EM319 Review

Spring 2008
Problem 1: The horizontal beam is rigid while the two rods are linearly elastic with axial
stiffness AE and coefficient of thermal expansion α. Rod number 1 (and only rod number
1) is subjected to a temperature change ΔT. Determine the force induced in each rod by
this temperature change.

1 2
h

a 2a

Solution:

FBD
F1
By δ2
F2
A

δ1 B C
Bx

EQM

∑M B = 0 : F1 = 2 F2 (1)

Force-displacement relationships
F1 h
δ1 = + α ΔT h (2a)
EA
F2 h
δ2 = (2b)
EA
Compatibility (similar triangles, note that cable at point C has a shortening)
2δ 1 = −δ 2 (3)
Solving (1), (2) and (3) simultaneously gives
4
F1 = − EAα ΔT
5
2
F2 = − EAα ΔT .
5
Negative signs mean that they both have opposite directions.
Problem 2: A solid circular bar is fixed between rigid wall at points A and C. A uniformly
distributed torque t is then applied to the bar over the region AB (see figure). Assume that
the bar has shear modulus G and diameter d. Find:
(a) The reaction torques at two supports.
(b) The vale and position of maximum shear stress.
(c) The value and position of maximum angle of twist.
A C
t B

L L

Solution:

(a)
FBD

A t B C
TA TC

EQM

∑ T = 0: T A = TC + t L

Internal torques
A
TA TAB (x)
∑T = 0 ⇒ T AB ( x) = T A − tx
x

A B
TA
∑T = 0
TBC (x)
⇒ T AB ( x) = T A − tL
L
x

Torque-displacement relationship
L T AB ( x) dx 1
φ AB = ∫ = (T A L − tL2 2)
0 G IP G IP
 TBC LBC (T − tL) L
φ BC = = A
G BC I P , BC G IP

Compatibility
1
φ AB + φ BC = 0 ⇒ (2T A L − 3 tL2 2) = 0
G IP
3 1
TA = tL , TC = − tL
4 4
3
(b) At x = 0, T = Tmax = T A = tL
4
Tmax r Tmax d 2 16Tmax 12tL
τ = τ max = = = =
IP π d 4 32 π d 3 π d3
(c) maximum angle of twist takes place in region AB as internal torque changes its sign
x T AB (ξ ) dξ 1
φ ( x) = ∫ = (3tLx 4 − tx 2 2)
0 G IP G IP

dφ ( x) 3tL 3L
=0 ⇒ − tx = 0 ⇒ x =
dx 4 4
9tL2 9tL2
φ max = φ ( x = 3L 4) = =
32G I P Gπ d 4
Problem 3: The beam shown in the figure is fabricated by welding together two
rectangular bars. The dimensions of the beam are such that a = 2 ft and b = 1in., and the
loading is such that P = 50 lb and Mo = 75 lb–ft.
(a) Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams labeling all significant points
and values.
(b) Determine maximum tensile stress and compressive stress of the beam. Indicate the
locations where these occur.
(c) Determine the maximum shear flow acting in each of the two welds.

P y
Mo 4b
A C
Mo b c1
z
D 2b c2
B
a a a weld
b

Solution:
First find the position of centroid y
4b
A y + A2 y 2 4b × b × b 2 + 2b × b × (b + b)
c1 = 1 1 = = b =1 b c1
A1 + A2 4b × b + 2b × b z
2b c2
c 2 = b + 2b − c1 = 2b = 2 in
b
Second moment of the area of the cross section

× 4b × b 3 + 4b × b × (b − b 2) + × b × (2b ) + 2b × b × (2b − b ) = 4b 4 = 4
1 1
I z = I1 + I 2 =
2 3 2

12 12
in4
FBD
P
MO
A C
MO

B D
RA RC

Equilibrium

∑M A
= 0: RC × 2 a = P × 3 a ⇒ RC = 3P 2 = 75 lb

∑F y = 0 : R A + RC = P ⇒ R A = − P 2 = −25 lb

(a) Shear force and bending moment diagrams

50 lb
 75 lb-ft
A C
75 lb-ft

B D
25 lb 75 lb

V(x) 50 Vmax = 50 lb

-25
75 lb-ft
M(x) Mmax + = 75 lb-ft
25 lb-ft Mmax - = -50 lb-ft
x

-25 lb-ft
-50 lb-ft

(b) Maximum tensile and compressive stresses

At point B (x = 2 ft)
My (−50 × 12) (1)
Top: σ = − =− = 150 psi
I 4
My (−50 × 12) (−2)
Bottom: σ = − =− = −300 psi
I 4
At point D (x = 6 ft)
My (75 × 12) (1)
Top: σ = − =− = −225 psi
I 4
My (75 × 12) (−2)
Bottom: σ = − =− = 450 psi
I 4
Compare both tensile and compressive stresses, we get
Max. tensile stress: 450 psi at D (x = 6ft), bottom of the cross section (y = -2 in.)
Max. compressive stress: 300 psi at B (x = 2ft), bottom of cross section (y = -2 in.)
(c) Qweld = 4b × b × b 2 = 2b 3 = 2 in3

VQweld VQweld 50 × 2
2 × f weld = ⇒ f weld = = = 12.5 lb/in
I 2I 2× 4
Problem 4: A beam ABC has constant bending rigidity EI subjected to a uniformly
distributed load q over region AB and is supported at point A and C as shown below in
EI
the figure. The spring has a spring constant k = . Find all reactions.
4L3
q
A B
C
MA

k
RA
L L

Solution:
Choose RC as redundant
A q B

RC

qL4 qL3 R (2 L) 3 7qL4 8RC L3 R 4 R L3

δC = + L− C = − ; δS = C = C
8EI 6 EI 3EI 24 EI 3EI k EI
Compatibility
7 qL3 8RC L3 4 RC L3 7qL4 20 RC L3 7
δC = δ S ⇒ − = ⇒ = ⇒ RC = qL
24 EI 3EI EI 24 EI 3EI 160
Equilibrium
153
∑F y = 0 ⇒ R A + Rc = qL ⇒ R A =
160
qL

1 2 33 2
∑M A
= 0 ⇒ M A + RC (2 L) =
2
qL ⇒ M A =
80
qL
 Problem 5: The pressure vessel shown in the figure has inner radius r, wall thickness t
and internal pressure p. The vessel is attached to a rigid wall at A, and at end B a weight
is suspended from the vessel as shown. Determine the maximum normal stress and
maximum shear stress acting at points a and b (located near the wall A as indicated in the
figure). Note: You must use Mohr’s circle for your calculations. Also, use the
approximation rm = r throughout your calculations. Given Qmax = 2r 2 t , I = π r 3 t ,

I P = 2π r 3t for thin-walled circular cross section.

t
r
A
a
internal pressure p
b
W
a
B r

b
4r

location of a and b at support A

π (as viewed from B to A)
W = pr 2

Solution:

First find internal force, moment and torque at A

A a

M = 4W r
T=Wr

V=W
For point a
Nothing due to shear force V: Q = 0
M y 4W r × r pr
Normal stress due to bending moment M: σ = = =2
I πr t
3
t
Tr W r 2 1 pr
Shear stress due to torque T: τ 2 = = =
I P 2π r t 4 t
3

1 pr pr
Due to internal pressure p: σ a = σh =
2 t t
pr
t
1 pr
4 t A (5σ 2 , − σ 4)
5 pr σx1
2 t
B (σ , σ 4)

A (5σ 2 , − σ 4)
• Center: (7σ 4 , 0)
B (σ , σ 4) τx1y1
• Radius: R = (3σ 4 ) + (σ 4 ) = 10σ 4
2 2

• Principal stresses:
σ 1 = σ avg + R = (7 + 10 )σ 4
σ 2 = σ avg − R = (7 − 10 )σ 4
• Maximum in-plane shear stress:
τ max = R = 10σ 4
For point b
VQ W 2r 2 t π 2 p r 2 × 2r 2 t 1 pr
Shear stress due to shear force V: τ 2 = = = =
Ib π r 3 t × 2t π r 3t × 2t 2 t
Nothing due to bending moment M: y = 0
Tr W r 2 1 pr
Shear stress due to torque T: τ 2 = = =
I P 2π r t 4 t
3

1 pr pr
Due to internal pressure p: σ a = σh =
2 t t
pr
t
1 pr B (σ , − σ 4)
4 t
1 pr σx1
2 t

A (σ 2 , σ 4)

A (σ 2 , σ 4)
τx1y1 • Center: (3σ 4 , 0)
B (σ , − σ 4)
• Radius: R = (σ 4 ) + (σ 4 ) = 2σ 4
2 2

• Principal stresses:
σ 1 = σ avg + R = (3 + 2 )σ 4
σ 2 = σ avg − R = (3 − 2 )σ 4
• Maximum in-plane shear stress:
τ max = R = 2 σ 4