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HSPA+
Architecture evolution
A
Aggressive
i HSPA+ goals
l for
f enhancing
h i HSPA
Uplink Downlink
Higher order modulations provide peak rate benefits for users in very
good channel conditions
UMTS Networks **Using 2 resource blocks for PUCCH
Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, and max prime factor
Jens Mückenheim WSrestriction
2008 =5 5
HSDPA 64-QAM – Micro Cell / Hotspot Deployment
2 Rx Antenna, Equalizer
UE 1
Node-B
• Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) or
Beamforming
− Different data streams sent to different users using the same codes
− Improves throughput even in low SINR conditions (cell
(cell-edge)
edge)
− Already supported in Release 5/6, works with single antenna UEs
UE 2
• Cl
Closed
d Loop
L T
Transmit
i Di
Diversity
i (CLTD)
− Improves reliability on a single data stream
− Fall back scheme if channel conditions do not allow SM
Node-B UE
M Tx N Rx
Coding/Modulation/ Weighting/Demapping
Weighting/Mapping Demodulation/Decoding
V11
Stream 1
Antenna 1
Channel Modulator
Encode
interleave (16QAM, QPSK)
V12
V21
Stream 2
Antenna 2
Channel Modulator
Encode
interleave (16QAM, QPSK)
V22
2x2 D-TxAA
D TxAA MIMO scheme doubles peak rate from 14 14.4
4 Mbps to 28.8
28 8 Mbps
2x2 D-TxAA MIMO provides significant experienced peak, mean & cell edge
user data rate benefits for isolated cells or noise/coverage limited cells
2x2 D-TxAA MIMO provides 20%-60% larger spectral efficiency than 1x2
2 100
n (%) of 2x2
D ata R ate G ain o f M IM O vs.
MMSE
1.5 normalized to
1 25
1.25 Near Cell Center
ciency Gain
over 1x2 LM
SISO Data Rate 60
1
0.75 40
0.5
Spectral Effic
MIMO o
20
0.25
0 0
Near Cell Center Average Cell Cell Edge Interference Limted Isolated Cell
Location System
E-DCH
C Max.
a num.
u Min S
SF EDCH
C TTI Maximum
a u MAC-eCe Theoretical
eo et ca maximum
a u PHY
Category Codes TB size data rate (Mbit/s)
Category 1 1 SF4 10 msec 7110 0.71
Category
g y2 2 SF4 10 msec// 14484// 1.45//
2 msec 2798 1.4
Category 3 2 SF4 10 msec 14484 1.45
g y4
Category 2 SF2 10 msec/ 20000/ 2.0/
2 msec 5772 2.89
Category 5 2 SF2 10 msec 20000 2.0
Prior to Rel-7
Uplink
p DPCCH ggatingg during
g
inactivity Æ significant reduction Data
in UL interference Pilot
CPC significantly reduces control channel overhead for low bit rate
real-time services (e.g. VoIP)
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim WS 2008 15
CPC Performance Benefits
3
R'99 Circuit Voice
n of CPC
C
capacity gains
1.5 normalized to
AMR12.2
1 Circuit Voice
oIP Capa
Capacity
0.5
0
Vo
CPC provides
id significant
i ifi tVVoIP
IP on HSPA capacity
it bbenefits
fit
* All VoIP on HSPA capacities assume two receive antennas in the terminal
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim WS 2008 16
“Always On” Enhancement of CPC
Incoming Incoming
call Page UE
call Send data almost
Paging Immediately
Without CPC, users Response ((<50ms reactivation))
typically kept in
URA_PCH or CELL_PCH CELL_FACH
state to save radio Re-establish
resources and battery bearers Avoids several hundred
CELL_DCH ms off call
ll setup
t d delay
l
Send data
CELL_DCH
Send data
E h
Enhanced
d CELL_FACH/Paging/RACH
CELL FACH/P i /RACH reduces
d setup d
delay
l Æ improves
i P
PoC
C
PRACH #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
access
slots
10 ms 10 ms
Core Network
Iu Iu TCP RTT:
~300ms
RNS SDU buffer RNS
UTRAN
Iur
RNC RNC
Ib
Iub Iub Iub Iub
Priority Queue
MAC-hs RTT:
~10ms
RLC RTT
RTT:
~100ms
UE
Multiple ARQ loops at different levels
Theoretical limit:
PHY >> RLC
RLC Th
Throughput
h t Limit
Li it vs. RLC Window
Wi d Size;
Si
RLC payload = 320bits; Parameter = RLC RTT [ms] Options to increase
14.00 data rate
Increase PDU size/
12.00 RLC window
Reduce RTT
10.00
bps]
8 00
8.00 80
Rmax [Mb
100
6.00 120
4.00
HSDPA increases peak data rate significantly, while it does not reduce RLC RTT equivalently !
MAC-hs
Release 7 introduces new Layer-2
..
22 bits
features to improve HSDPA 2 80 2 80 2 80
MAC-ehs
MAC h layer
l segmentation/
t ti / Traffic flow i for user k Traffic flow j for user k
reassembly (based on radio 1500 byte IP packet 1500 byte IP packet
conditions)
MAC-ehs layer flow multiplexing RLC-AM
RLC AM RLC-AM
RLC AM
MAC-ehs Rel’7
1 1500 1500
MAC-ehs PDU
Segmentation
Segmentt
S Segmentt
S Segmentt
S
ation ation ation
HARQ entity
TFRC selection
Further improve latency and bit rate with limited and controlled hardware and
software impacts
GGSN
GGSN
Iu
SGSN
SGSN RNC
Userplane: Iu/Gn
Control
(”one tunnel”) ” Legacy”
plane: Iu
UTRAN
Userplane: Iu/Gn
Control (”one tunnel”) Iur
plane: Iu EvolvedHSPA
NodeB
Optimal efficiency with all radio functions grouped together (Radio bearer
control, RRC, handover control, RLC/MAC)
Optimisation of resources
Central management
g of common channels
Advantages
UE
Improved coverage esp. indoor
Security
Costs
Operator
CN
Signaling improvements
Architecture
A hi evolution
l i
Papers:
A. Toskala et al: “High-Speed Packet Access Evolution (HSPA+) in 3GPP,”
Chapter 15 in Holma/ Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS, Wiley 2007
R. Soni et al: “Intelligent Antenna Solutions for UMTS: Algorithms and
Simulation Results,” Communications Magazine, October 2004, pp. 28–39
Standards
TS 25.xxx series: RAN Aspects
TR 25.308 “HSDPA: UTRAN Overall Description (Stage 2)”
TR 25.319
25 319 “Enhanced Uplink: Overall Description (Stage 2)”
TR 25.903 “Continuous Connectivity for Packet Data Users”
TR 25.876 “Multiple-Input Multiple Output Antenna Processing for
HSDPA”
TR 25.999 “HSPA Evolution beyond Release 7 (FDD)”
TR 25.820
5 8 0 (Rel.-8)
( 8) “3G
3G Home
o NodeB
od Studyudy Item Technical
a Report”
po