5

“DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYDRAULIC SCISSOR LIFT”
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In modern automated and robotized production lines the hydraulic drive has found an
ever-increasing application. This drive supersedes the mechanical, pneumatic and electric drives
in realizing straight-line translational and rotational motions of actuator. A confined fluid is one
of the most versatile means of modifying motion & transmitting power. fluid can move rapidly
in one part of its length and slowly in another. No other medium can combine the same degree of
positive ness, accuracy & flexibility while maintaining its ability to transmit maximum power in
minimum bulk & weight.
The advantages of the fluid have been integrated with the speed and flexibility to produce
hydraulic platform lifter. This machine developed is used particularly for lifting the load in
industrial lines where now a day the labor is higher . the machine finds wide applications in the
industries where load transmission from one place to another at particular height is to be done.
now days the hydraulic power is used in wide field of industries such as automobile hoist,
machine tool, fork lift, construction equipment, mining equipment etc
The hydraulic platform lifter consists of hydraulic power pack which is the source of
storing the hydraulic oil and for cooling of oil after the circulation of oil through the cylinders.
The base structure is made up of standard c channels which is capable of handling greater loads.
The hydraulic actuator consisting of cylinder, piston and all the other parts of the cylinder.
FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Page 1
CHAPTER 2
OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT
 To make a complete mechanical device: The idea is to make a device which does not use
any electrical power so that it is wholly independent of its own.
 To make a device which is suitable economically for small
o Scale industries: taking in to consideration the cost factor this device is suitable
for small scale as well as big scale industries.
 Taking safety as prime consideration: This device is safer in all respects.

 To build a device which cuts the bolt without applying greater force
 To develop the abilities such as working in groups, sharing responsibilities, initiative,
perseverance

Page 2
CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE SURVEY
HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS
Hydraulic actuators, of which cylinders are the most common, are the devices providing
power and movement to automated systems, machines and processes. A hydraulic cylinder is a
simple, low cost, easy to install device that is ideal for producing powerful linear movement over
a wide range of velocities, and can be stalled without causing internal damage. Adverse
conditions can be easily tolerated such as high humidity, dry and dusty environments and
repetitive clean down with high pressure hoses. The diameter or bore of a cylinder determines
the maximum force that it can exert and the stroke determines the maximum linear movement
that it can produce. Cylinders are designed to work at different maximum pressures. The pressure
actually supplied to a cylinder will normally be reduced through a pressure regulator to control
the thrust to a suitable level. As an example of cylinder power, a 40mm bore cylinder working at
6 bars could easily lift an 80kg man. The basic construction of a typical double acting single rod
cylinder is shown in the cut away section (Fig 1), where the component parts can be identified.

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Page 4

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Page 6

Page 7
Fig 1: Main components of a cylinder
1 Cushion seal 8 Front port

2 Magnet 9 Magnetically operated switch
3 Cushion sleeve 10 Piston rod
4 Barrel 11 Wear ring
5 Nose bearing 12 Piston seal
6 Rod seal and wiper 13 Rear end cover
7 Front end cover 14 Cushion adjustment screw
SINGLE ACTING CYLINDERS
Single acting cylinders use hydraulic oil for a power stroke in one direction only. The
return stroke is affected by a mechanical spring located inside the cylinder. For single acting
cylinders with no spring, some external force acting on the piston rod causes its return. Most
applications require a single acting cylinder with the spring pushing the piston and rod to the in
stroked position. For other applications sprung out stroked versions can be selected. Fig 2 shows
both types of single acting cylinder.

Page 8
Fig 2: Single acting cylinder
The spring in a single acting cylinder is designed to provide sufficient force to return the
piston and rod only. This allows for the optimum efficiency from the available pressure. Most
single acting cylinders are in the small bore and light duty model ranges and are available in a
fixed range of stroke sizes. It is not practical to have long stroke or large bore single acting
cylinders because of the size and cost of the springs needed. Single acting cylinders with no
spring have the full thrust or pull available for performing work. These are often double acting
cylinders fitted with a breather filter in the port open to atmosphere. The cylinder can be
arranged to have a powered outstroke or a powered in stroke (Fig 3).
Fig3. Single acting cylinder with no spring, push and pull

DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDERS
Double acting cylinders use compressed air to power both the outstroke and in stroke.
This makes them ideal for pushing and pulling within the same application. Superior speed
control is possible with a double acting cylinder, achieved by controlling the exhausting back
pressure. Non cushioned cylinders will make metal to metal contact between the piston and end
covers at the extreme ends of stroke. They are suitable for full stroke working only at slow
speeds which result in gentle contact at the ends of stroke (Fig 4). For faster speed, external stops
with shock absorption are required. These should be positioned to prevent internal contact
between the piston and end covers.

Page 9
.
Fig 4: Double acting non cushioned cylinder
Cushioned cylinders have a built in method of shock absorption. Small bore light duty
cylinders have fixed cushions which are simply shock absorbing discs fixed to the piston or end
cover (Fig 5).
Fig 5: Fixed cushion cylinder.

Other cylinders have adjustable cushioning. This progressively slows the piston rod down
over the last part of the stroke by controlling the escape of a trapped cushion of air (Fig 6).
Fig 6: Adjustable cushion cylinder
RODLESS CYLINDERS
For some applications it is desirable to contain the movement produced by a cylinder
within the same overall length taken up by the cylinder body. For example, action across a
conveyor belt or for vertical lifting in spaces with confined headroom. The novel design of a rod
less cylinder is ideal in these circumstances. The object to be moved is attached to a carriage
running on the side of the cylinder barrel. A slot, the full length of the barrel, allows the carriage
to be connected to the piston. Long sealing strips on the inside and outside of the cylinder tube
prevent loss of air and ingress of dust. The slot is unsealed only between the lip seals on the
piston as it moves backwards and forwards (Fig7). Direction and speed control is by the same
techniques as applied to conventional cylinders.
Page 10
Fig 7: Rod less cylinder
CYLINDER SIZING FOR THRUST

CYLINDER The theoretical thrust (outstroke) or pull (in stroke) of a cylinder is calculated by
multiplying the effective area of the piston by the working pressure. The effective area for thrust
is the full area of the cylinder bore. The effective area for pull is reduced by the cross section
area of the piston rod (Fig 8).

Page 11
Fig 8: Piston and rod diameters
Current practice specifies bore (D) and piston rod diameter (d) in millimeters and working
pressure (P) in bar gauge. In the formula, P is divided by 10 to express pressure in Newton’s per
square millimeter (1 bar = 0.1 N/mm 2)
The theoretical force (F) is given by
F= (p / A)
Where
D = Cylinder bore in millimeters
d = Piston rod diameter in millimeters
P = Pressure in bar
F = Thrust or Pull in Newtons
USABLE THRUST
When selecting a cylinder size and suitable operating pressure, estimation must be made
of the actual thrust required. This is then taken as a percentage of the theoretical thrust of a
suitably sized cylinder. The percentage chosen will depend on whether the thrust is required at
the end of movement as in a clamping application or during movement such as when lifting a
load. 63 48\\
254 46 55.6 (14) (2
1/4) 59588 58049
CLAMPING APPLICATIONS

Page 12
In a clamping application the force is developed as the cylinder stops. This is when the
pressure differential across the piston reaches a maximum. The only losses from the theoretical
thrust will be those caused by friction. These can be assumed to be acting even after the piston
has stopped. As a general rule, make an allowance of 10% for friction. This may be more for
very small bore cylinders and less for very large ones. If the cylinder is operating vertically up or
down the mass of any clamping plates will diminish or augment the clamping force.
DYNAMIC APPLICATIONS
The actual thrust and speed from a moving cylinder are determined by friction and the
rate at which oil can flow in and out of the cylinder’s ports. The thrust or pull developed is
divided into two components. One for moving the load, the other for creating a back pressure to
help expel the oil on the exhausting side of the piston. For a lightly loaded cylinder, most of the
thrust is used to expel the back pressure and will result in a moderately fast speed. This is self
limiting however as the faster the speed, the less will be the pressure differential across the
piston. This is due to the increasing resistance through the ports, tubing, fittings and valve as the
rate of flow increases. For a heavily loaded cylinder most of the thrust is used to move the load.
The exhausting pressure will fall considerably to give a higher pressure differential before
movement starts. The acceleration and speed will be determined by the inertia of the load and
rate at which the lower back pressure is expelled. A heavy load simply diverts a greater
proportion of the power of the cylinder away from creating a back pressure to moving the load.
Although the speed for a heavily loaded cylinder is going to be slower it is not unreasonably so,
providing the cylinder has been correctly chosen. As a general rule, the estimated thrust
requirement should be between 50% and 75% of the theoretical thrust. This should give
sufficient back pressure for a wide range of adjustable speed control when fitting flow regulators.
SPEED CONTROL
For many applications, cylinders can be allowed to run at their own maximum natural
speed. This results in rapid mechanism movement and quick overall machine cycle times.
However, there will be applications where uncontrolled cylinder speed can give rise to shock

Page 13
fatigue, noise and extra wear and tear to the machine components. The factors governing natural
piston speed and the techniques for controlling it are covered in this section.
The maximum natural speed of a cylinder is determined by:
• Cylinder size
• Port size
• Inlet and exhaust valve flow
• Oil pressure
• Bore and length of the hoses
• Load against which the cylinder is working.
From this natural speed it is possible to either increase speed or as is more often the
requirement, reduce it. First we will look at how the natural speed for any given load
can be changed by valve selection. Generally, the smaller the selected valve the slower the
cylinder movement. When selecting for a higher speed however, the limiting factor will be the
aperture in the cylinder ports (Fig 9)
Fig 9: Full & restricted port aperture

Valves with flow in excess of this limitation will give little or no improvement in cylinder speed.
The aperture in the cylinder ports is determined by the design. Robustly constructed cylinders
will often be designed full bore ports. This means that the most restrictive part of the flow path
will be the pipe fitting. These cylinders are the type to specify for fast speed applications and
would be used with a valve having at least the same size ports as the cylinder. Lighter duty
designs, particularly small bore sizes, will have the port aperture much smaller than the port’s
nominal thread size. This has the desired effect of limiting the speed of the cylinder to prevent it
from self destructing through repeated high velocity stroking. The maximum natural speed of
these cylinders can often be achieved with a valve that is one or two sizes down from the

Page 14
cylinder port size. Larger bore cylinders are designed with port sizes large enough to allow fast
maximum speeds.
In many applications however they are required to operate at relatively low speeds. For
an application like this, a cylinder can be driven from a valve with smaller sized ports than those
of the cylinder. Once a cylinder/valve combination has been chosen, and the load is known, the
natural maximum speed will be dependent on pressure. For an installed cylinder and load, an
experiment can be carried out. Connect a control valve that will cause the cylinder to self
reciprocate. Then start the system running at low pressure and gradually increase it. The cylinder
will cycle faster and faster until a limiting speed is reached. This is the optimum pressure for that
application. Increase the pressure further and the cylinder starts to slow down. This is caused by
too much air entering the cylinder on each stroke. More time is therefore taken to exhaust it and
results in a slower cylinder speed With any fixed combination of valve, cylinder, pressure and
load, it is usually necessary to have adjustable control over the cylinder speed. This is affected
with flow regulators, and allows speed to be tuned to the application. For the majority of
applications, best controllability results from uni-directional flow regulators fitted to restrict the
flow out of the cylinder and allow free flow in. The regulator fitted to the front port controls the
outstroke speed and the one fitted to the rear port controls the in stroke speed. Speed is regulated
by controlling the flow of air to exhaust which maintains a higher back pressure. The higher the
back pressure the more constant the velocity against variations in load, friction and driving force.
On the other side of the piston full power driving pressure is quickly reached. Many flow
regulators are designed specifically for this convention.
SEALS
SEALS
There are a variety of seals required within a hydraulic cylinders Single acting non
cushioned cylinders use the least, double acting adjustable cushioned cylinders use the most

Page 15
Fig 10: Types of seals

Key:
1) Cushion screw seal 4) Piston seal
2) Cushion seal 5) Barrel seal
3) Wear ring 6) Piston rod/wiper seal
A sliding seal such as fitted to a piston, has to push outwards against the sliding surface
with enough force to prevent compressed air from escaping, but keep that force as low as
possible to minimize the frictional resistance. This is a difficult trick to perform, since the seal is
expected to be pressure tight from zero pressure to 10 bar or more. There is a large difference
between static and dynamic friction. Static friction or break-out friction as it is sometimes called
builds up when the piston stops moving. Seals inherently need to exert a force radially outward
to maintain a seal. This force gradually squeezes out any lubricants between the seal and the
barrel wall and allows the seal to settle in to the fine surface texture. After the piston has been
standing for a while, the pressure required to start movement is therefore higher than it would be
if it is moved again immediately after stopping. To minimize this effect, seals should have a low
radial force and high compliance. High compliance allows the seal to accommodate differences
in tolerance of the seal molding and machined parts without affecting the radial force by a great
degree.
HOST PIPE
Hose is flexible pipe used to transmit flow from one point to another it completes. The
hydraulic circuit.
Advantages
 allow relative motion between components at either end of the hose assembly

Page 16
 To simplify routing and installation.

 easy to route over, under, around, or through a series of obstacles
 Replacement is convenient.
HYDRALIC OIL
Hydraulic oil servo 68grade mineral oil is used

Viscosity range = 16 to 32 cst
Temperature range -10 to 80degree Celsius
CHAPTER 4
COMPONENTS OF DEVICE
 Hydraulic hand pump
 Hydraulic actuators

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 Hydraulic single acting cylinders
 Top base plate
 Base – C channel
 Host pipe.
FEATURES OF PROJECT
1) It is easily operated
2) It is easily replaceable
3) Easy in construction & dis assembling
CHAPTER 5
WORKING
The principle of hydraulics where in fluid force is applied on the piston to move the load
is applied here .The working of the hydraulic scissor lift is simple in operation. It consists of tank

Page 18
or reservoir where hydraulic oil is stored which is 13 liters of capacity. Hand pump mounted on
the top of tank is used to displace the oil from tank to the cylinders with the help of hoists pipe.
Due to the pumping action the oil from the tank will move from the tank to the rear end
of the cylinders and applies the oil pressure force on the face of the piston head which moves the
piston rod in the forward direction there by lifting the upper platform as per the requirement
needs of the project. A relief valve which is inbuilt into the pump and oil tank is used for the
purpose of relieving the pressure which helps to bring back the piston in original position due to
gravity. C channels frame are used and circular pin is been used for distributing the pressure as
well as the external load.
CHAPTER 6
DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC SCISSOR LIFT
CYLINDER
Bore = Φ50 & having a pump of 16 HP with the working pressure 315bar
Page 19
Bore = Φ50
Standards for single acting cylinder

Pressure = 315bar
Material – structure steel st-42 hollow tube
Tensile strength = 42kgf/mm2
= 412.02 N/mm2
FOS = 4
σt = 412.04 / 4
= 103.00 N/mm2
t = di/2 x {√st +(1-2µ)p / st-(1+µ)p -1}
t= 50/2 x {√103 +(1-2x0.3)31.5 / 103- (1+0.3)31.5 -1}
t = 9.120645
t= 10 mm
Outer Diameter = d + 2to

= 50 + 2 x 10
= 70 mm
But the standard size is Φ75
Therefore a cylinder of 75 / 50 is used.

Page 20
Since the available size is Φ75mm then

t = (D-d)
2
t = (75-50) / 2 = 25/2 =12.5 mm

Hoop stress induced can be found by
t = d/2 { √st + (1-2µ)p / st-(1+µ) P -1}
12.5 = 50 /2 { √ st +(0.4 ) 31.5 / st-(1.3) 31.5 -1}
St + 12.6 = 4
St- 40.95
St + 12.6 = 4 st – 163.8
St = 58.8 N/ mm2
The stress is less than 103.00 N / mm2 and hence the design is safe.
DESIGN OF PISTON ROD

MATERIAL : EN-8
Load F= A x P
= {п / 4 x 50 2} x 31.5
= 61850.10537 N

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The internal resistance of piston is given by

Force F= Area x Stress
For piston rod material of mild steel EN – 8 ,σt = 541.9856 N / mm2.
σt = 541.9856 / 4 = 135.5 N / mm2
61850.10537 = {π / 4 d p2 x 135.5}
dp = 24.0176.mm
But the piston rod diameter is rounded off to 32 mm in order to sustain buckling load
dp= 32 mm
DESIGN OF END COVER

Material used Mild steel
Based on strength basis
F = d x tc x σt

Page 22
σt = 107.5 Mpa for load on cylinder F = 61850.10537 N
61850.10537 = 50 x tc x 107.5
The minimum thickness of end cover is 11.5069 mm but choosen thickness is 16 for the
consideration of seal thickness & the port dimensions.
tc = 16 mm
The thickness is found by industrial formula
tc = d √ ( 3 x σw / 16 x P) where σw = working stress
tc = 50 √ ( 3 x 800 / 16 x 31.5 ) σw = 800 N / mm2
tc = 50 x 0.690065
tc = 34.5032 mm
PISTON HEAD

Page 23
Piston head diameter is 49.794 – 49.970 mm the clearance is given as the piston is used
to slide forward and backward. The piston head length is choosen based on piston seals to fox
and width also no of seals to fix.
To check the piston rod for column action

When a structure is subjected to compression it undergoes visibly large displacements
transverse to the load then it is said to buckle, for small lengths the process is elastic since the
buckling displacements disappear when the load is removed
For one end fixed and other end free
C = 0.25
Let Fcr = Critical buckling load
E = 207 Gpa σy= yield point

= 280 Mpa
A = π / 4 x d2 = π / 4 x 322 = 804.247 mm2
A = 0.80424 m2
L = length of rod
K = Minimum radius of gyration
K= √ I / A
K = √ { (π / 64) x d4 }
{ (π / 4) x d2 }
K = d / 4 = 0.032 /4

Page 24
K = 0.008 m
Slenderness ratio
L / K = 0.590 / 0.008
L / K = 73.75
Critical load using Euler’s Formula
Fcr = C x π2 x E / (L / K) 2
Fcr = π 2 x E I / 4 L2
Fcr = π 2 x 207 x 1000 x 51471.85404

4x
Fcr = 75522.41833 N
Since the critical load for buckling is more than 61850.10537 N the buckling of rod will not
occur
BASE
The base structure is built up of C – channels & hollow bars are usually used in
engineering applications due to their high rigidity, strength as compared to the other bars
The choosen C channel is ISMC (Indian standard medium Weight channel)

Where
h = height
The dimension are h = 75 mm b = 50 mm t w = 4.4 t f = 7.3
A = 8.72 cm2
The supports and the two cylinders are flexibly coupled to the base there by not
transmitting the full load on to the base

Page 25
The total load on the platform & load kept on it is taken by the two cylinders &
four supports which are made up of C – Channels
F=P/A
Assuming the total load coming on the upper platform which is being lifted ie more than design
load.
P = 250000.00 N = 250000 N
P = 250 KN
F = 250000 / 872
F = 286.6972 Mpa
Since four supports are used stress on each support is

F = 286.6972 / 4
F = 71.67410 Mpa
Which is less than the yield stress i.e. 280 Mpa

Page 26
DESIGN OF CENTER PIN

Total load = 61850.10537 x 2
= 123700.2107N
Stress = P / A
Where
A = area
P = Pressure
Assuming bending stress of mild steel as 95Mpa
95Mpa = 123700.2107
π /4 x d2
d2 = 123700.2107 x 4
π x 95
d = 39.78mm
d = 40mm
There for the pin dia is 40mm
WHEELS
Wheels are made up of mild steel having diameters of Φ180mm and shaft diameter of
Φ25 mm. the wheels are chosen on the base on the design load criteria which can sustain the
external load and well as the equipment load during transpiration in industrial line. The main
function of using wheels for this equipment is that machine can be moved from corner to the
other corner of the industry premises as per the requirement to lift the load.

Page 27
CHAPTER 7
FABRICATION
1. Top frame C channel (ISMC)

Material: Mild steel ISMC 75
Operation: Cutting & welding.
2. Bottom frame C channel (ISMC)

Operation: Cutting & welding.
3. Support arms C channel (ISMC)

Operation: Cutting, Drilling & welding.
4. Pin
Material: Mild steel
Operation: Facing, Turning, Stepping & Drilling.
5. L angle (35 x 35 x 5)
Operation: Cutting, welding & Drilling.
6. Piping & flexible piping

Operation: Bending. Fitting.
7. Hydraulic Cylinder

Page 28
Operation: Facing, Turning, Boring, Threading, Honing.
8. Piston & Piston Rod

Operation: Facing, Turning Stepping, Drilling, Plating, grinding, Threading,
Slotting.
9. Metal plate:
Operation: Gas cutting, welding.
10. Clampers
Operation: Cutting, Drilling, Machining & Welding.
11. Handle
Operation: Cutting & Welding.

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Page 30

Page 31

Page 32

Page 33
COUPLING SELECTION

Page 34
STRAIGHT LINE MAIL THREAD

Page 35

Page 36

Page 37

Page 38

Page 39
HYDRAULIC SCISSOR LIFT

Page 40
CHAPTER 9
ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
 Transmission of high forces with a small space

 High energy density
 Energy storage capability
 Steeples variation in motive quantities such as speed, forces and torques
 Easy monitoring of force
 Rapid reversal due to low component masses (low inertia)
 Fast operating response
 Uniform motion (free from shock)
 Wide transmission ratio
 Long service life

Page 41
 Design freedom in the arrangement components

 Easy usage of standing components and sub –assemblies
 Overload protection
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
 Pressure and flow losses in pipes and control devices

 Fluid viscosity sensitive to temperature and pressure
 Leakage problems
 Compressibility of the hydraulic fluid
ADVANTAGES
o Easily movable
o Capable of handling greater loads, reducing in labor stress
o Easy in operation.
o Lifting of loads at particular height
o Accuracy of device is higher as it works on hydraulic system.
DISADVANTAGE

Page 42
1) Initial costs are more.

2) Prone to oil condition.
APPLICATION
1). Used in industrial application.

2). Used in hydraulic pressure system.
3). Used to lift vehicle in garages.
4) Maintenance of huge machines.
5). Used for staking purpose.
CHAPTER 9
COST EXPENDITURE
Materials Cost
SL No Particulars Rate Quantity Cost in Rs
1 Cylinder 3450/piece 2nos 6900
2 Hand pump 2950/piece 1nos 2950
3 ISMC C channel 45/kg 1nos 11700
4 Base plate 62/kg 1nos 930
5 Wheels 280/piece 4nos 1120
6 Handle Pipe 45/kg 1nos 234
7 Nut, bolt & studs 80/kg - 1120
8 Shaft 45/kg 3nos 833
9 Host pipe - - 450
10 Coupling 65/piece 3nos 195

Page 43
11 Hydraulic servo Oil 68grade 115 13liters 1495

12
13
14
Process Cost
1 Machining - - 560
2 Drilling - - 600
3 Grinding/Filling - - 850
4 Welding - - 700
5 Greasing - - 50
6 Painting - - 560
1 Project Report - - 850

2 Miscellaneous - - 1800
Total 33,897
CHAPTER 10
FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
We feel the project that we have done has a good future scope in any engineering
industry. The main constraint of this device is the high initial cost but has low operating costs.
The shearing tool should be heat treated to have high strength.
Savings resulting from the use of this device will make it pay for itself with in short
period of time & it can be a great companion in any engineering industry dealing with rusted and
unused metals.
The device affords plenty of scope for modifications, further improvements & operational
efficiency, which should make it commercially available & attractive. If taken up for commercial
production and marketed properly, we are sure it will be accepted in the industry. It has plenty of
scope if the device is made larger in size.

Page 44
CHAPTER 11
CONCLUSION
The project work carrier out is successfully designed meeting the requirement as
constraints. Design and fabrication of hydraulic scissor lift for effort less lifting of load is done
because; it is operated by hydraulic cylinder which is operated by the hand pump. The scissor lift
can be design for high load also if a suitable high capacity hydraulic cylinder is used. The
hydraulic scissor lift is simple in use and does not required routine maintenance. It can also lift
heaver loads. For the present dimension we get a lift of 5ft. the scissor lift can lift a load of 1.5 –
2 ton.

Page 45
CHAPTER 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• TEXT BOOKS
1). Machine Design by R.K. Gupta
2). Theory of machines by R.S. Khurmi.
3). Mechanical Engineering science by R. K. Hedge
4). Fluid mechanics by R. K Bansal
5). H G Patil data hand book
• WEB SITE
1). www.howstuff.com
2). www.google.com
3). www.hand pumps .com

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“DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYDRAULIC SCISSOR LIFT”

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

 Taking safety as prime consideration: This device is safer in all respects.

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Fig 1: Main components of a cylinder

1 Cushion seal 8 Front port

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Fig 2: Single acting cylinder

Fig3. Single acting cylinder with no spring, push and pull

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Fig 5: Fixed cushion cylinder.

Fig 6: Adjustable cushion cylinder

Fig 7: Rod less cylinder

CYLINDER SIZING FOR THRUST

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Fig 8: Piston and rod diameters

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Fig 9: Full & restricted port aperture

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Fig 10: Types of seals

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

 To simplify routing and installation.

Hydraulic oil servo 68grade mineral oil is used

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

 Hydraulic single acting cylinders

 Top base plate

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC SCISSOR LIFT

Standards for single acting cylinder

t= 50/2 x {√103 +(1-2x0.3)31.5 / 103- (1+0.3)31.5 -1}

Outer Diameter = d + 2to

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Since the available size is Φ75mm then

t = (75-50) / 2 = 25/2 =12.5 mm

DESIGN OF PISTON ROD

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

The internal resistance of piston is given by

For piston rod material of mild steel EN – 8 ,σt = 541.9856 N / mm2.

σt = 541.9856 / 4 = 135.5 N / mm2

DESIGN OF END COVER

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

σt = 107.5 Mpa for load on cylinder F = 61850.10537 N

tc = d √ ( 3 x σw / 16 x P) where σw = working stress

tc = 50 √ ( 3 x 800 / 16 x 31.5 ) σw = 800 N / mm2

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

To check the piston rod for column action

For one end fixed and other end free

Let Fcr = Critical buckling load

E = 207 Gpa σy= yield point

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Critical load using Euler’s Formula

Fcr = π 2 x 207 x 1000 x 51471.85404

The choosen C channel is ISMC (Indian standard medium Weight channel)

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY’ DESIGN, FABRICATION, ANIMATION

Since four supports are used stress on each support is

Which is less than the yield stress i.e. 280 Mpa