Name: Nguyen Thi Khanh Linh Class: 09E11

Le Thi Quynh Group: 10

EXAM FOLDER
Module 11: Interfering with nature

I/ Pronunciation
1. Words

/m/ /n/ /ŋ/

sum sun sung
bam ban bang
hammer handler hanger
met net -
mice nice -

2. Sentences
a. Angus is hanging some strong string on the nails.
b. Duncan King is lying in bed trying to sleep.
c. Mum made me move my models.
d. Young King Kong was stronger than strong.
e. I met a man near the monument this morning.

3. Paragraphs
 Paragraph a:
We had a conversation. The kind of real, live stimulating
conversation that was common when I was growing up, but which
seems all too rare these days. Today we have chat rooms, text
messaging, e-mailing… but we seem to be losing the art of
communicating face-to-face. We all know when young people are out
on a date these days, they spend most of that time answering their
mobile. And teenagers nowadays seem to prefer catching up with
their friends by texting rather than actually speaking to them.

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 Paragraph b:
Farming methods are another big factor. In some places,
traditional methods that have been used for hundreds of years no
longer work well. Why do they no longer work well? Partly because
the population is increasing, and farmers aren’t equipped to meet
these new demands, and partly because the soil is getting worn out.
More people need to be fed from less land. As a result, some farmers
may use too much fertilizer on the limited land they have, or not let
the land rest from year to year, causing it to become less fertile.
Irrigation is a huge factor many of us don’t think about. Irrigation
water often has salt in it, and when the salt builds up in the soil, the
soil can no longer be used for farming. Currently, about one third of
the irrigated land in the world has too much salt in it. Irrigation has
taken a heavy toll on good land.

II/ Individual long turn

1. Talk about a memorable time you or a person you know had
to go to the hospital.
You should say:
 When you or he/she had to go to the hospital
 Why you or he/she had to go there
 How you or he/she felt after that memorable time

2. Talk about a special time you change your style (hair,

clothes, etc.)
You should say:
 What the first style was
 Why you decided to change your style
 How people commented/reacted to your change  continue or
not?

III/ Two - way conversation

1. Should famous stars do plastic surgery?

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2. Should we change the eating habit for a healthy diet or maintain it
for our favorite? What does it affect to our body?

LANGUAGE REFERENCE

I/ Pronunciation
1. Words
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/
/sʌm/ /sʌn/ /sʌŋ/
/bæm/ /bæn/ /bæŋ/
/ˈhæmə(r)/ /ˈhændlə(r)/ /ˈhæŋə(r)/
/met/ /net/ -
/maɪs/ /naɪs/ -

2. Sentences
a. Angus is hanging some strong string on the nails.
/ˈaŋgəs/ /ˈhæŋɪŋ/ /səm//strɒŋ//strɪŋ//ɒn/ /neɪls/
b. Duncan King is lying in bed trying to sleep.
/ˈdʌŋk(ə)n//kɪŋ/ /ˈlaɪɪŋ//ɪn/ /ˈtraɪɪŋ/
c. Mum made me move my models.
/mʌm//meɪd//miː//muːv//maɪ//ˈmɒd(ə)ls/
d. Young King Kong was stronger than strong.
/jʌŋ/ /kɪŋˈkɒŋ/ /ˈstrɒŋgə/ /strɒŋ/
e. I met a man near the monument this morning.
/met//mæn//nɪə/ /ˈmɒnjʊm(ə)nt/ /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/

3. Paragraphs
 Paragraph a:
We had a conversation. The kind of real, live stimulating conversation that was
/kɒnvəˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ /kaɪnd/ /ˈstɪmjʊleɪtɪŋ//kɒnvəˈseɪʃ(ə)n/

common when I was growing up, but which seems all too rare these days. Today we
/ˈkɒmən/ /wen/ /grəʊɪŋ/ /siːms/
have chat rooms, text messaging, e-mailing… but we seem to be losing the art of
/rʊmz/ /ˈmesɪdʒɪŋ/ /ˈiːmeɪlɪŋ/ /siːm/ /luːzɪŋ/
communicating face-to-face. We all know when young people are out on a date these
/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪtɪŋ/ /nəʊ/ /wen/ /jʌŋ/ /ɒn/
days, they spend most of that time answering their mobile. And teenagers nowadays

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 /spend//məʊst/ /taɪm//ˈɑːnsərɪŋ/ /ˈməʊbaɪl//ænd//ˈtiːneɪdʒəz//ˈnaʊədeɪz/
seem to prefer catching up with their friends by texting rather than actually speaking
/siːm/ /ˈkætʃɪŋ/ /frendz/ /ˈtekstɪŋ/ /ðən/ /ˈspiːkɪŋ/
to them.
/ðəm/

 Paragraph b:
Farming methods are another big factor. In some places, traditional methods that
/ˈfɑːmɪŋ//ˈmeθədz/ /əˈnʌðə/ /sʌm/ /trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l//ˈmeθədz/
have been used for hundreds of years no longer work well. Why do they no longer
/biːn/ /ˈhʌndrədz/ /ˈlɒŋgə/ /
ˈlɒŋgə/
work well? Partly because the population is increasing, and farmers aren’t equipped to
/pɒpjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/ /ən//ˈfɑːməz//ɑːnt/
meet these new demands, and partly because the soil is getting worn out. More people
/miːt/ /njuː//dɪˈmɑːndz//ən/ /getɪŋ/ /wɔːn/ /mɔː/
need to be fed from less land. As a result, some farmers may use too much fertilizer on
/niːd/ /frɒm/ /lænd/ /sʌm//ˈfɑːməz//meɪ/ /mʌtʃ/ /ɒn/
the limited land they have, or not let the land rest from year to year, causing it to
/ˈlɪmɪtɪd//lænd/ /nɒt/ /lænd/ /frɒm/ /kɔːzɪŋ/
become less fertile. Irrigation is a huge factor many of us don’t think about. Irrigation
/bɪˈkʌm/ /ˈɪrɪgeɪtʃ(ə)n/ /ˈmeni/ /dəʊnt//θɪŋk/ /ˈɪrɪgeɪtʃ(ə)n/
water often has salt in it, and when the salt builds up in the soil, the soil can no longer
/ˈɒf(ə)n/ /ɪn/ /ən/ /wen/ /ɪn/ /kæn//nəʊ//ˈlɒŋgə/
be used for farming. Currently, about one third of the irrigated land in the world has
/ˈfɑːmɪŋ/ /ˈkʌrəntli/ /wʌn/ /lænd//ɪn/
too much salt in it. Irrigation has taken a heavy toll on good land.
/mʌtʃ/ /ɪn//ˈɪrɪgeɪtʃ(ə)n//ˈteɪk(ə)n/ /ɒn/ /lænd/

II/ Individual long turn

1. Talk about a memorable time you had to go to the hospital
- Words:  adv + adj: surprising(ly), suddenly, worried, scared, injured, urgent, etc.
 verb: (to) occur/ happen, (to) cry, etc.
 health problem: sickness/illness, kinds of diseases (cough, sore throat, fever,
headache, toothache, etc.), accident, blood, scar, stitch
 hospital: ambulance, doctor, nurse, patient, emergency, medicine, direction
(for use), (to make out ) a prescription, medical examination, injection, etc.
- Phrases:  (to) feel + adj

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  (to) take sb to + place: (to) take me to hospital
 (to) treat, (to) inject
- Structures: It was the time when …

2. Talk about a special time you change your style (hair, clothes, etc.)
- Noun + adj:  trend, fashion, fad, collection, colour, shape, feature/characteristic,
design
 impressed, lovely, suitable, fashionable, stylish, etc.
 old, new, short, long, simple, unique, free style
- Phrases:  (to) make sb/ sth new, (to) refresh, (to) make impressed, (to) be in fashion,
(to) be in vogue
 (to) try + V-ing, (to) follow / keep up with

III/ Useful language

1. Plastic surgery:
- Words:  nouns:  beauty, body (nose, eyes, face, etc.), appearance, skin, self-esteem
 substance, cosmetic, medical operations
 consequence, risk, illness (cancer), death
 popular surgery: facelift, nose job, eyelid surgery, chin reduction
 adj:  natural, confident, perfect, popular, attractive
 bad, ugly, unwanted
 verbs: (to) change, (to) enhance, (to) improve, (to) respect, (to) recover,
(to) hide
- Phrases:  (to) succeed in, (to) become more + adj, (to) feel + adj
 (to) get worse, (to) result in, (to) regret
 (to) be criticized by

2. Eating habit:
- Words:  nouns:  nature, habit, favorite, taste
 doctor’s advices, special diet
 impact, influence
 diseases: heart attack, stroke, obesity, etc.
 adj + adv: daily, healthy, fresh, helpful, essential/necessary, important,

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 nutritious, nourishing, safe, delicious
 verbs: (to) like, (to) want, (to) change, (to) follow, (to) balance, (to) improve
- Phrases:  (to) help sb/sth to do sth: (to) help human live to ripe old age
 (to) be needed for, (to) nourish sb/sth, (to) be good for
 (to) protect your body from…
 sth is better than sth
 had better/ should + V(infinitive)

IV/ Grammar
A. Hypothetical situations in the present
1. Hypothetical situation with if
a. When talking about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the present, we go back
one tense into the past.
I don’t have a cat, but if I had one I’d call it Henry
This sometimes called the “unreal past”. The unreal past is often used after if in
condition sentences, as above. In the main clause we often use would or other model
verbs.
If I had more time, I would/could/might learn to drive.
b. In certain phrases with the unreal past, we can use were with he/she/it with the first
and third person.
If Rachel were here, she’d know what to do.
Some people consider this too formal and old-fashioned. However it is still common
with the phrase If I were.
I’d tell her about it if I were you
2. Imaginary situation with wish and if only
a. We also use the unreal past after if only and I wish because they both describe
imaginary situations
I wish I could speak Spanish (= I can’t speak Spanish, but I’d like to)
b. We can also use wish + would (n’t) to refer to things that you would like to happen
(but you don’t think they will happen).
I wish my boss would give me a pay rise.
I wish + you would (n’t) is often used to express annoyance.
I wish you’d hurry up. (= you are being very slow).
c. If there is no possibility of change, we must use the Past simple.
I wish you were taller. (= You cannot change this).
I wish you’d be more helpful. (= You can change this).

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d. We do not use wish + would in the first person.
I wish I would know the answer.
e. The unreal past is also used after the phrase it’s time.
It’s time people changed their attitude towards plastic surgery.

B. Hypothetical situations in the past

1. When we talk hypothetically with if, if only and I wish, the
Past simple becomes the Past perfect.
If only/ I wish I had thought about it more carefully! (= but I didn’t)
If you’d told me about the problem earlier, I would have done something about it. (=
but you didn’t tell me about it).
2. In conditional sentences, if the main clause also refers to
the past, would have + past participate is used.
If our best player hadn’t got injured, we would have won.
As with present hypothetical situations, might have and could have are often used
instead of would have.
If he hadn’t been injured, we might/could have won.
3. Notice that in the sentences in 2 above, both the if clause
and the main clause refer to the past. It is also possible to
have a sentence where the if clause refers to the past and the
main clause refers to the present.
If we’d set off earlier, we’d be at the hotel now.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Alternatively, the if clause may refer to the present, and the main clause to the past.
If my father wasn’t the boss, he wouldn’t have got the job.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

V/ References
 Contemporary topics 2 - high intermidiate, Michael Rost
 Cutting edge - upper intermidiate, Sara Cunningham and Peter Moor
 Pronunciation course student’s book, English I, ULIS-VNU
 Pronunciation in use
 Speaking and pronunciation focus, English I, ULIS-VNU
 Ship or Sheep, Peter Roach