Ã.Ê.

Êóøíèêîâà

English
Free Conversation
Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå

Ìîñêâà
Èçäàòåëüñòâî «Ôëèíòà»
Èçäàòåëüñòâî «Íàóêà»
2009

1
ÓÄÊ 811.111(075.8)
ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë-923
Ê96

Êóøíèêîâà Ã.Ê.
Ê96 English. Free Conversation : ó÷åá.ïîñîáèå / Ã.Ê.Êóøíèêîâà.
— Ì. : Ôëèíòà : Íàóêà, 2009. — 40 ñ.
ISBN 978-5-9765-0651-0 (Ôëèíòà)
ISBN 978-5-02-034885-1 (Íàóêà)
Ïîñîáèå ïîìîãàåò ðàçâèòü íàâûêè ñïîíòàííîé ðå÷è, íàó÷èòü
îáùàòüñÿ è âûñêàçûâàòü ñâîå ìíåíèå íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå.
Ïðåäñòàâëåíû ïðèìåðíûå ðàçðàáîòêè äèñêóññèé ïî 10 òåìàì.
Ñòðóêòóðà ïîñîáèÿ ïîçâîëÿåò èñïîëüçîâàòü åãî êàê äëÿ àóäèòîðíûõ
çàíÿòèé, òàê è äëÿ ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîãî èçó÷åíèÿ ÿçûêà.
Äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ è àñïèðàíòîâ âóçîâ, èçó÷àþùèõ àíãëèéñêèé
ÿçûê.
ÓÄÊ 811.111(075.8)
ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë-923

Ó÷åáíîå èçäàíèå

Êóøíèêîâà Ãàëèíà Êîíñòàíòèíîâíà

English
Free Conversation
Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå

Ïîäïèñàíî â ïå÷àòü 09.09.2008. Ôîðìàò 60 × 88/16. Ïå÷àòü îôñåòíàÿ.

Óñë. ïå÷. ë. 2,4. Ó÷.-èçä. ë. 1,1. Òèðàæ 1000 ýêç. Èçä. ¹ 1721. Çàêàç
ÎÎÎ «Ôëèíòà», 117342, ã. Ìîñêâà, óë. Áóòëåðîâà, ä.17-Á, êîìí. 345.
Òåë./ôàêñ: (495)334-82-65, òåë.: (495)336-03-11.
E-mail: flinta@mail.ru, flinta@flinta.ru; Website: www.flinta.ru
Èçäàòåëüñòâî «Íàóêà», 117997, ÃÑÏ-7, Ìîñêâà Â-485, óë. Ïðîôñîþçíàÿ, ä. 90.

ISBN 978-5-9765-0651-0 (Ôëèíòà) © Êóøíèêîâà Ã.Ê., 2009

ISBN 978-5-02-034885-1 (Íàóêà) © Èçäàòåëüñòâî «Ôëèíòà», 2009

2
 Contents

Ïðåäèñëîâèå ............................................................................................. 4

Unit 1. Friendship .............................................................................. 6

Unit 2. Happiness ................................................................................ 9
Unit 3. Love ...................................................................................... 12
Unit 4. Smoking, Drinking, Drug-Taking .......................................... 16
Unit 5. Family Life ............................................................................ 19
Unit 6. A House — a Home ................................................................ 22
Unit 7. Teenagers ............................................................................... 26
Unit 8. Education .............................................................................. 30
Unit 9. Marriage and Divorce ............................................................. 34
Unit 10. Crimå .................................................................................... 38

3
 Ïðåäèñëîâèå

Ê âàæíåéøèì àñïåêòàì çíàíèÿ èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà

îòíîñèòñÿ óìåíèå âëàäåòü ñïîíòàííîé ðå÷üþ, óìåíèå îáùàòüñÿ,
óìåíèå âûñêàçàòü ñâîå ìíåíèå. Ôîðìèðîâàíèþ ýòèõ óìåíèé
ìîæåò ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü äàííîå ïîñîáèå, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùåå ñîáîé
ñîâîêóïíîñòü ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ óêàçàíèé ïî ðàçâèòèþ íàâûêîâ
ñïîíòàííîé ðå÷è íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå. Êàæäûé òåìàòè÷åñêèé
ðàçäåë ïîñîáèÿ ñîäåðæèò àêòèâíóþ ëåêñèêó è âîïðîñû,
ñïîñîáñòâóþùèå âûñêàçûâàíèþ îáó÷àþùåãîñÿ.
Âîâëå÷ü îáó÷àþùèõñÿ â äèñêóññèþ íà èíîñòðàííîì ÿçûêå ïî
òîé èëè èíîé òåìå — íåïðîñòàÿ çàäà÷à. Îíà òðåáóåò òùàòåëüíîé
ïîäãîòîâêè è ñîçäàíèÿ îïðåäåëåííîé àòìîñôåðû. Âîò íåêîòîðûå
ïðåäëîæåíèÿ è ÿçûêîâîé ìàòåðèàë äëÿ ïîäãîòîâêè è ïðîâåäåíèÿ
äàííîãî âèäà ðàáîòû â ãðóïïå:
1. Ïåðåä çàíÿòèåì äàòü êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà è âîïðîñû ïî
îáñóæäàåìîé òåìå.
2. Ó÷èòåëü äîëæåí âûñòóïàòü êàê ÷ëåí ãðóïïû. Îáó÷àþùèåñÿ
íå äîëæíû âñòàâàòü ïðè îòâåòå.
3. ×òîáû çàäàâàåìûé ó÷èòåëåì âîïðîñ íå áûë âñòðå÷åí
ìîë÷àíèåì âñåé ãðóïïû, çàäàâàéòå âîïðîñû òèïà: “Do
you agree, X?” èëè “Does anyone think differently?” è ò.ï.
4. Ó÷èòåëü âûñêàçûâàåò ñâîå ìíåíèå, íî íå ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî
îí çíàåò áîëüøå äðóãèõ. Ëó÷øå, åñëè îí âûñêàçûâàåò
ñâîå ìíåíèå â âèäå âîïðîñà. Íàïðèìåð, “Would you agree
that...?”
5. Âûñêàçûâàíèå êàæäîãî ó÷àùåãîñÿ ó÷èòåëü äîëæåí
âûñëóøèâàòü è îáñóæäàòü ñåðüåçíî è óâàæèòåëüíî.
6. Ó÷èòåëü äîëæåí óìåòü ïîääåðæàòü þìîð ó÷àùèõñÿ,
ïðîÿâëÿþùèéñÿ ïðè îáñóæäåíèè äàæå î÷åíü âàæíûõ
âîïðîñîâ.
7. Èñïðàâëåíèå îøèáîê, äîïóùåííûõ ó÷àùèìèñÿ ïðè
âûñêàçûâàíèè, äîëæíî ïðîâîäèòüñÿ ó÷èòåëåì òàêòè÷íî.
4
 Èñïðàâëÿòü ñëåäóåò òîëüêî òå îøèáêè, êîòîðûå ìåøàþò
ïîíÿòü óòâåðæäåíèå, åñëè ó÷àùèéñÿ èñïîëüçóåò ñëîâà
ñ íåâåðíûì çíà÷åíèåì. Íà äðóãèå îøèáêè ìîæíî íå
îáðàùàòü âíèìàíèå, òàê êàê ýòî — íå óðîê ïî ãðàììàòèêå.
8. Î÷åíü âàæíà ïîäãîòîâêà ó÷èòåëÿ äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ äèñêóññèè.
Äèñêóññèÿ íå äîëæíà áûòü èìïðîâèçèðîâàííîé. Ó÷èòåëü
ìîæåò ïðîâîäèòü ïîëíîñòüþ çàïëàíèðîâàííóþ â
ïèñüìåííîì âèäå äèñêóññèþ, íî åãî âîïðîñû äîëæíû
ôóíêöèîíèðîâàòü êàê èìïóëüñû äëÿ äèñêóññèè.
 äàííîì ïîñîáèè ïðèâîäÿòñÿ ïðèìåðíûå ðàçðàáîòêè
äèñêóññèé ïî 10 òåìàì. Ïî êàæäîé òåìå äàåòñÿ ñïèñîê ñëîâ,
âûðàæåíèé è ðå÷åâûõ ìîäåëåé, íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî óïîòðåáëÿþùèõñÿ
ïðè îáñóæäåíèè äàííîé òåìû. Ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ òàêæå âîïðîñû äëÿ
äèñêóññèè. Ïåðåä äèñêóññèåé ó÷àùèåñÿ äîëæíû îçíàêîìèòüñÿ
ñî ñïèñêîì ñëîâ è âûðàæåíèé, çàïîìíèòü íåêîòîðûå ðå÷åâûå
îáðàçöû è îçíàêîìèòüñÿ ñ âîïðîñàìè.
Íåò íåîáõîäèìîñòè îáñóæäàòü âñå âîïðîñû íà îäíîì çàíÿòèè.
Ê íèì ìîæíî âåðíóòüñÿ è íà ñëåäóþùåì óðîêå. Òàêæå íåò
íåîáõîäèìîñòè îáñóæäàòü âîîáùå âñå ïðèâåäåííûå âîïðîñû. Ýòî
çàâèñèò îò ãðóïïû. Íà îäíèõ âîïðîñàõ ìîæíî îñòàíîâèòüñÿ î÷åíü
êðàòêî, à íåêîòîðûå ñîâñåì îïóñòèòü.
Ïîñëå îáñóæäåíèÿ òåìû â àóäèòîðèè ó÷àùèìñÿ ìîæíî
ïðåäëîæèòü íàïèñàòü ñî÷èíåíèå íà äàííóþ òåìó, ïðåäëîæèâ èì
âîñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ñëîâàìè, âûðàæåíèÿìè è âîïðîñàìè ïî äàííîé
òåìå.

5
 Unit 1

Friendship

Words and Word Combinations

real friend íàñòîÿùèé äðóã

close friend áëèçêèé äðóã
company friend ïðèÿòåëü, äðóã äëÿ êîìïàíèè
sincere èñêðåííèé
patient òåðïåëèâûé
sympathetic ñèìïàòè÷íûé
nice ïðåêðàñíûé
kind äîáðûé
to hurt ïðè÷èíÿòü áîëü
to let down ïîäâåñòè, ïîêèíóòü â áåäå
to help each other ïîìîãàòü äðóã äðóãó
to give a helping hand ïîäàòü ðóêó ïîìîùè
to keep strictly a secret ñòðîãî õðàíèòü ñåêðåò
to confide äîâåðÿòü
to confide in ïîëàãàòüñÿ íà
confidence äîâåðèå, óâåðåííîñòü
to have much in common èìåòü ìíîãî îáùåãî
to have a problem with èìåòü ïðîáëåìó â
to be disappointed in a person ðàçî÷àðîâàòüñÿ â êîì-ëèáî
to be in trouble áûòü â áåäå
Speech Patterns

6
I can rely on him. ß ìîãó ïîëîæèòüñÿ íà íåãî.
I can trust him. ß ìîãó äîâåðÿòü åìó.
I like his company. Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ åãî êîìïàíèÿ.
He thinks the same way as I do. Îí äóìàåò òàêæå êàê è ÿ.
I can be natural with him. ß ìîãó áûòü åñòåñòâåííûì ñ íèì.
I can be myself with him. ß ìîãó áûòü ñàìèì ñîáîé ñ íèì.
I was badly let down. Ìåíÿ î÷åíü ïîäâåëè.
Thanks for helping me. Ñïàñèáî çà ïîìîùü.

1. Have you ever thought, “I have no real friends, only people I

keep company with”?
What is the difference between people who are only company and
a real friend?
2. Have you a close friend? Say some words about him/her.
Why is this friendshi p important in your life?
3. Do you know everything about your best friend?
Does he/she know everything about you? Is this important in a
close friendshi p?
If your best friend is in trouble and doesn’t confide in you, what
do you feel?
Do you value friendshi p?
4. Is it important for close friends to think the same way on impor-
tant subjects?
5. Where do you usually meet with your friends?
6. Was there a period in your life when you had no friends?
What was the reason?
What effect did this have on your life?
7. Are there any people who can never have close friends?
Are there any people who don’t want close friends?
Are there people who don’t want any friends?
8. Can aman and awoman be close friends without being in love with
each other?
9. Can your parents be your best friends?
7
10. If you move to a new town, a new school or a new job, do you
make new friends easily?
Why is it more difficult for some people to make friends than it
is for others?
11. Some people say that their best friends are animals. What kind of
friendshi p can a person have with a dog or a cat?
12. Could you say some words about friendshi p among students in
your group?
Is there a mutual understanding and a mutual aid among students
of your group?
Do you help each other in your studies?
Do you spend your free time together?
13. What motives and circumstances cause friendshi p to terminate?
14. There are a lot of proverbs and sayings about friends and friendshi p.
Here are some of them. Try to give your interpretation to these
proverbs.
— A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Äðóçüÿ ïîçíàþòñÿ â áåäå.
— A man is known by the company he keeps.
Ñêàæè ìíå, êòî òâîé äðóã, è ÿ ñêàæó, êòî òû.
— Old friends and old wine are best.
Ñòàðûé äðóã ëó÷øå íîâûõ äâóõ.
— Friendshi p is not bought at a fair.
Äðóæáà íå ïðîäàåòñÿ è íå ïîêóïàåòñÿ.
— A friend to all is a friend to none.
Äðóã äëÿ âñåõ — íèêîìó íå äðóã.

8
 Unit 2

Happiness

Words and Word Combinations

to find happiness íàéòè ñ÷àñòüå

to make oneself happy ñäåëàòü ñåáÿ ñ÷àñòëèâûì
to make other people happy ñäåëàòü äðóãèõ ëþäåé ñ÷àñòëèâûìè
to hurt ïðè÷èíÿòü áîëü
to have good conscience èìåòü ÷èñòóþ ñîâåñòü
to have bad conscience èìåòü íå÷èñòóþ ñîâåñòü
person’s attitude to life îòíîøåíèå ÷åëîâåêà ê æèçíè
loneliness îäèíî÷åñòâî
lonely îäèíîêèé, òîìÿùèéñÿ
â îäèíî÷åñòâå
to feel lonely ÷óâñòâîâàòü ñåáÿ îäèíîêèì
guilt âèíà, âèíîâíîñòü
guilty âèíîâàòûé
feeling of guilt ÷óâñòâî âèíû
youth ìîëîäåæü
health çäîðîâüå
wealth áîãàòñòâî
power ñèëà, âëàñòü
by accident ñëó÷àéíî
cheerful áîäðûé, âåñåëûé
gloomy ìðà÷íûé
merry = gay âåñåëûé
selfish ýãîèñòè÷íûé
unselfish áåñêîðûñòíûé
modest ñêðîìíûé
lucky óäà÷íûé, óäà÷ëèâûé
unlucky íåóäà÷íûé
Speech Patterns
9
He was the happiest of the Îí áûë ñàìûì ñ÷àñòëèâûì
happy. èç âñåõ.
He is perfectly happy. Îí âïîëíå ñ÷àñòëèâ.
If you only knew how happy Åñëè áû Âû òîëüêî çíàëè, êàê
I am. ÿ ñ÷àñòëèâ.
That gives me great pleasure. Ýòî äîñòàâëÿåò ìíå áîëüøîå
óäîâîëüñòâèå.
I am happy as the day is long. ß íèêîãäà íå óíûâàþ.
It was the most wonderful Ýòî áûëà ñàìàÿ çàìå÷àòåëüíàÿ
moment in my life. ìèíóòà â ìîåé æèçíè.
Her eyes radiated love and Åå ãëàçà èñêðèëèñü ëþáîâüþ è
joy. ðàäîñòüþ.

1. How important are these factors in being happy?

money
being young
good health
good friends
interesting work
love
food
having a car, a nice house, a fur coat, etc.
power — telling other people what to do
Does happiness depend on factors like these?
2. Does happiness depend on a person’s attitude to life or his attitude
to other people?
3. Does happiness come to us by accident?
In what way can we make ourselves happy?
Some people who are seriously ill appear to be happy all the time.
How is it possible?
4. Is it better not to think about being happy or unhappy?
5. What are the things in your daily life that constantly make you
happy?
6. How could you be happier than you are now?
10
 7. Are these factors important in unhappiness?
being without love
being ill
having nothing to do
being lonely
hurting someone else
8. Who is the happiest person you know?
Why is he/she happy?
9. What can a lonely woman do to make her life happy?
10. If a person cares for the happiness of other people, will he be
happy himself?
11. Are men and women happy in different ways and for different
reasons?
12. Why do some people have a feeling of guilt when they are very
happy? Is it wrong or selfish to be happy?
13. Is it important to be happy?
14. Read the proverbs. Try to give your interpretation to them.
— You never know the value of water till the well is dry.
×òî èìååì — íå õðàíèì, ïîòåðÿåì — ïëà÷åì.
— He laughs best who laughs last.
Õîðîøî ñìååòñÿ òîò, êòî ñìååòñÿ ïîñëåäíèì.
— There is no smoke without fire.
Íåò äûìà áåç îãíÿ.
— Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
Ñëîâî — ñåðåáðî, ìîë÷àíèå — çîëîòî.

11
 Unit 3

Love

Words and Word Combinations

relationshi p îòíîøåíèå, âçàèìîîòíîøåíèå, ñâÿçü

friendshi p äðóæáà
love affair ëþáîâíàÿ ñâÿçü
affection ïðèâÿçàííîñòü
desire æåëàíèå (for), ñòðàñòü, ìå÷òà
to infatuate âñêðóæèòü ãîëîâó, ñâåñòè ñ óìà
infatuate îñëåïèòåëüíûé, âëþáëåííûé äî áåçóìèÿ
infatuation ñëåïîå óâëå÷åíèå
sympathy ñèìïàòèÿ, ñî÷óâñòâèå, ñîñòðàäàíèå (for)
to fascinate î÷àðîâûâàòü, ïëåíÿòü
fascinating îáâîðîæèòåëüíûé, î÷àðîâàòåëüíûé
fascination î÷àðîâàíèå
attraction ïðèâëåêàòåëüíîñòü, ïðåëåñòü
attractive ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûé
pity æàëîñòü, ñîñòðàäàíèå, ñîæàëåíèå
to have pity on = ñæàëèòüñÿ íàä
to take pity on
lovable ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûé, ïëåíèòåëüíûé, ìèëûé
insensitive íå÷óâñòâèòåëüíûé
cold õîëîäíûé
loveless íåëþáÿùèé, íåëþáèìûé
to adore îáîæàòü, ïîêëîíÿòüñÿ
to bore íàäîåäàòü
Speech Patterns
12
He was interested in her. Îí çàèíòåðåñîâàëñÿ åþ.
He was attracted by her. Îíà ïðèâëåêëà åãî âíèìàíèå.
He fell in love with her. Îí âëþáèëñÿ â íåå.
He adored her. Îí îáîæàë åå.
He bored her. Îí íàäîåäàë åé.
She got tired of him. Îíà óñòàëà îò íåãî.
She left him. Îíà îñòàâèëà åãî.

1. A question for men:

What is an attractive woman?
Are these qualities important for you?
tenderness
beauty
intelligence
a sense of humour
an interesting personality
good manners
2. A question for women:
What is an attractive man?
Are these qualities important for you?
politeness
friendliness
strength
good looks
money
intelligence
an interesting personality
3. Is it possible to live without love?
Are there any people who can never love?
Does this harm them? How?
Was there a period in your life when you didn’t love anyone?
What difference did this make in your life?
4. Do you find it more important to love or to be loved?
13
 5. What is it in another person that makes you love him/her?
6. What can you do when someone loves you whom you don’t love?
How do you feel in this situation?
7. What is the difference in the love we feel for our family and the
love we feel for our lovers, wives, husbands? Is there any differ-
ence?
Christianity teaches: “Love one another”. Is this another kind of
love?
8. Is there a real difference between deep friendshi p and love?
9. When people are asked what made their love die, they often say
things like this:
“We didn’t see each other for three months.”
“She began to bore me.”
“He stopped paying attention to me.”
“She was only interested in herself.”
“He lied to me.”
“I liked him but didn’t love him.”
“It was a one-sided love.”
“We don’t love each other and we both put a face on it.”
Are all these things important in causing love to die?
10. Are these factors important in preserving love?
caring for each other
maturity
honesty
not always being together
11. Could you say some words about your love?
12. Read the proverbs. Try to give your interpretation to them.
— Love cannot be forced.
Íàñèëüíî ìèë íå áóäåøü.
— Your love comes and goes like the wind.
Òâîÿ ëþáîâü ïåðåìåí÷èâà êàê âåòåð.
13. Here are some sentences concerning love:

I am terribly fond of him. Îí ìíå óæàñíî íðàâèòñÿ.

14
I feel in love with him at first sight. ß âëþáèëàñü â íåãî
ñ ïåðâîãî âçãëÿäà.
My heart melts when I see him. Ìîå ñåðäöå òàåò, êîãäà
ÿ âèæó åãî.
I am swimming in love. ß íà âåðøèíå áëàæåíñòâà
îò ëþáâè.
He was over head and ear in love. Îí áûë ïî óøè âëþáëåí.
He simply adores me. Îí ìåíÿ ïðîñòî îáîæàåò.
I loved him warmly and sincerely. ß ëþáèëà åãî ãîðÿ÷î è
ïðåäàííî.
I loved him tenderly. ß íåæíî ëþáèëà åãî.
She made eyes at him. Îíà ñòðîèëà åìó ãëàçêè.
It was love at first sight. Ýòî áûëà ëþáîâü
ñ ïåðâîãî âçãëÿäà.
It was her first love. Ýòî áûëà åå ïåðâàÿ
ëþáîâü.
It was mutual love. Ýòî áûëà âçàèìíàÿ
ëþáîâü.
I have done with her. ß ïîðâàë ñ íåé.
He never had any feeling for her. Ó íåãî íèêîãäà íå áûëî
ê íåé íèêàêîãî ÷óâñòâà.
I’ve fallen out of love. ß óæå ðàçëþáèë.

15
 Unit 4

Smoking, Drinking, Drug-Taking

Words and Word Combinations

smoker êóðèëüùèê
tobacco òàáàê
cigarette ñèãàðåòà
cigarette lighter çàæèãàëêà
nicotine íèêîòèí
lung cancer ðàê ëåãêîãî
to calm one’s nerves óñïîêîèòü íåðâû
to give up smoking áðîñèòü êóðèòü
drinker ïüþùèé, ïüÿíèöà
to drink heavily (hard) ïèòü ñèëüíî
to drink moderately ïèòü óìåðåííî
to get drunk ñòàòü ïüÿíûì
drunkenness ïüÿíñòâî
in the state of drunkenness ñïüÿíó
alcohol àëêîãîëü, ñïèðò
alcoholic àëêîãîëèê
alcoholism àëêîãîëèçì
to prohibit alcohol (drugs) çàïðåòèòü àëêîãîëü (íàðêîòèêè)
prohibition çàïðåùåíèå
sale of alcohol ïðîäàæà àëêîãîëÿ
addict íàðêîìàí
addiction ñêëîííîñòü, ïàãóáíàÿ
ïðèâû÷êà

16
 Speech Patterns

I’ve given up (left off) ß áðîñèë êóðèòü.

smoking.
I abstain from smoking. ß âîçäåðæèâàþñü îò êóðåíèÿ.
I abstain from taking wine. ß âîçäåðæèâàþñü îò âûïèâêè.
I never touch (take) wine. ß âèíà â ðîò íå áåðó.
I’m a moderate drinker. ß ïüþ óìåðåííî.
I’m moderate in drinking. ß ïüþ óìåðåííî.
He doesn’t take alcohol and Îí íå óïîòðåáëÿåò íè àëêîãîëÿ,
drugs. íè íàðêîòèêîâ.
He drinks hard. Îí ìíîãî ïüåò.
He is fond of bottle. Îí ëþáèò âûïèòü.
I object to your smoking. ß ïðîòèâ òîãî, ÷òîáû Âû
êóðèëè.
I am a heavy smoker. ß ìíîãî êóðþ.
Smokers shorten their lives. Êóðèëüùèêè ñîêðàùàþò ñâîþ
æèçíü.
Care for your health. Ïîçàáîòüòåñü î ñâîåì çäîðîâüå.
Sport makes me strong and Ñïîðò äåëàåò ìåíÿ ñèëüíûì è
healthy. çäîðîâûì.

1. We know that tobacco, alcohol and different drugs are expensive,

habit-forming and in some degree harmful to our health, but
some people use them.
Are tobacco, alcohol and drugs necessary to live?
Why do we smoke and drink? Are these things necessary to a
happy life?
2. It seems certain that there is a connection between cigarette —
smoking and lung cancer, but people smoke as much today as
they ever did.
Why do we take this risk with our lives?
3. Why do we smoke? Are these some of the important satisfactions
in smoking?

17
 It calms your nerves.
You like to have something in your hand or mouth.
You like the smell of tobacco.
Smoking makes you more relaxed when you are with other people.
4. What do you think of smokers?
Do they think it is their own business?
Do smokers care about others?
Do they think smoking is dangerous for a person who lives in the
same flat with a smoker?
Do you think smoking in the office is polite?
5. Alcohol has been proved to have harmful effects on our mental
and physical health. Is this a good reason for prohibiting the sale
of alcohol?
6. Are there the laws on the selling and drinking alcohol in our
country? Are these laws satisfactory?
What changes would you like to see in these laws?
What effect do the laws have on the way people drink?
7. Some parents teach their children that they must never have a
drink. They tell them that if a person once begins to drink he will
never be able to stop. Are they right?
What would you teach your own children about alcohol?
Are there any good ways of introducing young people to alcohol?
At what age should young people be allowed to drink wine?
8. Can alcohol help people to relax and enjoy life? How?
Has alcohol any good features? What are they?
Does it make us more relaxed when we communicate with other
people?
9. Express your attitude to the women who drink alcohol too much.
10. Is it possible to drink in a civilized way?
What is your idea of good drinking habits?
Would you criticize the drinking habits of people in your country?
11. Express your attitude to the using of drugs by some young people.
Is the using of drugs addiction?
Are addicts ill people?

18
 Unit 5

Family Life

Words and Word Combinations

to affect âëèÿòü íà
to grow up ðàñòè, ñòàíîâèòüñÿ âçðîñëûì
to avoid èçáåãàòü
to bring up âîñïèòûâàòü
to pay attention to îáðàùàòü âíèìàíèå
too much attention ñëèøêîì ìíîãî âíèìàíèÿ
to spoil a child èñïîðòèòü ðåáåíêà
a spoilt child èñïîð÷åííûé ðåáåíîê
the only child åäèíñòâåííûé ðåáåíîê
to depend on çàâèñåòü îò
dependent on his parents çàâèñèìûé îò ñâîèõ ðîäèòåëåé
independent íåçàâèñèìûé
the relation between parents îòíîøåíèå ìåæäó ðîäèòåëÿìè
and children è äåòüìè
working mother ðàáîòàþùàÿ ìàòü
unmarried mothers ìàòåðè — îäèíî÷êè
housewife äîìîõîçÿéêà
teenage children (teenagers) ïîäðîñòêè
peace and calm ìèð è ñïîêîéñòâèå
nervous íåðâíûé
hysterical èñòåðè÷íûé
gentle ìÿãêèé
to be depressed íàõîäèòüñÿ â óãíåòåííîì
ñîñòîÿíèè (â äåïðåññèè)
Speech Patterns

19
I am single. ß íå æåíàò (íå çàìóæåì).
I am married. ß æåíàò (çàìóæåì).
She is a middle-aged person. Îíà — ñðåäíèõ ëåò.
He looks like his father. Îí ïîõîæ íà îòöà.
I love my parents dearly. ß î÷åíü ëþáëþ ñâîèõ
ðîäèòåëåé.
I have some household duties. Ó ìåíÿ åñòü îáÿçàííîñòè
ïî äîìó.
Once a week I help my mother Ðàç â íåäåëþ ÿ ïîìîãàþ
about the house. ìàìå ïî äîìó.

1. Do you agree with the statement that nothing affects achild’s char-
acter so much as the home in which he grows up?
In what different ways is a child affected when:
he grows up in a large family;
he is the only child;
his mother goes out to work;
his parents are separated;
his parents are always nervous and bad-tempered?
2. Does it make any difference to a person’s character whether he
grows up in a big family or in a small one (or as the only child)?
3. Do you agree with all these statements about big families?
A big family teaches a child to look after himself.
It teaches him to look after other people.
It makes him selfish.
No one can have peace and calm in a big family.
No one can be alone and everyone needs to be alone some-
times.
A big family gives the parents a full, happy life.
4. Can parents of only one or two children be closer to them, love
them more, help them more?
If this is true, is it always a good thing?
5. How many children would you want to have? Why?
20
 6. What help is given in our country by the state or by the town to:
a) people who have very big family?
b) unmarried mothers?
Do these people get enough help?
7. What are the special problems of these parents:
a) young parents with their first child?
b) parents of teenage children?
c) widows?
8. What causes conflicts between parents and children in families that
you know?
Could these conflicts be avoided?
9. When are most parents closest to their children in our country?
When the children:
a) haven’t yet gone to school?
b) are in the elementary school?
c) are in high school?
d) have left school?
10. At present many mothers work and are away from home all day.
How does this affect her and her family?
Would it be better for the family to have less money but have the
mother at home?
11. Speak about your idea of an ideal family.

21
 Unit 6

A House — a Home

Words and Word Combinations

cottage êîòòåäæ, äà÷à, äîì â ñåëüñêîé

ìåñòíîñòè
flat (British English — B.E.) êâàðòèðà
block of flats (B.E.) ìíîãîêâàðòèðíûé äîì
apartment êâàðòèðà
(American English — A.E.)
apartment house (A.E.) ìíîãîêâàðòèðíûé äîì
multistoried building ìíîãîýòàæíîå çäàíèå
private residence áîëüøîé ÷àñòíûé äîì
mansion áîëüøîé îñîáíÿê
lodging æèëèùå
floor space æèëàÿ ïëîùàäü
living-room, sitting-room îáùàÿ êîìíàòà
dining room ñòîëîâàÿ
bedroom ñïàëüíÿ
hall õîëë, ïðèõîæàÿ
bathroom âàííàÿ êîìíàòà
balcony áàëêîí
district ðàéîí
region îáëàñòü
furniture ìåáåëü
carpet êîâåð
rug êîâðèê
to arrange the furniture ðàññòàâèòü ìåáåëü
22
comfortable óäîáíûé
uncomfortable íåóäîáíûé
old-fashioned ñòàðîìîäíûé
private life ÷àñòíàÿ æèçíü
tidy îïðÿòíûé, àêêóðàòíûé
to make a mess ñîçäàâàòü áåñïîðÿäîê
in a mess â áåñïîðÿäêå
messy ãðÿçíûé, áåñïîðÿäî÷íûé
noise øóì
noisy øóìíûé

Speech Patterns

We have got a flat of two rooms. Ó íàñ — äâóõêîìíàòíàÿ

êâàðòèðà.
The furniture is very comfortable. Ìåáåëü — î÷åíü óäîáíàÿ.
I like the way you have arranged Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ, êàê âû
your furniture. ðàññòàâèëè ìåáåëü.
How do you like my flat? Êàê âàì íðàâèòñÿ ìîÿ
êâàðòèðà?
We have all modern conveniences. Ó íàñ åñòü âñå ñîâðåìåííûå
óäîáñòâà.
On which floor do you live? Íà êàêîì ýòàæå âû æèâåòå?
When did you move to a new flat? Êîãäà âû ïåðååõàëè â íîâóþ
êâàðòèðó?
Could you come to my place next Âû ìîæåòå íàâåñòèòü ìåíÿ
Sunday? â ñëåäóþùåå âîñêðåñåíüå?
She lives one flight up. Îíà æèâåò ýòàæîì âûøå.
We live out of town. Ìû æèâåì çà ãîðîäîì.
Isn’t it a comfortable room? Íó, ðàçâå ýòà êîìíàòà
íåóþòíàÿ?
1. What do you think?
a) Is there the shortage of floor space in our country?
23
 b) Does the government try to restore the country’s housing
space?
c) Does the government have housing program at present?
d) What do you think of pre-fabricated houses?
e) Where do you prefer to live: in the centre of a large town or
in the rural (village) area?
2. There are many magazines which show us how to furnish and ar-
range our homes in good taste. Many people follow these maga-
zines and spend a lot of money on expensive furniture, carpets,
pictures, etc. But the result is often such: a room is furnished in a
good taste, but it is cold and impersonal. Why is this?
3. A modern flat is too small for the family that lives in it. Is it pos-
sible for a large family to live happy in a small flat?
4. The houses built in earlier years are arranged differently from
modern flats. What are the comfortable and uncomfortable fea-
tures of these houses?
Would you prefer to live in an old-fashioned house with plenty
of space or in a small modern flat?
5. How is the sitting-room in your flat arranged?
What are the comfortable features of the room?
What would your ideal sitting-room be?
What kind of furniture, lights, rugs, etc.would you choose for it?
How would you arrange them?
Some sitting-rooms are well-furnished but they are cold and im-
personal like a furniture shop. Why does it happen?
What gives a sitting-room “personality”?
6. In what way are pictures important in a house?
Do you prefer original paintings or prints of the great masters?
What place is there in a family home for paintings and drawings
done by the children?
7. Do you like to spend time in the kitchen?
Is the kitchen the best room in a family home for meals?
Is it a good place to entertain friends?
Is this place more relaxing than the sitting-room?
What are the uncomfortable features of your kitchen?
What is your idea of a really good kitchen?
24
 8. Is it important for every person of a family to have a room of his
own?
What would you do to make your own room more attractive or
more personal?
Do you ever feel that you are in prison in your own room? Why?
9. Is it important for the house to be beautiful?
Is it important for the house to be clean and tidy all the time?
Why?
Should the children be allowed to make a lot of mess and noise
in the house?
10. Why do you never feel like at home in some houses?
11. Describe the flat you live in. Don’t forget to say when you moved
to it. On which floor do you live? Do you like your flat? Why?
Does it have all modern conveniences?
12. Read the proverb given below, interpret and remember it.
— There is no place like home.
— East or West—home is best.
 ãîñòÿõ õîðîøî, à äîìà ëó÷øå.

25
 Unit 7

Teenagers

Words and Word Combinations

teenage boy (girl) ïîäðîñòîê

teenager ïîäðîñòîê
teenage problems ïðîáëåìû ïîäðîñòêîâ
to protest ïðîòåñòîâàòü
to rebel against something âîññòàâàòü ïðîòèâ ÷åãî-
ëèáî
to have contact with someone èìåòü êîíòàêò ñ êåì-ëèáî
to get into contact with somebody âñòóïàòü â êîíòàêò ñ êåì-
ëèáî
strange clothes ñòðàííàÿ îäåæäà
political organizations ïîëèòè÷åñêèå îðãàíèçàöèè
to be interested in something áûòü çàèíòåðåñîâàííûì
â ÷åì-ëèáî
to bore íàäîåäàòü
bored ñêó÷íûé
boredom ñêóêà
lonely îäèíîêèé
loneliness îäèíî÷åñòâî
misunderstand íåïðàâèëüíî ïîíÿòü
violence íàñèëèå
adult âçðîñëûé
Speech Patterns
26
It is boring. Ñêó÷íî.
He bores me to death. Îí íàäîåë ìíå äî ñìåðòè.
I am bored. Ìíå íàäîåëî. Ìíå ñêó÷íî.
They misunderstand me. Îíè íåïðàâèëüíî ïîíèìàþò
ìåíÿ.
No one listens to me. Íèêòî ìåíÿ íå ñëóøàåò.
They call me names. Îíè äàþò ìíå ïðîçâèùà.
I’m so depressed. ß íàõîæóñü â óãíåòåííîì
ñîñòîÿíèè.
I won’t do what they tell me. ß íå õî÷ó âûïîëíÿòü òî,
÷òî ìíå ãîâîðÿò.
I am most afraid of being alone. ß áîëüøå âñåãî áîþñü
îñòàòüñÿ îäíà.
I am not allowed … Ìíå íå ïîçâîëÿþò…
Some parents try to get into Íåêîòîðûå ðîäèòåëè
contact with their teenage ïûòàþòñÿ âîéòè â êîíòàêò
children. ñî ñâîèìè äåòüìè.
Some parents share their Íåêîòîðûå ðîäèòåëè
children’s interests. ðàçäåëÿþò èíòåðåñû ñâîèõ
äåòåé.

1. What do you think about teenage problems in our country and in

other foreign countries?
2. Do you agree with the statement that a few years ago alcohol,
fights, killings and other kinds of violence were the problems
more for adults than for young people; but now violence, drugs
and alcohol are more associated with young people?
Do many teenagers have an experience with drugs, alcohol and
sex under the age of 16?
3. Why are there so many teenagers in the streets of towns late at
night? What are they doing there? Are they safe?
Is there no other place for them to meet, to talk to one another?

27
 Isn’t it possible for them to meet in their own homes or in teen-
age clubs or teenage bars?
4. Teenage girls are often shut inside their homes by their parents to
keep them away from their boy-friends. What do you think of it?
Should parents ever restrict their children in such way?
Should a parent know everything what his child does, or has a
child a right to a private life?
5. Do teenagers in our country have too much freedom?
If your parents had said to you when you were 16, “you are old
enough to know what is best for you. You can do whatever you
think best.” — What would you have done?
6. Why is it so often difficult for teenagers to talk to their parents
about their problems?
Can parents help teenagers with their problems?
How should parents try to get into contact with their teenage
children?
Should they try to share their children’s interests, popular mu-
sic, for instance?
Do many teenagers get upset, depressed when they can’t solve
their problems?
7. Would you agree that these are some of the important problems of
teenagers?
“Who am I?”
“I’m bored.”
“They don’t understand me”
“People are laughing at me.”
“I don’t know what to do.”
“I won’t do what they tell me.”
“I haven’t got any good friends.”
“Most boys of my age have girlfriends. But I can’t speak to the
girl I really like. I think she is the best and smartest one in our
group, but very independent and good-looking, too. So I’m
depressed about it.”
8. Some teenagers try to be different from other people. They wear
strange clothes or have strange habits. Why?
9. When you were a teenager, did you have your problems at home,
at school or with other teenagers?
Were you happy to be a teenager, or were you waiting to be 21?

28
 What did you rebel against at home and at school?
What were you most afraid of?
10. Are there any organizations that really help teenagers?
Are they popular with teenagers?
Do the people of our town care about teenagers?
Does our town spend enough money on teenagers?
11. Have teenagers in our country got any chance to express them-
selves in magazines, teenage newspapers, etc.?
12. Read the proverbs given below, interpret and remember them.
— Actions speak louder than words.
Íå ïî ñëîâàì ñóäÿò, à ïî äåëàì.
— All is well that ends well.
Âñå õîðîøî, ÷òî õîðîøî çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ.
— If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
Çà äâóìÿ çàéöàìè ïîãîíèøüñÿ — íè îäíîãî íå ïîéìàåøü.
— Tastes differ.
Íà âêóñ è öâåò òîâàðèùåé íåò.
— There is no accounting for tastes.
Î âêóñàõ íå ñïîðÿò.
— Strike while the iron is hot.
Êóé æåëåçî, ïîêà ãîðÿ÷î.

29
 Unit 8

Education

Words and Word Combinations

elementary (primary) school íà÷àëüíàÿ øêîëà

secondary school ñðåäíÿÿ øêîëà
lyceum [lai’siqm] ëèöåé
pupil (student) of the lyceum ó÷åíèê ëèöåÿ
technical school (college) òåõíèêóì, òåõíè÷åñêîå
ó÷èëèùå
higher school âûñøåå ó÷åáíîå çàâåäåíèå
university óíèâåðñèòåò
to take entrance exams ñäàâàòü âñòóïèòåëüíûå
ýêçàìåíû
to pass an exam ñäàâàòü ýêçàìåíû
to fail in mathematics ïðîâàëèòüñÿ íà ìàòåìàòèêå
competitive exams êîíêóðñíûå ýêçàìåíû
compulsory education îáÿçàòåëüíîå îáðàçîâàíèå
to enter the school (university) ïîñòóïèòü â øêîëó
(óíèâåðñèòåò)
to get a secondary education ïîëó÷èòü ñðåäíåå îáðàçîâàíèå
fee ïëàòà çà îáó÷åíèå
fee-paying education ïëàòíîå îáó÷åíèå
slow student ïëîõîé ó÷àùèéñÿ
average student ñðåäíèé ó÷àùèéñÿ
bright student îòëè÷íûé ó÷àùèéñÿ
to keep order äåðæàòü ïîðÿäîê
disci pline äèñöèïëèíà
30
severe teacher ñòðîãèé ó÷èòåëü
splendid teacher îòëè÷íûé (î÷åíü õîðîøèé)
ó÷èòåëü
optional subjects ôàêóëüòàòèâíûå ïðåäìåòû
mechanical drawing ÷åð÷åíèå
drawing ðèñîâàíèå
domestic science äîìîâîäñòâî

Speech Patterns

He is good at maths. Îí õîðîøî ðàçáèðàåòñÿ

â ìàòåìàòèêå.
He solves problems in physics Îí î÷åíü õîðîøî ðåøàåò
very well. çàäà÷è ïî ôèçèêå.
This teacher has a mind of Ó ýòîãî ó÷èòåëÿ øèðîêèé
wide scope. êðóãîçîð.

1. Have you got the best possible education?

In what ways could your education be better?
2. How can a person educate himself after he leaves school (univer-
sity)?
Is it possible to get a good education without going to school?
3. Is schooling compulsory in our country?
Does a school education in our country help a student in his so-
cial life?
Does a school student learn to dance?
Does a school student learn to speak in public?
Does a school student learn to understand good music?
Does he learn good manners?
What social problems are discussed at school?
Is it necessary to bring education closer to life?
4. Is it true for our country that a school student is not taught to
think for himself?
Do teachers encourage students to express themselves in class?
May students disagree with their teachers?
31
 Do students expect their teachers to know everything?
5. Why is it difficult for teachers and students to come closer to each
other?
6. What is your idea of a splendid teacher?
What is your idea of a bad teacher?
7. Is a student who leaves higher school in our country well prepared
for his life?
8. Do you know a person who is really educated?
What is your idea of an educated person?
Here is one of the definitions of an “educated man”.
An educated man:
— is able to read, write, and do arithmetic;
— has a basic knowledge of the history and geography of world
and man;
— understands the scientific method, and has an elementary
knowledge of at least one science;
— has an elementary knowledge of mathematics and logic, what
they are, and how to use them;
— knows at least one other language besides his own well
enough to read it and talk a little in it;
— can say what he means in suitable words both speaking and
writing;
— is able to listen, knows how to learn, and enjoy learning;
— never forgets that his views and opinions may be wrong, and
is always ready to change them on evidence;
— has an elementary knowledge of computers and program-
ming, and some active experience with a whole computer is
highly desirable.
The educated man of 25-30 years ago did not need to know any-
thing about computers. But the educated man of today needs to
have at least some significant knowledge of science, and at least a
little significant knowledge about computers.
Do you agree with this definition? Perhaps you will give your
variant of being educated.

32
 9. At present the system of secondary and higher education in Russia
is going through a transitional period, isn’t it?
All secondary schools, institutes and universities until recently
have been funded by the state. But now there is a number of pri-
vate fee-paying primary and secondary schools. Some institutes
have fee-paying departments. What do you think of it?
10. Read the proverbs. Try to give your interpretation to them.
— It is never late to learn.
Ó÷èòüñÿ íèêîãäà íå ïîçäíî.
— Four eyes see more than two.
Óì — õîðîøî, à äâà — ëó÷øå.
— A good beginning makes a good ending.
Ëèõà áåäà íà÷àëî.
— Live and learn.
Âåê æèâè — âåê ó÷èñü.
— First think, then speak.
Ñíà÷àëà ïîäóìàé — çàòåì ãîâîðè.
— An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.
Óòðî âå÷åðà ìóäðåíåå.
— To know everything is to know nothing.
Çíàòü âñå — çíà÷èò, íå çíàòü íè÷åãî.

33
 Unit 9

Marriage and Divorce

Words and Word Combinations

marriage áðàê, çàìóæåñòâî, æåíèòüáà

to marry a person æåíèòüñÿ, âûõîäèòü çàìóæ
to get married âûéòè çàìóæ, æåíèòüñÿ
married æåíàòûé, çàìóæíÿÿ
to divorce ðàçâîäèòüñÿ
divorced ðàçâåäåííûé, ðàçâåäåííàÿ
mature [mq’tjuq] çðåëûé
immature íåçðåëûé
immaturity [imq’tjuqriti] íåçðåëîñòü
innocent [’inqsnt] íåâèííûé
virgin äåâà, äåâñòâåííèöà
experienced îïûòíûé
pregnant áåðåìåííàÿ
to be engaged áûòü ïîìîëâëåííûì
mother-in-law òåùà, ñâåêðîâü
father-in-law òåñòü, ñâåêîð
temperament òåìïåðàìåíò
character õàðàêòåð
background ïðîèñõîæäåíèå
education îáðàçîâàíèå
selfishness ýãîèçì
Speech Patterns
34
She (he) is married. Îíà çàìóæåì. (Îí æåíàò.)
She (he) got married. Îíà âûøëà çàìóæ. (Îí
æåíèëñÿ.)
Whom is she (he) married to? Çà êîãî îíà âûøëà çàìóæ?
(Íà êîì îí æåíèëñÿ?)
She (married) is married to Îíà âûøëà çàìóæ çà ðàáî÷åãî.
a worker.
They are engaged. Îíè ïîìîëâëåíû.
Julia takes me. Þëÿ ñîãëàñíà âûéòè çà ìåíÿ
çàìóæ.
She married Dick for love. Îíà âûøëà çàìóæ çà Äèêà
ïî ëþáâè.
We were married in a civil Ìû ñî÷åòàëèñü ãðàæäàíñêèì
form of marriage. áðàêîì.
Have you got the marriage Ó âàñ åñòü ñâèäåòåëüñòâî
certificate? î áðàêå?
He is the right person for you. Ýòî — ÷åëîâåê, êîòîðûé Âàì
ïîäõîäèò.
They are a newly-married Îíè — ìîëîäîæåíû.
couple.

1. Are these reasons good for getting married?

a) Two young people are very much in love.
b) Two people have been close friends for years although they
don’t love each other.
c) The girl is pregnant.
d) The woman is rich and the man needs money.
e) The man (aged 50) wants ayoung wife, and the woman (aged
25) wants a home and children.
f) Two people are old and lonely. They are not in love but they
both need company.
2. Are there special difficulties in our country for men and women
35
 to meet each other?
In some countries there are marriage bureaus which arrange mar-
riages between lonely people. Are there marriage bureaus in our
country?
3. What can be the difficulties of a young married couple who has
their first child while they are still studying?
Are there any good features in an early marriage (under 20)?
4. Are these factors important in a happy marriage?
being mature
caring about each other’s feelings
having the same interests
understanding each other
always telling the truth
not being always together
5. Are people who marry late (over 40) more likely to be happy to-
gether than people who marry young?
What difficulties might such people have?
Does it make difference to a child if his parents are young or old?
6. How does an unhappy marriage affect?
a) a man
b) a woman
c) their children
Is it better for all of them if there is a divorce?
How should divorced people explain the situation to their chil-
dren?
7. Are these factors important in an unhappy marriage?
differences in education
differences in intelligence
differences in temperament
differences in social class
difficulties in daily life
difficulties in sexual life
selfishness
8. In some countries it is very difficult to get a divorce, in others it is
36
 impossible.
Does it help to save marriages?
9. Do these factors influence the child?
His parents don’t care about other people.
His parents don’t tell the truth.
His parents are not honest.
10. Many people who no longer love each other and who are unhap-
py living together decide not to divorce because of their children.
Are they right?
If you were in such situation, what would you do?

37
 Unit 10

Crime

Words and Word Combinations

to commit a crime ñîâåðøèòü ïðåñòóïëåíèå

criminal ïðåñòóïíèê
criminal organization êðèìèíàëüíàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ
gangster áàíäèò
juvenile delinquent ïðàâîíàðóøàþùèé ïðåñòóïíèê
[’d u:vinail di’lNkwent]
delinquency ïðîñòóïîê, ïðàâîíàðóøåíèå
thief âîð
robber ãðàáèòåëü
robbery ãðàáåæ, êðàæà
to steal — stole — stolen âîðîâàòü
to cheat îáìàíûâàòü, ìîøåííè÷àòü
cheat îáìàí, ìîøåííè÷åñòâî
fraud [fro:d] îáìàíùèê, ìîøåííèê
drunken driving åçäà â íåòðåçâîì âèäå
irresponsible áåçîòâåòñòâåííûé
guilty âèíîâíûé, âèíîâàòûé
innocent íåâèííûé
dishonest íå÷åñòíûé, íåäîáðîñîâåñòíûé
dishonesty íå÷åñòíîñòü
dishonour áåñ÷åñòèå, ïîçîð
against the law ïðîòèâ çàêîíà
immoral áåçíðàâñòâåííûé, ðàñïóùåííûé
38
to murder óáèâàòü, ñîâåðøàòü óáèéñòâî
murderer óáèéöà
assault [q’so:lt] íàñèëîâàíèå, íàïàäåíèå
authority âëàñòü
society îáùåñòâî
law çàêîí
to punish íàêàçûâàòü
punishment íàêàçàíèå
to be punished áûòü íàêàçàííûì
to pay a fine ïëàòèòü øòðàô
sentence ïðèãîâîð
life sentence ïîæèçíåííîå çàêëþ÷åíèå
treachery [e] ïðåäàòåëüñòâî
traitor ïðåäàòåëü
traitress ïðåäàòåëüíèöà
to turn traitor îêàçàòüñÿ ïðåäàòåëåì
treacherous ïðåäàòåëüñêèé

1. What crimes have been committed in your town recently?

Are any criminal organizations active in your town?
Do any of teenage groups commit crimes?
2. Have you ever known a criminal?
What kind of person was he (or she)?
Have you ever thought of committing a crime?
3. What is a criminal?
Are these qualities typical for most criminals?
He doesn’t see the difference between right and wrong.
He is irresponsible.
He has no self-control.
He doesn’t care about other people.
He is childish. He hates authority.

39
 He hates work.
He is cruel.
4. What might be some reasons for a person committing a crime for
the first time?
5. Are these factors important causes of crime?
poverty
bad housing
drinking
taking drugs
unemployment
differences between the rich and the poor
6. What do you think of these:
Is a child likely to become a criminal if no one in his home shows
him love?
How can a child learn at home to care about other people?
Is a spoilt child likely to become a criminal?
Is a child whose parents are too severe also likely to become a
criminal?
7. Where and how does a child learn the difference between right and
wrong?
What effect will it have on a child if his parents are not honest, if
they don’t tell the truth, if they don’t care about other people?
8. What effect do American crime films have on our children, teen-
agers and our people?
9. Should criminals be sent to prison?
What else should society do to them?
Does a person stop committing a crime if he knows that he will
be punished for it?
In some countries the punishment for murder is death. What do
you think of it? What effect does it have?
10. If you believe that a law is wrong, what should you do?
11. What do you think of a young man who refuses to join the army?

40