Substrate Permittivity Effects On The Performance of The Micro Strip Elliptical Patch Antenna

Volume 2 No.
3 ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2010-11 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.
http://www.cisjournal.org
Substrate Permittivity Effects on the Performance of the Microstrip

Elliptical Patch Antenna
1
B.T.P.Madhav, 1Prof.VGKM Pisipati, 1Dr.K.Sarat Kumar, 2P.Rakesh Kumar, 3K.Praveen Kumar,
1
N.V.K.Ramesh, 4M.Ravi Kumar
1
LCRC-R&D, Department of ECE, K L University, Guntur DT, AP, India
2
Assistant professor, Department of ECE, LBRC (Autonomous) Engineering College, Mylavaram
3
Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Vani School of Engineering, Cheviture
4
Assistant professor, Department of ECE, Sri Saradhi Institute of Technology, Nuzvid
madhav.mtech@gmail.com, venkata_pisipati@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the performance of a microstrip elliptical patch antenna is investigated using different substrate materials.
The Microstrip antenna is studied with different substrates for a radiating elliptical patch of fixed dimensions. The effects
of the dielectric constant of the perfect and lossy substrates on the resonant frequency, bandwidth and gain are investigated.
A gain drop of 1.3 dB per decade is observed. Return loss, input impedance, radiation patterns and current distributions are
investigated and presented with the help of Ansoft-HFSS.
Keywords: Substrate permittivity, elliptical patch.
1. INTRODUCTION
Substrate permittivity is one of the basic

parameter on which the antenna performance depends
mostly. The substrate permittivity (εr) combined with the
thickness h of a microstrip antenna affect the resonant
frequency, gain, matching bandwidth and polarization.
Microstrip antenna theory [1]-[5] indicates a degradation
in performance when εr increases. High permittivity
substrates reduce antenna size at the cost of the gain and
matching bandwidth [6]-[9]. This study evaluates these Figure (1) Elliptical patch antenna
parameters when antenna dimensions and resonant
frequency of an elliptical patch (Fig. 1) are fixed. The Table (1) Data table of the Antenna
evaluation is performed using the Finite Element Method
from the commercial software Ansoft HFSS v.11. Air and
other dielectric materials provided by HFSS, such as RT- Material εr Loss Retur Gain
duroid, FR4_Epoxy, Benzocylobuten, and Roger tangent n loss (dBi)
Ultrom200 are used to quantify the performance variations (dB)
of the microstrip elliptical patch. A special nematic room Air 1.0006 0 -7.8 5.30
temperature liquid crystal polymer material dielectric RT-duroid 2.2 0.0009 -15.9 8.15
constant and dielectric loss tangent at microwave Roger 2.5 0.0019 -18.0 7.71
frequency is investigated and used in this present work ultrom 200
along with the other materials. Benzocylob 2.6 0.0001 -19.5 7.828
The physical dimensions of the radiating element uten
of the antenna are fixed. Using different substrate Liquid 2.85 0.02 -17.5 6.6096
materials [10], the resonant frequency and the crystal
corresponding gain are evaluated. In HFSS some of the polymer
materials used are ideal, i.e., the loss tangent δ is zero, FR4 4.4 0.02 -29.2 3.2086
while others are lossy (δ > 0). This parameter is accounted
for by evaluating the lossy materials with default δ not At the resonant frequency of 2.4GHz the
equal to zero, and as perfect dielectrics, with δ = 0. The proposed antenna is designed with patch dimension along
effects of δ are also reported. Figure (1) shows the Ansoft x-axis and y-axis of 43.8mm. substrate thickness of
generated model for the microstrip elliptical patch 1.59mm, substrate dimensions along x-axis and y-axis are
antenna. 130mm. feed location along x-axis is 7.2mm and coaxial
122
Volume 2 No. 3 ISSN 2079-8407
inner radius, outer radius and feed length of 1.04mm,

3.54mm and 10.4mm respectively. From the table (2) it is clear that the RT-duroid is
giving the maximum bandwidth and FR4 substrate is
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION giving lesser value. Form this point it is clear that the
dielectric constant of lesser value is giving better
The return loss curves for elliptical patch antenna bandwidth ratio in compared with the dielectric constant
with different substrate materials are shown in figure (2). of higher value substrate material. Next to RT-duroid the
Among all the substrate materials FR4 is giving minimum Roger-ultrom200 is giving better bandwidth ratio and air
-29.8dB return loss and the Air substrate is giving substrate is very close to it.
maximum of -7.8dB. RT-duroid is giving -15.69dB,
Roger-ultrom200 is giving -17.9dB, liquid crystal polymer Ansoft Corporation Input Impedance
110
100 90 80
1.00 70
Curve Info rms
Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
bandw idth(1, 0)
Ansoft Corporation
110
Input Impedance
100 90 80
70
Curve Info rms
Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
bandw idth(1, 0)
is giving -17.12dB and benzocylobuten is giving the return

St(1,1)) 1.00 St(1,1))
120 60 0.8122 2.8885 120 60 0.8295 2.0581
Setup1 : Sw eep1 Setup1 : Sw eep1
130 50 130 50
0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00
140 40 140 40
loss of -19.23.
150 30 150 30
160 0.20 5.00 20 160 0.20 5.00 20
170 10
170 10
0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00
180 0 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00
-0.00
0.00 180 0.00 0
-0.00
-170 -10
Ansoft Corporation Return Loss Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Ansoft Corporation Return Loss Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 -170 -10
0.00 0.00 -0.20 -5.00
Curve Info Curve Info -160 -20 -0.20 -5.00
-160 -20
dB(St(1,1)) dB(St(1,1))
-150 -30
-1.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1 Setup1 : Sw eep1 -150 -30
-140 -40
-0.50 -2.00 -140 -40
-130 -50 -0.50 -2.00
-2.00 -5.00
-120 -60 -130 -50
-1.00
-110 -70 -120 -60
-100 -90 -80 -1.00
-3.00 -110 -70
-100 -90 -80
d B ( S t ( 1 ,1 ) )
d B ( S t( 1 ,1 ) )
-4.00 -10.00
-5.00
Ansoft Corporation Input Impedance Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
100 90 80 Curve Info rms bandw idth(1, 0)
110 1.00 70 90 80 Curve Info rms bandw idth(1, 0)
-6.00 -15.00 St(1,1)) 100
120 60 0.7437 1.5925 110 1.00 70
Setup1 : Sw eep1 St(1,1))
130 50 120 60 0.8095 1.9563
0.50 2.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1
-7.00 130 50
140 40 0.50 2.00
140 40
150 30
-8.00 -20.00 150 30
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 160 0.20
Freq [GHz] Freq [GHz] 5.00 20
160 0.20 5.00 20
170 10
170 10
Ansoft Corporation Return Loss Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Ansoft Corporation Return Loss Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
180
0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00
0
0.00 0.00 -0.00
0.00 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00
Curve Info Curve Info 180 0.00
-0.00 0
dB(St(1,1)) dB(St(1,1)) -170 -10
Setup1 : Sw eep1 -2.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1 -170 -10
-5.00
-0.20 -5.00
-160 -20 -0.20 -5.00
-4.00 -160 -20
-10.00 -150 -30
-150 -30
-6.00
-140 -40
-0.50 -2.00 -140 -40
-15.00 -130 -50 -0.50 -2.00
d B ( S t( 1 ,1 ) )
d B ( S t( 1 ,1 ) )
-8.00 -130 -50

-120 -60
-110 -1.00 -70 -120 -60
-100 -90 -80 -110 -1.00 -70
-20.00 -10.00
-100 -90 -80
-12.00
-25.00
-14.00 Ansoft Corporation Input Impedance Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
100 90 80 Curve Info rms bandw idth(1, 0)
-30.00 110 70 Curve Info rms bandw idth(1, 0)
-16.00 1.00 St(1,1)) 100 90 80
120 60 0.8266 2.0970 110 1.00 70
Setup1 : Sw eep1 St(1,1))
130 50 120 60 0.8226 2.2142
0.50 2.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1
-35.00 -18.00 130 50
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 140 40 0.50 2.00
Freq [GHz] Freq [GHz] 140 40
150 30
150 30
160 0.20 5.00 20 160 0.20 5.00 20
170 10
170 10
Ansoft Corporation Return Loss Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Ansoft Corporation Return Loss Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00
0.00 0.00 180 0 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00
Curve Info Curve Info -0.00
0.00 180 0.00 0
-0.00
dB(St(1,1)) dB(St(1,1))
-2.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1
-170 -10
-2.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1 -170 -10
-160 -0.20 -5.00 -20
-160 -0.20 -5.00 -20
-4.00
-4.00 -150 -30 -150 -30
-6.00 -140 -40 -140 -40
-6.00 -0.50 -2.00 -0.50 -2.00
-130 -50 -130 -50
d B ( S t( 1 ,1 ))
d B ( S t( 1 ,1 ) )
-8.00
-120 -60 -120 -60
-1.00 -1.00
-8.00 -110 -70 -110 -70
-100 -90 -80 -100 -90 -80
-10.00
-10.00
-12.00
-14.00 -12.00
-16.00 -14.00
Figure (3) Input impedance smith chart, (3a) Air, (3b) RT-
-18.00
-16.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50
Freq [GHz]
3.00 3.50 4.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50
Freq [GHz]
3.00 3.50 4.00
duroid5880, (3c) Roger-ultrom200
(3d) Benzocylobuten, (3e) LCP (3f) FR4
Figure (2) Return loss curves, (2a) Air, (2b) RT-duroid5880,
(2c) Roger-ultrom200 , (2d) Benzocylobuten, (2e) LCP (2f)
FR4
The driving point or feed point of an antenna is

the location on an antenna where a transmission line is
attached to provide the antenna with a source of
microwave power. The impedance measured at the point
where the antenna is connected to the transmission line is
called the driving point impedance or input impedance.
Figure (3) shows the input impedance smith chart curves
for the elliptical patch antenna for different substrate
materials. From the input impedance smith chart curve we
obtained the rms and bandwidth for all the antennas of
different substrate materials.
The rms obtained from all the substrates and their
bandwidth ratios are listed in the below table (1)
Table (2) rms and bandwidth parameters

Substrate Material rms Bandwidth % Figure (4) 3D-gain total, (4a) Air, (4b) RT-duroid5880, (4c)
Roger-ultrom200 (4d) Benzocylobuten, (4e) LCP (4f) FR4
Air 0.8122 83.54%
RT-duroid 0.8226 88.56% A maximum gain of 8.15dB is obtained by using
Roger-ultrom200 0.8266 83.88% the RT-Duroid substrate and among all the substrate
Benzocylobuten 0.8295 82% materials FR4 substrate material based antenna is giving
LCP 0.8095 78% less gain of 3.2dB. The gain in 3D and 2D representation
FR4 0.7437 63%
123
is given in the figure (4) and figure (5) for the elliptical
antenna with different substrate materials.
Ansoft
NameCorporation
X Y ff_2D_GainTotal Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 2 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 2 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
10.00
m1 -30.0000 5.3076
Curve Info
Ansoft
NameCorporation
X Y ff_2D_GainTotal Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
0 Curve Info 0 Curve Info
dB(GainTotal) 10.00
m1 8.0000 7.8283
dB(rETheta) dB(rETheta)
m1 Curve Info -30 30 -30 30
m1 Setup1 : LastAdaptive Setup1 : LastAdaptive
5.00 Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(GainTotal) -12.00 -12.00
Phi='0deg' Phi='0deg'
dB(GainTotal)_1 5.00 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(GainTotal)_1 -24.00 -24.00
Setup1 : LastAdaptive Setup1 : LastAdaptive
0.00 Setup1 : LastAdaptive -60 60 -60 60
-0.00 Phi='90.0000000000002deg' Phi='90.0000000000002deg'
-36.00 -36.00
-5.00 -5.00 -48.00

-48.00
-10.00 -90 90 -90 90

Y1
-10.00
Y1
-15.00
-15.00
-20.00
-120 120 -120 120
-20.00
-25.00
-25.00 -150 150 -150 150

-30.00
-180 -180
-30.00 -35.00
-200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 -200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 2 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 2 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
Theta [deg] Theta [deg]
-30 30 -30 30
-22.00 -12.00
Ansoft
NameCorporation
-34.00 -24.00
m15.00 -32.0000 3.2006
Ansoft
NameCorporation
-60 60
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-60 60
Curve Info Phi='90.0000000000002deg' Phi='90.0000000000002deg'
m1 10.00
m1 10.0000 6.6096
dB(GainTotal) Curve Info -46.00 -36.00
Setup1 : LastAdaptive m1 dB(GainTotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive -58.00 -48.00
-0.00 dB(GainTotal)_1
5.00
Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(GainTotal)_1
Setup1 : LastAdaptive -90 90 -90 90
-5.00 -0.00
-5.00
Y1
-10.00 -120 120 -120 120

Y1
-10.00
-15.00 -150 150 -150 150
-180 -180
-15.00
-20.00
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 2 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
-20.00 Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 2 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
0 Curve Info
dB(rETheta) 0 Curve Info
-25.00 -30 30
-200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 -25.00 Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETheta)
-2.00 -30 30
Theta [deg] -200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 Phi='0deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-4.00
Theta [deg] dB(rETheta) Phi='0deg'
-14.00
Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETheta)
-60 60 -18.00
Phi='90.0000000000002deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-26.00 -60 60
Phi='90.0000000000002deg'
-32.00
Ansoft
NameCorporation
X Y ff_2D_GainTotal Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Ansoft
NameCorporation
-38.00
10.00
m1 0.0000 7.7133 10.00
m1 0.0000 8.1506 -46.00
m1 Curve Info Curve Info
m1
-90 90
dB(GainTotal) dB(GainTotal)
-90 90
5.00
-0.00 dB(GainTotal)_1 dB(GainTotal)_1
-0.00
-120 120
-10.00 -120 120
-5.00
-150 150
Y1
Y1
-20.00 -150 150

-180
-10.00 -180
-30.00
-15.00
-40.00 -20.00
-50.00 -25.00
-200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 -200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00
Figure (7) gain theta at 00 and 900, (7a) Air, (7b) RT

Theta [deg] Theta [deg]

Figure (5) 2D-gain total, (5a) Air, (5b) RT-duroid5880, (5c) (7d) Benzocylobuten, (7e) LCP (7f) FR4
Roger-ultrom200 (5d) Benzocylobuten, (5e) LCP (2f) FR4
The radiation pattern of the antenna at phi=00 and

0
90 is given in the figure (6) and radiation pattern of
antenna at theta=00 and 900 are shown in the figure (7).
The liquid crystal substrate material used antenna is giving
omni directional pattern in compared with the other
materials and second to liquid crystal substrate the RT-
duroid is giving appropriate radiation pattern among all
the other materials. It is obvious from these results that the
radiation pattern is acceptable for the all the substrate
materials that we have chosen and the Liquid crystal
polymer and the RT-duroid is giving better radiation
pattern compared to other substrate materials.
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 1 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 1 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1

dB(rEPhi) dB(rEPhi)
-30 30 -30 30
-20.00 -14.00
dB(rEPhi) dB(rEPhi)
-30.00 -28.00
-60 60 -60 60
Phi='90.0000000000002deg' Phi='90.0000000000002deg'
-40.00 -42.00
-50.00 -56.00
-90 90
-90 90
-120 120
-120 120
-150 150
-150 150
-180
-180
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 1 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 1 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 0 Curve Info

dB(rEPhi)
-30 30
0 Curve Info Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-20.00
dB(rEPhi) Phi='0deg'
-30 30
Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rEPhi)
-24.00 -40.00
Phi='0deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-60 60
dB(rEPhi) Phi='90.0000000000002deg'
-38.00 -60.00
-60 60
Phi='90.0000000000002deg'
-52.00 -80.00
-66.00
-90 90
-90 90
-120 120
-120 120
-150 150
Figure (8) Current distribution, (8a) Air, (8b) RT-
-150
-180
150
-180
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 1
0
Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
Curve Info
dB(rEPhi)
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 1
0
Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
Curve Info
-30 30
-6.00 -30 30
Phi='0deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive
0.00
dB(rEPhi) Phi='0deg'
-22.00
The current distribution of the proposed antenna

-60 60 -20.00
Phi='90.0000000000002deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-38.00 -60 60
Phi='90.0000000000002deg'
-40.00
-54.00
-60.00
-90 90
-90 90
model on all the six substrate materials are given in the
-120 120
-120 120 figure (8). It is observed that the RT-duroid, LCP and FR4
-150
-180
150
-150
-180
150
substrate materials based antenna is giving the mesh
generation of more concentration around the patch. Which
Figure (6) gain phi at 00 and 900, (6a) Air, (6b) RT- indicating the current distribution concentration at the
duroid5880, (6c) Roger-ultrom200 radiating patch for these materials based antennas are
124
giving better results compared with the other substrate

materials.
CONCLUSION [7] C.Y. Huang, & W. C. Hsia, “Planar Elliptical

Antenna for Ultra wideband Communications,”
Performance evaluation of the microstrip Electronics Letters, vol. 41, 2005 pp. 296–297.
elliptical patch antenna on different substrate materials
with permittivity varying from 1.006 to 4.4 is simulated. A [8] “Effects of Substrate Permittivity on Planar Inverted-
maximum gain of 8.15dB is obtained for the RT-duroid F Antenna Performances” Yves -Thierry Jean-
substrate used antenna in the present work. FR4 substrate Charles, JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS, VOL. 4, NO.
based antenna is giving the least gain value 3.20dB for the 7, JULY 2009.
proposed dimensional model. Similarly bandwidth of 88%
achievement obtained in the case of RT-duroid, whereas [9] “Microstrip Patch Antenna Design Using Artificial
by using FR4 only 63% is achieved. A gain drop of 1.3dB Material Loadings” I. Calafell, P.J. Ferrer, J.M.
per decade is observed when going from dielectric González-Arbesú and J. Romeu, journal of applied
constant of 1 to 4.4 for the substrate materials chosen. The engineering research, vol-2, feb-2004.
loss tangent of substrate is also considered along with
permittivity while simulating the present model. [10] A. D. Yaghjian, S. R. Best, “Impedance, bandwidth,
and Q for antennas”, IEEE Tran. Antennas Propag.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1298-1324, April 2005.
The authors like to express their thanks to the Author’s Details:

department of ECE and management of K L University for
their support and encouragement during this Research B.T.P.Madhav was born in India, A.P, in 1981. He
work. received the B.Sc, M.Sc, M.Tech, MBA degrees
from Nagarjuna University, A.P, India in 2001,
REFERENCES 2003, 2007, 2009 respectively. From 2003-2007 he
worked as lecturer and from 2007 to till date he is working
as Asst.professor in Electronics Engineering. He has
[1] Constantine A. Balanis; Antenna Theory, Analysis published more than 25 papers in International and
and Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2ndedition. National journals. His research interests include antennas,
1997. liquid crystals applications and wireless communications.
[2] Y.T. Lo. and S.W. Lee, editors, Antenna Handbook
Theory, Applications and Design, Van Nostrand Prof. VGKM Pisipati was born in India, A.P, in
Reinhold Company, New York, 1988. 1944. He received his B.Sc, M.Sc and PhD degrees
from Andhra University. Since 1975 he has been
[3] Stutzman Warren L. and Thiele Antennas and with physics department at Acharya Nagarjuna University
propagation Magazine, vol.52, Feb 2010) as Professor, Head, R&D Director. He guided 22 PhDs
and more than 20 M.Phils. His area of research includes
[4] Broadband Microstrip Antennas, Girish Kumar and liquid crystals, nanotechnology and liquid crystals
K. P. Ray, Artech House, 2002. applications. He visited so many countries and he is
having more than 260 International research publications.
[5] Daniel H. Schaubert, “A review of Some Microstrip He served different positions as academician and
Antenna Characteristics” Microstrip Antennas - The successfully completed different projects sponsored by
Analysis and Design of Microstrip Antennas and different government and non-government bodies. He is
Arrays, edited by David M. Pozar, Daniel H. having 5 patents to his credit.
Schaubert, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995, ISBN 0-
7803-1078-0.
[6] A Derneryd, “Linearly Polarized Microstrip

Antennas”, IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation,
AP-24, pp. 846-851, 1976.
125

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