tomorrow.
7) bread He’s going to buy some bread tomorrow.
8) cheese He’s going to buy some cheese tomorrow.
9) book He’s going to buy a book tomorrow.
10) books He’s going to buy some books tomorrow.
11) soap He’s going to buy some soap tomorrow.
12) toothbrush He’s going to buy a toothbrush tomorrow.
13) toothpaste He’s going to buy some toothpaste tomorrow.
14) orange juice He’s going to buy some orange juice tomorrow.
15) coffee He’s going to buy some coffee tomorrow.
16) milk He’s going to buy some milk tomorrow.
17) sandwich He’s going to buy a sandwich tomorrow.
18) butter He’s going to buy some butter tomorrow.
19) car He’s going to buy a car tomorrow.
20) chalk He’s going to buy some chalk tomorrow.
Exercise 7. Words such as cup, slice, piece, bit ,loaf, are often used with noncounts nouns. For
example : a cup of coffee, a slice of bread, a piece of paper, a bit of news. Listen to the teacher’s
sentences and form a new statement with them. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s sentences : ……………………………………………………………… New statements : ………………
I need some paper. I need two pieces. I need two pieces of paper.
I’m going to eat some bread. I’m going to eat two slices. I’m going to eat two slices of bread.
John needs some ink. He needs one bottle.

John needs a bottle of ink. Examples

1) Mary is going to buy some ink. She is going to buy two bottles Mary is going to buy two bottles of ink.
2) Mary wants some chalk. She wants two pieces. Mary wants two pieces of chalk.
3) Mr. Miller bought some milk. He bought two bottles. Mr. Miller bought two bottles of milk.
4) Mr. Miller is going to drink some milk.He is going to drink two glasses. Mr. Miller is going to drink two glasses of milk.
5) John drank some water. He drank two glasses. John drank two glasses of water.
6) Mary drank some coffee. She drank four cups. Mary drank four cups of coffee.
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7) Mrs. Miller bought some bread. She bought one loaf. Mrs. Miller bought one loaf of bread.
8) Mr. Miller is going to eat some bread. He is going to eat three slices. Mr. Miller is going to eat three slices of bread.
9) John is going to eat some toast. He is going to eat two slices. John is going to eat two slices of toast.
10) Mary bought some soap. She bought three bars. Mary bought three bars of soap.
11) Mary bought some butter. She bought one pound. Mary bought one pound of butter.
12) John bought some toothpaste. He bought one tube. John bought one tube of toothpaste.
Exercise 8. Practice the use of count nouns and noncount nouns. Substitute the words into the
statement. Use the plural form of count nouns.
Initial statement : “ That store sells pens “. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words : ……… New statements : ………………………………………………………………..

pencil That store sells pencils.
ink That store sells ink. . Continue the practice.
1) apple That store sells apples.

2) coffee That store sells coffee.
3) milk That store sells milk.
4) banana That store sells bananas,
5) bread That store sells bread.
6) orange That store sells oranges.
7) fruit That store sells oranges.
8) soap That store sells soap.
9) apple That store sells apples.
10) butter That store sells butter.
11) tea That store sells tea.
12) radio That store sells radios.
13) chair That store sells chairs.
14) table That store sells tables.
15) furniture That store sells furniture.
16) tomato That store sells tomatoes.
17) tomato juice That store sells tomato juice.
18) fruit That store sells fruit.
Exercise 9. Practice the use of a little and a few.
Teacher’s questions an d words :………..

Students’ answers : ………… Listen to the examples:
ink : Do you need any ink? Yes, just a little, please.
tomatoes : Do you need any tomatoes? Yes, just a few, please.
1) butter: Do you need any butter? Yes, just a little, please.

2) pencils: Do you need any pencils? Yes, just a few, please.
3) water : Do you need any water? Yes, just a little, please.
4) bananas: Do you need any bananas? Yes, just a few, please.
5) money : Do you need any money? Yes, just a little , please.
6) bread : Do you need any bread? Yes, just a little , please.
7) chairs : Do you need any chairs? Yes, just a few, please.
8) sugar : Do you need any sugar? Yes, just a little, please.
9) gasoline : Do you need any gasoline? Yes, just a little, please.
10) eggs : Do you need any eggs? Yes, just a few, please.
11) stamps : Do you need any stamps? Yes, just a few, please.
12) envelopes : Do you need any envelopes? Yes, just a few, please.
13) information : Do you need any information? Yes, jus a little, please.
14) time : Do you need any time? Yes, just a little, please.
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15) help : Do you need any help? Yes, just a little, please.
Exercise 10. Substitute a few and a little in place of a small number or a small quantity . Substitute
a lot of in place of a large number or a large quantity. ( When students respond individually, much and many
may also be used ).
Teacher’s statements : …………………………………………… New students’ statements:………………………..
John drinks a large quantity of coffee. John drinks a lot of coffee.
I need a small quantity of sugar. I need a little sugar.
Mary has a small number of good friends. Mary has a few good friends.
I didn’t see a large number of students. I didn’t see a lot of students.
or ( I didn’t see many students.). Continue the practice.
1) They have small quantity of money. They have a little money.

2) He has a small number of apples. He has a few apples.
3) We don’t have a large number of classes today. We don’t have many classes today.
4) We need a large quantity of bread. We need a lot of bread.
5) Do you drink a large quantity of milk? Do you drink much milk? /Do you drink a lot of milk?
6) Does John have a large number of ties? Does John have many ties?
7) Mary drinks a small quantity of coffee. Mary drinks a little coffee.
8) We usually buy a small quantity of soap. We usually buy a little soap.
9) We usually buy a small number of bars of soap. We usually buy a few bars of soap.
10) He doesn’t usually buy a large number of pencils. He doesn’t usually buy many pencils.
11) John doesn’t eat a large quantity of fruit. John doesn’t eat much fruit.
12) Americans don’t drink a large quantity of tea. Americans don’t drink a lot of tea.
13) Mary doesn’t have a large number of books. Mary doesn’t have many books.
14) Children need a large quantity of milk. Children need a lot of milk.
15) This newspaper doesn’t give a great deal of news. This newspaper doesn’t give much news.
16) John doesn’t drink a large quantity of fruit juice.. John doesn’t drink much fruit juice in the…..
……in the morning. …..morning.
Exercise 11. Practice the use of how much and how many in questions and a little and a few in
answers. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s words:….. Student(A) questions:………………………………....... Student(B) answers:…………….
ink How much ink did you buy? Only a little. (Only a few bottles.)
apples How many apples did you buy? Only a few. .
1) books How many books did you buy? Only a few.

2) coffee How much coffee did you buy? Only a little.
3) combs How many combs did you buy? Only a few.
4) eggs How many eggs did you buy? Only a few.
5) beer How much beer did you buy? Only a little.
6) hot dogs How many hot dogs did you buy? Only a few.
7) ice cream How much ice cream did you buy? Only a little.
8) lamps How many lamps did you buy? Only a few.
9) wine How much wine did you buy? Only a little.
10) magazines How many magazines did you buy? Only a few.
11) milk How much milk did you buy? Only a little.
12) newspapers How many newspapers did you buy? Only a few.
13) orange juice How much orange juice did you buy? Only a little.
14) bread How much bread did you buy? Only a little.
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15) soap How much soap did you buy? Only a little.
16) butter How much butter did you buy? Only a little.
17) pens How many pens did you buy? Only a few.
18) tea How much tea did you buy? Only a little.
19) pencils How many pencils did you buy? Only a few.
20) shirts How many shirts did you buy? Only a few.
21) stamps How many stamps did you buy? Only a few.
22) tomato juice How much tomato juice did you buy? Only a little.
23) tooth paste How much tooth paste did you buy? Only a little.
24) tooth brushes How many tooth brushes did you buy? Only a few.
Exercise 12. Listen to the questions, which contain quantity expressions. Answer the questions with
the negative forms.
QUANTITY EXPRESSIONS NEGATIVE QUANTITY EXPRESIONS

many not many
much not much
all not all

. any none (not any) . Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s questions : ………………………………………… Students’ negative answers :…………………………..
Do many of the students write letters? No, not many of the students write letters.
Are any of the students sick? No, none of the students are sick.
1) Are all of the books here? No, not all of the books are here.
2) Was much of the coffee hot? No, not much of the coffee was hot.
3) Do any of the students want a ticket? No, none of the students want a ticket.
4) Do all of the students speak Spanish? No, not all of the students speak Spanish.
5) Is any of the food ready? No, not any of the food is ready./No, none of the food is ready.
6) Are any of the exercises difficult? No, none of the exercises are difficult.
7) Do many of the students live in apartments. No, not many of the students live in apartments.
8) Was much of the discussion interesting? No, not much of the discussion was interesting.
9) Is any of the bread fresh? No, none of the bread is fresh.
10) Are any of the apples good? No, none of the apples are good.
11) Were many of the students at the meeting? No, not many of the students were at the meeting.
12) Is any of the milk good? No, none of the milk is good.
13) Are all of the stories interesting? No, not all of the stories are interesting.
14) Is any of the chalk broken? No, none of the chalk is broken.
15) Is any of the news important? No, none of the news is important.
Exercise 13. For advanced students. As in the preceding exercise, answer the questions with the
negative forms, not many, not much, not all, and none. Then add an appropriate second statement which
contains a few, a little, some or all.( The pronouns them and it may be used in the second sentence.)
.
Teacher’s questions : …………………………………………… Students’ negative answers: ….(Listen to the examples:
Are all of the books here? No, not all of the books are here. Only some of them are here.
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Is any of the chalk green?................................................ No, none of the chalk is green. All of it is white. .
1) Are any of the questions difficult? No, none of the questions are difficult. All of them are easy.
2) Do many of the students live in an apartment? No, not many of them live in an apartment. Only a few of them.
3) Are any of the students sick? No, none of the students are sick. All of them are good.
4) Do many of the students write letters? No, not many of them write letters. Only some of them.
5) Was much of the discussion interesting? No, not much of the discussion was interesting. Only some of it.
6) Are many of the books open? No, not many of the books are open. Only some of them are open.
7) Are many of the apples good? No, not many of the apples are good. Only a few of them.
8) Is any of the ink red? No, none of the ink is red. All of it is blue.
9) Are all of the pencils long? No, not all of the pencils are long. Only some of them are long.
10) Do any of the students eat breakfast in class? No, none of the students eat breakfast in class.All of them eat it at home.
11) Is any of the bread soft? No, none of the bread is soft. All of it is medium or hard.
12) Are all of the books green? No, not all of the books are green. Only some of them are green.
13) Is much of the furniture new? No, not much of the furniture is new. Only some of it is new.
14)Were many of the students at the meeting? No, not many of the students were at the meeting. Only a few of them.
15) Is any of the milk good? No, none of the milk was good. All of it was spoiled (rotten).
16) Are all of the stories interesting? No, not all of the stories are interesting. Only some of them.
17) Is all of the news good? No, not all of the news is good. Only a little of it is good.
18) Did the students eat much of the fruit? No, not much of the fruit was eaten by the students. Only a little of it.
Exercise 14. Listen to the statements and the words here and there. Repeat the statements and use the
appropriate demonstrative. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s statements : ………………………………….. Here/There New students’ statements : ……………………………………..
The exercises are easy. There Those exercises are easy.
The university is large. Here This university is large.
The lessons are easy. Here These lessons are easy.
The book is green . There That book is green. Continue the practice.
1) The chairs are comfortable. Here These chairs are comfortable.

2) The ideas are new and interesting. Here These ideas are new and interesting.
3) The student comes from Peru. There That student comes from Peru.
4) The students come from Venezuela. There Those students come from Venezuela.
5) The book has a green cover. Here This book has a green cover.
6) The girl is beautiful. There That girl is beautiful.
7) The news is exciting. There That news is exciting.
8) I like the dictionary. Here I like this dictionary.
9) I like the pencils. There I like those pencils.
10) I like the drugstore Here I like this drugstore.
11) I need the books. Here I need these books.
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Exercise 15. Practice the use of possessives of nouns.
Teacher’s words:…………… New students’ statements with possessives: …………………………

Mary washed her hands.
I I washed my hands.
John John washed his hands. . Continue the practice.

1) Mrs. Miller Mrs. Miller washed her hands.
2) George and Paul George and Paul washed their hands.
3) The students The students washed their hands.
4) We We washed our hands.
5) The man The man washed his hands.
6) Mary Mary washed her hands.
7) Mr. and Mrs. Allen Mr. and Mrs. Allen washed their hands.
8) You You washed you hands.
9) You and I You and I washed our hands.
10) You and John You and John washed your hands.
11) I I washed my hands. .
Exercise 16. Change the teacher’s present progressive statements into simple present tense questions.
Use the corresponding pronouns and possessives of nouns.
Teacher’s statements :…………… …
New students’ questions with possessives. Listen to the examples:
Mary is leaving. Does she have her books?
John is leaving. Does he have his books?

The students are leaving. Do they have their books? .Continue the practice.
1) John and Mary are leaving. Do they have their books?

2) Miss Smith is leaving. Does she have her books?
3) Bill is leaving. Does he have his books?
4) The man is leaving. Does he have his books?
5) The woman is leaving. Does she have her books?
6) The boy is leaving. Does he have his books?
7) My wife is leaving. Does she have her books?
8) My son is leaving. Does he have his books?
9) Your father is leaving. Does he have his books?
10) George and Paul are leaving. Do they have their books?
11) We are leaving. Do we have our books?
12) Your mother is leaving, Does she have her books?
13) You and I are leaving. Do we have our books?
14) Your friend is leaving. Does he have his books?
Use and meaning of demonstratives:
Closer to speaker : Farther from speaker: ………
Singular: this Singular : that
Plural : these Plural : those
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Lesson 7
Requests . Please : Please read your book./Would you please open your books./Please don’t open them.
: Will you please….. ; Won’t you please…. ; Could you please….. ;
Let’s : Let’s watch T.V. ; Let’s not watch T.V.

Irregular nouns : man …. men ; gentleman ……. gentlemen ; policeman …….. policemen ;
businessman……. businessmen ; woman ….. women ; child …..children ;
wife ….. wives ; knife ….. knives ; loaf ….. loaves ; shelf ….. shelves ;
foot ….. feet ; tooth …. teeth ; mouse …. mice ; sheep ….sheep;
fish …. fish ; only in plural forms : people , police , clothes
The noun substitute “ one “ : Examples: I’m going to buy one tomorrow./ I saw one yesterday./
The use of “ other” and “another “ .Examples : I have another one at home./The other one is new./
The object forms of pronouns: Singular Plural
1(person) me us
2 (person) you you
3(person) him, her, it them
Examples: He sees me . / She sees you . / It followed him. /

Exercise 1.Form polite request sentences with the suggested words. A second student will respond
with : Yes, I’d be glad to. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s words:………………….. Student(A) sentences: ………………………….. Student(B) answer:….
close the window Would you please close the window. Yes, I’d be glad to.
open your book Would you please open your book. Yes, I’d be glad to.
1) read the sentence Would you please read the sentence. Yes, I’d be glad to.
2) write your name Would you please write your name. Yes, I’d be glad to.
3) translate the sentence Would you please translate the sentence. Yes, I’d be glad to.
4) close the door Would you please close the door. Yes, I’d be glad to.
5) go to the store Would you please go to the store. Yes, I’d be glad to.
6) pass the salt Would you please pass the salt. Yes, I’d be glad to.
7) walk to the blackboard Would you please walk to the blackboard. Yes, I’d be glad to.
8) give me the notebook Would you please give me the notebook. Yes, I’d be glad to.
9) cash this check Would you please cash this check. Yes, I’d be glad to.
10) write with a pen Would you please write with a pen Yes, I’d be glad to.
11) pass the sugar Would you please pass the sugar. Yes, I’d be glad to.
12) lend me your pencil Would you please lend me your pencil. Yes, I’d be glad.
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Exercise 2. Form negative request sentences.
Teacher’s statements:………………………………. Negative request sentences:…

George speaks rapidly. Please don’t speak rapidly.
George is usually late. Pleas e don’t be late. . Continue the practice.
1) George drives fast. Please don’t drive fast.

2) George wastes time. Please don’t waste time.
3) George writes with red ink. Please don’t write with red ink.
4) George often misses class. Please don’t miss class.
5) George often smokes in class. Please don’t smoke in class.
6) George speaks fast. Please, don’t speak fast.
7) George often forgets to say, “Thank you.” Please, don’t forget to say, “Thank you.”
8) George sometimes sleeps late. Please don’t sleep late.
Exercise 3. Form request sentences that include the speaker

Teacher’s statements:……………….. Request sentences including the speaker:…………..
sing some songs Let’s sing some songs.
go to the movies Let’s go to the movies.

write some letters Let’s write some letters. . Continue the practice.
1) speak English Let’s speak English.

2) go to class Let’s go to class.
3) go to the museum Let’s go to the museum.
4) go to the new restaurant Let’s go to the new restaurant.
5) to the movies Let’s go to the movies.
6) go to Los Angeles Let’s go to Los Angeles.
7) sing some songs Let’s sing some songs.
8) write some letters Let’s write some letters.
9) play baseball Let’s play baseball.
10) play basketball Let’s play basketball.
11) play tennis Let’s play tennis.
12) play ping pong Let’s play ping pong.
Exercise 4 .Form a negative request sentence. Then add an affirmative request. Listen –examples:

Teacher’s requests: ……………………… Negative request sentences:…….. Affirmative request sentences…
Let’s open the window. No, let’s not open the window. Let’s open the door.
Let’s go to the movies. No, let’s not go the movies. Let’s watch television. .
1) Let’s speak rapidly. No, let’s not speak rapidly. Let’s speak slowly.
2) Let’s study in the morning. No, let’s not study in the morning. Let’s study in the afternoon.
3) Let’s eat dinner now. No, let’s not eat dinner now. Let’s eat dinner in the evening.
4) Let’s walk fast. No, let’s not walk fast. Let’s walk slowly.
5) Let’s go to the concert. No, let’s not go to the concert. Let’s go the party.
6) Let’s use red ink. No, let’s not use red ink. Let’s use black ink.
7) Let’s listen to the radio. No, let’s not listen to the radio. Let’s watch T.V.
8) Let’s write letters. No, let’s not write letters. Let’s listen the news.
9) Let’s sing songs. No, let’s not sing songs. Let’s go to the park.
10) Let’s play tennis. No, let’s not play tennis. Let’s play basketball.
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Exercise 5. Practice irregular plurals.
Teacher’s singular statements:…….. New plural statements:……………

I see a man. I see two men.
I see a gentleman I see two gentlemen.
I see a woman I see two women. .Continue the practice.

1) child I see two children.
2) knife I see two knives.
3) foot I see two feet.
4) tooth I see two teeth.
5) mouse I see two mice.
6) sheep I see two sheep.
7) fish I see two fish.
8) salesman I see two salesmen.
Exercise 6. Substitute the following words and make the necessary changes.
Initial statement : “ The man is here “

Teacher’s words:……… New statements with substituted words:……...............

are The men are here.
the child The child is here.
the people The people are here.

interesting The people are interesting. . Continue the practice.
1) the news The news is interesting.

2) bad The news is bad.
3) the tooth The tooth is bad.
4) are The teeth are bad.
5) were The teeth were bad.
6) good The teeth were good.
7) the knives The knives were good.
8) is The knife is good.
9) the news The news is good.
10) the man The man is good.
11) happy The man is happy.
12) are The men are happy.
13) the woman The woman is happy.
14) the women The women are happy.
15) the children The children are happy.
16) is The child is happy.
17) the wives The wives are happy.
18) is The wife is happy.
19) the people The people are happy.
20) good The people are good.
21) here The people here are good.
22) the police The police here are good.
23) the man The man here is good.
24) were The men here were good.
25) the knife The knife here were good.
26) the children The children here were good.
27) was The child here was good.
28) the woman The woman here was good.
29) the police The police here were good.
30) the people The people here were good.
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Exercise 7. Practice the use of “one” and “some” as nouns substitutes. Use tomorrow in your answer.

Teacher’s past tense questions:…………. Answers with tomorrow and “one”/”some” substitutes:…..
Did you write a letter today? No, I’m going to write “one” tomorrow.
Did you buy some apples today? No, I’m going to buy “some” tomorrow. Continue the practice.
1) Did you buy a pen today? No, I’m going to buy one tomorrow.
2) Did you buy some stamps today? No, I’m going buy some tomorrow.
3) Did you read a newspaper today? No, I’m going to read one tomorrow.
4) Did you learn any words today? No, I’m going to learn some tomorrow.
5) Did you get some milk today? No, I’m going to get some tomorrow.
6) Did you buy a magazine today? No, I’m going to buy one tomorrow.
7) Did you visit a museum today? No, I’m going to visit one tomorrow.
8) Did you make any sandwich today? No, I’m going to make one tomorrow.
9) Did you eat an egg for breakfast today? No, I’m going to eat on tomorrow.
10) Did you talk to a lawyer this morning? No, I’m going to talk to one tomorrow.
11) Did you sing any songs today? No, I’m going to sing some tomorrow.
12) Did you bring a book today? No, I’m going to bring one tomorrow.
(Continue as above using “one” and “it” in the responses.)
13) Did you buy a pen yesterday? No, I’m going to buy one tomorrow.
14) Did you buy that pen yesterday? No, I ‘m going to buy it tomorrow.
15) Did you read a newspaper today? No, I’m going to read one tomorrow.
16) Did you read the New York Times yesterday? No, I’m going to read it tomorrow.
17) Did you visit a museum today? No, I’m going to visit one tomorrow.
18) Did you visit the Art museum today? No, I’m going to visit it tomorrow.
19) Did you bring a book today? No, I’m going to bring one tomorrow.
20) Did you bring the grammar book? No, I’m going to bring it tomorrow.
Exercise 8. Practice the use of “another one”.

Teacher’s statements:……………………………............. New students’ statements: ……………………………………….
John is reading a magazine now. He’s going to read another one tomorrow.
Mr. Miller is singing a song now. He’s going to sing another one tomorrow.
1) Mr. Allen is writing a letter now. He’s going to write another one tomorrow.
2) George is reading a book now. He’s going to read another one tomorrow.
3) Tom is visiting a museum now. He’s going to visit another one tomorrow.
4) Bill is attending a concert now. He’s going to attend another one tomorrow.
5) Mr. Ross is eating a sandwich now. He’s going to eat another one tomorrow.
6) Mr. King is drinking a cup of coffee now. He’s going to drink another one tomorrow.
7) Mr. Taylor is painting a picture now. He’s going to paint another one tomorrow.
8) John is studying a lesson in the grammar book now. He’s going to study another one tomorrow.
9) George is learning a conversation now. He’s going to learn another one tomorrow.
10) Miss Ford is buying a book now. She’s going to buy another one tomorrow.
11) Mrs. Miller is singing a song now. She’s going to sing another one tomorrow.
12) The students are practicing a conversation now. They are going to practice another one tomorrow.
Exercise 9. Practice the use of “the other one “.
Teacher’s statements:…………………………………………….. New students’ statements: …………………………………….
Mr. Allen is going to write two letters. He’s writing one now. He’s going to write the other one tomorrow.
John is going to read two magazines. He’s reading one now. He’s going to read the other one tomorrow.
1) Mrs. Taylor is going to paint two pictures. She’s painting one now. She’s going to paint the other one tomorrow.
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2) George is going to read two books. He’s reading one now. He’s going to read another one tomorrow.
3) John is going to study two grammar lessons. He’s studying one now. He’s going to study another one tomorrow.
4) Tom is going to visit two museums. He’s visiting one now. He’s going to visit another one tomorrow.
5) Miss Ford is going to buy two hats. She’s buying one now. She’s going to buy another one tomorrow.
6)The students are going to practice two conversations. They’re practicing one now. They’re going to practice another one tomorrow.
Exercise 10. Listen to the statement about one student. Make a question about the other students,
using who, what, or where . ( Do the exercise once with the other students in the response .Then repeat it using
the others or the other ones. A second student can answer the question.) Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : …………………………… Student’s (A) questions :…… / Student’s (B) answers: …………..
One student is reading a magazine. A)What are the other students reading?
B) They’re reading some books.
One student is studying in the library. A) Where are the other students studying?
B) They’re studying at home. .
1) One student is drinking milk. A) What are the other students drinking? B) They’re drinking coke.
2) One student is eating in a restaurant. A) Where are the other students eating? B) They’re eating at home.
3) One student is buying some stamps. A) What are the other students buying? B) They’re buying some envelopes.
4) One student is learning some words. A) What are the other students learning? B) They’re learning some idioms.
5) One student is playing baseball. A) What are the other students playing? B) They’re playing soccer.
6) One student is sitting on a chair. A) Where are the other students sitting? B) They’re sitting on the floor.
7) One student is reading a lesson. A) What are the other students reading? B) They’re reading some novels.
8) One student is reading in the library. A) Where are the other students reading? B) They’re reading at home.
9) One student is waiting for Mr. Miller. A) Who are the other students waiting for? B) They’re waiting for their teacher.
10) One student is speaking English. A) What are the other students speaking? B) They’re speaking French.
11) One student is eating a hot dog. A) What are the other students eating? B) They’re eating some fruits.
12) One student is walking in the park. A) Where are the other students walking? B) They’re walking on the street.
13) One student is waiting for the bus. A) What are the other students waiting for? B) They’re waiting for the train.
14) One student is studying a grammar lesson. A) What are the other ones studying? B) They’re studying history.
15) One student is standing near the door. A) Where are the other ones standing? B) They’re standing by the window.
16) One student is eating an apple. A) What are the other students eating? B) They’re eating oranges.
17) One student is talking to Mr. Miller. A) Who are the other students talking to? B) They’re talking to Mr. Symonds.
18) One student is washing a shirt. A) What are the other students washing? B) They’re washing their jeans.
Exercise 10(B). Repeat the preceding exercise, but using the others or the other ones in the questions. A second student
can answer the question.
Teacher’s statements: Student’s (A) questions: …………………………………. Student’s (B) answers: ………………………………………….
1)One student is ………. What are the others drinking? They’re drinking orange juice.
2)One student is ………. What are the other ones learning? They’re learning some idiomatic expressions.
3)One student is………. What are the others buying? They’re buying pens and pencils.
4)One student is ……… What are the other ones learning? They’re learning some poems.
5) One student is ……. What are the others playing? They’re playing basketball.
6)One student is ……. Where are the other ones sitting? They’re sitting on benches.
7)One student is …… What are the others reading? They’re reading some magazines.
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8)One student is ……… Where are the other ones? They’re reading in their rooms.
9) One student is ……. Who are the others waiting for? They’re waiting for Dr. Hatch.
10) One student is …. What are the others speaking? They’re speaking German.
11) One student is …. What are the other ones eating? They’re eating hamburgers.
12) One student is ….. Where are the others walking? They’re walking on the sidewalk.
13) One student is …… What are the other ones waiting for? They’re waiting for the taxis and train.
14) One student is ….. What are the others studying? They’re studying physics and chemistry.
15) One student is ….. Where are the other ones standing? They’re standing by the kitchen.
16) One student is …… What are the others eating? They’re eating some bananas.
17) One student is ….. Who are the other ones talking to? They’re talking to Mr. Gomez.
18) One student is ….. What are the others washing? They’re washing some pants.
Exercise 11 . Listen to the statements. They are descriptions of something that occurs in the morning. The same
situation occurs at night. Describe the situation at night using “others “. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements: ………………………………………………………………….. New statements at night : ……………………………………
Four men work here in the morning. Four others work here at night.
A few students study in the morning. A few others study at night. .
1) Several students read a newspaper in the morning. Several others read a newspaper at night.
2) Sixteen people work here in the morning Sixteen others work here at night.
3) Three students eat there in the morning. Three others eat there at night.
4) Three people write letters in this room in the morning. Three others write letters in this room at night.
5) Many students study in the morning. Many others study at night.
6) Some teachers teach in the morning. Some others teach at night.
7) Ten students read books here in the morning. Ten others read books here at night.
8) Many students sing songs in the morning. Many others sing songs at night.
9) Three hundred automobiles leave the factory in the morning. Three hundred others leave the factory at night.
Exercise 12. Practice the object forms of the personal pronouns. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements:…………………………… New statements with object forms of personal pronouns:……..
John explained the question. John explained it.
They asked Mary. They asked her.
We followed John and Mary. We followed them.
The boys attended the class. The boys attended it. . Continue the practice.
1) The boys helped the girls. The boys helped them.

2) They studied word order. They studied it.
3) The teacher is explaining the pattern. The teacher is explaining it.
4) Mary answers John. Mary answers him. ,,
5) The class learned the word. The class learned it.
6) I received my books yesterday. I received them yesterday.
7) I helped the new students. I helped them.
8) I am going to see Mary tonight. I am going to see her tonight.
9) He is going to visit John. He is going to visit him.
10) I followed their car. I followed it.
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Exercise 13. Answer the question affirmatively using the subject and object forms of the personal pronouns. Use
the adverb yesterday in your answer. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s questions(in past tense) : …….. Affirmative answers ( using yesterday) and subject/object pronouns:….
Did Mary learn the new words? Yes, she learned them yesterday.
Did the students practice the conversation? Yes, they practiced it yesterday. . Continue the practice.
1) Did John help his friends? Yes, he helped them yesterday.

2) Did Mary study the lesson? Yes, she studied it yesterday.
3) Did Paul listen to the radio? Yes, he listened to it yesterday.
4) Did the students repeat the new words? Yes, they repeated them yesterday.
5) Did Mr. and Mrs. Miller look at the painting? Yes, they looked at it yesterday.
6) Did Mrs. Miller visit Mary? Yes, she visited her yesterday.
7) Did John move the table and chairs? Yes, he moved them yesterday.
8) Did Paul watch television? Yes, he watched it yesterday.
9) Did John pronounce the new words? Yes, he pronounced them yesterday.
10) Did Mary answer the letter? Yes, she pronounced it yesterday.
11) Did Mr. Miller visit Mr. Allen? Yes, he visited him yesterday.
12) Did Mrs. Miller talk to Mary? Yes, she talked to her yesterday.
Exercise 14. Practice the use of the personal pronouns and possessives by asking questions. Listen-examples:

Teacher’s statements : ……………………………… Questions, with personal pronouns and possessives:………………
John is leaving. Does he have his luggage with him?
Mary is leaving. Does she have her luggage with her?
John and Mary are leaving. Do they have their luggage with them? . Continue the practice.
1) Mr. Miller is leaving. Does he have his luggage with him?

2) My friends are leaving. Do they have their luggage with them?
3) My brother is leaving. Does he have his luggage with him?
4) My sister is leaving. Does she have her luggage with her?
5) Mr. and Mrs. Miller are leaving. Do they have their luggage with them?
6) Mr. Ross is leaving. Does he have his luggage with him?
7) Mrs. Ross is leaving. Does she have her luggage with her?
8) My father is leaving. Does he have his luggage with him?
9) My parents are leaving. Do they have their luggage with them?
10) I am leaving. Do I have my luggage with me?
11) John and I are leaving. Do they have their luggage with them?
…………………………………………………………………………..
Let’s see some grammar topics about Personal Pronouns:
Subject forms of the personal pronouns: Object forms of the personal pronouns:
Singular Plural Singular Plural
1) I we me us
2) you you you you
3) he, she ,it they him, her, it them
Examples : He studied with me. / She is standing beside you. / They are coming near us./
I’m going to visit her. / It followed me. (the dog) / I talked to them./
We waited for you./ You were sitting near him./ He looked at it./
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Lesson 8
Summary of Grammar:
Verb and Indirect Object ( I.O.): Two patterns are possible when a Direct Object(D.O.)=the object(book) and
an Indirect Object (I.O.)=the person( Mary) follow a verb such as give :
A) Verb + D.O. + I.O. // B) Verb + I.O. + D.O.
give the object to the person give the person the object
Examples:
A) He is going to give a book to Mary. / / B) He is going to give Mary a book.
Verb give and similar to give such as : write, read, show, teach, tell, sell, send, lend, bring, take, pass, etc. ,
can be used in either pattern “ A “ or “ B “ .
Verb ask : For ( I.O.) after the verb ask, only pattern B is used. Verbs like ask are:” cost, charge, save, wish”.
Verb explain : For indirect objects after the verb explain, only pattern A is possible.
Other verbs which are like explain are : suggest, report, announce, describe, introduce, mention, prove,
repeat, say, speak, and so they can also be used in pattern “ A “.
“from” is the opposite of “ to “ and it is used with verbs : borrow, demand, steal and take , this preposition
cannot be omitted in their statements, which are used only in pattern “ A “ .
Examples: He borrowed US$ 10 from me./ The people demanded an explanation from the president./
/He stole a T.V. set from our home. / They took a book from the bookshelves./
The preposition ” for “ is used in front of the I.O.(indirect object= the person), in pattern A and B with some
important verbs such as: buy, get, make, find , do(used as in the examples: “Buy a book for Mary”., “Buy Mary a
book.”), and open, answer, close, cash, change, pronounce , prescribe, only in pattern A ( used as in the example:
“ Open the door for Mary”).
Past tense forms of irregular verbs. Examples: wear - wore; leave - left; understand - understood; wake up –
woke up; pass - pass; cost- cost; cut – cut ; put –put ; feel - felt ; mean – meant; stand – stood; steal – stole.
See the following tables for simple present and past tense forms of some others irregular verbs:
Present: wake get buy sit drink write become meet begin
Past : woke got bought sat drank wrote became met began
Present : see forget tear speak choose know take eat give
Past : saw forgot tore spoke chose knew took ate gave
Present: break go do come read spend lend make have

Past : broke went did came read spent lent made had
Present: bring think hear say Sell send tell teach sleep
Past : brought thought heard said sold sent told taught slept
Comments: Most verbs have the regular –ED ending in the past tense, examples: studied, walked, asked, etc. .
Many verbs, however, have irregular forms. These irregular forms must be learned “by heart “, individually.
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Exercise 1. Form sentences which include to and the indirect object me. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : ……………................. New student’s statements with to /me : …………..

John often gives Mary books. He never gives any books to me.
John often writes Mary letters. He never writes any letters to me. .Continue .
1) John often sells Mary pencils. He never sells any pencils to me.
2) John sometimes lends Mary books. He never lends any books to me.
3) John sometimes brings Mary flowers. He never brings any flowers to me.
4) John sometimes gives Mary newspapers. He never gives any newspapers to me.
5) John sometimes brings Mary books. He never brings any books to me.
6) John sometimes reads Mary his letters. He never reads any of his letters to me.
7) John sometimes lends Mary his books. He never lends any of his books to me.
8) John often teaches Mary new words. He never teaches new word to me.
Exercise 2. For advanced students. When the direct object(D.O.) is a personal pronoun like it or them, the
indirect object usually has to with it( pattern A ). In the following exercise, answer the questions changing all the
object noun phrases to pronouns. Use pattern A in your response, i.e., the pattern with to. Listen-examples:
Teacher’s questions: …………………………………………. Student’s affirmative answers with” it, them/to “:……..
Is he going to give us the history book? Yes, he is going to give it to us tomorrow.

Is he going to give Mr. Miller the new books? Yes, he is going to give them to Mr. Miller tomorrow.
or(Yes, he is going to give them to him tomorrow.)

1) Is he going to read us the letter? Yes, he is going to read it to us tomorrow.
2) Is he going to teach us the new words? Yes, he is going to teach them to us tomorrow.
3) Is he going to lend Mr. Miller his car? Yes, he is going to lend it to him tomorrow.
4) Is he going to tell Mr. Miller the news? Yes, he is going to tell it to him tomorrow.
5) Is he going to lend Mary his pen? Yes, he is going to lend it to her tomorrow.
6) Is he going to bring us the new magazines? Yes, he is going to bring them to us tomorrow.
7) Is he going to pass Mr. Miller the butter? Yes, he is going to pass it to him tomorrow.
8) Is he going to read us the letter from Mr. Miller? Yes, he is going to read it to us tomorrow.
9) Is he going to sell Mr. Miller his car? Yes, he is going to sell it to him tomorrow.
10) Is he going to show us his new radio? Yes, he is going to show it to us tomorrow.
Exercise 3. Add the name Mr. Miller to the following statements. Listen to the examples:

Teacher’s statements: …………………………….. Student’s statements with Mr. Miller (I.O.) : ……..
He asked a question. He asked Mr. Miller a question.
He asked his name. He asked Mr. Miller his name. Continue the practice.
1) He asked his address. He asked Mr. Miller his address.

2) He asked his telephone number. He asked Mr. Miller his telephone number.
3) He asked some questions. He asked Mr. Miller some questions.
4) He asked a favor. He asked Mr. Miller a favor.
5) He asked, “What time is it?” He asked Mr. Miller “What tine is it?”
6) He asked the time. He asked Mr. Miller the time.
7) He asked the name of the grammar book. He asked Mr. Miller the name if the grammar book.
8) He asked the price of the grammar book. He asked Mr. Miller the price of the grammar book.
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Exercise 4. Practice the use of verbs like explain and also the verb ask. Repeat the statements , and add us
or to us in the proper position. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : …………………. Student’s statements with “us // to us “: ………………….
He often speaks. He often speaks to us.
He explained the lesson. He explained the lesson to us.
He repeated it. He repeated it to us.
He usually says “yes”. He usually says “yes” to us.
He asked , “Where are you going?” He asked us, “Where are you going?
They asked some questions . They asked us some questions. Continue the practice.
1) Mary introduced it. Mary introduced it to us.

2) Mary usually says “Hello.” Mary usually says “Hello.” to us.
3) Mary talked . Mary talked to us.
4) She described her home. She described her home to us.
5) She introduced John. She introduced John to us.
6) John asked the way to Detroit. John asked us the way to Detroit.
7) Mary asked our names. Mary asked us our names.
8) She announced her plans. She announced her plans to us.
9) The director described the English course. The director described the English course to us.
10) Mr. Gomez described South America. Mr. Gomez described South America to us.
11) He asked our telephone numbers. He asked us our telephone numbers.
12) The people explained their customs. The people explained their customs to us.
13) He repeated the words. He repeated the words to us.
14) The teacher asked some questions. The teacher asked us some questions.
Exercise 5. Practice the use of verbs like explain and also the verb ask. Listen to the verbs and the state-
ments after them. Include the words in the statements. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : …………………………………………………….. Student’s statements : …………………………………..

The student. Mary asked some questions. Mary asked the student some questions .
The student. John is explaining a problem. John is explaining a problem to the student .
Him. I’m going to speak English. I’m going to speak English to him.
Mr. Brown. I’m going to repeat the news. I’m going to repeat the news to Mr. Brown.
Them. I asked some questions. I asked them some questions. Continue. ………
1) Us. He described South America. He described South America to us.

2) Us. She talked. She talked to us.
3) The policeman. I asked the direction to Chicago. I asked the policeman the direction to Chicago.
4) The boys. He asked their names. He asked the boys their names.
5) Me. She described her new dress. She described her new dress to me.
6) The teacher. We asked a question. We asked the teacher a question.
7) Mary and me. They explained the customs of Argentina. They explained the customs of Argentina to Mary and me.
8) John and Paul. He asked some questions. He asked John and Paul some questions.
9) Mary . He always says “ Hello.” He always says “Hello” to Mary.
10) The secretary . He repeated the words. He repeated the words to the secretary.
11) Mr. and Mrs. Brown. I’m going to ask a favor. I’m going to ask Mr. and Mrs. Brown a favor.
12) My father. I’m going to introduce you. I’m going to introduce my father to you.
13) Our friends. We’re going to describe our house. We’re going to describe our house to our friends.
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Exercise 6. Summary exercise for advanced students. Practice the use of three types of verbs: (1) verbs like
give,(2) ask, (3) verbs like explain. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words: …… Student’s statements with , D.O. and or I.O. : ………………………
Initial statement: He’s going to ask me a favor.
the question He’s going to ask me the question.
explain He’s going to explain the question to me.
the letter He’s going to explain the letter to me.
read He’s going to read the letter to me.
me He’s going to read me the letter . Continue the practice.
1) send He’s going to send me the letter.

2) to me He’s going to send the letter to me.
3) give He’s going to give the letter to me.
4) me He’s going to give me the letter.
5) the sugar He’s going to give me the sugar.
6) pass He’s going to pass me the sugar.
7) to me He’s going to pass the sugar to me.
8) sell He’s going to sell the sugar to me.
9) his car He’s going to sell his car to me.
10) me He’s going to sell me his car.
11) some books He’s going to sell me some books.
12) to me He’s going to sell some books to me.
13) to us He’s going to sell some books to us.
14) they They’re going to sell some books to us.
15) send They’re going to send some books to us.
16) us They’re going to send us some books.
17) some letters They’re going to send us some letters.
18) some news They’re going to send us some news.
19) tell They’re going to tell us some news.
20) a story They’re going to tell us a story.
21) the answers They’re going to tell us the answers.
22) explain They’re going to explain the answers to us.
23) the question They’re going to explain us the question.
24) ask They’re going to ask us the question.
25) repeat They’re going to repeat the question to us.
26) send They’re going to send the question to us.
27) us They’re going to send us the question.
28) the lesson They’re going to send us the lesson.
29) explain They’re going to explain the lesson to me.
30) give They’re going to give the lesson to me.
Exercise 7. Answer the questions. Include for Mary in your answer.

Teacher’s questions : ……………………………………………… Student’s answers with ending “for Mary” :…………….
Who did John open the door for? He opened for Mary.
Who did John close the windows for? He closed them for Mary. Continue the practice.
1) Who did the man cash the check for? He cashed it for Mary.
2) Who did the man change the money for? He changed it for Mary.
3) Who did the teacher pronounce the word for? He pronounced it for Mary.
4) Who did John pronounce the words for? He pronounced them for Mary.
5) Who did the doctor prescribe the medicine for? He prescribed it for Mary.
6) Who is John going to open the door for? He’s going to open it for Mary.
7) Who is John going to buy the book for? He’s going to buy it for Mary.
8) Who is John going to get the chair for? He’s going to get it for Mary.
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Exercise 8. Change the sentences, using for or to . Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s statements: ………………………………………….. Student’s statements with “to”/”for” :……………….

Please buy me a book. Please buy a book “for” me.
Please pass John the salt. Please pass the salt “to” John. Continue the practice.
1) Please get Mary a chair. * Please get a chair for Mary.

2) Please lend Mary a pencil. Please lend a pencil to Mary.
3) Please make John a sandwich. * Please make a sandwich for John.
4) Please find Mr. Miller a chair. *Please find a chair for Mr. Miller.
5) Please give John a pen. Please give a pen to John.
6) Please get John some books. *Please get some books for John.
7) Please buy Mary a cup of coffee. *Please buy a cup of coffee for Mary.
8) Please do John a favor. *Please do a favor for John.
9) Please give the teacher the homework. Please give the homework to the teacher.
10) Please teach the class new words. Please teach the new words to the class.
Exercise 9. Summary exercise. Include the words in the statements. Use personal pronouns for the subjects
and Indirect objects. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words and statements: ……………… Student’s statements with personal pronouns and I.O. :
JOHN. The teacher explained the lesson. She explained the lesson to HIM.
MARY. The professor is going to ask some questions. He’s going to ask HER some questions.
THE PROFESSOR. Mary is going to ask some questions. She’s going ask HIM some questions.
THE PATIENTS. The doctor prescribed medicine. He prescribed medicine for THEM…………….
1) John. The bank cashed a large check. It cashed a large check for him.
2) John. Mary’s going to make a cake. She’s going to make a cake for him.
3) Me. The doctor prescribed medicine. He prescribed medicine for me.
4) Me. Mr. Jones is going to give a book. He’s going to give a book to me.
5) Mr. Jones. I’m going to sell a house. I’m going to sell a house to him.
6) John. I’m going to buy a cup of coffee. I’m going to buy a cup of coffee for him.
7) The director. I asked a favor. I asked him a favor.
8) The professor. I asked a question. I asked him a question.
9) The children. I’m going to tell a story. I’m going to tell a story to them.
10) The new students. The teacher explained the lesson. She explained the lesson to them.
11) Mr. Miller. I always say “How are you?” I always say “How are you?” to him.
12) The engineers. I’m going to speak. I’m going to speak to them.
13) The engineers. Mr. Wilson described Alaska. He described Alaska to them.
14) My mother. I’m going to write a letter. I’m going to write a letter to her.
15) Me. My mother is going to write a letter. She’s going to write me a letter.
Exercise 10. Listen to the statements with the adverb yesterday. Make corresponding statements about
repeated action, using the adverbial every day. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s statements (with yesterday adv. = past tense): .... Student’s statements (with every day adv.=
present tense):..
They came yesterday. They come every day.
He ate breakfast yesterday. He eats breakfast every day.
I met him yesterday. I meet him every day. .
1) He gave me a cigarette yesterday. He gives me a cigarette every day.

2) He read it yesterday. He reads it every day.
3) It became dark at six o’clock yesterday. It becomes dark at six o’clock every day.
4) I sat here yesterday. I sit here every day.
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5) I began to write yesterday. I begin to write every day (at 9;00 A.M.)
6) I drank eight glasses of water yesterday. I drink eight glasses of water every day.
7) I got a letter yesterday. I get a letter every day.
8) I forgot my book yesterday. I forget my book every day.
9) I saw your car yesterday. I see your car every day.
10) I tore my paper yesterday. I tear my paper every day.
11) I wore my new shoes yesterday. I wear my shoes every day.
12) I spoke English yesterday. I speak English every day.
13) Mary broke some dishes yesterday. Mary breaks some dishes every day.
14) I woke up at six yesterday. I wake up at six every day.
15) We wrote letters yesterday. We write letters every day.
16) We chose a leader yesterday. We choose a leader every day.
17) He took his book yesterday. He takes his book every day.
18) He knew the lesson yesterday. He knows the lesson every day.
Exercise 11. Repeat the teacher’s statement and add either every day or yesterday.
Teacher’s statements : …… Student’s statements : ……………… Listen to the examples :

They write it. They write it every day.
They wrote it. They wrote it yesterday. . Continue the practice.
1) They see it. They see it every day .

2) They saw it. They saw it yesterday.
3) They drink it. They drink it every day.
4) They get it. They get it every day.
5) They took it. They took it yesterday.
6) They forget it. They forget it every day.
7) They drank it. They drank it yesterday.
8) They got it. They got it yesterday.
9) They see it. They saw it yesterday.
10) They tear it. They tear it every day.
11) They tore it . They tore it yesterday.
12) They wear it. They wore it yesterday.
13) They break it. They break it every day.
14) They choose it. They choose it every day.
15) They chose it. They chose it yesterday.
16) They broke it. They broke it yesterday.
17) They take it. They take it every day.
18) They wore it. They wore it yesterday.
19) They forgot it. They forgot it yesterday.
20) They read it.(past)/(s.present) They read it yesterday. / They read it every day.
[rεd] [rid]
Exercise 12. Repeat the negative statement with didn’t, and add the corresponding affirmative statement,
using the adverbial this morning. Do not change the tense.
Teacher’s negative statements : ………………… Student’s affirmative statement (with” this morning”: …
He didn’t come yesterday. But : He came this morning.

He didn’t give it to me yesterday. He gave it to me this morning.
I didn’t eat the pie yesterday. I ate it this morning. /. Continue the practice.
1) I didn’t choose the flowers yesterday. I chose the flowers this morning.
2) I didn’t break any dishes yesterday. I broke some dishes this morning.
3) I didn’t read it yesterday. I read it this morning.
4) I didn’t tear my shirt yesterday. I tore my shirt this morning.
5) He didn’t become president yesterday. He became president this morning.
6) I didn’t meet him yesterday. I met him this morning.
7) I didn’t give him any money yesterday. I gave him money this morning.
8) I didn’t sit here yesterday. I sat here this morning.
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9) They didn’t speak French yesterday. They spoke French this morning.
10) I didn’t begin my work yesterday. I began my work this morning.
11) We didn’t forget our books yesterday. We forgot our books this morning.
12) We didn’t see his wife yesterday. We saw his wife this morning.
13) We didn’t drink the coffee yesterday. We drank coffee this morning.
14) I didn’t get the letter yesterday. I got the letter this morning.
15) I didn’t wear my new shoes yesterday. I wore my new shoes this morning.
16) I didn’t wake up at six yesterday. I woke up at six this morning.
17) I didn’t write any letters yesterday. I wrote some letters this morning.
18) I didn’t know any answers yesterday. I knew some answers this morning.
19) I didn’t choose the correct answer. I chose the correct answer this morning.
[chōōz]AHD = [t∫uz]Chic. dictionary [chōz ]AHD=[t∫oz]Ch.Dictionary
Exercise 13. Make statements using the adverbial every day . Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : …………………………… Student’s statements ( with adv.” every day”) : ……………..
Mary sent a letter yesterday. She sends a letter every day.
Mary spent US$ 5 yesterday. She spends US$ 5 every day. / Continue the practice.
1) Mary cut the cake yesterday. She cuts the cake every day.
2) Mary made breakfast yesterday. She makes breakfast every day.
3) Mary had coffee yesterday. She has coffee every day.
4) Mary put the book here yesterday. She puts the book here every day.
5) Mary lent John her book yesterday. She lends John her book every day.
6) Mary spent an hour in the library yesterday. She spends an hour in the library every day.
Exercise 14. Respond with affirmative statements which include the adverbial on Sunday. Listen- examples

Teacher’s negative statements : ………………………… Student’s affirmative statements : ………………………………….
They didn’t send the letter on Saturday. They sent the letter on Sunday.
She didn’t spend the money on Saturday. She spent the money on Sunday. Continue the practice.
1) She didn’t cut the cake on Saturday. She cut the cake on Sunday.
2) I didn’t make breakfast on Saturday. I made breakfast on Sunday.
3) We didn’t have coffee on Saturday. We have coffee in Sunday.
4) We didn’t put the papers here on Saturday. We put the papers here on Sunday.
5) I didn’t lend him the money on Saturday. I lent him the money on Sunday.
6) The tickets didn’t cost US$ 3 on Saturday. The tickets cost US$ 3 on Sunday.
7) They didn’t spend time on the park on Saturday. They spent time on the park on Sunday.
8) She didn’t make sandwiches on Saturday. They made sandwiches on Sunday.
Exercise 15. Free response. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s questions : ……………………. Student’s free responses : …………………………………………………
What did you send? I sent a box.

Where did you spend US$ 5? I spent it in Chicago.
When did you lend it? I lent it this morning.
1) What did you make? I made one table and 6 chairs.

2) What did you have? I had here some books.
3) What did you cut? I cut a piece of meat.
4) Where did you put? I put it on the floor.
5) How much did it cost? It cost US$ 10 .
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6) Where did you send it? I sent it to Germany.
7) How much did you spend? I spent US $ 5.
8) How much did you lend? I lent him US $ 500 for buying a new PC with a 100 GB hard disk drive.
9) When did you make it? I made it yesterday morning.
10) When did you have it? I had it last month.
11) When did you cut it? I cut it tonight.
12) When did you put it here? I put it here an hour ago.
13) When did it cost US $ 5? It cost US $ 5 two years ago.
Exercise 16. Make statements using the adverbial every night. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements in past tense: ………………………. Student’s statements with adv.”Every night “: ………….
John did his homework last night. He does his homework every night.
John felt fine last night. He feels fine every night. /
1) John said “Hello “last night. He says “Hello “ every night.

2) John went to the library last night. He goes to the library every night.
3) John left the library at 10 o’clock last night. He leaves the library at 10 o’clock every night.
4) John heard a train last night. He hears a train every night.
5) John thought about his plans last night. He thinks about his plans every night.
6) John brought his friend last night. He brings his friend every night.
7) Mr. Miller bought some ice cream last night. He buys some ice cream every night.
8) Mr. Miller taught the new vocabulary last night. He teaches the new vocabulary every night.
9) Mr. Miller told us the answers last night. He tells us the answers every night.
10) Mr. Miller sold John a cup of coffee last night. He sells John a cup of coffee every night.
11) Mr. Miller stood here last night. He stands here every night.
12) Mr. Miller understood the explanation last night. He understands the explanation every night.
13) Mr. Miller slept well last night. He sleeps well every night.
Exercise 17. Listen to the negative statements . Form corresponding affirmative statements using
yesterday. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s negative statements : ………………………….. Student’s affirmative statements with adv. yesterday: …
They didn’t do the exercises today. They did them yesterday.
I didn’t feel well today. I felt well yesterday.
He didn’t mean that today. He meant [mệnt] that yesterday. /
1) They didn’t leave school at noon today. They left school at noon yesterday.
2) They didn’t say “Thank you “today. They said “Thank you “yesterday.
3) He didn’t go to class today. He went to class yesterday.
4) We didn’t hear the speeches today. We heard [hệrd] the speeches yesterday.
5) I didn’t think about it today. I thought about it yesterday.
6) We didn’t bring our books today. We brought our books yesterday.
7) We didn’t buy the books today. We bought the books yesterday.
8) Mr. Brown didn’t teach mathematics today. He taught mathematics yesterday.
9) He didn’t tell me the answers today. He told me the answer yesterday.
10) I didn’t sell him those books today. I sold him those books yesterday.
11) I didn’t stand here today. I stood here yesterday.
12) The students didn’t understand today. They understood yesterday.
13) I didn’t sleep today. I slept yesterday.
Exercise 18. Repeat the teacher’s statement and add either every day or yesterday. Listen to examples:

Teacher’s statements : ………………… Student’s statements, with adv. “every day or yesterday “ : …………..
They do it. They do it every day.
They did it. They did it yesterday. / Continue the practice.
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1) They say it They say it every day.
2) They said it. They said it yesterday.
3) They hear it. They hear it every day.
4) They heard it. They heard it yesterday.
5) They bring it. They bring it every day.
6) They brought it. They brought it yesterday.
7) They thought it. They thought it yesterday.
8) They bought it. They bought it yesterday.
9) They teach it. They teach it every day.
10) They taught it. They taught[ tŏt] it yesterday.
11) They tell it. They tell it every day.
12) They told it. They told it yesterday.
13) They sold it. They sold it yesterday.
14) They send it. They send it every day.
15) They sent it. They sent it yesterday.
16) They lend it. They lend it every day.
17) They spent. They spent it yesterday.
18) They make it. They make it every day.
19) They lent it. They lent it yesterday.
20) They made it. They made it yesterday.
Exercise 19. Review exercise. Answer the past tense teacher’s questions.
Teacher’s past tense questions : ……………….. Student’s Yes /past tense answers with negative reply :
……………………………………………………..
Did he give Alice any stamps? Yes, he gave her some, but he didn’t give me any.
Did he send Alice any postcards? Yes, he sent her some, but he didn’t send me any.
1) Did he lend Alice any money? Yes, he lent her some, but he didn’t lend me any.
2) Did he tell Alice any stories? Yes, he told her some , but he didn’t tell me any.
3) Did he teach Alice any new words? Yes, he taught her some , but he didn’t teach me any.
4) Did he give Alice any books? Yes, he gave her some, but he didn’t give me any.
5) Did he write Alice any letters? Yes, he wrote her some , but he didn’t write any to me.
6) Did he bring Alice any food? Yes, he brought her some, but he didn’t bring me any.
7) Did he buy Alice any ice cream? Yes, he bought her some, but he didn’t buy any for me.
8) Did he sell Alice any tickets? Yes, he sold her some, but he didn’t sell any for me.
9) Did he cut Alice any cake? Yes, he cut her some, but he didn’t cut any for me.
10) Did he make Alice any sandwiches? Yes, he made some for Alice, but he didn’t make any for me.
Exercise 20. Summary exercise. Substitute the teacher’s words correctly. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words : ……………………….. Student’s statements : …………………………………………………………………..
Initial statement : I wanted breakfast yesterday.
ate I ate breakfast yesterday.

every day I eat breakfast every day.
make I make breakfast every day.
coffee I make coffee every day.

we We make coffee every day. / Continue the practice.
1) yesterday We made coffee yesterday.

2) had We had coffee yesterday.
3) every day We have coffee every day.
4) drink We drink coffee every day.
5) yesterday We drank coffee yesterday.
6) every morning We drink coffee every morning.
7) bring We bring coffee every morning.
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8) yesterday We brought coffee yesterday.
9) bought We bought coffee yesterday.
10) a car We bought a car yesterday.
11) every day We buy a car every day.
12) I I buy a car every day.
13) sell I sell a car every day.
14) a year ago I sold a car a year ago.
15) he He sold a car a year ago.
16) every year He sells a car every year.
17) chooses He chooses a car every year.
18) several days ago He chose a car several days ago.
19) saw He saw a car several days ago.
20) every 5 minutes He sees a car every 5 minutes.
For more complete practice continue the exercise with these substitutions:
a letter : He sees a letter every 5 minutes. / writes : He writes a letter every 5 minutes./two weeks ago: He
wrote a letter two weeks ago./got : He got a letter two weeks ago./ every week : He gets a letter every
week./ reads : He reads a letter every week./ a book : He reads a book every week./ yesterday : He read a
book yesterday./ the book: He read the book yesterday./ forgot : He forgot the book yesterday./ every
morning : He forgets the book every morning./ I : I forget the book every morning./ the answer: I forget the
answer every morning./ yesterday : I forgot the answer yesterday./ knew : I knew the answer yesterday./
now : I know the answer now./ a week ago : I knew the answer a week ago./ heard : I heard the answer a
week ago./ the speech: I heard the speech a week ago./ every month : I hear the speech every month. /
yesterday : I heard the speech yesterday./ understood : I understood the speech yesterday./ now : I
understands the speech now./ all speeches : I understand all speeches now./ every speech : I understand
every speech now./ a year ago : I understood every speech a year ago./ English : I understood English a year
ago./ spoke : I spoke English a year ago./ every day : I speak English every day./ teach : I teach English every
day./ a year ago : I taught English a year ago./ wrote : I wrote English a year ago./ a letter: I wrote a letter a
year ago./ began : I began to write a letter a year ago./ every day : I begin to write a letter every day./ send: I
send a letter every day./ yesterday : I sent a letter yesterday./ some paper : I sent some paper yesterday./
lent : I lent some paper yesterday./ every day : I lend some paper every day./ cut : I cut some paper every
day./ yesterday : I cut some paper yesterday./ tore : I tore some paper yesterday./ this shirt : I tore this shirt
yesterday./ every week : I tear this shirt every week./ wear : I wear this shirt every week./ a week ago : I
wore this shirt a week ago./ took : I took this shirt a week ago./ my friend : My friend took this shirt a week
ago./ every day: My friend takes this shirt every day./ meet : My friend meets this shirt every day./ a year
ago : My friend met this shirt a year ago./ left : My friend left this shirt a year ago./ New York : My friend left
New York a year ago./ they : They left New York a year ago. / every day : They leave New York every day./
see : They see New York every day./ a lot of money: They see a lot of money every day./ give : They give a lot
of money every day./ a year ago : They gave a lot of money a year ago./ spent : They spent a lot of money a
year ago./ every year : They spend a lot of money every year./ lend : They lend a lot of money every year./
cost : They cost a lot of money every year./ it : It cost a lot of money every year. / a year ago : It cost a lot of
money a year ago. / meant: It meant a lot of money a year ago. / every year : It means a lot of money every
year. / a lot of food : It means a lot of food every year. / needs: It needs a lot of food every year. / He : He
needs a lot of food every year. /eats: He eats a lot of food every year./ yesterday : He ate a lot of food
yesterday. / we: We ate a lot of food yesterday. / some food: We ate some food yesterday. / I : I ate some
food yesterday. / had: I had some food yesterday. / a pain : I had a pain yesterday. / felt : I felt a pain yester-
day. / every day : I feel a pain every day. / have : I have a pain every day. / a problem : I have a problem
every day. / study : I study a problem every day. / do : I do a problem every day./ yesterday : I did a problem
yesterday. / had : I had a problem yesterday. / a typewriter : I had a typewriter yesterday. / broke : I broke a
typewriter yesterday. / every month : I break a typewriter every month. / yesterday : I broke a typewriter
yesterday. / saw : I saw a typewriter yesterday. / a desk : I saw a desk yesterday. / a doctor : I saw a doctor
yesterday. / told : I told a doctor yesterday. / a lawyer : I told a lawyer yesterday. / every year : I tell a lawyer
every year. / a year ago : I told a lawyer a year ago. / became : I became a lawyer a year ago. / they : They
became lawyers a year ago. / were : They were lawyers a year ago. / he : He was a lawyer a year ago. ////.
(Continue the exercise with this sentence: “We come here every day”. )
1)yesterday: We came here yesterday./ 2) sat : We sat here yesterday./ 3) every morning : We sit here every
morning./ 4) wake up : We wake up here every morning./ 5) a week ago : We woke up here a week ago./6) slept :
We slept here a week ago. / 7) every night : We sleep here every night. / 8) there: We sleep there every night. / 9)
go : We go there every night./10) yesterday : We went there yesterday./11) stood: We stood there yesterday./
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12) every day : We stand there every day./ 13) I : I stand there every day./ 14) put it : I put it there every day. /
15) a week ago: I put it there a week ago.//////.
Let’s see some Illustrative examples of sentences with verbs similar to EXPLAIN:
1) The teacher announced the examination to the students.

2) We described our class to him.
3) He introduced his father to us.
4) He mentioned the money to Mr. Miller.
5) He didn’t prove anything to us.
6) We repeated our names to him.
7) He always says “Hello” to me.
8) He is speaking English to me.
9) He didn’t suggest anything to us.
10) The students reported their progress to the teacher.
Let’s study some additional examples of “irregular verbs” in questions and answers(in past tense) :
Teacher’s questions : …………………………………………….. Student’s answers : ……………………………………………………..
1) Did John eat an apple or an orange? He ate an apple.

2) Did John give a book or a magazine? He gave a book.
3) Did John come last night or this morning? He came last night.
4) Did John become a doctor or a lawyer? He became a doctor.
5) Did John meet Mary or Alice? He met Mary.
6) Did John read a book or a newspaper? He read a book.
7) Did John sit here or in the library? He sat here.
8) Did John begin lesson 8 or lesson 9? He began lesson eight.
9) Did John drink tea or coffee? He drank tea.
10) Did John get a chair or a table? He got a chair.
11) Did John forget a book or a pencil? He forgot a book.
12) Did John see a car or a train? He saw a car.
13) Did John tear his shirt or a piece of paper? He tore his shirt.
14) Did John wear a suit or a sportcoat? He wore a suit.
15) Did John speak to George or Paul? He spoke to George.
16) Did John break a cup or a plate? He broke a cup.
17) Did John wake up at six o’clock or seven? He Woke up at six.
18) Did John write a letter or a postcard? He wrote a letter.
19) Did John choose a banana or an orange? He chose a banana.
20) Did John take a pencil or a pen? He took a pencil.
21) Did John know the verbs or nouns? He knew the verbs.
22) Did John send a letter or a postcard? He sent a letter.
23) Did John spend $ 5 or $ 10? He spent $ 5.
24) Did John lend a book or a newspaper? He lent a book.
25) Did John make one sandwich or two? He made one.
26) Did John have coffee or tea? He had coffee.
27) Did John cut paper or cloth? He cut paper.
28) Did John put the book on the table or under it? He put it on the table.
29) Did the book cost $ 3 or $ 4? It cost $ 3 .
30) Did John do his homework last night or this morning? He did it last night.
31) Did John feel happy or sad? He felt happy.
32) Did John sleep until seven o’clock or eight. He slept until seven.
33) Did John mean “ship”or “sheep”? He meant “ship”.
34) Did John leave early or late? He left early.
35) Did John go to Chicago or New York? He went to Chicago.
36) Did John hear a cat or a dog? He heard a cat.
37) Did John think fast or slowly? He thought fast.
38) Did John bring a pencil or a pen? He brought a pencil.
39) Did John buy a book or a magazine? He bought a book.
40) Did John teach grammar or vocabulary? He taught grammar.
41) Did John tell Mary or Alice? He told Mary .
42) Did John stand here or at the door? He stood here.
43) Did John understand everything or only something. He understood everything.
44) Did John say “Hello” or “How are you”? He said “Hello”. End of Structure Lesson 8.
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Lesson 9
Adverbs of manner: correctly, clearly, easily, carefully, slowly, ….., well, fast, hard, loud.
Examples : /John answered correctly. / He writes well. / He swims fast./ He works hard./He talks loud./
Position of adverbs of manner :
Subject Verb Direct Object Adv. of manner Adv. of place Adv. of time
He spoke English rapidly in class yesterday.
He drives his car carefully in the city at night.
He drives carefully everywhere. /..
Comments: An adverb of manner usually follows a verb and its direct object, if any.
List of adverbs of manner and adjectives :
Adjectives correct quiet bad clear quick sad silent wise sincere
Adverbs : correctly quietly badly clearly quickly sadly silently wisely sincerely
Adjectives careful beautiful easy slow good fast hard loud (loud)
Adverbs : carefully beautifully easily slowly well fast hard loud (loudly)
Noun phrase + modifier : “the chair near the door “
Use of prepositional phrases as modifiers:

a) The student speaks French. ……………….b) He is from Canada.
a + b = The student from Canada speaks French.
Comments : Prepositional phrases follow the noun phrases which they modify . On the other hand , adjectives
precede nouns which they modify.
Wh-questions :
Relative positions : 1) ☺ John ..

2)
Mary …
3) Mr. Miller
Mary sees Mr. Miller. ///// ////////////// John sees Mary.
O-pattern : Who does Mary see? /////// S-pattern : Who sees Mary?
Answer: Mr. Miller.(Mary sees Mr. Miller.)// Answer : John. ( John sees Mary.)
Comments : In the O-pattern , the wh-word is an object( or sometimes an adverbial ).
In the S-pattern, the wh-word is the subject of the following verb.

Note : The use of Who in the S-pattern is informal standard English . Whom is formal English.
Exercise 1.Change the teacher’s adverbial statement to a statement with adjective as modifier.Examples:

Teacher’s statements : ………………………. Student’s statements : ………………………
He works quietly. H e is a quiet worker.
He speaks clearly. He is a clear speaker. / Continue the practice.
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1) He talks slowly. He is a slow talker.
2) He works carefully. He is a careful worker.
3) He writes well. He is a good writer.
4) He talks loud. He is a loud talker.
5) He swims fast. He is a fast swimmer.
6) He works hard. He is a hard worker.
7) He teaches well. He is a good teacher.
8) He runs fast. He is a fast runner.
9) He advises well. He is a good adviser.
10) He drives carefully. He is careful driver.
11) He speaks clearly. He is a clear speaker.
12) He reads fast. He is a fast reader.
13) He sings well. He is a good singer.
14) He speaks sincerely. He is a sincere speaker.
Exercise 2. Listen to the statement with an adjective (careful, quiet, etc. ). Form two corresponding
statements, one with an adverb (carefully, quietly, etc.) and one with an adjective after a form of the verb BE.
Teacher’s statements : ……………………… Student’s statements with a) adverbs and b) adjectives : ……..
The careful student is studying. A) The student is studying carefully. B) He is careful.

The quiet doctor worked. A) The doctor worked quietly. B) He was quiet.
The sincere doctor is speaking. A)The doctor is speaking sincerely. B) He is sincere. /.

1)The quiet student studies. The student studies quietly.///// He is quiet.
2)The careful doctor is working. The doctor is working carefully. ///// He is careful.
3)The prompt girl is coming. The girl is coming promptly./// She is prompt.
4)The punctual student arrived. The student arrived promptly./// He is prompt.
5)The careful teacher is writing. The teacher writes carefully. /// She is careful.
6)The sincere man spoke. The man spoke sincerely. //// He was sincere .
7)The slow teacher is talking. The teacher is talking slowly. /// She is slow.
8)The quiet boy is reciting. The boy is reciting quietly. /// He is quiet.
9)The careful girl is answering questions. The girl is answering questions carefully.// She is careful.
10)The prompt student wrote a letter. The student wrote a letter promptly. // He was prompt.
11)The intelligent student answered the The student answered the questions intelligently.
questions. He was intelligent.

Note: In addition to the adverb well, there is also an adjective well which refers to state of health. For example:
My son was sick, but now he is well.
Exercise 3. Substitute the words in the proper position. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s words : …… Student’s statements with substituted words: ……………………………………

Initial statement : John spoke English rapidly last year.
correctly John spoke English correctly last year.
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pronounced John pronounced English correctly last year.
these words John pronounced these words correctly last year.
yesterday John pronounced these words correctly yesterday.
he He pronounced these words correctly yesterday. /.Continue the practice.
1) rapidly He pronounced these words rapidly yesterday.

2) a week ago He pronounced these words rapidly a week ago.
3) this morning He pronounced these words rapidly this morning.
4) correctly He pronounced these words correctly this morning.
5) this word He pronounced this word correctly this morning.
6) the sentence He pronounced the sentence correctly this morning.
7) read He read [rεd] the sentence correctly this morning.
8) an hour ago He read the sentence correctly an hour ago.
9) rapidly He read the sentence rapidly an hour ago.
10) Mr. White Mr. White read the sentence rapidly an hour ago.
11) I I read the sentence rapidly an hour ago.
12) you You read the sentence rapidly an hour ago.
13) the story You read the story rapidly an hour ago.
14) yesterday You read the story rapidly yesterday.
15) the lesson You read the lesson rapidly yesterday.
16) the lesson to me You read the lesson to me rapidly yesterday.
17) me the lesson You read me the lesson rapidly yesterday.
18) the words You read me the words rapidly yesterday.
19) the question You read me the question rapidly yesterday.
20) asked You asked me the question rapidly yesterday.
21) explained (to me) You explained the question to me rapidly yesterday.
22) the answer You explained the answer to me rapidly yesterday.
23) repeated You repeated the answer to me rapidly yesterday.
24) told me You told me the answer rapidly yesterday.
25) gave You gave the answer to me rapidly yesterday.
26) the book You gave me the book rapidly yesterday.
27) quickly You gave me the book quickly yesterday.
28) this morning You gave me the book quickly this morning.
29) at 8 o’clock You gave me the book quickly at 8 o’clock.
30) promptly You gave the book to me promptly at 8 o’clock.
Exercise 4. Combine two statements to form one. Listen to the examples :

Teacher’s statements : ……………………………………………………….. Student’s statements : ………………………………….
The girl is studying. // She is tall. The tall girl is studying.
The girl is studying here.// She is from San Francisco. The girl from San Francisco is studying here. /.
1) The shoestore is very good. It’s large. The large shoestore is very good.
2) The shoestore is very good. It’s on State Street. The State Street shoestore is very good.
3) The man is intelligent. He’s from Brazil. The man from Brazil is intelligent.
4) That man is Mr. Allen. He’s beside Mr. Miller. That man beside Mr. Miller is Mr. Allen.
5) The doctor is learning English. He’s with Mr. Miller. The doctor with Mr. Miller is learning English.
6) The bookstore is good. It’s large. The large bookstore is good.
7) The large bookstore is good. It’s on the corner. The large bookstore on the corner is good.
8) The girl is friendly. She’s tall. The tall girl is friendly.
9) The tall girl is friendly. She’s from New York. The tall girl from New York is friendly.
10) The boy speaks slowly. He’s short. The short boy speaks slowly.
11) The short boy speaks slowly. He’s from Chicago. The short boy from Chicago speaks slowly.
12) The student knows the answers. He’s thin. The thin student knows the answers.
13) The thin student knows the answers. He’s in my class. The thin student in my class knows the answers.
14) The store is interesting. It’s big. The big store is interesting.
15) The big store is interesting. It’s near the bank. The big store near the bank is interesting.
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16) The story is interesting. It’s short. The short story is interesting.
17) The short story is interesting. It’s about baseball. The short story about baseball is interesting.
Exercise 5. Combine the teacher’s statements into one sentence, using the connector with.
Teacher’s statements : …………………………………………. Student’s sentences : ……………………………………………….
The man is a lawyer.//He has a briefcase. The man with a briefcase is a lawyer.
That boy is John.// He has a newspaper. That boy with a newspaper is John. /.
1) The man is nice. He has a dog. The man with a dog is nice
2) The student is from Argentina. He has a tie. The student with a tie is from Argentina.
3) That house is interesting. It has big windows. That house with big windows is interesting.
4) That sentence is interesting. It has adverbs. That sentence with adverbs is interesting.
5) That tree is an apple tree. It has one funny little That tree with one funny little green apple is an
green apple. apple tree.
6) That man is a clown. He has a banana in his ear. That man with a banana in his ear is a clown.
Exercise 6. Listen to the statements. Form questions using who, what, where, etc.(Alternative: the teacher
may give the answer as the cue. The answers are given in parentheses). Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s situations : ………………………………. Student’s wh-questions : ………………………………… ( Answers ) : ………
1)John sells cars in Texas ……………Who : Who sells cars in Texas? ………………………………….. ( John )
……….. What : What does John sell? …………………………………… ( cars )
……..Where : Where does John sell cars? ………………………………. (In texas )
2)John saw Mary. ………..Who : Who saw Mary? …………………………………………….. ( John )

……Who(m) : Who(m) did John see? ………………………………………. ( Mary ) .
A) John saw Mary in Detroit.
1)who? : Who saw Mary in Detroit? ( John )

2)who(m)? : Whom did John see in Detroit? (Mary )
3)where? : Where did John see Mary? (In Detroit)
B) This car cost US$2000 a year ago.

4) what : What cost US$2000 a year ago? ( this car )
5)how much : How much did this car cost a year ago? ( US$2000 )
6) when : When did this car cost US$ 2000? (a year ago )
C) John visited the museum yesterday.
7) who : Who visited the museum yesterday? ( John )
8) what : What did John visit yesterday? ( the museum)

9) when : When did John visit the museum? ( yesterday )
D) A lot of coffee grows in Brazil.
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10) what : What grows in Brazil? ( a lot of coffee )
11) how much coffee : How much coffee grows in Brazil? ( a lot )
12) where : Where does a lot of coffee grow? ( in Brazil )
E) Fifteen students visited the museum yesterday.
13) how many students : How many students visited the museum yesterday? ( fifteen )
14) who : Who visited the museum yesterday? ( fifteen students )
15) what : What did 15 students visit yesterday? ( the museum )
16) when : When did 15 students visit the museum? ( yesterday )

F) Ten doctors learned English here a year ago.
17) how many doctors : How many doctors learned English here a year ago ( ten )
18) who : Who learned English here a year ago? ( ten doctors )
19) what : What did ten doctors learn here a year ago? ( English )
20) where : Where did ten doctors learn English a year ago? ( here )
21) when : When did ten doctors learn English here? ( a year ago )
G) My teacher read the sentences to me this morning.
22) who : Who read the sentences to me this morning? ( my teacher )
23) who(m) : Whom did the teacher read the sentences this morning? ( me )
24) what : What did the teacher read me this morning? ( the sentences )
25) when : When did the teacher read me the sentences? ( this morning )
H) John is here in the morning.
26) who : Who is here in the morning? ( John )
27) where : Where is John in the morning? ( here )
28) when : When is John here? ( in the morning )

I) Mr. Miller was an engineer ten years ago.
29) who : Who was an engineer ten years ago? ( Mr. Miller )
30) what : What was Mr. Miller ten years ago? ( an engineer )
31) when : When was Mr. Miller an engineer? ( ten years ago )
J) John bought the red book last week.
32) who : Who bought the red book last week? ( John )
33) what : What did John buy last week? ( the red book )
34) which : Which book did John buy last week? ( the red one )
35) when : When did John buy the red book? ( last week )
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K Mr. Miller drove two hundred miles yesterday.
36) who : Who drove two hundred miles yesterday? ( Mr. Miller )
37) how far : How far did Mr. Miller drive yesterday? ( two hundred miles )
38) when : When did Mr. Miller drive two hundred miles? ( yesterday )
Exercise 7. Make questions based on the following sentence:
“Two students gave a pound of food to the three little elephants at the zoo yesterday “.
This exercise may be done the same way as the preceding, Exercise No. 6.
Teacher’s wh-words
and (cue- answers) Student’s wh-questions: ……………………………………………………..
1) who (two students) Who gave a pound of food to the three little elephants at …...?
2) How many students (two) How many students gave a pound of food to the three ………...?
3) What (a pound of food) What did two students give to the three little elephants at …. ?
4) how much food (a pound) How much food did two students give to the three little ……... ?
5) which animals ( elephants, little….) Which animals did the two students give a pound of food at …?
6) Which elephants ( the little elephants, ) Which elephants did the two students give a pound of food…..?
7) How many elephants ( three) How many elephants did the two students give a pound of …..?
8) Where ( at the zoo ) Where did the two students give a pound of food to the ……….?
9) when ( yesterday) When did the two students give a pound of food to the………….?
ADDITIONAL & ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
a) Two sentences are incorporated in one meaningful statement :
/The shoestore on State Street is very good./ The chair near the door is old. / The student at the door is new./
/The desk in this room is small. / The student with Mary is nice. /
/ The shoestore downtown is very large. / The new shoestore is very large./ The table upstairs is long./
/People everywhere want peace. / The teachers here are American. / The lecture yesterday was good. /
b) Comparison of the two wh -question patterns :
Base-sentence:” John explained the lesson to Mary yesterday.”

O- Pattern :(It requires the auxiliary do ):
/ What did John explain to Mary yesterday? / ; Who did John explain the lesson yesterday? / ;
/ When did John explain the lesson to Mary? / ; What did John do? /;
S- pattern : Who explained the lesson to Mary yesterday?
Look at this sentence : “Ten students came yesterday”.
Wh-questions with S-pattern: 1) How many students came yesterday?
2)How many came yesterday?
3) Who came yesterday?
End of Structure lesson 9.
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Lesson 10
REVIEW OF LESSONS: 1 – 9:
Exercise 1. (To review questions with be.) Change the following statements into questions.

Teacher’s statements : ………………………………….. Student’s questions : ………………………Listen to the examples:
He is a good man. Is he a good man?
It is interesting. Is it interesting?
John was a good player. Was John a good player? Continue the practice.
1) He was a good man. Was he a goodman?

2) These tests were hard. Were these tests hard?
3) The teacher was with the students. Was the teacher with the students?
4) Those books were new. Were those books new?
5) She is an interesting girl. Is she an interesting girl?
6) They are going to buy some books. Are they going to buy some books?
7) Mr. Smith was an important man. Was Mr. Smith an important man?
8) John is late. Is John late?
9) They were doing Lesson 5 today. Were they doing Lesson 5 today?
10) They are in Detroit now. Are they in Detroit now?
11) That man is a professor. Is that man a professor?
12) Bob is the winner. Is Bob the winner?
13) He is going to Detroit with Paul. Is he going to Detroit with Paul?
14) The plane is coming this afternoon. Is the plane coming this afternoon?
Exercise 2. (To review questions with do.) Change the following statements into questions.

Teacher’s statements : ………………………………… Student’s questions (with auxiliary “do”):…Listen-examples:
John works every day. Does John work every day?
He worked in the factory. Did he work in the factory?

They never walk home with John. Do they never walk home with John? Continue the practice.
1) Mary teaches in school. Does Mary teach in school?

2) They work every afternoon. Do they work every afternoon?
3) I usually work at night. Do I usually work at night?
4) He often studies at night. Does he often study at night?
5) He ate here often. Did he often eat here?
6) John studies in the afternoon. Does John study in the afternoon?
7) She never takes her book home. Does she never take her book home?
8) He waited until one o’clock. Did he wait until one o’clock?
9) Bob recited this morning. Did Bob recite this morning?
10) Paul talked to Mary yesterday. Did Paul talk to Mary yesterday?
11) They always want coffee. Do they always want coffee?
12) My brother taught in high school. Did my brother teach in high school?
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Exercise 3. ( To review questions with be and do .) Change the following statements into questions.
Teacher’s statements : ……………………………. Student’s questions ( with be or do ) :……….. Listen-examples:

He listens carefully. Does he listen carefully?
He is my uncle . Is he your uncle?
They had eggs for breakfast. Do they have eggs for breakfast? Continue the practice.
1) They are eating at the cafeteria. Are they eating at the cafeteria?
2) They ate chicken for dinner. Did they eat chicken for dinner?
3) Mr. Smith is going to fly to Mexico. Is Mr. Smith going to fly to Mexico?
4) He sees a movie every week. Does he see a movie every week?
5) She is practicing a difficult pattern. Is she practicing a difficult pattern?
6) Those students are his friends. Are those students his friends?
7) Bob heard the news about John. Did Bob hear the news about John?
8) The news is good. Is the news good?
9) They are going to visit the museum in Toledo. Are they going to visit the museum in Toledo?
10) The students are waiting for their teachers. Are the students waiting for their teachers?
11) He answered the questions. Did he answer the questions?
12) Mr. Black is going to sell his car. Is Mr. Black going to sell his car?
Exercise 4. ( To review questions introduced by question words.) Change the statements into questions.
Use question words which correspond to the final items in the statements. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : ………………………………….. Student’s questions (past tense) : ………..
Mary worked yesterday. When did Mary work?
She saw him at the movie. Where did she see him?
He bought a hat. What did he buy?

They met John. Who(m) did they meet? . Continue the practice.
1) They asked Bob yesterday. When did they ask Bob?

2) They asked John. Who did they ask?
3) They bought a car . What did they buy?
4) We drove to Cleveland. Where did we drive?
5) We returned from Cleveland yesterday. When did we return from Cleveland?
6) He saw Mary? Who did he see?
7) They heard the story. What did they hear?
8) They ate steaks. What did they eat?
9) We found it in New York City. Where did we find it?
10) He visited Mary last week. When did he visit Mary?
11) The student wanted Mr. Smith. Who did the student want?
12) He met the doctor on Main Street. Where did he meet the doctor.
Exercise 5. (To review questions with who.) Change the statement into two questions. Use the question

word who.In the first question ask for the subject;in the second, ask for the object or receiver.Listen-examples
Teacher’s statements : ……… Student’s who-questions :a) for the subject,// b) for the object : …….
Mary saw John. a)Who saw John? / b) Who(m) did Mary see?
He is talking to John. a)Who is talking to John? / b) Who(m) is he talking to?
She told John. a)Who told John? / b) Who(m) did she tell ? Continue the practice.
1) Mary knows John. Who knows John? // Who(m) does Mary know?
2) Mr. Smith visited Mary. Who visited Mary? // Who did Mr. Smith visit?
3) They saw Mary. Who saw Mary? // Who did they see?
4) John heard the teacher. Who heard the teacher? // Who did John hear?
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5) Paul met Mr. Smith. Who met Mr. Smith? // Who(m) did Paul meet?
6) Mary is visiting John today. Who is visiting John today? // Who is Mary visiting today?
7) John waited for Mary. Who waited for Mary? // Who did John wait for?
8) His sister saw them. Who saw them? // Who did his sister saw?
9) The student asked the teacher. Who asked the teacher? // Who did the student ask?
10) We told Paul. Who told Paul? // Who did we tell?
11) Mary understands him. Who understands him? // Who does Mary understand?
12) The teacher questioned Jane. Who questioned Jane? // Who did the teacher question?
Exercise 6. ( To review short answers to questions.) Answer the questions with short answers . Use the
forms : Yes, he is ; No, he doesn’t ; Yes, he did ; etc. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s questions : …………………………… Student’s short answers: ………………...............
Does she like her class? Yes, she does.
What does she study? English.
Was she in class yesterday? Yes, she was. . Continue the practice.
1) Is he busy? Yes, he is.

2) Do you like oranges? Yes, I do.
3) Does she sing well? No, she doesn’t.
4) Did John answer the question? Yes, he did.
5) Does John know the answer? No, he doesn’t.
6) Where do you live? In Colombia.
7) Are you an artist? No, I’m not.
8) Is she an engineer? Yes, she is.
9) What are they studying? Biology.
10) When was John sick? Last month.
11) Does Mary speak French? No, she doesn’t.
12) Who sent you that letter? My brother did.
13) Were the students tired? Yes, they were.
14) Is he going to see the game? Yes, he is.
15) What are you going to do after class? Walk around.
Exercise 7. ( To review answers with various question types.) Answer the questions with a full answer.
Supply an appropriate answer to questions with who, when, etc. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s questions : ……………………………… Student’s full-answers : ………………………………………..
Did John eat his dinner? Yes, he ate it.

Was Fred at the program? Yes, he was at the program.
Who is with John? Mary is with him.
When did he arrive? He arrived yesterday. / Continue the practice

1) Did they see the play? Yes, they saw it.
2) Do the students know the way? Yes, they know it.
3) How many people are coming? Ten people are coming.
4) Does Mary like milk? Yes, she likes it.
5) Who did Mary see? She saw John.
6) Do you like the book? Yes, I like it.
7) Did you like the book? Yes, I liked it.
8) Who saw Mary? George saw Mary.
9) Are you a student? No, I’m not a student.
10) Were they at the party? No, they weren’t at it.
11) Where are they living? At 2443 Locust Road, N.W. Washington, D.C.
12) When did he come? He came yesterday.
13) Was John with you? Yes, he was with me.
14) Were we usually late? Yes, we were usually late.
15) Is he her friend? No, he isn’t her friend.
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16) What did he eat? He ate some fruit.
17) How much did he pay? He paid US$50 for the table.
18) Does the bank close at three? Yes, it closes at three o’clock.
Exercise 8. ( To review the formation of past time statements.) Change the statements in present time into
statements in past time. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s (present time) staments: Student’s (past time) statements : ……………………
I usually buy a sandwich. I usually bought a sandwich.
She is making a dress. She made a dress.

She is homesick. She was homesick. Continue the practice.
1) They want a book. They wanted a book.

2) John and Paul are friends. John and Paul were friends.
3) She needs a pencil. She needed a pencil.
4) The watch is on the table. The watch was on the table.
5) His book costs US$ 5 . His book cost US$ 5 .
6) He sits in the first raw. He sat in the first raw.
7) He writes a letter every day. He wrote a letter every day.
8) We like the weather. We liked the weather.
9) They never eat steak. They never ate steak.
10) Those ties are expensive. Those ties were expensive.
11) He has a cold. He had a cold.
12) She always knows the answer. She always knew the answer.
13) It is on the desk. It was on the desk.
14) She studies English at home. She studied English at home.
15) He wears a hat in winter. He wore a hat in winter.
Exercise 9. ( To review the formation of future time statements.) Change the statements in present or past
time to statements in future time. Use be + going to + a verb. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : ………………………….. Student’s statements in future time : …………………….
He works every day. He is going to work every day.
He ate toast for breakfast He is going to eat toast for breakfast tomorrow morning.
He is taking philosophy now. He is going to take philosophy next year. Continue the practice.
1) Paul has a headache. Paul is going to have another headache tomorrow.

2) Mr. Miller is telling a joke. Mr. Miller is going to tell a joke in five minutes.
3) She made a cake for dinner. She is going to make a cake for dinner tomorrow.
4) They are good students. They are going to be good students next year.
5) The pencil broke. The pencil is going to break next writing.
6) I am writing a letter. I am going to write a letter next week.
7) Mary told us an interesting story. Mary is going to tell us an interesting story tomorrow.
8) We went downtown in a taxi. We are going to go downtown in a taxi tomorrow.
9) They asked him a lot of questions. They are going to ask him a lot of questions next week.
10) Fred and Bill were in the same class. Fred and Bill are going to be in the same class next semester.
11) We eat lunch at twelve. We are going to eat lunch at twelve tomorrow.
12) The class had a good time. The class is going to have a good time next month.
13) John woke up at 6 o’clock. John is going to wake up at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.
14) I drank a glass of milk for breakfast. I am going to drink a glass of milk for breakfast tomorrow.
15) The concert began at 8. The concert is going to begin at 8 P.M. tomorrow.
16) They walk to school with me. They are going to walk to school with me next week.
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Exercise 10. ( To review the formation of statements with action in progress.) Change the statements
from past or future time action to statements with action in progress. Use be + the –ing form of the verb.
Make any other necessary changes. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s statements(in past or future) : …….. Student’s statements(with action in progress) ; ……………
She walked to school with John. She is walking to school with John.
She is going to buy a hat. She is buying a hat.
I watched a good play. I’m watching a good play. Continue the practice.
1)They have dinner at home. They’re having dinner at home.
2)He looked for the books. He’s looking for the books.
3)They went to a concert in the auditorium. They’re going (attending) a concert in the auditorium.
4) We are going to wait for her. We’re waiting for her.
5)The director talked to the students. The director is talking to the students.
6) The store on State Street had a sale. The store on State Street is having a sale.
7) I practiced my pronunciation this morning. I’m practicing my pronunciation this morning.
8) I stood by the window. I’m standing by the window.
9) We are going to bring a friend. We’re bringing a friend.
10) He thought about home this morning. He’s thinking about home this morning.
11) Paul taught mathematics at the university. He’s teaching mathematics at the university.
12) I did the first lesson. I’m doing the first lesson.
13) She felt fine today. She’s feeling fine today.
14) He is going to sell his car. He’s selling his car .
Exercise 11. ( To review the formation of statements with repeated or habitual action.) Change the
statements in past or future time to statements with repeated or habitual action. Use the simple or the –s form of
the verb. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements( in past or future ) : …… Student’s statements(with repeated/habitual action=present):
He did a lot of exercises every day. He does a lot of exercises every day.
He lived in the dormitory. He lives in the dormitory.

We are going to like English. We like English. Continue the practice.
1) She ate with her friends. She eats with her friends.
2) He took a walk yesterday. She takes a walk every day.
3) She usually came to school early. She usually comes to school early.
4) He met me in the cafeteria. He meets me in the cafeteria.
5) He got tired of the class. He gets tired of the class.
6) He took an interest in basketball. He takes an interest in basketball.
7) Paul drank a glass of milk for breakfast. Paul drinks a glass of milk for breakfast.
8) The student worked for his tuition. The student works for his tuition.
9) The birds went south in the winter. The birds go south in the winter.
10) The trees lost their leaves in the fall. The trees lose their leaves in the fall.
11) Mary read the newspaper in the evening. Mary reads the newspaper in the evening.
12) It cost 50 cents. It costs 50 cents.
13) He spent a lot of money for clothes. He spends a lot of money for clothes.
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Exercise 12. (To review adverbials of frequency and manner.) Substitute the words in proper position. Use
adverbials of frequency (usually, seldom, etc.) before the verb. Use adverbials of manner (quickly, carefully, etc.)
at the end of the statement. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words : …………. Student’s statements( with adverbials of frequency or manner ) : ……………
Initial sentence: He usually learns the lessons quickly.
rapidly He usually learns the lessons rapidly.
never He never learns the lessons rapidly.
reads He never reads the lessons rapidly.
newspaper He never reads the newspaper rapidly. Continue the practice.

1) always He always reads the newspaper rapidly.
2) his lesson He always reads his lesson rapidly.
3) carefully He always reads his lesson carefully.
4) studies He always studies his lesson carefully.
5) completely He always studies his lesson completely.
6) seldom He seldom studies his lesson completely.
7) does He seldom does his lesson completely.
8) his assignment He seldom does his assignment completely.
9) never He never does his assignment completely.
10) immediately He never does his assignment immediately.
11) rarely He rarely does his assignment immediately.
12) his work He rarely does his work immediately.
13) efficiently He rarely does his work efficiently.
14) often He often does his work efficiently.
15) well He often does his work well.
16) his grammar He often does his grammar work well.
17) sometimes He sometimes does his grammar work well.
18) an exercise He sometimes does an exercise well.
19) usually He usually does an exercise well.
20) badly He usually does an exercise badly.
Exercise 13. (To review adverbials of frequency, place and time.) Substitute the adverbials of frequency
(sometimes, never, etc) of place (here, in the garden, etc.), and of time ( in the evening, for one hour,etc.)in
proper positions. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words(adverbials) : Student’s statements : …………………………………………………….

Initial sentence : He usually works at home in the evening.
always He always works at home in the evening.
here He always works here in the evening. . Continue the practice.

1) in the morning He always works here in the morning.
2) sometimes He sometimes works here in the morning.
3) never He never works here in the morning.
4) at night He never works here in the morning.
5) in the office He never works in the office in the morning.
6) often He often works in the office in the morning.
7) in the factory He often works in the factory in the morning.
8) in town He often works in town in the morning.
9) in the evening He often works in town in the evening.
10) at home He often works at home in the evening.
11) always He always works at home in the evening.
12) for one hour He always works at home for one hour.
13) in the library He always works in the library for one hour.
14) often He often works in the library for one hour.
15) on State Street He often works on State Street for one hour.
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16) at noon He often works on State Street at noon.
17) seldom He seldom works on State Street at noon.
18) here He seldom works here at noon.
19) at the?!restaurant He seldom works at the restaurant?! at noon.
20) now* He works at the restaurant now.*
21) here He works here now.
22) often He often works here now.
23) in New York City He often works in New York City now.
Exercise14. (To review the distribution of a,an with nouns. ) Substitute the words. Omit a, an before
noncount nouns and plural forms. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s words : …………. Student’s statements : ……………………………………………………….
Initial sentence: John ate an orange.
toast John ate toast.
had John had toast.
piece of toast John had a piece of toast.
peaches John had peaches. Continue the practice.
1) tea John had tea.

2) sandwich John had a sandwich.
3) coffee John had coffee.
4) donut John had a donut.
5) milk John had milk.
6) chocolate milk John had chocolate milk.
7) glass of milk John had a glass of milk.
8) fruit John had fruit.
9) water John had water.
10) drank John drank water.
11) cold water John drank cold water.
12) glass of cold water John drank a glass of cold water.
13) two glasses of water John drank two glasses of water.
14) used John used two glasses of water.
15) sugar John used sugar.
16) teaspoon John used a teaspoon of sugar.
17) potatoes John used potatoes.
18) napkin John used a napkin.
19) cream John used cream.
20) likes John likes cream.
21) salt John likes salt.
22) books John likes books.
23) easy assignment John likes an easy assignment.
24) red ties John likes red ties.
Exercise 15. ( To review the use and omission of the . ) Substitute the words. Use the article the before the
nouns when possible.Do not use a in this exercise. Omit the before names of people, countries, time of day ,
streets , etc. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words : ……… Student’s statements :…………………………………………………………………………

Initial sentence : They visited the museum.
Canada They visited Canada.
Saw They saw Canada.

professor They saw the professor.
1) Professor Smith They saw Professor Smith.
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2) art gallery They saw the art gallery.
3) Spain They saw Spain.
4) Mississippi River They saw the Mississippi River.
5) New York City The saw New York City.
6) old city They saw the old city.
7) football game They saw the football game.
8) Paris They saw Paris.
9) subway They saw the subway.
10) Paul They saw Paul.
11) Student They saw the student.
12) book They saw the book.
13) read They read the book.
14) philosophy They read philosophy.
15) books They read philosophy books.
16) philosophy of Aristotle They read the philosophy of Aristotle.
17) grammar book They read the grammar book.
18) English They read English.
19) instructions They read the instructions.
20) Shakespeare They read Shakespeare.
21) discussed They discussed Shakespeare.
22) mathematics They discussed mathematics.
23) Mexico They discussed about Mexico.
24) art They discussed about art.
25) president They discussed about the president.
26) house They discussed about the house.
27) arrived at They arrived at the house.
28) two o’clock They arrived at two o’clock.
29) Miami They arrived at Miami.
30) railroad station They arrived at the railroad station.
31) noon They arrived at noon.
Exercise 16. ( To review the use of this, that, these, those.) Listen to the statement with here or there. Use
this, these to indicate objects here (close to). Use that, those to indicate objects there (far away from…).
Teacher’s statements : …………………………………. Student’s statements (with demonstratives) :………………..

The water here is fresh. This water is fresh.
The water there is clear. That water is clear.
The houses there are old. Those houses are old.
The houses here are new. These houses are new. /Continue the practice.
1) The trees there are pine trees. Those trees are pine trees.
2) The problem here is difficult. This problem is difficult.
3) The apples here are ripe. These apples are ripe.
4) The man there is my cousin. That man is my cousin.
5) The student here is from Nicaragua. This student is from Nicaragua.
6) The lady there is a teacher. That lady is a teacher.
7) The light here is bright. This light is bright.
8) The men there are engineers. Those men are engineers.
9) The books here belong to Mary. These books belong to Mary.
10) The house there is fifty years old. That house is fifty years old.
11) The boys there are my nephews. Those boys are my nephews.
12) The flower here is a violet. This flower is a violet.
13) The automobile here is mine. This automobile is mine.
14) The movie there is good. That movie is good.
15) The story here is exciting. This story is exciting.
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Exercise 17. (To review modifiers of nouns.) Modify the noun in the first statement with an adjective or a
prepositional phrase from the second statement. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : ………………………………….. Student’s statements : …………………………

The house is on Winter Street. It is old. The old house in on Winter Street.
The house was old. It was on Winter Street. The house on Winter Street was old.
The red pencil is new It is on the deck. The red pencil on the desk is new. /
1) My pencil is on the desk. It is new. My new pencil is on the desk.
2) The house is on the hill. It is old. The old house is on the hill.
3) He built a house. It is large. He built a large house.
4) He has a dog. The dog is small. He has a small dog.
5) They have an apartment. It is luxurious. They have a luxurious apartment.
6) We own a home. It is on Main Street. We own a Main Street home.
7) My friend has a car. He is from Panama. My friend from Panama has a car.
8) I study literature. It is American. I study American literature.
9) We know the students. They are Brazilian. We know the Brazilian students.
10) The cafeteria serves good meals. It’s on Burn’s Avenue. The cafeteria on Burn’s Avenue serves good meals.
11) She bought a hat. It was expensive. She bought an expensive hat.
12) I read a book. It was about politics. I read a politics book.
13) He took a test. It was important. He took an important test.
14) He wrote a check. It was bad. He wrote a bad check.
15) She sang a song. It was about love. She sang a love song.
Exercise 18. ( To review the use of nouns as modifiers. ) Combine the statements . Modify the noun in the first
statement with a noun from the second statement. Listen to the statements:
Teacher’s statements : …………………………………….. Student’s statements : ………………………………………………
He works in a factory. It makes cars. He works in a car factory.
He is eating grapes. They come from Michigan. He is eating Michigan grapes.
They are students. They take engineering. They are engineering students. Continue the practice.
1) She is a student. She studies biology. She is biology student.

2) He went to a store. It sells shoes. He went to a shoestore.
3) They went to a restaurant. It is on Main Street. They went to a Main Street restaurant.
4) I know the book. It deals with physics. I know he physics book.
5) We read the book. It discusses birds. We read the bird book.
6) John is a student. He goes to the university. John is a university student.
7) They are workers. They work on the railroad. They are railroad workers.
8) We ate a dinner. We had steak. We ate a steak dinner.
9) The student had a test. It was on grammar. The students had a grammar test.
10) We played a game. It was baseball. We played a baseball game.
11) They like fishing. They fish in the river. They like river fishing.
12) The building is on Williams Street .It is a bank. The bank building is on Williams Street.
13) He is a driver. He drives a bus. He is a busdriver.
14) I bought some food. It was for my dog. I bought some dog food.
15) It’s a boat. It has sail. It’s a sail boat.
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Exercise 19. ( To review nouns as modifiers. ) Change the nouns in the statements to modifiers).
Teacher’s statements : ……………………………………… Student’s statements : …………………………………………
He works on automobiles. He is an automobile worker.
He fights fires. He is fire fighter.
It dries dishes. It is a dish dryer.
It cuts glass. It is a glass cutter. Continue the practice.
1) He plays baseball He is a baseball player.

2) He plays football. He is a football player.
3) It dries clothes. It is a clothe dryer.
4) He washes windows. He is a window washer.
5) It washes clothes. It is a clothe washer.
6) It heats water. It is a water heater.
7) It makes noises. It is a noise maker.
8) He publishes textbooks. He is a textbook publisher.
9) He advises students. He is student adviser.
10) She teaches French. She is a French teacher.
11) They speak Spanish. They are Spanish speakers.
12) He teaches English. He is an English teacher.
13) It cools water. It is a water cooler.
14) They cut wood. They are wood cutters.
15) He paints houses. He is house painter.
Exercise 20. ( To review nouns in object position. ) Substitute the words in proper position.
Teacher’s words : …………. Student’s statements (with nouns in object position) : …………………..
Initial sentence : John gave me a present.

(I.O.)
(D.O.)
her John gave her a present .
watch John gave her a watch.

bought John bought her a watch.
his father John bought his father a watch. , Continue the practice.
1) a tie John bought his father a tie.

2) me John bought me a tie. or ( John bought a tie for me.)
3) Paul and me John bought Paul and me a tie. or (John bought a tie for Paul and me.)
4) them John bought them a tie.
5) book John bought them a book.
6) his picture John bought his picture for them.
7) her John bought his picture for her.
8) me John bought his picture for me.
9) her picture John bought her picture for me.
10) me John bought me her picture.
11) him John bought him her picture.
12) the picture John bought the picture for him.
13) them John bought the picture for them.
14) their picture John bought their picture for them.
15) you John bought their picture for you.
16) me John bought me their picture.
17) your picture John bought me your picture.
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18) you John bought your picture for you.
19) us John bought your picture for us.
20) our book John bought our book for us.
21) the book John bought the book for us.
22) a book John bought a book for us.
23) him John bought a book for him.
24) you John bought a book for you.
25) me John bought a book for me.
26) her John bought a book for her.
27) our book John bought our book for her.
28) their book John bought their book for her.
29) Mary John bought Mary their book.
30) him John bought their book for him.
31) Fred John bought Fred their book.
Exercise 21. (To review any, some, other, another, others, all, much, many, none , a few, a little, a lot.)
Substitute the following words in the request statements . Correlate any, much, many with the negative form
don’t. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words : …. Student’s statements( request type ) : ………………. Continue the practice.
Initial sentence : “ Buy some apples. “
peaches Buy some peaches.

a few Buy a few peaches.
get Get a few peaches.
any Don’t get any peaches.
many Don’t get many peaches.
coffee Don’t get much coffee.
some Get some coffee. , Continue the practice.
1) a lot of Get a lot of coffee.

2) any Don’t get any coffee.
3) drink Don’t drink any coffee.
4) all of the Don’t drink all of the coffee.
5) much Don’t drink much coffee.
6) use Don’t use much coffee.
7) dishes Don’t use many dishes.
8) buy Don’t buy many dishes.
9) any Don’t buy any dish.
10) cars Buy some cars.
11) another Buy another car.
12) the other Buy the other car.
13) cars Buy the other cars.
14) the others Buy the others.
15) some Buy some cars.
16) a few Buy a few cars.
17) a little Buy a little coffee.
18) sugar Buy a little sugar.
19) any Don’t buy any sugar.
20) a lot of Buy a lot of sugar.
21) much Don’t buy much sugar.
22) apples Don’t buy many apples.
23) some Buy some apples.
24) a few Buy a few apples.
25) bread Buy some bread.
26) coffee Buy some coffee.
27) pencils Buy some pencils.
28) the other ones Buy the other ones.
29) books Buy some books.
30) read Read some books.
31) all of the Read all of the books.
32) the other Read the other book.
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33) another Read another book.
34) others Read others.
35) study Study others.
36) any others Don’t study any others.
Exercise 22. (To review the use of me, to me, for me, etc.) Listen to the words and the statements. Include the
words in the statements. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s words and statements : ………………………………… Student’s statements : …………………………………….

Me /She described the music. She described the music to me.
Them /He asked some questions. He asked them some questions.
John / The teacher pronounced the word. The teacher pronounced the word for John.
1) Us. / He described the United nations. He described the United nations to us.
2) Her./ He always says a kind thing. He always says a kind thing to her.
3) Them./They waited. They waited for them.
4) Me. / He told a story. He told me a story.
5) John. / She made a cake. She made a cake for John.
6) Her. / He explained the program. He explained the program to her.
7) Him. / I asked for a cigarette. I asked him for a cigarette.
8) Mary. / John pronounced the sentence. John pronounced the sentence for Mary.
9) Him. / We bought a present. We bought a present for him.
10) Me. / John did the work. John did the work for me.
11) Bill. / Mary introduce us. Mary introduce Bill to us.
12) Them. / He got some pencils. He got some pencils for them.
13) His mother. / He wrote a letter. He wrote a letter to his mother.
14) The class. / He is going to speak about language. He is going to speak about language to the class.
Exercise 23. (To practice how much, what, which, etc., with question patterns.) Listen to the statements .
Notice the words with stress in the statements . Form questions and ask for similar information about the
other car, the other word, the other man, etc. Another person answers the questions. Listen to the
examples :
Teacher’s statements : ………………… Students’ questions and answers : ………………………………………………..
This car cost US $ 2000. How much did the other car cost?/ It cost US $ 3000.
This word means rich. What does the other word mean?/ It means poor.
The student was in Detroit. Where was the other student? / He was in New York.
This teacher writes with his left hand. Which hand does the other teacher write with?/ He writes with his right hand.
1) These students read 500 pages. How many pages did the other students read? / They read 600 pages.
2) These people left 2 years ago. When did these people leave? / They left 1 year ago.
3) The student studies at night. When does the other student study? /
He studies in the morning.
4) One student said “poor”. What did the other student say? / He said “rich “.
5) This book cost US$ 5. How much did the other book cost? / It cost US$ 10.
6) These boys went to Detroit. Where did the other boys go? / They went to Washington D.C.
7) These girls went to the museum. Where did the other girls go? / They went to San Francisco.
8) Some of this coffee comes from Brazil. Where does the other coffee come from? / It comes from Colombia.
9) Twenty of the students studied last night. When did the other students study?/
They studied yesterday morning.
10) That teacher lives in Boston. Where does the other teacher live? / He lives in New York.
11) These doctors arrived yesterday. When did the other doctors arrive? / They’ll arrive tomorrow.
12) The student is studying English. What is the other student studying? / He is studying French.
13) These students came from Mexico. Where did the other students come from?/
They came from Canada.
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Lesson 11
Modal auxiliaries : will, can, may, might, should, ought to, must,…
Notice the forms and meanings of the Modal Auxiliaries:
will future time ……………….. ( be going to )

can ability ………………………… ( be able to )
may permission ………………….. ( be permitted to, have permission to)
might possibility ……………………( It is possible that …. )
should obigation,desirability ….( ought to )
must inference …………………….(I conclude that ……..,
conclusion
probability It is probable that ……..)
necessity ....................( have to ) .
Examples: We will read the book tomorrow. / John can play the piano very well.
The students can smoke in the hall. / The students may smoke in the hall.
John may receive a letter today. / John might receive a letter today.
John should study every day. / Mr. Smith must be about forty years old.
Mary must study tonight. (She has to.)
Comments : There is no –s form for the third person singular.
The normal position for the modal in a sentence is after the subject and before the rest of the
sentence.
NOTES: ( ☺ ) For future time, will means about the same as be going to :
I’ll study the book tomorrow. = I’m going to study the book tomorrow.
Will is sometimes used to indicate consent : “Will you help me?” -- Yes, I will.
Also for a negative refusal: “None of my friends will lend me money.”
( ) Only one modal is permitted in a single verb phrase:

You must be able to run fast = I presume you can run fast.
( ) The past of can is could :
Now she can speak three languages. / Last year she could speak only one.
Statement connected with : and …….too, and …….either, and but :

and …..too: ( to join two identical predicates it requires an auxiliary such as can or does in the second one ),
Examples :
“ John can play the piano, and Alice can too.” / “George studies hard, and Helen does too.”
“Paul is a student, and Mary is too.” / “ Helen is going to play tennis, and Alice is too.”
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“George wrote a letter, and Paul did too.” / “We have to take an exam, and they do too.”
and …..either :( to connect two negative statements when the meanings of the predicates are the same) :
Examples :
“ John isn’t a teacher, and Mary isn’t either.” / “Paul can’t play the violin and Alice can’t either.”
“Helen doesn’t play baseball, and Alice doesn’t either.”/ “Paul wasn’t hungry, and George wasn’t either.”
“Alice isn’t going to eat in the restaurant and Helen isn’t either.” /
“Mr. Smith didn’t forget the address, and Miss Ford didn’t either. “ /
“Homework isn’t always easy, and examinations aren’t either.” /
Connector but : ( to connect two statements which have the same predicate except that one predicate is
affirmative and the other one is negative; the forms of be are treated like auxiliaries.)
Examples:
John is a student but , Mr. Hill isn’t. / Mr. Hill isn’t a student but John is.
John is going to go, but Mary isn’t. / John can play the piano, but Mary can’t.
John went, but Mary didn’t. / Mary wasn’t here, but John was.
Mary can’t play the piano, but John can. / Mary didn’t go, but John did.
Exercise 1. Form sentences using the modals. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : ………………………………………………… Student’s statements ( with modals) :
Paul is going to write a letter tomorrow. Paul will write a letter tomorrow.
George is able to speak French very well. George can speak French very well.
The students have permission to smoke in the hall. The students may smoke in the hall.
It is possible that George will go to Chicago. George might go to Chicago.
Mary ought to write to her parents. Mary should write to her parents.
It is very probable that the girls are studying. The girls must be studying.
( I conclude that the girls are studying)
Paul has to take an exam next week. Paul must take an exam next week.

1) Paul and George are going to play tennis tomorrow. Paul and George will play tennis tomorrow.
2) It is possible that George is a very good tennis player. George might be a very good tennis player.
3) John is able to swim very well. John can swim very well.
4) We have to get up at six tomorrow morning. We must get up at six tomorrow morning.
5) It is possible that George will watch television tonight. George might watch television tonight.
6) It is possible that Mary is home now. Mary might be home now.
7) Paul is able to read Japanese. Paul can read Japanese.
8) You have permission to come in and see the doctor. You may come in and see the doctor.
9) George is going to study in the library tonight. George will study in the library tonight.
10) It is possible that Helen will make an apple pie. Helen might make an apple pie.
11) My brother is in your class. I conclude that you know him. My brother is in your class, you must know him.
12) Mary is able to play the violin. Mary can play the violin.
13) Mr. Moro has to get a new passport soon. Mr. Moro must get a new passport soon.
14) It is possible that George is going to study business administration. George might be studying business administration.
15) Mr. Moro has to take another English course. Mr. Moro must take another English course.
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16) Paul ought to write a letter to his parent every week. Paul should write a letter to his parent every week.
17) It is very probable that you spend a lot of time in the laboratory. You must spend a lot of time in the laboratory.
(I conclude that you spend a lot of time in the laboratory)
18) Every student ought to read one good book every week. Every student should read one good book every week.
19) Last year all of the students were able to read and write. Last year all of the students could read and write.
Examples of MUST meaning: Inference, Conclusion, or reasonable supposition.

1) Juan is from Mexico. He must speak Spanish.
2)George plays the piano very well. He must practice a lot.
3)George knows every one in the class. Therefore, he must know Paul.
4)Paul recently finished high school. Therefore, he must be about eighteen years old.
5)Helen lived in Japan for ten years. She must speak Japanese.
Negative forms of the modals :

Contractions Short answers
will not won’t No, he won’t.
cannot can’t No, he can’t. ( Note : cannot is usually written as one word. )
could not couldn’t No, he couldn’t
may not No, he may not. (Note : may not is not usually contracted.)
might not No, he might not. (Note : might not is not usually contracted.)
should not shouldn’t No, he shouldn’t.
must not mustn’t No, he mustn’t. ,
Let’s see some negative statements:

Mr. Miller won’t go to Chicago tomorrow.
Paul can’t speak French.
You may not drive without a license.
Paul might not go to George’s house tonight.
Children shouldn’t play with matches.
Children mustn’t play with matches neither gunpowder.
Exercise 2. Make negative statements about Mary. Listen to the examples:

Teacher’s statements : ………………………………………… Student’s negative statements : ………………………………
George can go. Mary can’t go.
George should go. Mary shouldn’t go.
George may go out today. Mary may not go out today. Continue the practice.
1) George will go tomorrow. Mary won’t go tomorrow.
2) George can play the piano. Mary can’t play the piano.
3) George might visit us. Mary might not visit us.
4) George will go to Chicago Saturday. Mary won’t go to Chicago Saturday.
5) George might attend the concert. Mary might not attend the concert.
6) George will write a letter tomorrow. Mary won’t write any letter tomorrow.
7) George can speak French. Mary can’t speak French.
8) George should eat fast. Mary shouldn’t eat fast.
9) George can swim very well. Mary can’t swim very well. (She just try to do it well)
10) George will watch television tonight. Mary won’t watch T.V. tonight.
11) George could read the sign. Mary couldn’t read the sign.
Notes on negative statements containing have to and must :

These sentences have the same meaning:
(1) He has to go. = (2) He must go.// (3) He doesn’t have to go. ≠ (4)He mustn’t go.
But the corresponding negative sentences(3) and (4) do not have the same meaning.
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Note on the past tense of MUST:
The past of have to is had to , which serves also as the past of must, meaning necessity.
(5): He has to wait. = (6): He must wait. /// ( 7 ) : He had to wait.
Sentences 5 and 6 have the same meaning. Sentence 7 is the corresponding past.
(John) (Mary) (Mr. Miller)

Formation of questions with modals : Illustrative sketch:
1) Statement: John can see Mary. / Yes/No question: Can John see Mary?/ Answer: Yes, he can.
2) Statement: Mary can see someone./O Wh-question: Who can Mary see?/Answer : Mr. Miller.
3) Statement: Someone can see Mary./ S Wh-question: Who can see Mary?/Answer: John.
Comments :
In yes/no questions which contain a modal, the modal is put before the subject.
Also in wh-questions of pattern O, the modal is put before the subject.
In both wh-question patterns, the wh-word precedes the modal.
Exercise 3. Change the statements into yes/no questions .Another student will give a short answer.
Teacher’s statements : …………………….......... Students’ yes/no questions and answers: ……………………….
Mary can play the piano. Can Mary play the piano? / Yes, she can.(No, she can’t.)
John will study tomorrow. Will John study tomorrow? / Yes, he will. ( No, he won’t)
1) Mary should answer the letter. Should Mary answer the letter?/ No, she shouldn’t.
2) George can play the piano. Can George play the piano? / Yes, he can. (No, he can’t.)
3) Mr. Miller will explain the lesson to George. Will Mr. Miller explain the lesson to George? / Yes, he will.
4) John should wait for Mr. Smith. Should John wait for Mr. Smith? / Yes, he should.
5) Paul must see a doctor immediately. Must Paul see a doctor immediately? / Yes, he must.
6) Mary may keep the book for seven days. May Mary keep the book for seven days? / No, she may not.
7) She should return it next week. Should she return it next week? / Yes, she should.
8) Birds can fly. Can birds fly? / Yes, they can.
9) Horses can fly. Can horses fly? / No, they can’t.
10) You will study English tomorrow. Will you study English tomorrow? / No, we won’t.
11) You can play baseball. Can you play baseball? / No, I can’t.(, I don’t like it.)
12) You will go to the movies tonight. Will you go to the movies tonight? / Yes, I will.
Exercise 4. Listen to the statements. Form questions using who, what, when, etc.Another student will
answer according to the situation. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s situations(A-G)and cue wh-words : Student’s wh-questions and answers : …………………………………….
John will sell his car tomorrow. ..……who : Who will sell his car tomorrow? ………………………….. John.
…….What : What will John sell tomorrow? …………………………… His car.
………when : When will John sell his car? ……………………………. Tomorrow.
A)John will buy some new shoes tomorrow.
1) who? Who will buy some new shoes tomorrow? / John.
2)what? What will John buy tomorrow? / Some new shoes.
3)when? When will John buy new shoes? / Tomorrow.
B)That new student might see Mary in the –
library tonight. 4) which student? Which student might see Mary …. …tonight? / The new one.
5)who? Who might see Mary in the library tonight? / The new student.
6) whom? Whom might see Mary in the library tonight?/ That new student.
7)where? Where the new student might see Mary? / In the library.
8)when? When the new student might see Mary? / Tonight.
C)Fifteen students can sit in the classroom.
9) how many students? How many students can sit in the classroom? / Fifteen.
10)who ? Who can sit in the classroom? / …. Students.
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11)where? Where can sit the fifteen students? / In the classroom.
D) Some of those sentences might be dif-
ficult for the new students. How many of those sentences might be dif-
12)how many of those sentences? ficult for the new students? / Some .
13)what? What might be difficult for the new students?/Some sentences.
14)which students? For which students might be difficult some
of those sentences? / The new students.
15)whom For whom might be difficult some of
those sentences?/For the new students.
E)Those students should do a lot of home- Which students should do a lot of home-
work tonight. 16) which students? work tonight. / Those….
17)who? Who should do a lot of homework tonight? / Those students.
18)how much homework? How much homework should do those students?/ A lot of …..
19)what? What should do those students tonight? / A lot of homework.
20)when? When should do a lot of homework those students? / Tonight.
F)A lot of beautiful flowers will grow in ….
that new garden.
21)how many beautiful flowers How many beautiful flowers will grow in…
that new garden? / A lot of …..
22)what What will grow in that new garden? / A lot of beautiful flowers.
23)which garden? Which garden will grow a lot of beautiful flowers?/The new garden.
24)where Where will grow a lot of beautiful flowers? / In the new garden.
G)People shouldn’t throw paper on the sidewalk.
25)who? Who shouldn’t throw paper on the sidewalk? / The people.
26)what? What shouldn’t throw people on the sidewalk? / Paper.
27)where? Where shouldn’t throw paper people ? / On the sidewalk.
Exercise 5.Listen to the two statements. Connect them with “ and and too”. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements : …………………………………………… Student’s statements : ……………………………………………….

John can speak English. / Mary can speak English. John can speak English and Mary can too.
He has to learn Spanish./ She has to learn Spanish. He has to learn Spanish, and she does too.
He is studying it now. / She is studying it now. He is studying it now, and she is too.
He studied French last year./ She studied French last year. He studied French last year, and she did too.
1)He is taking a course in French now./ She is taking- He is taking a course in French now, and she is too.
a course in French now.
2)He is going to study French tonight. / She is going- He is going to study French tonight, and she is too.
to study French tonight.
3)He studies every night./She studies every night. He studies every night, and she does too.
4)He will have an exam tomorrow. / She will have- He will have an exam tomorrow, and she will too.
an exam tomorrow.
5)He has to take the exam./She has to take the exam. He has to take the exam, and she does too.
6)He should study for it tonight./She should study for it tonight. He should study for it tonight, and she does too.
7)He might pass the exam./ She might pass the exam. He might pass the exam, and she does too.
8)He passed the last exam./She passed the last exam. He passed the last exam, and she did too.
9)He is a good student./ She is a good student. He is a good student, and she is too.
10) Examinations are necessary./Homework is necessary. Examinations are necessary, and homework is too.
11)John and Mary have to do a lot of homework./ John and Mary have to do a lot of homework, and we -
We have to do a lot of homework. does too.
12)They had to study last night. / We had to study last night. They had to study last night, and we did too.
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Exercise 6. Connect the two negative sentences with : and and either. Listen to the examples:
Teacher’s statements: ………………………………………………… Student’s statements : …………………………………………

George doesn’t sing well./Paul doesn’t sing well. George doesn’t sing well, and Paul doesn’t either.
George didn’t play tennis yesterday. Paul didn’t play George didn’t play tennis yesterday, and Paul
tennis yesterday. didn’t either. ,
1)George might not be here tomorrow. Paul might not- George might not be here tomorrow, and Paul might
be here tomorrow. not either.
2)George isn’t always early. Paul isn’t always early. George isn’t always early, and Paul isn’t either.
3)George doesn’t drink beer. Paul doesn’t drink beer. George doesn’t drink beer, and Paul doesn’t either.
4)George wasn’t at the movies yesterday. Paul wasn’t George wasn’t at the movies yesterday, and Paul
at the movies yesterday. wasn’t either.
5)Alice might not go to the movies tonight. Mary might Alice might not go to the movies tonight, and Mary
not go to the movies tonight. might not either.
6)Alice isn’t going to be late. Mary isn’t going to be late. Alice isn’t going to be late, and Mary isn’t either.
7)Alice doesn’t like cigarette smoke. Mary doesn’t - Alice doesn’t like cigarette smoke, and Mary doesn’t
like cigarette smoke. either.
8)Alice wasn’t very busy yesterday. Mary wasn’t very - Alice wasn’t very busy yesterday, and Mary wasn’t
busy yesterday. either.
Exercise 7. Practice : and …..too , and and ………either. Listen to the examples :
Teacher’s statements : ……………………………………………………… Student’s statements : ……………………………………..
George read a good book last night. Alice read a good - George read a good book last night, and Alice
book last night. did too.
George isn’t hungry. Alice isn’t hungry. George isn’t hungry, and Alice isn’t either. ,
1)George can’t go to the party tonight. Alice can’t go to - George can’t go to the party tonight, and Alice
the party tonight. can’t either.
2)George isn’t studying. Alice isn’t studying. George isn’t studying, and Alice isn’t either.
3)He can play the piano. She can play the piano. He can play the piano, and she can too.
4)George isn’t tired now. John isn’t tired now. George isn’t tired now, and John isn’t either.
5)Bob and Alice will be here tomorrow. We will be here tomorrow. Bob and Alice will be here tomorrow, and we will too.
6)They don’t have to come. We don’t have to come. They don’t have to come, and we don’t either.
7)John should write home. Mary should write home. John should write home, and Mary should too.
8) John studies every day. Mary studies every day. John studies every day, and Mary does too.
9)We shouldn’t arrive late. The teacher shouldn’t arrive late. We shouldn’t arrive late, and the teacher shouldn’t either.
10)We have to arrive on time. He has to arrive on time. We have to arrive on time, and he does too.
11)We don’t have to arrive early. He doesn’t have to arrive early. We don’t have to arrive early, and he doesn’t either.
12)John arrived late yesterday. His friend arrived late yesterday. John arrived late yesterday, and his friend too.
13)John is going to visit Canada. George is going to visit Canada. John is going to visit Canada, and George is too.
14)My shoes were expensive. My suit was expensive. My shoes were expensive, and my suit was too.
15)Mr. Hill plays volleyball very well. Mr. Smith plays -- Mr. Hill plays volleyball very well and Mr. Smith --
volleyball very well. does too.
NOTES: and so can be used in place of and …….too , as in the following sentences:
I can go, and John can too. = I can go, and so can John.
and neither can be used in place of and …….either,
Mary can’t go, and Helen can’t either. = Mary can’t go, and neither can Helen.
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Exercise 7. Join the two sentences with but . Omit part of the second predicate as shown in the examples.
Teacher’s statements : ………………………………………….. Student’s statements (with connector “but” : …
John is tired. / George isn’t tired. John is tired, but George isn’t.
John won’t go. / George will go. John won’t go, but George will.
1) John lives in the city. George doesn’t live in the city. John lives in the city, but George doesn’t.
2) John wasn’t happy yesterday. George was happy yesterday. John wasn’t happy yesterday, but George was.
3) John isn’t going to have a cup of coffee. George is John isn’t going to have a cup of coffee, but George is.
going to have a cup of coffee.
4) John bought a new radio. George didn’t buy a new radio. John bought a new radio, but George didn’t.
5) John didn’t know the answer. George knew the answer. John didn’t know the answer, but George did.
6) John watched television last night. George didn’t -- John watched television last night, but George didn’t.
watch television last night.
7) John should eat more for breakfast. George shouldn’t – John should eat more for breakfast, but George --
eat more for breakfast. shouldn’t.
8) John doesn’t like hot dogs. George likes hot dogs. John doesn’t like hot dogs, but George does.
(In each of the examples below, both parts have the same subject, but the auxiliary is changed)
9) Paul doesn’t study very much. He should study a lot. Paul doesn’t study very much, but he should.
10) Paul watches television every evening. He shouldn’t – Paul watches television every evening, but he
watch television every evening. shouldn’t.
11) Paul shouldn’t go to the movies tonight. He might -- Paul shouldn’t go to the movies tonight, but
go to the movies. he might go.
Exercise 9. Summary exercise : and …..too; and ……..either; but.

Teacher’s statements: ………………………………………………….. Student’s statements ( with connectors) : ………..

He can go to the party. His friends can go to the party. He can go to the party, and his friends can too.
He doesn’t wear a hat. His friends don’t wear a hat. He doesn’t wear a hat, and his friends don’t either.
John can’t play the piano. Mary can play the piano. John can’t play the piano, but Mary can. ,
1)Mary arrived early. Her friends didn’t arrive early. Mary arrived early, but her friends didn’t.
2)John was here yesterday. Paul was here yesterday. John was here yesterday, and Paul too.
3)They weren’t in Chicago. Mary was in Chicago. They weren’t in Chicago, but Mary was.
4)They should come to class every day. They should come to class every day, and she should
She should come to class every day. too.
5)They shouldn’t miss class. She shouldn’t miss class. They shouldn’t miss class, and she shouldn’t either.
6)They have to take an exam. She has to take an exam. They have to take an exam, and she does too.
7)Mary can’t go to the dance tomorrow night. John can – Mary can’t go to the dance tomorrow night, but --
go to the dance tomorrow night. John can.
8)John didn’t go to Mexico last summer. Bob went to --- John didn’t go to Mexico last summer, but Bob did.
to Mexico last summer.
9)Mr. and Mrs. Thompson will come to the party. --- Mr. and Mrs. Thompson will come to the party, and
Their children will come to the party. their children will too.
10)Mr. and Mrs. Smith might not come. ----- Mr. and Mrs. Smith might not come, and their ---
Their friends might not come. friends might not either.
11)Uruguay isn’t a very big country. Brazil is a very -- Uruguay isn’t a very big country, but Brazil is.
big country.
12)Paul and George never go to the movies. --- Paul and George never go to the movies, but John does.
John goes to the movies.
13)Mary frequently goes to the movies. John goes to the movies. Mary frequently goes to the movies, and
John too.
14)Bob often sees John. We rarely see John. Bob often sees John, but we rarely does.
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ENGLISH EXERCISES 2 From Recorded Lessons On Tapes of SLL of George Town University

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ENGLISH EXERCISES 2 From Recorded Lessons On Tapes of SLL of George Town University

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Lesson 1 English Sentence Structure

General notes about the course:

1) Listen to the examples carefully, 2) Continue the practice of each exercise.

Teacher’s adjectives:…………New statements :

green ……………………………….. The book is green.

old ……………………………………. The book is old.

1) small ……………………………… The book is small.

2) large…………………………….. The book is large.

3) open……………………………. The book is open.

4) closed ………………………… The book is closed.

5) blue …………………………… The book is blue.

6) new …………………………. The book is new.

Exercise 2 . Substitute noun phrases in the proper position in statements.

Teacher’s noun phrases : New statements :

the pencil …………………… The pencil is new.

1) the table ………………….. The table is new.

2) the chair ………………….. The chair is new.

4) the comb………………….. The comb is new.

5) the key …………………….. The key is new.

6) the pen…………………….. The pen is new.

Teacher’s adjectives : New statements :

green …………………………………….. Is the book green ?

old ………………………………………….. Is the book old ?

1) small …………………………………… … Is the book small ?

2) large ……………………………………….. Is the book large ?

3) open ………………………………………. Is the book open?

4) closed ……………………………………… Is the book closed ?

5) blue ………………………………………… Is the book blue ?

6) new ………………………………………… Is the book new ?

Exercise 4. Substitute noun phrases in the proper position in questions.

Teacher’s noun phrases : Questions with - noun phrases :

the pencil ……………………………….. Is the pencil new ?

1) the table …………………………………… Is the table new?

2) the chair …………………………………… Is the chair new ?

3) the book …………………………………… Is the book new ?

4) the comb ………………………………….. Is the comb new ?

5) the key …………………………………….. Is the key new ?

6) the pen …………………………………….. Is the pen new ?

Exercise 5. Change the teacher’s statement into a question.

Teacher’s statements : Questions: ………..

The book is new………………………….. Is the book new ?

2) The book is green. ……………………………. Is the book green?

3) The chair is new. ……………………………… Is the chair new?

4)The book is open. …………………………….. Is the book open?

5) The door is closed. …………………………… Is the door closed?

6) The chair is heavy. …………………………… Is the chair heavy?

7) The table is large. …………………………….. Is the table large?

8) The key is small. ………………………………. Is the key small?

9) The comb is black. …………………………… Is the comb black?

10) The book is old. ……………………………….. Is the book old?

11) The student is busy. …………………………. Is the student busy?

12) The exercise is easy. ……………………….. Is the exercise easy?

Teacher’s statements : Questions……….. : Listen to the examples :

The book is new. …………………………………… Is it new?

John is happy. ……………………………………… Is he happy?

1) The book is open. ………………………………… Is it open ?

2) Mary is tired. ………………………………………. Is she tired?

3) The pencils are red. ……………………………… Are they red ?

4) John and Mary are busy. ……………………… Are they busy ?

5) The window is open . …………………………. Is it open ?

6) The table is heavy. ………………………………. Is it heavy ?

7) The pencil is long. ………………………………. Is it long ?