Quick Reference Administering AIX V5.2 version 1.
0 alt_disk_install -X old_rootvg : Removes the original rootvg from the ODM, after booting from
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For several commands you must have root authority.
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System installation and maintenance management
oslevel Reports the latest installed maintenance level of the system.
oslevel -r : determines the highest recommended maintenance level reached for the current version
of AIX.
oslevel -lr 5100-04: lists which fileset updates are missing if after installing ML 04 on 5100-03 the
command oslevel -r still shows 5100-03.
alog Creates and maintains fixed-size log files.
alog -o -t boot : view the boot log (the log that holds boot information).
alog -L : lists the logs defined in the alog database.
errpt Generates a report of logged errors in the system error log.
errpt -a : displays a complete detailed report.
errpt -c > /dev/console : formats and displays each of the errors at logtime (concurrent error
logging) on /dev/console.
errdemon Starts the error logging daemon errdemon that reads error records from the /dev/error file and
creates error log entries in the default system error log /var/adm/ras/errlog.
/usr/lib/errdemon : starts the error logging daemon.
/usr/lib/errdemon -l : displays the path to the system error log file and error log size.
/usr/lib/errdemon -s 2000000 : changes the maximum size of the error log file to 2 MB.
syslogd The syslogd daemon logs messages from kernel, daemons and system applications
using /etc/syslog.conf.
*.debug errlog (add this line to to syslog.conf to redirect all syslog messages to the system
error log).
stopsrc -s syslogd : stops the syslogd daemon.
startsrc -s syslogd : starts the syslogd daemon.
refresh -s syslogd : refreshes the syslogd daemon.
errlogger Logs an operator message.
errlogger new disk added on scsi1 adapter : logs "new disk added on scsi1 adapter" in the
system error log.
errclear Deletes entries from the system error log. Software and operator errors (older than 30 days) and
hardware errors (older than 90 days) are removed using crontab.
errinstall Installs or replaces messages in the error logging message sets of the error log message catalog.
errupdate Updates the Error Record Template Repository (default file /var/adm/ras/errtmplt).
diag Menu driven program to run a wide choice of tasks and service aids (diagnostics, hardware error
report, format, microcode and bootlist management, ...).
Diagnostics modes:
Concurrent mode: diag is used during normal operation (only devices not in use can be tested).
Single-user mode: run diag after shutdown -m.
Stand-alone mode: boot from Diagnostics CD (press F5 when acoustic beep is heard)
or boot and press F6 when acoustic beep is heard to load diag from hard disk.
if diag returns "diag is not supported on this model" use:
SMS mode: boot and press F1 when acoustic beep is heard, select "test the computer". Some older
models use a SMS diskette.
alt_disk_install Installs an alternate disk with a mksysb install image or clones the currently running system to an
alternate disk.
Note: install bos.alt_disk_install fileset to use alt_disk_install.
alt_disk_install -C hdisk2 : Clones the current rootvg to hdisk2.
alt_disk_install -C -b update_all -l /dev/cd0 hdisk4 : Creates clone of the current rootvg on
hdisk4, installs a ML on the clone and changes the bootlist to hdisk4.
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the new alternate disk (you can still reboot from old_rootvg).
nimadm Performs Alternate Disk Migration (to a new version or release) of AIX using NIM resources.
nimadm -c aix1 -s spot2 -l lpp2 -d "hdisk1 hdisk2" -Y : migrates totarget NIM client aix1, using
NIM SPOT resource spot2, the NIM lpp_source lpp2, and hdisk1 and hdisk2 target disks, and
agreeing to all required software license agreements for the software being installed (-Y).
nim -o alt_disk_install -a source=rootvg -a disk='hdisk2' -a phase=12 holland : clones a rootvg
on client holland to hdisk1, but only run phase1 and phase2 (leaving the /alt_inst file systems
mounted).
Problem determination
sysdumpdev Changes the primary or secondary dump device designation in a running system. The default
primary dump device is LV /dev/hd6 and the default secondary dump device is /dev/sysdumpnull.
A dedicated primary dump device LV /dev/lg_dumplv is created (if sufficient disk space is
available) in systems with at least 4 Gigabytes of real memory.
sysdumpdev -l : displays current dump device settings.
sysdumpdev -P -p /dev/hd7 : changes the primary dump device permanently from the default to
LV /dev/hd7.
sysdumpdev -e : estimates the dump size (in bytes) for the current running system.
sysdumpdev -L : displays statistical information about the last dump.
chdev -l sys0 -a autostart=true : automatically reboot after a crash (default is false).
dumpcheck Checks the disk resources used by the system dump and logs in the system error log. Run default by
cron at 3:00 pm local time each day.
/usr/lib/ras/dumpcheck -p : requests a dumpcheck. The result is printed to stdout (-p).
/usr/lib/ras/dumpcheck -r : discontinues running dumpcheck (removes the crontab entry).
kdb Displays system images for examining a dump.
kdb /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0 /unix : starts kdb using the uncompressed dump
file /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0 and kernel file /unix.
snap Gathers system configuration information and compresses the information into a pax file.
snap -a -o /dev/rmt0 : gathers all system configuration information (needs approximately 8 MB
space in directory /tmp/ibmsupt) and creates a compressed pax image (snap.pax.Z) of
directory /tmp/ibmsupt.
snapcore Gathers the core file, program, and libraries used by a program to directory /tmp/snapcore (default)
and compresses the information into a pax image. The collected information allows debugging and
resolving problems within an application.
snapcore -d /tmp/snapcore2 core.xx : gathers all needed information for core dump file core.xx
and writes it to directory /tmp/snapcore2/snapcore_32811.pax.Z, where 32811 is the process id
($pid) of the snapcore command.
uncompress -c snapcore_32811.pax.Z | pax : displays the contents of the pax archive.
check_core Used by snapcore to gather all information about a core dump. The bos.rte.serv_aid fileset must be
installed.
/usr/lib/ras/check_core core.xx : displays a list containing the program that caused core dump
core.xx and the used libraries.
shconf Manages the system hang detection parameters for the system hang daemon shdaemon.
shconf -d : displays if priority problem detection and lost I/O detection are enabled or not.
shconf -E -l prio -H : displays the current shdaemon settings.
System initialization and boot management
The numeric 1 key (F1 on graphical display), when pressed during POST (double beep), starts the SMS interface.
The numeric 5 key (F5 on graphical display), when pressed during POST, initiates a system boot in service mode
using the default service mode boot list. Sequence: 1. diskette (if installed), 2. CD-ROM (if installed), 3. hard disk,
4. tape drive (if installed), 5. network (a. Token ring, b. Ethernet).
The numeric 6 key (F6 on graphical display) works like the numeric 5 key, but uses the customized service mode
bootlist. This is the preferred method of loading AIX diagnostics from the boot hard disk.
ipl_varyon * Used to vary on the root volume group during system boot processing.
ipl_varyon -i : Inquiry mode - skips ipl device processing. Checks which disks are already
 bootable. chkbd Changes the default keyboard map used by the low-function terminal (LFT) at system startup.
bosboot Creates boot image. It does not update the bootlist in the NVRAM. chkey Changes your encryption key.
bosboot -a -d /dev/hdisk0 : Re-create boot image on hdisk0. lslicense Displays the number of fixed licenses and the status of floating licensing. There are two types of
bosboot -a -d /dev/ipldevice -D : creates a boot image with the KDB debugger enabled. user licensing, fixed and floating. Fixed licensing is always enabled. Floating licensing can be
mklv Creates a logical volume. enabled or disabled.
mklv -y hd5 -t boot rootvg 1 : re-create boot LV (BLV) hd5. lslicense -A : displays the number of available fixed licences on the system.
lslv Displays information about a logical volume. chlicense Changes the number of fixed licenses and the status of the floating licensing (updates login.cfg).
lslv -l hd5 : determines the boot disk. chlicense -I -u 50I -u 50 : changes the fixed license number immediately to 50 (without rebooting).
mkboot Creates the boot image, the boot record, and the service record. chlicense -f on : enables the floating licensing.
mkboot -c -d /dev/hdisk0 : clears the boot record of PV hdisk0. lsitab Lists records in the /etc/inittab file.
chpv Changes the characteristics of a physical volume in a volume group. chitab Changes records in the /etc/inittab file.
chpv -c hdisk1 : clears the boot record of PV hdisk1. mkitab Adds records to the /etc/inittab file.
bootinfo Determines and displays various boot information, including boot device type and boot device name rmitab Removes records from the /etc/inittab file.
(NOT supported in AIX 4.2 or later).
bootinfo -b : returns the last boot device. telinit Initializes and controls processes.
bootinfo -B hdisk0 : returns 1 if disk is bootable, 0 if not. or 0-9 Tells the init process to put the system in one of the run levels 0-9. S,s,M,m Tells the init
init process to enter the maintenance mode. a,b,c Tells the init process to examine only those records in
bootlist Displays or alters the list or ordering of boot devices available to the system. the /etc/inittab file with a, b, or c in the run-level field. Q,q Tells the init process to re-examine the
Normal boot list: possible boot devices for normal mode. entire /etc/inittab file. N Sends a signal that stops processes from being respawned.
Service boot list: possible boot devices for service mode. telinit q : requests the init command to re-examine the /etc/inittab file.
Previous boot device: last device from which the system booted.
Support of these boot lists is model dependent. who Identifies the users currently logged in.
bootlist -m normal -o : displays the normal boot list. who -r : displays the runlevel.
bootlist -m service -o : displays the service boot list (if available). who /var/adm/wtmp : displays a history of logins, logouts, system startups, and system shutdowns.
bootlist -m normal cd0 hdisk0 hdisk1 : makes changes to the normal boot list. restbase Restores customized information from the boot image. Attention: The command is executed only
bootlist -m prevboot : invalidates the last device from which the system booted. during system boot phase 1. Do not execute it in a run-time environment.
halt or Writes data to disk (sync) and then stops the system. The system does not restart. Do not use this savebase Saves base customized device data in the ODM onto the boot device.
fasthalt command if other users are logged into the system. savebase -d /dev/hdisk0 : save the ODM to the boot logical volume.
reboot or Restarts the system. Can be used if no other users are logged into the system.
fastboot Hardware installation and configuration management
shutdown Halts the operating system. Checks the existence of the executable /etc/rc.shutdown file (added by Available hardware platforms: MCA-based uni-processor models (rs6k), MCA-based symmetric multiprocessor
the administrator) that specifies all the applications and other user processes to close down. models (rs6ksmp), ISA-bus models (rspc), PCI-bus models (CHRP). AIX V5.2 is not supported on MCA and PReP
By default the shutdown command powers down the system (if supported and issued). architecture hardware. The "AIX Statement of Direction" gives a complete list of unsupported models.
shutdown -Fr : fast system shutdown and restart.
lscfg Displays configuration, diagnostic and VPD information about the system.
shutdown -m +1 : brings the system down to maintenance (single user) mode after waiting one
lscfg -vp : Displays the system model, machine serial, processor type, number of processors,
minute.
processor clock speed, cpu type, total memory size, network information, filesystem information,
shutdown -l : logs the output during the shutdown to /etc/shutdown.log.
paging space information, and devices information.
last Displays information about previous logins using the /var/adm/wtmp file. lscfg | grep proc | wc -l : lists the # of processors.
last reboot : displays the time between reboots.
prtconf or Displays system configuration information.
last shutdown : lists last shutdowns of the system.
lsconf prtconf -s : displays the processor clock speed.
uptime Shows how long the system has been up. prtconf -k : displays the kernel type in use.
uptime : displays the current time, the length of time the system has been up, the number of users prtconf -m : displays memory.
online, and the load average.
snap Gathers system configuration information.
sync Updates the i-node table and writes buffered files to the hard disk. snap -a : gathers system configuration information. The output is written to the /tmp/ibmsupt
sync;sync;sync;reboot : writes everything from the buffer to the hard disk and reboots the system. directory.
lsfont Lists the fonts available for use by the display. uname Displays the name of the current operating system.
chfont Changes the default font selected at boot time. uname -a : displays the machine ID and version banner.
uname -x : displays the operating system in use, the host name, the machine ID number of the
mkfont Adds the font code associated with a display to the system.
hardware, the release number of the operating system, the operating system version and the system
mkfontdir Creates a fonts.dir file from a directory of font files. model name.
chlang Sets LANG environment variable in the /etc/environment file for next login. mach Displays the processor architecture of the machine.
chtz Changes the system time zone information in the /etc/environment file. getconf Displays system configuration variable values.
chhwkbd Changes the low-function terminal (LFT) keyboard attributes stored in the Object Data Manager getconf HARDWARE_BITMODE : displays hardware bit mode (64 or 32 bit).
(ODM) database. getconf KERNEL_BITMODE : displays kernel bit mode (64 or 32 bit).
getconf DISK_SIZE /dev/hdisk2 : displays disk size in MB.
lskbd Lists the keyboard maps currently available to the low-function terminal (LFT) subsystem.
getconf REAL_MEMORY : displays real memory size in MB.

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 cfg2html A system configuration to HTML converter (Open Source) lspv : lists the name, PVID and VG for each configured PV.
lspv hdisk2 : lists the characteristics of PV hdisk2.
file Determines the file type.
lspv -M hdisk3 : lists the mapping and stale PPs for hdisk3.
file prog : displays user process bit mode of program prog. Returns:
lspv -l hdisk0 : lists LV allocation within PV hdisk0.
executable (RISC System/6000) or object module not stripped (32 bit program),
lspv -p hdisk1 : lists PP intra-allocation by PV region and PP state (free, used, stale, vgda) on
or 64-bit XCOFF executable or object module not stripped (64 bit program).
hdisk1.
file /unix : the returned link shows which kernel is running: unix_up = 32-bit uniprocessor kernel,
unix_mp = 32-bit multiprocesssor kernel, unix_64 = 64-bit multiprocessor kernel. lquerypv * Queries the attributes of a physical volume.
cfgmgr Configures devices by running the programs in /etc/methods directory and optionally installs device chpv Changes the characteristics of a physical volume in a volume group.
software. chpv -a n hdisk1 : turn off the allocation permission of free PPs for PV hdisk1.
cfgmgr : runs the Phase 2 configuration rules (second boot phase for normal boot) (same as using chpv -a y hdisk1 : turn the allocation permission for hdisk1 back on.
the -s flag). chpv -v r hdisk3 : set the state of PV hdisk3 to unavailable (use when PV is to be removed from
cfgmgr -v : makes devices available that where not powered on when the system started. the system or is lost due to failure).
cfgmgr -l scsi1 : configures detected devices attached to the scsi1 adapter. chpv -v a hdisk4 : make PV hdisk4 available to the system (from state removed to active).
cfgmgr -i /usr/sys/inst.images : installs device software (using the directory /usr/sys/inst.images) chpv -h y hdisk2 : marks hdisk2 (with no allocated LPs) as a hot spare disk in a VG with mirrored
automatically during configuration. LVs.
chcons Redirects the system console to device or file, effective next startup. migratepv Moves allocated PP's from one PV to one or more other PP's in the same VG.
chcons -a login=enable /dev/tty0 : changes the system console to device /dev/tty0. Use /dev/lft0 The command is not allowed if the VG is varied on in concurrent mode.
for the default LFT display. migratepv hdisk1 hdisk3 hdisk5 : moves all PPs from hdisk1 to hdisk3 and hdisk5.
chcons /tmp/console.out : redirects the system console to file /tmp/console.out. migratepv -l lv02 hdisk2 hdisk4 : moves all PPs in LV lv02 from hdisk2 to hdisk4.
lsdisp Lists the displays and the default display currently available on the system.
chdisp Changes the display used by the LFT subsystem. File System Management
chdisp -p gda1 : changes the default display permanently to gda1. AIX supported file system types:
lsattr Displays attribute characteristics and possible values of attributes for devices in the system. standard Journaled File max. file size 2 GB, max. file system size 1 TB
lsattr -EHl sys0l sys0 : displays system attributes (realmem ...) System (JFS)
lsattr -EHl proc0 : displays the state, type and frequency of processor proc0. large file enabled JFS max. file size 64 GB, max. file system size 1 TB
lsattr -El rmt0 : lists the current attribute values for the tape device rmt0. Enhanced Journaled max. file size tested 1 TB (AIX currently supports up to 16 TB using the 64-bit kernel, 1 TB
lsattr -El tty0 -a speed : lists the current value of the speed attribute for serial port tty0. File System (JFS2) using the 32-bit kernel), max. file system size tested 1 TB, architectural max. file system size
lsdev Displays devices in the system and their characteristics. 4 PB.
Examples: The JFS2 outline log can be up to 1 GB (32-bit kernel) and up to 64 GB (64-bit kernel).The
lsdev -P -H : lists the Predefined (supported) Devices (in the PdDv object class). JFS2 inline log size can be from 256 KB up to 16 GB.
lsdev -C -H : lists the Customized (configured/defined) Devices (in the CuDv object class). General Parallel File Provides a cluster-wide file system allowing users shared access to files spanning multiple
lsdev -C -c disk : lists all the PVs (class disk) in the system along with the status and location code. System (GPFS) disk drives.
RAM File System Up to 8 RAM disks can be created (2 GB size limitation is removed in AIX V5.2). Size
listdgrp Displays devices in a device class.
cannot be changed afterwards.
listdgrp disk : list the devices in the disk class.
Network File System NFS allows programs on one system to access files on another system transparently by
getdev Lists devices that match the specified criteria. (NFS) mounting the remote directory.
getdev type=proc_rspc : lists all devices of type proc_rspc. CD-ROM File System A read-only local file system implementation under the logical file system (LFS) layer.
getdgrp Lists device classes that match the specified criteria. (CDRFS) Supported are ISO 9660:1988(E) standard, the High Sierra Group Specification, the Rock
getdgrp : display all device classes. Ridge Group Protocol, the CD-ROM eXtended Architecture File Format (in Mode 2 Form 1
chdev Changes a device's characteristics. sector format only). CDs are automatically mounted by default.
chdev -l hdisk2 -a pv=yes : assigns a PVID to hdisk2. DVD-ROM File A read-only file system stored on DVD-ROM media. UDFS format versions 1.50, 2.00, and
System (UDFS) 2.01 are supported.
mkdev Adds a device to the system.
DVDs are automatically mounted by default.
mkdev -l hdisk2 : make the already defined disk device hdisk2 available to use.
mkdev -l hdisk1 -a pv=yes : makes an available disk a PV (assigning a PVID), if it does not Cache File System CacheFS is used to enhance read performance of remote file systems (NFS) or slow devices
already have one. (CacheFS) such as CD-ROM. CacheFS handles files larger than 2 GB.
mkdev -c tty -t tty -s rs232 -p sa0 -w s1 -a login=enable -a term=ibm3151 : adds an ibm3151 Default AIX file systems:
RS232 fs lv description
terminal using adapter sa0 port s1 with login enabled. / hd4 The / (root) file system contains files and directories critical for system operation.
rmdev Removes a device from the system. /usr hd2 Files that can be shared by machines of the same hardware architecture are located in the /usr file
rmdev -l tty0 -d : removes the tty0 device definition from the CuDv object class (ODM). system.
rmdev -l hdisk1 : unconfigures PV hdisk1 and changes its state from available to defined Architecture-independent, shareable text files, such as manual pages, are located in the /usr/share
(definition is not removed from the CuDv object class (ODM). directory.
/var hd9var Variable per-client files, such as spool and mail files, are located in the /var file system.
/home hd1 The /home file system is the mount point for user home directories.
Physical Volume Management
See also lsdev, chdev, mkdev and rmdev. /tmp hd3 The /tmp file system contains system-generated temporary files.
/opt hd10opt The /opt file system is reserved for the installation of add-on application software packages.
lspv Displays information about a physical volume (PV) within a volume group.

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 /proc - The /proc pseudo file system provides access to the state of each active process and thread in the umount Unmounts a previously mounted file system, directory, or file.
system by mappping processes and kernel data structures to corresponding files. or umount all : unmounts all file systems in /etc/filesystems marked by the mount=true attribute (file
df Reports information about space on file systems. unmount systems marked by the mount=automatic attribute are not unmounted).
df -m /usr : displays information about file system /usr in MB (-m) blocks (use -g for GB). umount -f /mnt : forces the unmount of the /mnt NFS file system.
quot Summarizes file system ownership. cdmount Makes a file system available for use on a device managed by the cdromd daemon (automatically
quot -f /home : displays the number of files and bytes owned by each user in the /home file system. mounts a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM when it is inserted in a device, and provides the server function
for all cd/dvd related commands).
du Summarizes disk usage. cdmount cd0 : mounts a file system on cd0.
du -sg /home : displays the total disk usage in GB (-g) for all files in directory tree /home. startsrc -s cdromd : starts the cdromd daemon which reads the /etc/cdromd.conf configuration
find Recursively searches the directory tree with a matching expression. file.
find . -type f -exec grep "unix" {} \; -print : looks for string "unix" and prints the names of the cdcheck Asks cdromd daemon information about a device.
files in which it is found. cdcheck -m cd0 : asks cdromd if a CD is mounted on cd0.
fileplace Displays the placement of file blocks within logical or physical volumes. cdeject Ejects a media from a CD drive managed by cdromd.
fileplace -v data3 : displays the placement of a file in its LV, including statistics on how widely the cdeject cd0 : ejects a CD from cd0.
file is spread across the volume and the degree of fragmentation in the volume (-v). cdumount Unmounts a previously mounted file system on a device managed by cdromd.
lsfs Displays the characteristics of file systems. Uses /etc/filesystems (system file with stanzas of the cdumount cd0 : unmount a file system on cd0.
known file systems and their characteristics). fuser Identifies processes using a file or file structure.
lsfs : shows all file systems in the /etc/filesystems file. fuser -u /data : lists the process numbers and user login names of processes using the /data file
lsfs -q /usr : shows the LV size, file system size, the fragment size, the compression algorithm and system.
the number of bytes per i-node (nbpi) of the /usr file system.
defragfs Increases a file system's contiguous free space by reorganizing scattered allocations.
lsfs -v jfs2 : shows all file systems of vfs type jfs2.
defragfs /home : defragments the /home file system.
crfs Adds a file system. The smallest file system is equal to one PP. defragfs -s /data : generates a report on the fragmentation in the /data file system.
crfs -v jfs -g datavg -a size=32M -m /user : creates a JFS of 32 MB with /user as the mount point lmktemp lmktemp largefile 1073741824 : Create a 1GB file named largefile.
in VG datavg.
crfs -v jfs2 -g rootvg -a size=128M -m /data -A yes -p rw -a agblksize=2048 : creates a JFS2 of fsck Checks file system consistency and interactively repairs the file system.
128 MB with /data as the mount point, automatically mounted at system restart (-A), with 4K as the By default, the /, /usr, /var, and /tmp file systems have a check=false attribute in their /etc/filesystem
smallest file system block size that can be allocated to a file. stanzas.
fsck -p /dev/lv00 : fixes minor problems with the /dev/lv00 file system automatically and if the
mkfs Makes a new file system on a specified existing device (LV). primary superblock is corrupt, the secondary superblock is verified and copied to the primary
mkfs -s 64M /data /dev/lvdata : creates an empty 64 MB file system on LV lvdata. superblock.
mkfs -o name=/user /dev/lvuser : creates an empty file system on the /dev/lvuser device, with dd count=1 bs=4k skip=31 seek=1 if=/dev/lvdata of=/dev/lvdata : copies the backup superblock
mount point /user. The new file system occupies the entire device and has the default fragment size of the /dev/lvdata file system over the primary superblock.
(4096 bytes) and the default nbpi ratio (4096).
fsck -V jfs2 /data : checks JFS2 with mount point /data for consistency and repairs problems found.
chfs Changes attributes of a file system. Converts and copies a file.
dd
chfs -a size=+16M /data : increases the size of the /data file system by 16 MB. dd count=1 bs=4k skip=31 seek=1 if=/dev/lvdata of=/dev/lvdata : restores the backup of the
chfs -a size=64M /data : changes the size of the /data file system to 64 MB (provided it was superblock over the primary superblock (use when the superblock of the JFS on /dev/lvdata is
previously no larger than this). corrupted (or dirty).
chfs -A yes /data : sets the mount=true attribute in /etc/filesystems for file system with mount
point /data. logform Rebuild the JFS log.
logform /dev/hd8 : rebuilds the jfslog of rootvg, after booting the machine into maintenance mode
rmfs Removes a file system. (attention: The logform command should only be run on closed LVs).
rmfs -r /data : removes file system /data, it's mount point (-r) and it's LV. logform -V jfs2 /dev/jfs2log : rebuilds the jfs2log /dev/jfs2log.
reduce fs Official procedure 1: Modifies, creates or queries properties a JFS2 snapshot (a consistent block level image of a file
snapshot
1. Make a backup of the file system. system). The bos.rte.file fileset must be installed.
2. Remove the file system.
snapshot -o snapfrom=/data /dev/snapsb : creates a snapshot for the /data file system on the
3. Create a new file system using the same name and reduced size. exisiting /dev/snapsb LV.
4. Restore the backup of the file system into the new file system.
snapshot -d /dev/snapsb : deletes the snapshot and the LV containing the snapshot.
Official procedure 2:
1. Make a mksysb (VG rootvg) or savevg (other VGs). backsnap Creates and backs up a JFS2 snapshot.
2. Restore the VG using the shrink file systems option. backsnap -m /tmp/snapshot/data -s size=16M -i -f /dev/rmt0 /data : creates a 16 MB LV, creates
a snapshot for the /data file system on the created LV, mounts the snapshot on /tmp/snapshot/data
mount Makes a file system available for use. and backups the files and directories in that file system by name to /dev/rmt0.
mount : lists the mounted file systems.
mount all or mount -a : mounts all file systems in /etc/filesystems marked by the mount=true fsdb Examines and modifies snapshot superblock, snapshot map, block xtree copy, and segment headers.
attribute (file systems marked by the mount=automatic attribute are not mounted - they are mounted Mounted file systems cannot be modified.
by the boot process). fsdb /data : debugs file system /data.
mount /dev/lvdata : mounts the file system (in LV lvdata) using the default mount point dumpfs Dumps file system information (superblock, i-node map, and disk map) for debugging.
from /etc/filesystems. dumpfs /dev/hd2 : prints the information for /dev/hd2.
mount -v cdrfs -o ro /dev/cd0 /mnt : mounts the CDROM on /mnt. Lists entries in the /etc/vfs file.
lsvfs

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 crvfs Creates entries in the /etc/vfs file. lslv -m lvdata : lists the LP to PP/PV mapping of LV lvdata.
chvfs Changes entries in the /etc/vfs file. mklv Creates a logical volume. The smallest LV is equal to one PP.
rmvfs Removes entries in the /etc/vfs file. mklv -y lvdata -c 3 datavg 10 : creates LV lvdata in VG datavg with ten LPs and a total of three
copies of the data.
mkramdisk Creates a RAM disk using a portion of RAM (pinned by default). Use only for data that can be lost. mklv -y lvdb datavg 50M : creates LV lvdb with a minimum size of 50MB (b/B=512B, k/K=KB,
Setup procedure creating a 8 MB RAM disk: m/M=MB, g/G=GB). Rounded to whole LVs to make up 50 MB.
mkramdisk 8m mklv -a c datavg 2 : creates LV lv00 with a size of two LPs and intra-physical volume allocation
ls -l /dev | grep ram policy center (e=[outer] edge, m=[outer] middle, c=center, im=inner middle, ie=inner edge).
mkfs -V jfs /dev/ramdiskx
mkdir /ramdiskx chlv Changes the characteristics of a logical volume.
mount -V jfs -o nointegrity /dev/ramdiskx /ramdiskx chlv -w p lvdata : turns on passive MWC for LV lvdata (big VG only).
where x is the logical RAM disk number. rmlv Removes logical volumes from a volume group.
To remove the RAM filesystem: rmlv -f lvdata : remove LV lvdata without requiring user confirmation (attention: all data on this
unmount /ramdiskx LV is destroyed).
rmramdisk /dev/ramdiskx extendlv Increases the size of a logical volume by adding unallocated physical partitions.
cfsadmin Administers disk space used for CacheFS. extendlv lvdata 12 : adds twelve more LPs to LV lvdata.
cfsadmin -c /cache1 : creates a cache directory named cache1. extendlv lvraw 64M : adds 64 MB to LV lvraw. Rounded to whole LVs needed to make up 64
mount -V cachefs -o backfstype=nfs,cachedir=/cache1 server2:/data /ldata : CacheFS-mounts MB.
the file system /data from remote host server2 on mount point /ldata of the client using lquerylv * Queries the attributes of a logical volume.
cachedir /cache1.
cfsadmin -l /cache1 : lists file systems and statistics for cache1. lreducelv *! Reduces the number of allocated logical partitions of a logical volume (attention: if not used with
cfsadmin -d all /cache1 : removes all cached file systems from the /cache1 directory. care, data is lost). Official procedure to reduce a LV:
1. Back up all data in the logical volume.
mkcfsmnt Mounts a CacheFS directory. 2. Remove the logical volume.
mkcfsmnt -d /mnt -t nfs -h server2 -p /home -c /cache1 -N : mounts the /home file system of 3. Recreate the logical volume with the reduced logical partition allocation.
server2 locally on the /mnt directory using /cache1 as CacheFS. 4. Restore the data.
cachefslog Controls the logging of a cache file system. cplv Copies the contents of a logical volume to a new logical volume.
cachefslog -f /cache1/cachelog /mnt : sets up the file /cache1/cachelog to log CacheFS statistics. cplv -v datavg -y lvnew lvold : copies the contents of lvold to new LV lvnew in VG datavg.
cachefswssize Displays the work space size for a cache file system. cplv -e lvtest -f lvdata : copies the contents of LV lvdata to a smaller, existing LV lvtest within the
cachefswssize /cache1/cachelog : displays the work space size of the cache filesystems being same VG, without requiring user confirmation (attention: if lvtest is smaller than lvdata, then data
logged in the file /cache1/cachelog.. will be lost, probably resulting in corruption).
fsck_cachefs Checks the integrity of data cached with CacheFS. mklvcopy Adds copies to a logical volume.
fsck_cachefs -o noclean /cache1 : forces a check on the cache directory. mklvcopy lvdata 3 : increases the number of copies in each LP in LV lvdata to three.
rmlvcopy Removes copies from a logical volume.
File Management rmlvcopy lvuser 2 : decreases the number of copies in each LP in LV lvuser to two.
procfiles procfiles -n `ls /proc` : lists all the process and files they have open. migratelp Moves an allocated LP from one PP to another PP on a different PV in the same VG.
migratelp datalv/23 hdisk3/105 : moves the 23th LP of LV datalv to the 105th PP of PV hdisk3.
find find / -xdev -type f -mtime -1 -ls | sort +6nr | head -n 20 : lists the top-20 largest files in / that See lspv -p to display the free PPs of PV hdisk3.
where used within the last 24 hours.
splitlvcopy Splits copies from one logical volume and creates a new logical volume from them.
splitlvcopy -y newlv oldlv 2 : splits one copy of each LP belonging to the LV oldlv which currently
Logical Volume Management has 3 copies of each LP, and creates the LV newlv.
LVs automatically created at system installation are: getlvcb * Displays a formatted output of the data in the LVCB of a LV.
hd5 boot LV (boot image). Available only at startup. getlvcb -TA hd3 : displays the information held in the LVCB of LV hd3.
hd6 Default paging space. putlvcb *! Writes the control block information (only the specified fields) into block 0 of a logical volume
hd8 Default logging space (jfslog) for the journaled file systems. (LVCB).
hd4 / (root) file system. putlvcb -t jfs lvdata : writes the LV type jfs to the LVCB of LV lvdata.
hd2 /usr file system.
hd9var /var file system. Volume Group Management
hd10opt /opt file system.
hd3 /tmp file system. Each disk (PV) belongs to a Volume group (VG). A standard VG is a collection of 1 to 32 PVs (1 to 128 for a big
hd1 /home file system. Users' home directories. VG). A PV can belong to only one VG. A maximum of 255 VGs can be defined per system.
Note: hd7 was used in earlier AIX versions as dump device. When a VG is created, the PVs within the VG are partitioned into contiguous, equal-sized PPs (units of disk space).
Maximum LV size is 1 TB (32-bit kernel) or 128 TB (64-bit kernel). PPs are the smallest unit of allocatable storage space in a VG. The PP size is determined at VG creation (can't be
A dedicated dump device lg_dumplv is created in systems with at least 4 Gigabytes of real memory. changed dynamically afterwards), and all PVs that are placed in the VG inherit this size. The PP size can range from
1 MB to 1024 MB, but must be a power of two. If not specified at creation time, the default PP size for a VG is 4
lslv Displays information about a logical volume (LV). MB for disks up to 4 GB (the minimum PP size needed is determined by the OS), but it must be larger for PVs
Total LVsize=PPsize * LPs assigned to LV * Number of LV copies. greater than 4 GB due to the fact that the LVM, by default, will only track up to 1016 PPs/PV. The number of
lslv lvdata : lists all the attributes related to LV lvdata. PPs/PV (1016) can be increased with a factor 1-16 (or 1-64 for a big VG) at creation time or later (which will

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 reduce the number of PVs in the VG) and/or the number of PVs/VG can be increased from 32 to 128 at creation exportvg Exports the definition of a VG from a set of PVs.
time or later (big or gigantic VG). exportvg datavg : removes VG datavg from the system.
Importing a VG involves copying the VGDA data for the imported volume group into the ODM. When a volume redefinevg Redefines the set of PVs of the given VG in the device configuration database.
group is exported, the data held in the ODM about that volume group is removed from the ODM database.
extendvg Adds PVs to a VG.
lsvg Displays information about VGs. extendvg datavg hdisk2 : adds PV hdisk2 to VG datavg.
lsvg : lists all VGs. reducevg Removes PVs from a VG. When all PVs are removed from the VG, the VG is deleted.
lsvg rootvg : lists the characteristics of VG rootvg. reducevg datavg hdisk3 : removes PV hdisk3 from VG datavg.
lsvg -o : lists only the active VGs (those that are varied on). reducevg datavg 000005265ac63976 : removes PV using it's PVID 000005265ac63976 from VG
lsvg -p rootvg : lists the PVs in VG rootvg (state, size, distribution). datavg (use when a disk was removed without first running reducevg).
lsvg -l rootvg : lists the LVs in VG rootvg (type, size, state).
lsvg -M rootvg : displays a map of all LVs. reorgvg Reorganizes the PP allocation for a VG. Using the reorgvg command with the VG name and no
other arguments reorganizes only the first LV in the VG.
lqueryvg ! Queries the attributes of a VG using VG id, or PV name of a PV that is part of a VG. reorgvg datavg lvdata1 lvdata3 : reorganizes LVs lvdata1 and lvdata3 on VG datavg.
lqueryvg -At -p hdisk0 : returns all attributes for the VG (static attributes, LV details and PV
details). recreatevg Recreates a VG (with unique IDs, names, and mount points) on a set of disks that are mirrored from
another set of disks. Imports and varies on the VG. Procedure after the real duplication of the PV
mkvg Creates a VG. (like mirroring):
mkvg -y datavg -s 32 hdisk2 hdisk4 : creates the VG datavg that contains PVs hdisk2 and hdisk4, chdev -l hdisk5 -a pv=clear : to avoid potential collisions of LVM component names (PVID,
with PP size set to 32 MB. VGname, ...) of hdisk5.
mkvg -B -y uservg : create a big VG uservg (supports 128 PVs and 512 LVs). recreatevg -y newvg -L /newfs -Y newlv hdisk5 : newvg is the newly assigned VG name, /newfs
chvg Sets the characteristics of a VG. and newlv are used for prefixes of the newly assigned file systems and LVs, and hdisk5 is the
chvg -a{y|n} datavg : VG datavg is automatically activated (y=varyonvg) or not (n=varyoffvg) duplicated target PV name.
during system startup. splitvg Splits a single mirror copy of a fully mirrored VG.
chvg -u datavg : unlock the VG datavg. splitvg -y snapvg -c 2 datavg : splits second mirror copy of the VG datavg and creates snapshot
chvg -B datavg : changes the VG to big VG format (supports 128 PVs and 512 LVs). Mapping size VG snapvg.
is 4*original size.
chvg -t 2 datavg : changes the limit of the number of PPs/PV by factor=2 (1016*2=2032 PPs/PV). joinvg joinvg datavg : joins the the original VG datavg with the snapshot VG snapvg.
Which decreases the number of disks (#PVs/factor=16 PVs/VG). varyoffvg Deactivates a VG.
chvg -sy datavg : attempts to automatically synchronize (AUTO SYNC) stale partitions in VG varyoffvg uservg : deactivates the VG uservg.
datavg (default this not done for a VG). varyonvg Activates a VG.
chvg -L256 uservg : changes the LTG size to 256KB of VG uservg for better disk I/O performance. varyonvg -f datavg : used to force a varyon on VG datavg even when inconsistencies are detected
LTG size should be less than or equal to the maximum transfer size of all disks in the VG. Check (between the configuration data for each VG held in the ODM database and VGDA.
each disk in the VG with: varyonvg -r uservg : varies on VG uservg in read-only mode.
lquerypv -M hdiskx : checks the maximum supported LTG size of hdiskx.
chvg -b n datavg : turns off the bad block relocation policy of VG datavg (default is yes for a VG).
chvg -h y -s y uservg : sets policy in VG uservg to automatically (-h y) migrate PPs from one System Paging Space Management
failing disk to one spare disk with automatic synchronization of stale PPs (-s y). lsps Lists paging space and attributes. Configuration file: /etc/swapspaces (contains a list of swap
syncvg Synchronizes LV copies that are not current (stale). devices).
syncvg -v datavg : synchronizes the copies on VG datavg. lsps :
syncvg -p hdisk3 : synchronizes the copies on physical volumes hdisk3. chps Changes attributes of a paging space.
synclvodm Resynchronize the ODM. The VG must be active. chps -a {y|n} paging00 : specifies that the paging space paging00 is active (y) or inactive (n) at
synclvodm rootvg : synchronizes the device configuration database with the LVM information for subsequent system restarts.
rootvg (use when the device configuration database is not consistent with the LVM information in chps -s 10 paging02 : adds ten LPs to paging02 without rebooting.
the LVCBs and the VGDAs). chps -d 5 paging01 : removes five LPs from paging01 without rebooting.
rvgrecover Repairs the ODM. chps -d 50 hd6 : removes fifty LPs from hd6 without rebooting.
mirrorvg Mirrors all the LVs that exist on a given VG. mkps Adds an additional paging space to the system.
mirrorvg -S -c 3 rootvg : triply mirrors VG rootvg, returns the mirrorvg command immediately mkps -a -n -s20 datavg : creates a permanent paging space pagingxx in VG datavg of 20 LPs and
and starts a background syncvg (-S). activates it immediately.
mirrorvg -m datavg hdisk3 : creates an exact mapped mirror of the LVs in VG datavg. rmps Removes a paging space from the system (exept hd6).
unmirrorvg Removes the mirrors that exist on VGs or specified disks. rmps paging00 : removes deactivated paging space paging00.
unmirrorvg rootvg : default unmirroring of rootvg (rootvg now has only 1 copy). swapoff Deactivates one or more paging space.
importvg Imports a new VG definition from a set of PVs. swapoff paging01 : deactivates paging space paging01.
It is highly recommended that you run the fsck command before you mount the file systems. swapon Activates a paging space.
importvg -y datavg hdisk9 : imports VG datavg from PV hdisk9. swapon paging01 : activate paging space paging01.
importvg -y uservg 0009898xy2727d4f : imports VG uservg from PV with PVID swapon -a : activates all paging spaces defined in /etc/swapspaces.
0009898xy2727d4f. swap Displays paging characteristics and enables the allocation and deallocation of paging devices.
importvg -L datavg : imports VG datavg and learns about possible changes. Use if the VG was not swap -l : displays device, major and minor numbers, and total and free space.
exported and used on another machine. swap -a /dev/paging01 : activates paging space paging01 (like swapon).

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 swap -d /dev/paging01 : deactivates paging space paging01 (like swapoff). nslookup nserver1 : returns the domain name and Internet address of nserver1.
migratepv migratepv -l hd6 hdisk0 hdisk2 : moves hd6 from hdisk0 to PV hdisk2 within the same VG traceroute Displays the route that IP packets take to a network host.
(always use VG rootvg for hd6 performance). traceroute server2 : displays all the hops from local host to server2.
iptrace Provides interface-level packet tracing for Internet protocols.
Communications Management daemon
rc.tcpip Script that initializes selected TCP/IP daemons using SRC at each system restart: inetd, lpd, ipreport Generates a trace report from the specified trace file created by the iptrace command.
portmap, sendmail, syslogd (started by default) and gated or routed, named, timed, xntpd, ping Sends an echo request to a network host.
rwhod, snmpd, dhcpcd, mrouted, autoconf6 (not started by default unless they are ping -c 6 server1 : checks the network connection to host server1 by sending 6 echo requests.
uncommented). ping -f server2 : invokes the flood-ping option to host server2.
stopsrc -g tcpip : stops all running TCP/IP daemons. ping -R : displays the full round trip route of a packet.
stopsrc -s named : stops the named daemon. spray Sends a one-way stream of packets to a host and reports performance statistics using the RPC
/etc/rc.tcpip : starts all selected TCP/IP daemons. Don't use startsrc -g tcpip (would start all (default) or ICMP protocol (two-way stream).
subsystems in the tcpip group). spray server1 -c 1000 -d 4 : sends 1000 packets at intervals of 4 microseconds to server1.
startsrc -s named : starts the named daemon.
refresh -s inetd : refresh the inetd subsystem (re-reads /etc/inetd.conf). host Resolves a host name into an Internet address or an Internet address into a host name. System
files: /etc/hosts (local hosts table).
/etc/tcp.clean sh /etc/tcp.clean : stops all running TCP/IP daemons (not portmap and nfsd) and removes host server1 : displays the Internet address and name aliases of host server1.
all /etc/locks/lpd TCP/IP lock files. host 192.186.154.3 : displays the host whose address is 192.186.154.3.
inetd daemon Provides Internet service management for a network. Starts by default using the /etc/inetd.conf hostid Sets or displays the identifier of the current local host.
configuration file. Daemons controlled by the inetd daemon: ftpd, rlogind, rexecd, rshd, talkd,
telnetd, and uucpd (started by default) and tftpd, fingerd, and comsat (not started by default hostname Sets or displays the name of the current host system.
unless they are uncommented). hostname tulip : changes the hostname to tulip until the next reboot.
resfresh -s inetd : informs the inetd daemon of the changes to its configuration file. The ports inetd chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=server1 : changes the hostname permanently to server1.
listens on are in /etc/services (unless they are commented). mktcpip Sets the required values for starting TCP/IP on a host.
lsdev Displays devices in the system and their characteristics. rwho Displays which users are logged in to hosts (that run rwhod) on the local network.
lsdev -Cc if : lists IP interfaces. rwho -a : lists all users currently logged in to hosts on the local network.
lscfg Displays configuration, diagnostic, and VPD. ruptime Displays the status of each host (that runs rwhod) that is on the local network.
lscfg -l ent0 -v : displays the VPD for ent0. ruptime -al : lists a status report of each host on the local network sorted by load average.
lsattr Displays attribute characteristics and possible attribute values for devices. lsnamsv Shows name service information stored in the database /etc/resolv.conf (name resolver).
lsattr -HEl en0 : displays effective values for interface en0. chnamsv Changes TCP/IP-based name service configuration on a host.
netstat Shows network status. mknamsv Configures TCP/IP-based name service on a host for a client.
netstat -in : shows status of IP interfaces with numeric addresses.
netstat -rn : shows status of TCP/IP routes with numeric addresses. rmnamsv Unconfigures TCP/IP-based name service on a host.
netstat -C : shows routing table, user-configured and current costs of each route.
netstat -v : shows device driver statistics. User/Group Management
arp Displays and modifies address resolution. dispuid Displays all valid user IDs on the system.
arp -a : displays local ARP cache (ip to mac address table).
logins Displays user and system login information.
no Manages network tuning parameters. Changes are valid until the next reboot. logins -p : lists all the logins with no passwords.
no -a : displays kernel variable values.
no -o ipforwarding : displays if ipforwarding is on (=1) or off (=0). lsuser Displays attributes of user accounts.
no -o ipforwarding=1 : specifies the kernel should forward packets (acting as an IP router). lsuser ALL : displays all the attributes of all the users.
ifconfig Configures or displays network interface parameters for TCP/IP. mkuser Creates a new user account. System files: /etc/passwd (contains basic user attributes)
ifconfig -a : displays information about all interfaces in the system. and /etc/group (contains basic group attributes). The default attributes are in
ifconfig en0 : displays network interface parameters for en0. the /usr/lib/security/mkuser.default file.
ifconfig en0 inet 194.186.152.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 up : assigns IP-address 194.186.152.2 mkuser erik : creates the erik user account.
with network mask 255.255.255.0 to interface en0 of address family inet and turns on the network passwd Changes a user's password. System files: /etc/security/passwd (contains password information).
card. passwd hans : changes the password of user hans.
ifconfig en0 down : turns off network card en0. pwdadm Administers users' passwords (by root or a member of the security group).
route Makes manual entries into the network routing tables until next reboot. chsec Changes the attributes in the security stanza files.
route -rn : displays route table. chsec -f /etc/security/login.cfg -s default -a pwdprompt="Password:" : changes the system-wide
route add -inet -net 9.19.98.1 9.19.99.10 : adds a network route to the routing table for destination password (echo's user name) prompt to Password (doesn't echo user name.
host 9.19.98.1 through gateway 9.19.99.10. chsec -f /etc/security/login.cfg -s default -a usernameecho=false : hides the user name from login
lsattr Displays attribute characteristics and possible values of attributes for devices. and system messages.
lsattr -El en0 : lists the current attribute values for en0. mkuser.sys Customizes a new user account.
nslookup Queries Internet domain name servers. chuser Changes attributes for the specified user.
nslookup : enters interactive mode.

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 rmuser Removes a user account. mkquedev Adds a printer queue device to the system.
rmuser -p erik : removes user erik. rmque Removes a printer queue from the system.
rm -r /home/erik : removes erik's home directory.
rmquedev Removes a printer or plotter queue device from the system.
dispgid Displays all valid groups on the system.
chque Changes the queue name.
lsgroup Displays the attributes of groups.
lsgroup ALL : lists all groups. chvirprt Changes the attribute values of a virtual printer.
chgroup Changes attributes for groups (don't use in combination with NIS). lsallq Lists the names of all configured queues.
chgrpmem Changes the administrators or members of a group. lsallqdev Lists all configured printer and plotter queue device names within a specified queue.
mkgroup Creates a new group. lsprtsv Shows print service information stored in the database.
rmgroup Removes a group. lsquedev Displays the device stanza name.
usrck Verifies the correctness of a user definition. chquedev Changes the printer or plotter queue device names.
grpck Verifies the correctness of a group definition. mkvirprt Makes a virtual printer.
pwdck Verifies the correctness of local authentication information. rmvirprt Removes a virtual printer.
last Displays information about previous logins using the /var/adm/wtmp file. mkprtsv Configures TCP/IP-based print service on a host.
last root : display all logins and logoffs by user root. rmprtsv Unconfigures a print service on a client or server machine.
last -t 31081125 : displays all users still logged in at 11.25 am on August 31th. System V R4 print
who Identifies the users currently logged in. subsystem
who /var/adm/wtmp : displays a history of logins and logouts, system startups and shutdowns.
lp Sends print requests.
wall Writes a message to all users or users of a specific group that are logged in.
wall -g staff : broadcasts to group staff. cancel Cancels print requests previously sent with the lp command.
repquota Summarizes quotas for a file system. lpstat Displays the status of all print requests made by the user.
repquota -u /home : prints a summary of user quotas in the /home file system. accept Allows the queuing of print requests.
repquota -a : prints quotas for all file systems enabled with quotas in the /etc/filesystems file reject Prevents queuing of print requests.
edquota Edits user and group quotas. enable Activates the named printers, enabling them to print requests.
quota Displays disk usage and quotas. disable Deactivates the named printers, disabling them to print requests.
quota : displays the quotas of the current user.
quota -u erik : displays quotas as the root user for user erik. lpadmin Configures the lp print service by defining printers and devices.
quotacheck Checks file system quota consistency. lpfilter Administers filters used.
quotacheck /home : checks the user and group quotas in the /home file system. lpforms Administers the use of preprinted forms.
quotaon or Turns on and off file system quotas. lpmove Moves print requests between destinations.
quotaoff quotaon -u /home : turns on user quotas for the /home file system. lpsched Starts the print service.
quotaoff -v -a : turns off user and group quotas for all file systems (-a) in the /etc/filesystems file.
lpshut Stuts down the print service.
lpsystem Registers remote systems with the print service.
Print Management
The AIX print subsystem (default), a combination of the System V and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) lpusers Set printing queue priorities.
printing standard, and the System V R4 print subsystem are available. Both print subsystems cannot be set to the
active state at the same time using the normal procedures. Software Management
System file /etc/qconfig (stanzas that describe the printqueues and devices). Spooling uses the /var/spool/qdaemon A fileset is the smallest installable base unit for the AIX operating system (example: bos.perf.pefstat). A package is
directory. Daemon: qdaemon. a group of separately installable filesets that provide a set of related functions (example: bos.perf). A Licensed
switch.prt Displays the current active print subsystem, or switch between the active and inactive print Program Product (LPP) is a complete software product including all packages associated with that licensed program
subsystem. Read also AIX System V Printing. (example: bos). A bundle is a list of software that can contain filesets, packages, and LPPs that are suited for a
switch.prt -d : displays the current print subsystem that is active. particular use (examples: CDE, KDE, GNOME).
Each fileset in a product can be divided into three parts: usr, root, and share. Parceling of a software product is used
AIX print subsystem
for diskless and dataless clients. Thus it can be installed on one machine (the server) and then be used remotely by
qprt Starts a print job. other machines on a network (the clients).
lpr Enqueues print jobs. The usr part of a software product can be shared by machines with the same hardware architecture (stored in /usr).
The root part (optional) of a software product cannot be shared by machines. In a client/server environment, these
lp Sends requests to a line printer.
are the files for which there must be a unique copy for each client of a server. Most of the root software is associated
enq Enqueues a file. with the configuration of the machine or product (stored in the root (/) file tree. The /etc/objrepos directory contains
chprtsv Changes a print service configuration on a client or server machine. the root part of an installable software product's VPD).
The share part (optional) can be shared among machines, even if they have different hardware architectures.The
lsque Displays the queue stanza name.
share part of a product is always packaged in a separately installable package (stored in /usr/share).
lsque -q ps : displays the name of queue stanza ps.
The format for a software product level in AIX 5.2 is as follows:
mkque Adds a printer queue to the system.

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 versionnumber.releasenumber.modificationlevel.fixlevel
configassist Displays the Configuration Assistant wizard (graphics display).
install_assist Starts the Installation Assistant application (ASCII display).
geninstall A generic software product installer for installp, InstallShield Multi-Platform (ISMP), the Red Hat
Package Manager (RPM) installer and Uniform Device Interface (UDI).
geninstall –Ld /dev/cd0 : lists the contents of the CD media.
geninstall -d /tmp/RPM * : installs all RPM packages in the /tmp/RPM directory.
geninstall -d /dev/cd0 R:cdrecord : installs the cdrecord RPM package.
install_wizard Invokes the Web-based System Manager Install Wizard or the SMIT install menu.
install_wizard -d /dev/cd0 : invokes the Web-based System Manager Install Wizard using an
install CD in /dev/cd0.
gencopy Allows software products of various packaging formats (installp, RPM, ISMP, UDI) to be copied.
Wraps to the bffcreate command.
gencopy –Ld /dev/cd0 : lists the contents of the CD media.
gencopy –d /dev/cd0 I:bos.perf R:cdrecord : copies bos.perf and cdrecord images from CD
media to the default directory (/usr/sys/inst.images).
installp Install, update, and perform maintenance tasks on software.
installp -aXYd /dev/cd0 bos.perf : installs (automatically committed) all filesets within bos.perf
from /dev/cd0, expands file systems if necessary (-X), and accepts software licenses (-Y).
installp -pad /dev/cd0 X11.Dt : previews installation of X11.Dt from /dev/cd0.
installp -u -V2 X11.Dt : removes fileset X11.Dt with a verbose display of successes, warnings
and failures.
installp -ld /dev/cd0 : lists all software products and their separately installable options
on /dev/cd0.
installp -cgX all : commits all applied updates and removes the filesets for the previous version.
installp -C : cleans up after a failed installation.
mkinstallp Creates software packages in installp format.
rpm Installs, upgrades, queries, and deletes Linux RPM packages and maintains the RPM package
database (located in /var/opt/freeware/lib/rpm).
rpm -qa : queries installed RPM packages.
rpm -Uvh * : installs the RPM packages in the current directory.
lslpp Displays information about installed filesets/fileset updates.
lslpp -l bos.net.nfs.client : displays the maintenance level and state.
lslpp -L all : lists all installed software.
lslpp -L bos.dosutils : check if software installed.
lslpp -f bos.perf : displays the names of all the files of fileset bos.perf.
lslpp -ha : lists installation history of filesets.
lslpp -w /usr/sbin/nfsd : lists the fileset that the file belongs to.
lslpp -E bos.rte : displays the license agreements of the installed filesets.
lslpp -v :shows only the filesets that do not have the required prerequisites or are not completely
installed.
inulag Manages license agreements (front end).
inulag -l : lists all available software license agreements.
epkg Creates emergency fix (efix) packages that can be installed by the efix manager, emgr.
epkg perf : runs the epkg command in interactive mode and creates efix package perf.
emgr Starts the emergency fix (efix) manager, which installs, removes, lists, and checks system efixes.
The efix manager installs packages created with the epkg command and maintains a database
containing efix information. Databases are in the /usr/emgrdata/DBS directory.
emgr -l : lists all efixes on the system.
emgr -X -e perf.040503.epkg.Z : installs efix package perf.040603.epkg.Z and automatically
expand file systems if needed.
lppmgr Manages an existing installp image source.
lppmgr -d /images -u : lists all duplicate and conflicting updates in image source
directory /images.
lppmgr -d /images -u -r : removes all duplicate and conflicting updates in image source
directory /images.
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lppchk Verifies that files of an installable software product (fileset) match the SWVPD database
information for file sizes, checksum values, or symbolic links.
lppchk -v : verifies that all filesets have all required requisites and are completely installed.
lppchk -c X11.Dt : checks that file checksums and sizes of X11.Dt are consistent with SWVPD.
lppchk -l 'bos*' : verifies the symbolic links of all 'bos*' software products.
compare_report Compares fileset levels to those available and generates a report of filesets needed.
compare_report -s -r /tmp/LatestFixData52 -l : compares the software installed on a system (-s)
to the report of available updates (-r) LatestFixData52, available from the support Web site at
IBM.
oslevel Reports the latest installed maintenance level of the system.
oslevel -r : determines the highest recommended maintenance level reached for the current
version of AIX.
oslevel -lr 5100-04: lists which fileset updates are missing if after installing ML 04 on 5100-03
the command oslevel -r still shows 5100-03 (so, preferrably no output!).
instfix Installs filesets associated with keywords or fixes.
instfix -i | grep ML : displays all ML's installed.
instfix -ik "IY39231 IY38794" : checks if fixes IY39231 and IY38794 are installed.
instfix -k IY42424 -d /dev/fd0 : installs fix IY42424 from diskette.
install_all_ Updates installed system software to the latest level that is on the media and verifies the current
recommended maintenance level.
updates install_all_updates -d /dev/cd0 : installs all installp updates on /dev/cd0 and verifies the current
recommended maintenance level.
install_all_updates -d /images -rc : commit installs all installp updates and installs any
installable rpm updates in directory /images.
whence Displays the absolute path name.
whence nfsd : displays the full path of the nfsd program.
what Displays identifying information in files.
which_fileset Displays which fileset owns a command.
The bos.content_list fileset must be installed.
which_fileset topas : displays which fileset owns the topas command.
inutoc Creates a .toc file.
inutoc : creates the .toc file for the /usr/sys/inst.images directory.
Backup and Restore Management
lsmksysb Lists or restores the contents of a system backup.
lsmksysb : lists the contents of a system backup located on default device /dev/rmt0.
lsmksysb -f /dev/cd0 -s : lists the contents of a non-rootvg VG backup (-s).
lsmksysb -B : displays the volume group backup log.
lsmksysb -f /dev/cd0 : lists the contents of the system backup located on device /dev/cd0.
lsmksysb -f /dev/cd0 -r ./etc/inittab : restores /etc/inittab from the system backup on
device /dev/cd0.
lsmksysb -r -d /tmp/etc ./etc : restores all files in the /etc directory of the rootvg backup
on /dev/rmt0 and write the restored files to /tmp/etc.
mksysb Creates a bootable system backup of the rootvg volume group. Uses /image.data (contains
information on VGs, LVs, file systems, paging space, and PVs for an mksysb backup)
and /bosinst.data (specifies requirements at the target system for an mksysb backup
(INSTALL_METHODPROMPT, CONSOLE, DESKTOP, RECOVER_DEVICES, HDISKNAME,
etc.).
mksysb -i -e /dev/rmt0 2>/tmp/mksysb.err : creates a system backup (-i generates the /image.data
file) while excluding from the mksysb backup the user specified files and directories
in /etc/exclude.rootvg.
Procedure to restore /etc/inittab:
Find out the blocksize of the fourth image if not default:
cd /tmp
tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewind
chdev -l rmt0 -a block_size=512
 restore -s2 -xqdvf /dev/rmt0.1 ./tapeblksz diskette.
cat ./tapeblksz dd Converts and copies a file.
chdev -l rmt0 -a block_size=[number in the ./tapeblksz file] dd if=/dev/rmt0 bs=128k count=1 | wc -c : reads a single block from /dev/rmt0 and finds out used
Restore /etc/inittab: block size.
cd / chdev -l rmt0 -a block_size=512 : changes the block size of /dev/rmt0 to 512 bytes.
tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewind dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/tmp/fdcopy : copies the contents of the diskette into /tmp/fdcopy.
restore -s4 -xqdvf /dev/rmt0.1 ./etc/inittab
tctl Gives subcommands to a streaming tape device. Default device is /dev/rmt0.
mkszfile Saves the system state for reinstallation on the current system or on another system in tctl fsf 3 : moves forward three file marks.
the /image.data file. tctl -f /dev/rmt1 rewind : rewinds the rmt1 tape device.
mkszfile : creates or overwrites /image.data. tctl rewoffl : rewinds the tape and takes the tape drive offline.
mkcd Creates a multi-volume CD (or CDs) or DVD from a mksysb or savevg backup image. Supported
are: bootable and non-bootable CDs in Rock Ridge (ISO9660) or UDF (Universal Disk Format)
format. Only CHRP platform supports booting from DVD. ODM Management
mkcd -d /dev/cd0 : creates a bootable system backup on CD-R /dev/cd0. ODM information is stored in the directories /etc/objrepos (default ODM directory, $ODMDIR env
mkcd -U -d /dev/cd1 -V rootvg : creates a mksysb image (UDF format) on DVD-RAM. variable), /usr/lib/objrepos and /usr/share/lib/objrepos.
savevg Finds and backs up all files belonging to a specified volume group. odmadd Adds objects to created object classes.
savevg -i uservg : backs up VG uservg to the default tape drive (dev/rmt0) and creates a odmchange Changes the contents of a selected object in the specified object class.
new /tmp/vgdata/uservg/uservg.data file (-i). odmcreate Produces the .c (source) and .h (include) files necessary for ODM application development and
mkvgdata Creates a /tmp/vgdata/vgname/vgname.data file containing information about a volume group for creates empty object classes.
use by savevg and restvg. odmdelete Deletes selected objects from a specified object class.
mkvgdata uservg : creates a new /tmp/vgdata/uservg/uservg.data file.
odmdrop Removes an object class.
restvg Restores the user volume group and all its containers and files.
restvg -l -f /dev/rmt0 : displays VG information about the VG backed up on the tape in /dev/rmt0. odmget Retrieves objects from the specified object classes and places them into an odmadd input file.
restvg -s -f /dev/rmt0 hdisk1: restores the VG image from /dev/rmt0 onto PV hdisk1 with the LVs odmshow Displays an object class definition.
created at the minimum size possible to accommodate the file systems (-s: shrink file systems). odmshow CuDv : displays the object class definition for the Customized Device Database.
listvgbackup Lists or restores the contents of a volume group backup. listvgbackup -r and restorevgfiles are
interchangeable (perform identical operations). System Resource Controller (SRC)
listvgbackup -f /dev/cd0 : lists the contents of the system backup on device /dev/cd0.
listvgbackup -r -s ./data/mydata : restores the /data/mydata file from a non-rootvg backup on lssrc Gets the status of a subsystem, a group of subsystems, or a subserver.
device /dev/rmt0. lssrc -a : displays the status of all subsystems.
lssrc -g tcpip : display the status of the tcpip subsystem group.
restorevgfiles Restores files from a backup source.
restorevgfiles -f /dev/cd0 -s -d /tmp ./data/mydata : restores the /data/mydata file from a non- startsrc Starts a subsystem, a group of subsystems, or a subserver.
rootvg backup on /dev/cd0 to the /tmp directory. stopsrc Stops a subsystem, a group of subsystems, or a subserver.
backup Backs up files and file systems including extended permissions (ACLs). refresh Requests a refresh of a subsystem or group of subsystems.
find . -print | backup -i -q -f /dev/rmt0 : backs up all the files and subdirectories in the current refresh -g tcpip : refresh the group tcpip.
directory to /dev/rmt0 using relative path names, without prompting to prepare the backup medium refresh -s inetd : refresh the inetd subsystem (re-reads /etc/inetd.conf).
(-q).
chssys Changes a subsystem definition in the subsystem object class.
backup -0 -u -f /dev/rmt0 /home : backs up all the files (level 0) in the /home file system
to /dev/rmt0 and updates /etc/dumpdates (-u). mkssys Adds a subsystem definition to the subsystem object class.
restore Extracts files from archives created with the backup command. rmssys Removes a subsystem definition from the subsystem object class.
restore -Pa -vf /dev/rmt0 : restores only the permissions of the files on the tape archive. mkserver Adds a subserver definition to the subserver object class.
restore -s4 -Tdvqf /dev/rmt0.1 : lists contents of a mksysb tape.
rmserver Removes a subserver definition from the subserver object class.
restore -s4 -xdvqf /dev/rmt0.1 ./etc/inittab : restores the inittab file from tape.
pax Extracts, writes, and lists members of archive files; copies files and directory hierarchies.
Process Management
tar Manipulates archives. Use /opt/freeware/bin/tar for the Linux tar.
tar -cvf /dev/rmt0 * : backs up the current directory to /dev/rmt0. utmpd The utmpd daemon monitors /etc/utmp for validity of the user process entries every 300 seconds
tar -xvf /dev/rmt0 /etc/passwd : extracts the file /etc/passwd form tape. (default). Default there is no entry in /etc/inittab for utmpd.
tcopy Copies a magnetic tape. utmpd 500 : runs utmpd every 500 seconds.
tcopy /dev/rmt0 /dev/rmt1 : duplicates tape from tape device /dev/rmt0 to /dev/rmt1. whodo Reports the list of processes and their child processes belonging to users.
tcopy /dev/rmt0 : shows the block size in bytes for each tape file. who -l : summarises the current activity on the system.
cpio Copies files into and out of archive storage and directories. procwdx Prints the current working directory of a process.
find /home -print | cpio -ocvB > /dev/rmt0 : backs up /home to /dev/rmt0 using absolute path procwdx 21318 : displays the current working directory of process 21318.
names. truss Traces system calls executed by a process as, records the received signals and the occurrence
cpio -idmv </dev/rmt0 : restores all files from /dev/rmt0 while retaining previous file modification of machine faults. The output of truss can become very large.
time (-m). truss -e -o truss.out whoo : runs the who command under truss including the environment content
cpio -i "ma*" "myfile" </dev/rfd0 : restores all files that match ma* and the file myfile from (-e) and redirects the output to truss.out.

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 for i in *;do;doswrite $i $i;done : copies every file in the current directory to a DOS diskette.
Scheduling dosdel Deletes DOS files.
crontab Submits, edits, lists, or removes cron jobs for the cron daemon. The cron daemon logs its activities dosformat Formats a DOS diskette.
in /var/adm/cron/log. Mtools is a public domain collection of tools to allow Unix systems to manipulate MS-DOS files
Each crontab file entry contains six fields: minute hour day_of_month month weekday command Documentation: Mtools (HTML) or Mtools (PDF).
crontab -l : lists the user's crontab file.
crontab -e : edit the crontab file using an intermediate copy. floppyd floppy daemon to run on your X server box
at Runs commands at a later time. floppyd_installtest small utility to check for the presence of floppyd
at -l : reports the current user's scheduled jobs. mattrib change MS-DOS file attribute flags
batch Runs jobs when the system load level permits. mbadblocks tests a floppy disk, and marks the bad blocks in the FAT
skulker Cleans up file systems by removing unwanted files. Remove the comment from the skulker entry of mcat same as cat. Only usefull with floppyd.
the root crontab to enable operation. mcd change MS-DOS directory
mcopy copy MS-DOS files to/from Unix
Performance Management mdel delete an MS-DOS file
The base priority of a thread is 40. The nice value defaults to 20 for foreground processes and 24 for background
processes. mdeltree recursively delete an MS-DOS directory
The CPUs on a system are shared among all of the threads by giving each thread a time slice of one clock tick (10 mdir display an MS-DOS directory
ms).
mdu list space occupied by directory and its contents
Install the bos.perf.tools (base tools), bos.sysmgt.trace, bos.perf.perfstat and perfagent.tools filesets. Commands
no longer supported: bf (bigfoot), bfrpt, lockstat, stem, and syscalls. mformat add an MS-DOS filesystem to a low-level formatted floppy disk
topas Reports selected local system statistics. minfo get information about an MS-DOS filesystem.
schedo Manages CPU scheduler tunable parameters. mlabel make an MS-DOS volume label
schedo -o 15 : changes the time slice of one clock tick to 15 ms. mkmanifest makes a list of short name equivalents
bindprocessor Binds or unbinds the kernel threads of a process to a processor. mmd make an MS-DOS subdirectory
bindprocessor 22358 2 : binds the threads in process 22358 to processor 2. mmount mount an MS-DOS disk
perfpmr A set of tools and instructions for collecting the data needed to analyze a AIX performance mpartition create an MS-DOS as a partition
problem.
mrd remove an MS-DOS subdirectory
fdpr A performance tuning utility for improving execution time and real memory utilization of user-level
application programs. mmove move or rename an MS-DOS file or subdirectory
iostat Reports CPU statistics and input/output statistics for the entire system, adapters, tty devices, disks mren rename an existing MS-DOS file
and CD-ROMs. mshowfat shows the FAT map of a file
iostat -s 2 4 : displays four reports at two second intervals starting with the sum of all activities (-s). mtoolstest tests and displays the configuration
iostat -a : generates an adapter throughput report for all of the disk adapters.
lsattr -E -l sys0 -a iostat : displays the current iostat settings. mtype display contents of an MS-DOS file
chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=false : disable the collection of iostat data. mzip zip disk specific commands
lvmstat Reports input/output statistics for LPs, LVs and VGs for hot-spot management.
lvmstat -v rootvg -e : enables statistics collection for all the LVs in VG rootvg. CDE
lvmstat -v rootvg : reports statistics for all the LVs in VG rootvg.
lvmstat -v rootvg -C : clears the counter for VG rootvg. dtconfig /usr/dt/bin/dtconfig -d : disables desktop logins (-e enables desktop logins).
lvmstat -l hd6 : reports statistics for LV hd6 (paging). dtlogin /usr/dt/bin/dtlogin -daemon : starts the desktop login manager manually.
See migratelp to move LPs from one PP to another on a different PV.
xinit Initializes the X Window System.
xinit /etc/dt/Xsession : starts the CDE desktop from command line interface (customized version, if
DOS files Management present).
Install the bos.dosutils fileset for the DOS-commands or install mtools (AIX Toolbox for Linux Applications). xinit /usr/dt/bin/Xsession : starts the CDE desktop from command line interface (default version).
dosdir Lists the directory for DOS files (default device is /dev/fd0).
dosread Copies DOS files to AIX files. Miscellaneus
dosread -a yourfile.txt yourfile : copies a text file from a DOS diskette and replaces each
carriage return, line-feed sequence with a new-line character and interprets a Ctrl-Z as the end-
of-line character.
dosdir | awk '!/There are/ {print $1}'|xargs -t -i dosread {} {} : copies every DOS file from a Abbreviations and Acronyms
DOS diskette.
APAR Authorized Program Analysis Report
doswrite Copies AIX files to DOS files.
doswrite -a myfile myfile.txt : copies file myfile to a DOS diskette and replaces new-line CDE Common Desktop Environment
characters with carriage return, line-feed sequences (-a). Ctrl-Z is added at the end of file. CHRP Common Hardware Reference Platform

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 CuDv Customized Devices object class (ODM)
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ISA Instrumentation Systems and Automation Society
ISMP InstallShield Multi-Platform
JFS Journaled File System
JFS2 Enhanced Journaled File System
LFT Low Function Terminal
LTG Logical Track Group
LPP Licensed Program Product
LV Logical Volume
LVCB Logical Volume Control Block
MCA Micro Channel Bus Architecture
ML Maintenance Level
MWC Mirror Write Consistency
NIS Network Information Service
NVRAM NonVolatile Random Access Memory
ODM Object Data Manager Database
PB PetaBytes (1 PB is equal to 1024 TB)
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PdDv Predefined Devices object class (ODM)
PV Physical Volume
PVID Physical Volume IDentifier
PP Physical Partition
PTF Program Temporary Fix
RPC Remote Procedure Call
PReP POWERPC Reference Platform
RPM Red Hat Package Manager
SRC System Resource Controler
SWVPD Software Vital Product Data
TB TeraBytes (1 TB is equal to 1024 GB)
UDI Uniform Device Interface
VG Volume Group
VGDA Volume Group Description Area
VGSA Volume Group Status Area
VPD Vital Product Data

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