Método gráfico

cos⁡(𝑥)=𝑥^3

La ecuación escrita en forma de residuo cos⁡(𝑥)−𝑥^3=0

h 0.01

Método del punto fijo

x f(x) g(x) g´(x) f(x) v
0 1 1 0 1.2
0.01 0.999949 0.99998333 -0.00333339 1
0.02 0.99979201 0.99993333 -0.00666711 0.8
0.03 0.99952303 0.99984999 -0.0100015 0.6
0.04 0.99913611 0.9997333 -0.01333689 0.4

f(x)
0.05 0.99862526 0.99958325 -0.01667362 0.2
0.06 0.99798454 0.99939982 -0.02001202
0
0.07 0.997208 0.999183 -0.02335242 0 0.2 0.4
-0.2
0.08 0.99628971 0.99893276 -0.02669518
-0.4
0.09 0.99522373 0.99864909 -0.03004063
-0.6
0.1 0.99400417 0.99833194 -0.0333891
0.11 0.9926251 0.99798129 -0.03674096
0.12 0.99108064 0.99759711 -0.04009653
0.13 0.98936489 0.99717935 -0.04345618
0.14 0.987472 0.99672797 -0.04682026
0.15 0.98539608 0.99624293 -0.05018913
0.16 0.98313128 0.99572417 -0.05356314
0.17 0.98067177 0.99517165 -0.05694267
0.18 0.97801169 0.9945853 -0.06032807
0.19 0.97514524 0.99396506 -0.06371973
0.2 0.97206658 0.99331088 -0.06711803
0.21 0.96876991 0.99262268 -0.07052334
0.22 0.96524945 0.99190039 -0.07393606
0.23 0.9614994 0.99114393 -0.07735659
0.24 0.95751397 0.99035323 -0.08078533
0.25 0.95328742 0.9895282 -0.08422268
0.26 0.94881398 0.98866875 -0.08766906
0.27 0.9440879 0.98777479 -0.0911249
0.28 0.93910344 0.98684622 -0.09459063
0.29 0.93385488 0.98588294 -0.09806669
0.3 0.92833649 0.98488485 -0.10155353
0.31 0.92254257 0.98385183 -0.1050516
0.32 0.91646742 0.98278378 -0.10856138
0.33 0.91010534 0.98168056 -0.11208333
0.34 0.90345067 0.98054207 -0.11561796
0.35 0.89649771 0.97936816 -0.11916576
0.36 0.88924082 0.97815871 -0.12272724
0.37 0.88167435 0.97691357 -0.12630293
0.38 0.87379264 0.9756326 -0.12989336
0.39 0.86559006 0.97431565 -0.13349908
0.4 0.85706099 0.97296256 -0.13712066
0.41 0.84819982 0.97157318 -0.14075867
0.42 0.83900094 0.97014733 -0.14441372
0.43 0.82945875 0.96868485 -0.14808641
0.44 0.81956766 0.96718554 -0.15177737
0.45 0.8093221 0.96564924 -0.15548725
0.46 0.7987165 0.96407573 -0.15921671
0.47 0.78774529 0.96246484 -0.16296644
0.48 0.77640292 0.96081633 -0.16673713
0.49 0.76468386 0.95913002 -0.17052953
0.5 0.75258256 0.95740567 -0.17434437
0.51 0.74009351 0.95564306 -0.17818242
0.52 0.72721118 0.95384194 -0.1820445
0.53 0.71393007 0.95200208 -0.18593141
0.54 0.70024468 0.95012323 -0.189844
0.55 0.68614952 0.94820511 -0.19378317
0.56 0.67163911 0.94624747 -0.1977498
0.57 0.65670798 0.94425002 -0.20174486
0.58 0.64135065 0.94221248 -0.2057693
0.59 0.62556168 0.94013454 -0.20982413
0.6 0.60933561 0.93801589 -0.2139104
0.61 0.59266702 0.93585622 -0.21802919
0.62 0.57555046 0.93365519 -0.22218162
0.63 0.55798051 0.93141247 -0.22636885
0.64 0.53995176 0.9291277 -0.2305921
0.65 0.5214588 0.92680051 -0.23485261
0.66 0.50249623 0.92443052 -0.23915169
0.67 0.48305867 0.92201734 -0.2434907
0.68 0.46314072 0.91956056 -0.24787104
0.69 0.44273701 0.91705977 -0.25229418
0.7 0.42184219 0.91451453 -0.25676166
0.71 0.40045088 0.91192439 -0.26127505
0.72 0.37855773 0.90928887 -0.26583603
0.73 0.3561574 0.9066075 -0.27044632
0.74 0.33324456 0.90387978 -0.27510772
0.75 0.30981387 0.90110517 -0.27982213
0.76 0.28586001 0.89828315 -0.28459151
0.77 0.26137767 0.89541315 -0.28941792
0.78 0.23636154 0.8924946 -0.29430353
0.79 0.21080632 0.88952688 -0.29925057
0.8 0.18470671 0.88650937 -0.30426141
0.81 0.15805743 0.88344143 -0.30933853
0.82 0.13085321 0.88032237 -0.31448452
0.83 0.10308876 0.8771515 -0.31970211
0.84 0.07475883 0.87392808 -0.32499415
 0.85 0.04585815 0.87065136 -0.33036364
xl 0.86 0.01638147 0.86732054 -0.33581375 x,aprox 0.865
xu 0.87 -0.01367645 0.8639348 -0.3413478 0.865
0.88 -0.04432086 0.86049329 -0.34696929
0.89 -0.07555697 0.85699511 -0.3526819
0.9 -0.10739003 0.85343934 -0.35848953
0.91 -0.13982525 0.84982499 -0.36439628
0.92 -0.17286784 0.84615107 -0.37040649
0.93 -0.20652302 0.8424165 -0.37652475
0.94 -0.24079597 0.8386202 -0.3827559
0.95 -0.27569191 0.83476099 -0.38910508
0.96 -0.31121601 0.83083768 -0.39557774
0.97 -0.34737347 0.82684901 -0.40217967
0.98 -0.38416945 0.82279364 -0.40891699
0.99 -0.42160914 0.81867019 -0.41579624
1 -0.45969769 0.81447722 -0.42282437

Método de la bisección

k xl xu xr f(xl) f(xu) f(xr)

0 0.86 0.87 0.865 0.01638147 -0.01367645 0.00142549
1 0.865 0.87 0.8675 0.00142549 -0.01367645 -0.00610719
2 0.865 0.8675 0.86625 0.00142549 -0.00610719 -0.00233629
3 0.865 0.86625 0.865625 0.00142549 -0.00233629 -0.00045426
4 0.865 0.865625 0.8653125 0.00142549 -0.00045426 0.0004859
5 0.8653125 0.865625 0.86546875 0.0004859 -0.00045426 1.58943E-05
6 0.86546875 0.865625 0.86554688 1.58943E-05 -0.00045426 -0.00021916
7 0.86546875 0.86554688 0.86550781 1.58943E-05 -0.00021916 -0.00010163
8 0.86546875 0.86550781 0.86548828 1.58943E-05 -0.00010163 -4.2867E-05
9 0.86546875 0.86548828 0.86547852 1.58943E-05 -4.2867E-05 -1.3486E-05
10 0.86546875 0.86547852 0.86547363 1.58943E-05 -1.3486E-05 1.20428E-06
11 0.86547363 0.86547852 0.86547607 1.20428E-06 -1.3486E-05 -6.1408E-06
12 0.86547363 0.86547607 0.86547485 1.20428E-06 -6.1408E-06 -2.4682E-06
13 0.86547363 0.86547485 0.86547424 1.20428E-06 -2.4682E-06 -6.3198E-07
14 0.86547363 0.86547424 0.86547394 1.20428E-06 -6.3198E-07 2.86152E-07
15 0.86547394 0.86547424 0.86547409 2.86152E-07 -6.3198E-07 -1.7291E-07
16 0.86547394 0.86547409 0.86547401 2.86152E-07 -1.7291E-07 5.66189E-08
17 0.86547401 0.86547409 0.86547405 5.66189E-08 -1.7291E-07 -5.8148E-08
18 0.86547401 0.86547405 0.86547403 5.66189E-08 -5.8148E-08 -7.6447E-10
19 0.86547401 0.86547403 0.86547402 5.66189E-08 -7.6447E-10 2.79272E-08
20 0.86547402 0.86547403 0.86547403 2.79272E-08 -7.6447E-10 1.35814E-08
21 0.86547403 0.86547403 0.86547403 1.35814E-08 -7.6447E-10 6.40845E-09
22 0.86547403 0.86547403 0.86547403 6.40845E-09 -7.6447E-10 2.82199E-09
23 0.86547403 0.86547403 0.86547403 2.82199E-09 -7.6447E-10 1.02876E-09
24 0.86547403 0.86547403 0.86547403 1.02876E-09 -7.6447E-10 1.32148E-10
 25 0.86547403 0.86547403 0.86547403 1.32148E-10 -7.6447E-10 -3.1616E-10

El valor de x, 0.86547403

Método de Newton - Raphson

k x f(x) f´(x) |f(x)|

0 0.86 0.01638147 -2.97664256 0.01638147
1 0.86550334 -8.8165E-05 -3.00870973 8.81654E-05
2 0.86547403 -2.5079E-09 -3.00853857 2.5079E-09
3 0.86547403 0 -3.00853856 0

El valor de x, 0.86547403

Método del punto fijo

k x g(x) f(x) |f(x)|

0 0.86 0.86732054 0.01638147 0.01638147
1 0.86732054 0.86484743 -0.00556525 0.00556525
2 0.86484743 0.86568624 0.00188401 0.00188401
3 0.86568624 0.86540212 -0.00063856 0.00063856
4 0.86540212 0.8654984 0.00021634 0.00021634
5 0.8654984 0.86546578 -7.3306E-05 7.3306E-05
6 0.86546578 0.86547683 2.48382E-05 2.48382E-05
7 0.86547683 0.86547309 -8.416E-06 8.41601E-06
8 0.86547309 0.86547435 2.85162E-06 2.85162E-06
9 0.86547435 0.86547392 -9.6622E-07 9.6622E-07
10 0.86547392 0.86547407 3.27387E-07 3.27387E-07
11 0.86547407 0.86547402 -1.1093E-07 1.10929E-07
12 0.86547402 0.86547404 3.75864E-08 3.75864E-08
13 0.86547404 0.86547403 -1.2736E-08 1.27355E-08
14 0.86547403 0.86547403 4.3152E-09 4.3152E-09
15 0.86547403 0.86547403 -1.4621E-09 1.46213E-09
16 0.86547403 0.86547403 4.95418E-10 4.95418E-10
17 0.86547403 0.86547403 -1.6786E-10 1.67864E-10

El valor de x, 0.86547403
 f(x) vs x

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

x
 f(x, aprox) 0.00142549

f(xl)f(xr) |f(xr)|
2.335163E-05 0.00142549
-8.705749E-06 0.00610719
-3.330353E-06 0.00233629
-6.475381E-07 0.00045426
6.926493E-07 0.0004859
7.723094E-09 1.58943E-05
-3.483452E-09 0.00021916
-1.61534E-09 0.00010163
-6.813376E-10 4.28667E-05
-2.143494E-10 1.34859E-05
1.91413E-11 1.20428E-06
-7.395262E-12 6.14079E-06
-2.972475E-12 2.46825E-06
-7.610852E-13 6.31981E-07
3.446086E-13 2.86152E-07
-4.947983E-14 1.72914E-07
1.62016E-14 5.66189E-08
-3.292261E-15 5.81478E-08
-4.328321E-17 7.64466E-10
1.581206E-15 2.79272E-08
3.792894E-16 1.35814E-08
8.703546E-17 6.40845E-09
1.808458E-17 2.82199E-09
2.903157E-18 1.02876E-09
1.359486E-19 1.32148E-10
-4.177974E-20 3.16159E-10
Ejemplo aplicado

No. Sustancia Tc (K) Pc (kPa) Pc (atm)

1 Azano 405.65 11280 111.32

P (atm) 10 h 0.01
a (atmL2/mol2) 4.1991104
b (L/mol) 0.0373767
R (atmL/molK) 0.08206
T (K) 523.15

Método gráfico

Método del punto fijo

V f(V) g(V) g´(V)
0.01 -1192.78 0.03839877 0.20437304848336
0.02 -225.5198 0.04146218 0.40816281431758 200
0.03 -77.42059 0.04655815 0.61079017098722
0
0.04 -36.01865 0.0536722 0.8116842490648 0 0.5 1
-200
0.05 -21.60074 0.0627842 1.01028642798118
-400
0.06 -16.31515 0.07386848 1.20605416692007
f(V)

0.07 -14.64652 0.08689409 1.39846462652417 -600

0.08 -14.53782 0.10182491 1.58701803744284 -800
0.09 -15.12306 0.11862001 1.77124077692496 -1000
-1200
-1400
 -400

f(V)
-600
-800
-1000
0.1 -16.00723 0.13723381 1.95068812051365 -1200
0.11 -17.00069 0.15761647 2.12494664226053
-1400
0.12 -18.01009 0.17971417 2.2936362435694
0.13 -18.98951 0.20346948 2.45641179761983
0.14 -19.9174 0.22882166 2.61296440313339
0.15 -20.78489 0.25570711 2.76302224786163
0.16 -21.58983 0.28405967 2.90635108844316
0.17 -22.33356 0.31381104 3.04275435906422
0.18 -23.01916 0.34489114 3.17207292655406
0.19 -23.65049 0.37722848 3.29418451406678
0.2 -24.23162 0.41075052 3.40900281928681
0.21 -24.76662 0.44538405 3.51647635611146
0.22 -25.25933 0.4810555 3.61658705100194
0.23 -25.71335 0.51769129 3.70934862666654
0.24 -26.13197 0.55521812 3.79480480648001
0.25 -26.51819 0.59356327 3.8730273731003
0.26 -26.87476 0.63265487 3.94411411418167
0.27 -27.20413 0.67242217 4.00818668697429
0.28 -27.50853 0.7127957 4.06538843202465
0.29 -27.78998 0.75370757 4.11588216423077
0.3 -28.0503 0.79509158 4.15984796724562
0.31 -28.29112 0.83688342 4.19748101474124
0.32 -28.51394 0.87902079 4.22898943942206
0.33 -28.7201 0.92144352 4.25459226798043
0.34 -28.91082 0.96409371 4.27451743748217
0.35 -29.08721 1.00691573 4.28899990601286
0.36 -29.25028 1.04985636 4.29827986785149
0.37 -29.40096 1.0928648 4.30260108100711
0.38 -29.54007 1.13589268 4.30220931268574
0.39 -29.66838 1.1788941 4.29735090617085
0.4 -29.78661 1.22182562 4.28827147071719
0.41 -29.89539 1.26464627 4.27521469438149
0.42 -29.99531 1.30731746 4.25842127824845
0.43 -30.08691 1.34980303 4.23812798925283
0.44 -30.17071 1.39206913 4.21456682774297
0.45 -30.24715 1.43408423 4.18796430506682
0.46 -30.31668 1.47581901 4.15854082577733
0.47 -30.37968 1.51724635 4.12651016853493
0.48 -30.43651 1.55834122 4.09207905941614
0.49 -30.48752 1.5990806 4.05544683110333
0.5 -30.53303 1.63944346 4.01680516131497
0.51 -30.57332 1.67941062 3.97633788382304
0.52 -30.60868 1.71896471 3.93422086547961
0.53 -30.63934 1.7580901 3.89062194282303
0.54 -30.66556 1.79677275 3.84570091204337
0.55 -30.68755 1.83500021 3.79960956634331
0.56 -30.70552 1.87276152 3.75249177502435
0.57 -30.71966 1.91004708 3.70448359894887
0.58 -30.73016 1.94684865 3.65571343736712
0.59 -30.73719 1.98315922 3.60630220144751
0.6 -30.74091 2.01897294 3.55636351020211
0.61 -30.74146 2.05428508 3.50600390485065
0.62 -30.73899 2.08909195 3.4553230780128
0.63 -30.73364 2.12339078 3.40441411445409
0.64 -30.72552 2.15717976 3.35336374043483
0.65 -30.71476 2.19045786 3.3022525790199
0.66 -30.70147 2.22322486 3.25115540899965
0.67 -30.68576 2.25548124 3.20014142534665
0.68 -30.66772 2.28722818 3.14927449938976
0.69 -30.64744 2.31846742 3.09861343712467
0.7 -30.62503 2.34920131 3.04821223429962
0.71 -30.60056 2.3794327 2.99812032711634
0.72 -30.57411 2.4091649 2.94838283756963
0.73 -30.54577 2.43840167 2.8990408126157
0.74 -30.51559 2.46714716 2.85013145650965
0.75 -30.48366 2.49540586 2.80168835578706
0.76 -30.45004 2.52318258 2.75374169648546
0.77 -30.41478 2.55048243 2.70631847330782
0.78 -30.37795 2.57731078 2.65944269052484
0.79 -30.33961 2.60367318 2.61313555449519
0.8 -30.2998 2.62957544 2.567415657755
0.81 -30.25858 2.65502351 2.52229915469002
0.82 -30.21601 2.68002348 2.47779992885729
0.83 -30.17211 2.7045816 2.4339297520684
0.84 -30.12695 2.72870421 2.39069843538456
0.85 -30.08056 2.75239773 2.34811397220527
0.86 -30.03298 2.77566867 2.30618267365801
0.87 -29.98425 2.79852358 2.2649092965172
0.88 -29.93441 2.82096906 2.22429716389647
0.89 -29.8835 2.84301173 2.18434827897056
0.9 -29.83154 2.86465824 2.14506343199136
0.91 -29.77858 2.88591521 2.10644230086832
0.92 -29.72464 2.90678929 2.06848354558611
0.93 -29.66975 2.92728708 2.03118489673281
0.94 -29.61394 2.94741518 1.99454323841081
0.95 -29.55724 2.96718013 1.95855468579898
0.96 -29.49968 2.98658843 1.92321465763089
0.97 -29.44128 3.00564656 1.88851794384756
0.98 -29.38207 3.02436092 1.85445876867733
0.99 -29.32207 3.04273784 1.82103084938777
 1 -29.26129 3.06078362 1.78822745094692
1.01 -29.19978 3.07850445 1.75604143682283
1.02 -29.13753 3.09590648 1.72446531614183
1.03 -29.07459 3.11299576 1.69349128741721
1.04 -29.01096 3.12977828 1.66311127905109
1.05 -28.94666 3.14625994 1.63331698680336
1.06 -28.88171 3.16244655 1.60409990841276
1.07 -28.81614 3.17834383 1.57545137554639
1.08 -28.74995 3.19395744 1.54736258324533
1.09 -28.68316 3.20929292 1.51982461702544
1.1 -28.61579 3.22435574 1.49282847778462
1.11 -28.54786 3.23915127 1.46636510465928
1.12 -28.47937 3.25368479 1.44042539596542
1.13 -28.41034 3.26796149 1.41500022835209
1.14 -28.34079 3.28198648 1.39008047428789
1.15 -28.27073 3.29576475 1.36565701799423
1.16 -28.20017 3.30930124 1.34172076993235
1.17 -28.12913 3.32260076 1.31826267994518
1.18 -28.05761 3.33566806 1.29527374914843
1.19 -27.98562 3.34850777 1.27274504066029
1.2 -27.91319 3.36112446 1.25066768925312
1.21 -27.84031 3.3735226 1.22903291000546
1.22 -27.76701 3.38570657 1.207832006028
1.23 -27.69329 3.39768066 1.18705637533214
1.24 -27.61915 3.40944908 1.16669751690558
1.25 -27.54461 3.42101597 1.14674703605524
1.26 -27.46969 3.43238536 1.12719664907355
1.27 -27.39438 3.44356121 1.10803818728105
1.28 -27.31869 3.4545474 1.089263600494
1.29 -27.24265 3.46534774 1.07086495996305
1.3 -27.16624 3.47596593 1.05283446082555
1.31 -27.08948 3.48640563 1.03516442411122
1.32 -27.01239 3.49667039 1.01784729833838
1.33 -26.93496 3.50676372 1.00087566073507
1.34 -26.8572 3.51668903 0.98424221811716
1.35 -26.77912 3.52644967 0.96793980745331
1.36 -26.70073 3.53604891 0.95196139614445
1.37 -26.62203 3.54548996 0.93630008204341
1.38 -26.54304 3.55477595 0.92094909323876
1.39 -26.46375 3.56390995 0.90590178762474
1.4 -26.38417 3.57289497 0.89115165227799
1.41 -26.30431 3.58173395 0.87669230266001
1.42 -26.22417 3.59042977 0.86251748166285
1.43 -26.14377 3.59898523 0.84862105851445
1.44 -26.0631 3.6074031 0.83499702755855
1.45 -25.98217 3.61568606 0.82163950692302
1.46 -25.90098 3.62383676 0.80854273708962
1.47 -25.81955 3.63185776 0.79570107937671
1.48 -25.73787 3.63975161 0.78310901434611
1.49 -25.65596 3.64752076 0.7707611401439
1.5 -25.5738 3.65516763 0.75865217078447
1.51 -25.49142 3.66269458 0.74677693438636
1.52 -25.40881 3.67010393 0.73513037136747
1.53 -25.32599 3.67739793 0.72370753260702
1.54 -25.24294 3.68457881 0.71250357758058
1.55 -25.15968 3.69164872 0.70151377247429
1.56 -25.07621 3.69860978 0.69073348828359
1.57 -24.99254 3.70546407 0.6801581989016
1.58 -24.90866 3.71221362 0.66978347920149
1.59 -24.82459 3.7188604 0.65960500311718
1.6 -24.74032 3.72540636 0.64961854172583
1.61 -24.65586 3.73185339 0.63981996133582
1.62 -24.57122 3.73820337 0.63020522158303
1.63 -24.48639 3.7444581 0.62077037353824
1.64 -24.40138 3.75061936 0.61151155782824
1.65 -24.31619 3.7566889 0.60242500277268
1.66 -24.23083 3.76266842 0.59350702253876
1.67 -24.14529 3.76855959 0.58475401531556
1.68 -24.05959 3.77436404 0.57616246150937
1.69 -23.97373 3.78008337 0.56772892196161
1.7 -23.8877 3.78571914 0.55945003619047
1.71 -23.80151 3.79127287 0.55132252065715
1.72 -23.71516 3.79674608 0.5433431670579
1.73 -23.62866 3.80214022 0.53550884064232
1.74 -23.54201 3.80745673 0.52781647855878
1.75 -23.45521 3.81269701 0.52026308822734
1.76 -23.36827 3.81786245 0.51284574574069
1.77 -23.28117 3.82295437 0.50556159429342
1.78 -23.19394 3.82797411 0.49840784263982
1.79 -23.10657 3.83292296 0.49138176358042
1.8 -23.01906 3.83780216 0.4844806924774
1.81 -22.93141 3.84261298 0.4777020257988
1.82 -22.84363 3.8473566 0.47104321969165
1.83 -22.75573 3.85203423 0.4645017885838
1.84 -22.66769 3.85664702 0.45807530381443
1.85 -22.57952 3.86119611 0.45176139229297
1.86 -22.49124 3.86568262 0.4455577351864
1.87 -22.40282 3.87010763 0.43946206663444
1.88 -22.31429 3.87447221 0.43347217249257
1.89 -22.22564 3.87877742 0.42758588910253
 1.9 -22.13687 3.88302427 0.42180110208985
1.91 -22.04799 3.88721377 0.4161157451883
1.92 -21.95899 3.89134691 0.41052779909062
1.93 -21.86989 3.89542465 0.40503529032543
1.94 -21.78067 3.89944793 0.39963629015969
1.95 -21.69134 3.90341768 0.3943289135265
1.96 -21.60191 3.9073348 0.38911131797766
1.97 -21.51237 3.9112002 0.38398170266066
1.98 -21.42273 3.91501472 0.3789383073197
1.99 -21.33298 3.91877924 0.37397941132022
2 -21.24314 3.92249459 0.36910333269656
2.01 -21.15319 3.92616158 0.36430842722225
2.02 -21.06315 3.92978102 0.35959308750262
2.03 -20.97301 3.9333537 0.35495574208912
2.04 -20.88278 3.93688039 0.35039485461503
2.05 -20.79246 3.94036185 0.34590892295209
2.06 -20.70204 3.94379882 0.34149647838752
2.07 -20.61153 3.94719202 0.33715608482121
2.08 -20.52093 3.95054217 0.3328863379824
2.09 -20.43024 3.95384998 0.32868586466559
2.1 -20.33947 3.95711612 0.32455332198519
2.11 -20.24861 3.96034127 0.32048739664849
2.12 -20.15766 3.96352608 0.31648680424658
2.13 -20.06664 3.96667122 0.31255028856272
2.14 -19.97553 3.9697773 0.30867662089793
2.15 -19.88433 3.97284495 0.30486459941312
2.16 -19.79306 3.97587479 0.3011130484877
2.17 -19.70171 3.97886741 0.29742081809406
2.18 -19.61028 3.9818234 0.29378678318753
2.19 -19.51878 3.98474334 0.29020984311166
2.2 -19.4272 3.98762779 0.28668892101825
2.21 -19.33554 3.9904773 0.28322296330178
2.22 -19.24381 3.99329242 0.27981093904809
2.23 -19.15201 3.99607369 0.27645183949666
2.24 -19.06013 3.99882163 0.27314467751646
2.25 -18.96819 4.00153676 0.2698884870948
2.26 -18.87617 4.00421957 0.26668232283897
2.27 -18.78409 4.00687057 0.26352525949039
2.28 -18.69193 4.00949024 0.26041639145078
2.29 -18.59971 4.01207905 0.25735483232033
2.29999999999999 -18.50742 4.01463749 0.25433971444726
2.30999999999999 -18.41507 4.017166 0.2513701884887
2.31999999999999 -18.32265 4.01966504 0.24844542298256
2.32999999999999 -18.23017 4.02213505 0.24556460393007
2.33999999999999 -18.13763 4.02457648 0.24272693438866
2.34999999999999 -18.04502 4.02698973 0.23993163407513
2.35999999999999 -17.95235 4.02937525 0.23717793897863
2.36999999999999 -17.85962 4.03173343 0.23446510098328
2.37999999999999 -17.76683 4.03406468 0.23179238750022
2.38999999999999 -17.67398 4.03636941 0.22915908110881
2.39999999999999 -17.58107 4.03864799 0.22656447920672
2.40999999999999 -17.48811 4.04090083 0.22400789366875
2.41999999999999 -17.39509 4.04312828 0.22148865051409
2.42999999999999 -17.30201 4.04533072 0.21900608958187
2.43999999999999 -17.20887 4.04750852 0.21655956421471
2.44999999999999 -17.11568 4.04966203 0.21414844095011
2.45999999999999 -17.02244 4.0517916 0.21177209921949
2.46999999999999 -16.92914 4.05389759 0.20942993105462
2.47999999999999 -16.83578 4.05598031 0.20712134080139
2.48999999999999 -16.74238 4.05804012 0.20484574484049
2.49999999999999 -16.64892 4.06007734 0.20260257131509
2.50999999999999 -16.55542 4.06209228 0.20039125986517
2.51999999999999 -16.46186 4.06408527 0.19821126136833
2.52999999999999 -16.36825 4.06605661 0.19606203768703
2.53999999999999 -16.27459 4.06800661 0.19394306142197
2.54999999999999 -16.18088 4.06993557 0.19185381567154
2.55999999999999 -16.08713 4.07184378 0.18979379379709
2.56999999999999 -15.99332 4.07373154 0.18776249919396
2.57999999999999 -15.89947 4.07559913 0.18575944506809
2.58999999999999 -15.80557 4.07744682 0.18378415421808
2.59999999999999 -15.71163 4.0792749 0.18183615882244
2.60999999999999 -15.61764 4.08108363 0.17991500023216
2.61999999999999 -15.52361 4.08287329 0.17802022876815
2.62999999999999 -15.42953 4.08464412 0.17615140352367
2.63999999999999 -15.3354 4.0863964 0.17430809217149
2.64999999999999 -15.24124 4.08813037 0.17248987077569
2.65999999999999 -15.14702 4.08984628 0.17069632360802
2.66999999999999 -15.05277 4.09154438 0.16892704296862
2.67999999999999 -14.95848 4.0932249 0.16718162901111
2.68999999999999 -14.86414 4.09488809 0.16545968957177
2.69999999999999 -14.76976 4.09653417 0.16376084000288
2.70999999999999 -14.67534 4.09816338 0.16208470301003
2.71999999999999 -14.58088 4.09977594 0.16043090849322
2.72999999999999 -14.48638 4.10137207 0.15879909339186
2.73999999999999 -14.39184 4.10295199 0.15718890153336
2.74999999999999 -14.29726 4.10451592 0.15559998348532
2.75999999999999 -14.20264 4.10606406 0.15403199641124
2.76999999999998 -14.10799 4.10759663 0.15248460392963
2.77999999999998 -14.01329 4.10911382 0.15095747597641
2.78999999999998 -13.91856 4.11061585 0.14945028867056
2.79999999999998 -13.82379 4.11210289 0.14796272418296
2.80999999999998 -13.72899 4.11357516 0.14649447060823
2.81999999999998 -13.63415 4.11503285 0.14504522183963
2.82999999999998 -13.53927 4.11647613 0.14361467744684
2.83999999999998 -13.44435 4.1179052 0.14220254255664
2.84999999999998 -13.34941 4.11932024 0.14080852773627
2.85999999999998 -13.25442 4.12072143 0.1394323488796
2.86999999999998 -13.15941 4.12210895 0.13807372709584
2.87999999999998 -13.06435 4.12348296 0.13673238860093
2.88999999999998 -12.96927 4.12484365 0.13540806461134
2.89999999999998 -12.87415 4.12619118 0.13410049124035
2.90999999999998 -12.779 4.12752572 0.13280940939673
2.91999999999998 -12.68381 4.12884742 0.13153456468571
2.92999999999998 -12.58859 4.13015646 0.13027570731228
2.93999999999998 -12.49334 4.13145299 0.12903259198658
2.94999999999998 -12.39806 4.13273717 0.1278049778316
2.95999999999998 -12.30275 4.13400914 0.12659262829285
2.96999999999998 -12.20741 4.13526907 0.12539531105015
2.97999999999998 -12.11203 4.1365171 0.12421279793138
2.98999999999998 -12.01663 4.13775337 0.12304486482826
2.99999999999998 -11.92119 4.13897804 0.12189129161391
3.00999999999998 -11.82573 4.14019125 0.12075186206234
3.01999999999998 -11.73023 4.14139313 0.11962636376977
3.02999999999998 -11.63471 4.14258382 0.11851458807768
3.03999999999998 -11.53915 4.14376346 0.11741632999755
3.04999999999998 -11.44357 4.14493219 0.11633138813735
3.05999999999998 -11.34796 4.14609013 0.11525956462962
3.06999999999998 -11.25232 4.14723742 0.1142006650612
3.07999999999998 -11.15665 4.14837419 0.11315449840445
3.08999999999998 -11.06096 4.14950056 0.11212087695004
3.09999999999998 -10.96524 4.15061665 0.11109961624123
3.10999999999998 -10.86949 4.15172259 0.11009053500957
3.11999999999998 -10.77371 4.1528185 0.10909345511208
3.12999999999998 -10.67791 4.1539045 0.10810820146969
3.13999999999998 -10.58208 4.1549807 0.10713460200715
3.14999999999998 -10.48622 4.15604723 0.10617248759422
3.15999999999998 -10.39034 4.15710419 0.10522169198811
3.16999999999998 -10.29443 4.1581517 0.10428205177719
3.17999999999998 -10.1985 4.15918987 0.10335340632594
3.18999999999998 -10.10254 4.1602188 0.10243559772113
3.19999999999998 -10.00656 4.16123861 0.10152847071903
3.20999999999998 -9.910553 4.16224941 0.10063187269395
3.21999999999998 -9.814521 4.16325129 0.09974565358771
3.22999999999997 -9.718465 4.16424435 0.09886966586035
3.23999999999997 -9.622385 4.16522871 0.09800376444178
3.24999999999997 -9.526281 4.16620446 0.09714780668452
3.25999999999997 -9.430153 4.1671717 0.09630165231746
3.26999999999997 -9.334002 4.16813053 0.09546516340059
3.27999999999997 -9.237828 4.16908104 0.09463820428069
3.28999999999997 -9.14163 4.17002332 0.09382064154797
3.29999999999997 -9.04541 4.17095748 0.0930123439936
3.30999999999997 -8.949167 4.1718836 0.09221318256822
3.31999999999997 -8.852902 4.17280177 0.09142303034121
3.32999999999997 -8.756615 4.17371209 0.09064176246093
3.33999999999997 -8.660306 4.17461464 0.0898692561157
3.34999999999997 -8.563975 4.17550951 0.0891053904957
3.35999999999997 -8.467622 4.17639678 0.08835004675554
3.36999999999997 -8.371248 4.17727653 0.08760310797774
3.37999999999997 -8.274853 4.17814887 0.0868644591369
3.38999999999997 -8.178437 4.17901385 0.08613398706461
3.39999999999997 -8.082 4.17987157 0.08541158041512
3.40999999999997 -7.985542 4.18072211 0.08469712963174
3.41999999999997 -7.889064 4.18156554 0.08399052691385
3.42999999999997 -7.792566 4.18240195 0.08329166618468
3.43999999999997 -7.696047 4.1832314 0.08260044305972
3.44999999999997 -7.599508 4.18405398 0.08191675481575
3.45999999999997 -7.50295 4.18486976 0.08124050036056
3.46999999999997 -7.406372 4.18567881 0.08057158020323
3.47999999999997 -7.309775 4.18648122 0.0799098964251
3.48999999999997 -7.213158 4.18727704 0.07925535265122
3.49999999999997 -7.116522 4.18806635 0.07860785402247
3.50999999999997 -7.019867 4.18884922 0.0779673071682
3.51999999999997 -6.923194 4.18962571 0.07733362017947
3.52999999999997 -6.826501 4.19039591 0.07670670258276
3.53999999999997 -6.72979 4.19115987 0.07608646531426
3.54999999999997 -6.633061 4.19191766 0.07547282069469
3.55999999999997 -6.536314 4.19266935 0.07486568240456
3.56999999999997 -6.439549 4.193415 0.07426496545999
3.57999999999997 -6.342766 4.19415467 0.07367058618902
3.58999999999997 -6.245965 4.19488843 0.07308246220828
3.59999999999997 -6.149146 4.19561634 0.07250051240029
3.60999999999997 -6.05231 4.19633846 0.07192465689108
3.61999999999997 -5.955457 4.19705485 0.07135481702832
3.62999999999997 -5.858587 4.19776558 0.07079091535987
3.63999999999997 -5.761699 4.19847069 0.07023287561269
3.64999999999997 -5.664795 4.19917025 0.06968062267232
3.65999999999997 -5.567874 4.19986432 0.06913408256258
3.66999999999997 -5.470937 4.20055295 0.06859318242578
3.67999999999997 -5.373982 4.2012362 0.06805785050331
3.68999999999997 -5.277012 4.20191413 0.06752801611657
3.69999999999996 -5.180025 4.20258678 0.06700360964829
3.70999999999996 -5.083023 4.20325422 0.06648456252422
3.71999999999996 -4.986004 4.20391649 0.06597080719517
3.72999999999996 -4.88897 4.20457365 0.06546227711941
3.73999999999996 -4.791919 4.20522575 0.06495890674536
3.74999999999996 -4.694854 4.20587285 0.06446063149469
3.75999999999996 -4.597772 4.20651498 0.06396738774568
3.76999999999996 -4.500676 4.20715221 0.06347911281697
3.77999999999996 -4.403564 4.20778458 0.06299574495151
3.78999999999996 -4.306437 4.20841214 0.06251722330093
3.79999999999996 -4.209296 4.20903494 0.06204348791018
3.80999999999996 -4.112139 4.20965303 0.06157447970238
3.81999999999996 -4.014968 4.21026645 0.0611101404641
3.82999999999996 -3.917782 4.21087525 0.06065041283078
3.83999999999996 -3.820581 4.21147947 0.06019524027252
3.84999999999996 -3.723366 4.21207917 0.05974456708012
3.85999999999996 -3.626137 4.21267438 0.05929833835133
3.86999999999996 -3.528894 4.21326515 0.05885649997742
3.87999999999996 -3.431636 4.21385152 0.05841899863001
3.88999999999996 -3.334365 4.21443354 0.05798578174806
3.89999999999996 -3.237079 4.21501125 0.05755679752521
3.90999999999996 -3.13978 4.21558469 0.05713199489727
3.91999999999996 -3.042468 4.21615391 0.05671132353003
3.92999999999996 -2.945142 4.21671893 0.05629473380718
3.93999999999996 -2.847802 4.21727981 0.05588217681858
3.94999999999996 -2.750449 4.21783659 0.05547360434865
3.95999999999996 -2.653083 4.2183893 0.05506896886504
3.96999999999996 -2.555703 4.21893798 0.05466822350746
3.97999999999996 -2.458311 4.21948268 0.05427132207674
3.98999999999996 -2.360906 4.22002342 0.05387821902411
3.99999999999996 -2.263487 4.22056025 0.0534888694406
4.00999999999996 -2.166056 4.22109321 0.05310322904676
4.01999999999996 -2.068613 4.22162233 0.05272125418243
4.02999999999996 -1.971157 4.22214765 0.05234290179681
4.03999999999996 -1.873688 4.2226692 0.05196812943862
4.04999999999996 -1.776207 4.22318702 0.05159689524653
4.05999999999996 -1.678713 4.22370115 0.05122915793965
4.06999999999996 -1.581208 4.22421162 0.05086487680831
4.07999999999996 -1.48369 4.22471846 0.05050401170494
4.08999999999996 -1.386161 4.22522171 0.05014652303509
4.09999999999996 -1.288619 4.2257214 0.04979237174868
4.10999999999996 -1.191066 4.22621757 0.04944151933139
4.11999999999996 -1.0935 4.22671024 0.04909392779614
4.12999999999996 -0.995923 4.22719946 0.0487495596748
4.13999999999996 -0.898335 4.22768524 0.04840837801
 4.14999999999996 -0.800735 4.22816763 0.04807034634714
4.15999999999996 -0.703123 4.22864666 0.04773542872645
4.16999999999996 -0.605501 4.22912235 0.04740358967528
4.17999999999996 -0.507866 4.22959474 0.04707479420049
4.18999999999996 -0.410221 4.23006386 0.04674900778095
4.19999999999996 -0.312565 4.23052973 0.04642619636025
4.20999999999995 -0.214897 4.23099239 0.04610632633942
4.21999999999995 -0.117219 4.23145187 0.04578936456988
Vl 4.22999999999995 -0.01953 4.23190819 0.04547527834649 V, aprox (L/gmol)
Vu 4.23999999999995 0.0781704 4.23236138 0.04516403540065 f(V, aprox)
4.24999999999995 0.1758811 4.23281148 0.04485560389366

Método de la bisección El cambio de variable x = V

k xl xu xr f(xl) f(xu)
0 4.23 4.24 4.23499999999995 -0.0195297 0.07817035406584
1 4.23 4.235 4.23249999999995 -0.0195297 0.02931897913471
2 4.23 4.2325 4.23124999999995 -0.0195297 0.00489430020391
3 4.23125 4.2325 4.23187499999995 -0.00731779 0.00489430020391
4 4.231875 4.2325 4.23218749999995 -0.00121176 0.00489430020391
5 4.231875 4.2321875 4.23203124999995 -0.00121176 0.0018412626991
6 4.231875 4.23203125 4.23195312499995 -0.00121176 0.00031474789624
7 4.2319531 4.23203125 4.23199218749995 -0.00044851 0.00031474789624
8 4.2319922 4.23203125 4.23201171874995 -6.688E-05 0.00031474789624
9 4.2319922 4.23201172 4.23200195312495 -6.688E-05 0.00012393373103
10 4.2319922 4.23200195 4.23199707031245 -6.688E-05 2.8526663861E-05
11 4.2319971 4.23200195 4.2319995117187 -1.9177E-05 2.8526663861E-05
12 4.2319971 4.23199951 4.23199829101558 -1.9177E-05 4.6748986762E-06
13 4.2319983 4.23199951 4.23199890136714 -7.251E-06 4.6748986762E-06
14 4.2319989 4.23199951 4.23199920654292 -1.288E-06 4.6748986762E-06
15 4.2319989 4.23199921 4.23199905395503 -1.288E-06 1.6934280822E-06

V (L/gmol) 4.2320

Método de Newton – Raphson

El cambio de variable x = V

k x f(x) f´(x) |f(x)|

0 4.23 -0.0195297 9.76946705550504 0.0195297
1 4.2319991 2.15732E-07 9.76968283902197 2.15732E-07
 2 4.231999 0 9.76968283664008 0

V (L/gmol) 4.2320

Método del punto fijo

El cambio de variable x = V

k x g(x) f(x) |f(x)|

0 4.23 4.23190819 -0.0195297047953 0.0195297
1 4.2319082 4.23199491 -0.0008875181659 0.00088752
2 4.2319949 4.23199885 -4.0305992151E-05 4.0306E-05
3 4.2319988 4.23199902 -1.8304119465E-06 1.83041E-06
4 4.231999 4.23199903 -8.312419908E-08 8.31242E-08
5 4.231999 4.23199903 -3.7749074977E-09 3.77491E-09
6 4.231999 4.23199903 -1.7143264586E-10 1.71433E-10
7 4.231999 4.23199903 -7.7875483839E-12 7.78755E-12
8 4.231999 4.23199903 -3.4816594052E-13 3.48166E-13

V (L/gmol) 4.2320
 f(V) vs V
200
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
-1400
V (L/gmol)
 -400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
-1400
V (L/gmol)
 4.2350
0.02931898

f(xr) f(xl)f(xr) |f(xr)|

0.02931898 -0.00057259 0.02931898
0.0048943 -9.5584E-05 0.0048943
-0.00731779 0.00014291 0.00731779
-0.00121176 8.86743E-06 0.00121176
0.00184126 -2.2312E-06 0.00184126
0.00031475 -3.814E-07 0.00031475
-0.00044851 5.43487E-07 0.00044851
-6.688E-05 2.99964E-08 6.68804E-05
0.00012393 -8.2887E-09 0.00012393
2.85267E-05 -1.9079E-09 2.85267E-05
-1.9177E-05 1.28256E-09 1.91769E-05
4.6749E-06 -8.965E-11 4.6749E-06
-7.251E-06 1.39051E-10 7.25098E-06
-1.288E-06 9.33958E-12 1.28804E-06
1.69343E-06 -2.1812E-12 1.69343E-06
2.02693E-07 -2.6108E-13 2.02693E-07