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IO Z V IC H
I . GOLDBERG
G.YANKOVSKY
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫ Е ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫ Е КУРСЫ
ЗАОЧНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫ М ЯЗЫКАМ
«ИН-ЯЗ»
АНГЛИИСКИИ
язык
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
ДЛЯ II КУРСА
Иозвич Г. О. и др.
И75 Английский язык: Учеб. пособие для И курса/Г. О. Иозвич,
И. И Гольдберг, Г. Н. Янковский. —5-е изд., дораб. —М : Просве
щение, 1984, —239 с. —В надзйг.: Г ос. центр, курсы заоч. обучения
иностр. яз. «ИН-ЯЗ».
У чебное пособи е по английскому языку предназначено для II курса. Оно содержит
9 уроков и рассчитано на второй семестр обучения. В пособи е, помимо грамматических
и лексических объяснений и текстов, включены лексико-грамматические упражнения, клю
чи для самоконтроля, а также справочный материал и словарь.
м 4309021500-743
И ------------------------- заказное ББК 81.2Англ
103(03)—84 4 И (Англ.)
© Государс гвенные центральные курсы заочного обучения «ИН-ЯЗ», 1984 г., с изменениями.
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Структура пособия
Методические указания
1 3
3. Прочитать вслух фонетические упражнения, добиваясь беглости
(см. указания по работе с грампластинкой).
4. Прочитать текст сначала про себя, затем вслух, познакомиться
с пояснениями к тексту (см. указания по работе над лексикой).
5. Отработать чтение текста, записанного на грампластинку.
6. Выполнить упражнения к уроку в той последовательности, в ко
торой они даются, сверяя выполнение с ключом в конце пособия.
7. Упражнения (Assignments) к каждому уроку, отмеченные знач
ком *, обязательно выполняются письменно в домашней тетради, ко
торая присылается на проверку вместе с очередной контрольной рабо
той (вариант А).
Занятия нужно проводить ежедневно, не допуская перерывов. За
нимаясь ежедневно по полтора-два часа, можно добиться гораздо
лучших результатов, чем при занятиях по пять-шесть часов в день,
но с большими перерывами. За время перерывов многое забывается,
и приходится заново прорабатывать ранее пройденный материал.
5
текст до конца про себя, стараясь понять общее его содержание,
познакомиться с пояснениями к тексту. Затем следует приступить к
чтению текста вслух. Отрабатывая правильное чтение, особое внима
ние нужно уделить отрывкам, записанным на грампластинки (см. Работа
над произношением).
Необходимо научиться слушать самого себя, следя за правильным
произнесением каждого слова, за словесным и фразовым ударением
и мелодикой предложения.
После того как техника чтения отработана, следует приступить к
выполнению послетекстовых упражнений, которые закрепляют и акти
визируют лексический и грамматический материал урока. Одним из
упражнений является письменный перевод отрывка текста на русский
язык. Цель перевода состоит в правильной передаче содержания ино
странного текста средствами родного языка. Д ля этого необходимо:
1. Прочитать весь отрывок текста до конца.
2. Добиться полного понимания каждого предложения, т. е. найти
главные его члены, понять все слова в их счязи.
3. Не переводить предложение слово за словом, а дочитать его
до конца и затем перевести на русский язык по смыслу.
4. При пользовании словарем не следует ограничиваться первым
значением непонятного слова. Необходимо выбрать из всех значений
то, которое наиболее подходит для правильной передачи понятия
в данном тексте.
Закончив перевод, необходимо прочесть его вслух и проверить,
говорят ли так по-русски. Если перевод звучит плохо, надо поста
раться найти соответствующие русские выражения и обороты.
Выполненный перевод нужно проверить по ключу и исправить
смысловые ошибки. В таких случаях необходимо еще раз прочитать
соответствующие предложения, проверить значение слов по словарю
и проанализировать связь между словами в предложении. В заклю
чение работы над текстом следует добиться полного понимания его
без словаря.
После выполнения всех лексических и грамматических упражнении
рекомендуется прочитать текст еще раз, не прибегая к словарю.
Пониманию текста способствует выполнение таких упражнений,
как ответы на вопросы по тексту урока, и упражнения по развитию
навыков устной речи.
Рекомендуется также делать обратные переводы. Упражнение на
обратный перевод заключается в следующем:
1. Перевести несколько отдельных предложений или небольшой
отрывок английского текста письменно на русский язык.
2. Перевести свой русский перевод снова на английский язык,
не глядя в текст.
3. Сверить свой перевод с оригиналом и исправить все ошибки.
4. Проанализировать, на какое грамматическое правило были до
пущены ошибки. Повторить соответствующее правило по пособию.
Упражнение на обратный перевод помогает активизировать и за
крепить лексический и грамматический материал урока.
в Авторы
Lesson One The First Lesson
REVIEW OF SOUNDS
• * T a b le I
SHORT VOWELS
i b l e II
LONG VOWELS
EXERCISE 1
Practise the sounds by pronouncing each word from 3 to 5 times (see
Tables I and II).
§ 1. ГЛАГОЛ
1. ЛИЧНЫЕ И НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
7
Bob goes to school every morning. Боб ходит в школу каждое утро.
They are reading the newspaper now. Они сейчас читают газету.
We shall go to the cinema on Sunday. Мы пойдем в кино в воскресенье.
Don’t make so much noise, children! Не шумите так сильно, дети!
Например:
to screen—screened — экранизировать
to televise—televised — Передавать по телевизору
to wire—wired — телеграфировать
to radio—radioed — радировать
§ 2. КАТЕГОРИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ
•10
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ I
§ 4. КАТЕГОРИЯ ЗАЛОГА
I. ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ
2. СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ
The picture was painted (by him) last summer. Картина была написана (им) прошлым
летом.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2
Поставьте предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме.
1. His lessons are begun at 9 o’clock. 2. Our exercises are correcte
by the teacher at home. 3. The glass was broken by my brother last
night. 4. These letters were written by Mary yesterday. 5. The students
of our group will be examined by the professor tomorrow. 6. The square
will be decorated with flags on Sunday.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3
Напишите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге, не из
меняя времени. Подлежащим сделайте выделенные слова.
1. Ann writes compositions very well. 2. In her last composition Mar
described the monuments of the city. 3. The next day the teacher read
the composition to the whole class. 4. Peter painted the Kremlin. 5. Ann
will invite Mary to the birthday party. 6. He rang the bell loudly.
7. Peter will buy this book tomorrow. 8. Columbus discovered America
in 1492. 9. Peter I founded St. Petersburg in 1703.
* Конго — название страны, может употребляться как с артиклем, так и без него.
14
7. Названия улиц и площадей употребляются без артикля:
Chaikovsky Street, Fleet Street, Broadway, Forty-Second Street, Seventh Avenue, Trafalgar
Square, Times Square, Red Square, Pushkin Square.
I want to introduce you to Peter and Я хочу познакомить вас с Петром и Вик
Victor, great friends of mine. тором, моими большими друзьями.
Peter and Victor, history teachers, told Петя и Виктор, учителя истории, рас
me many interesting things about the Kremlin. сказали мне много интересного о Кремле.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4
The wounded were given the necessary Раненым оказали необходимую по-
help. мощь.
17
2. Прилагательные, обозначающие названия наций и оканчиваю
щиеся на -sh и -ch:
the English англичане the Dutch голландцы
the Irish ирландцы the Scotch шотландцы
the French французы
On his left he had an old Englishman. Слева от него сидел (находился) ста
The Englishman did not pay any attention to рый англичанин. Англичанин не обращал
George. никакого внимания на Джорджа.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 5
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 6
Подчеркните числительные и переведите предложения устно на
русский язык.
1. The speaker told us a few actual facts. 2. The poor woman had
practically nothing to eat the whole day. 3. This school was originally
very small. 4. The Kremlin was originally a fortress. 5. The actual weight
of this bell is more than 200 kilogrammes. 6. The old man was so thin
that he weighed practically nothing.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 8
Переведите устно следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая
внимание на перевод глаголов с префиксом ге-.
1. Peter rewrote his composition last night. 2. The clerk re-addressed
the letter. 3. This question was reconsidered yesterday. 4. The old man
recounted his cows. 5. George repacked his bag once more. 6. Some of
the attempts to remake Nature were successful.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 9
• Consonant Combinations
burnw down aroundw the p re se n t-d a y
wasw the inw the putw the
ofw the o u t^ to asw the
a n d ^ th e o ld ^ to w e r a t^ th e
TEXT
23
On the initiative of V. I. Lenin, in 1918, the Soviet Government moved
from Petrograd to the Kremlin, and Moscow became the capital of the
first socialist state in the world.
• Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world and is the capita
of both the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and the
RSFSR 2 (the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic). Like Kiev and
Rome it is situated on seven hills. Moscow was built outward from its
heart and centre, the K rem lins which was originally an island. The map
of the city today looks like a wheel with broad spokes leading out to
concentric avenues 4
The first circle was originally a wooden fence around the Kremlin,
built in 1156. The city steadily pushed outs and other walls which are
the sites o f several present-day circular boulevards,6 closed it in. The new
boulevards are extraordinarily wide for the most part. For example,
Chaikovsky Street, which is part of the В-Circle Boulevard, can easily
hold twenty cars abreast. Tunnels are found in places with extraordinarily
heavy traffic.
Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It has a
dramatic past, made real and magnificent by the Kremlin and other
monuments.? It is not only the seat of the Government. Here are such
institutions as the Academy of Sciences, Moscow University arfcl the
Lenin Library. Here are the Bolshoi Theatre, the Moscow Art Theatre,
the Kremlin Palace of Congresses and other well-known theatres. Moscow
is also an important industrial and transport centre. A large part of the
industrial production of the country comes from the factories of Moscow.
It is one of the most important railway centres. Here, too, is a terminus®
of the Moscow Canal. The Canal plays a large role in transport, making
Moscow an important port deep inside the country.
The most magnificent sights in Moscow are the Kremlin, Red Square
and the Lenin Mausoleum, which millions of people visit every year.
A part of the Kremlin Wall is a pantheon where the great people of
the Soviet State-Dzerzhinsky, Kalinin, Sverdlov and others are buried.
The most magnificent structure of the Kremlin is the Spassky Tower
with its ruby star which shines from the tower at night. •
This is a very old tower. In fact, it is over 470 years old. It was built
in 1491 as the Frolovsky Tower and about 300 years ago was rename^
the Spassky Tower. It is 71 metres high. The Spassky Tower is one of
the twenty towers of the Moscow Kremlin. The brick wall around the
Kremlin is two kilometres long.
“All Moscow,” wrote Emile Verhaeren, the famous Belgian poet,
“appears to me like a giant outdoor museum, and the most perfect, the
most unique and the most magnificent sight in this museum, is the
Kremlin.”
The Spassky Gate at the foot of the Spassky Tower has always been
the main entrance to the Kremlin. Today whenever there is a session
of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR it is opened for deputies from all
the 15 republics-workers, collective farmers, scientists, writers, engineers,
24
artists, etc. It is also used by delegates to national conferences of all
kinds that are held in the Kremlin.
The five-pointed ruby star on the top symbolizes peace and the unity
of the five continents. Such stars were mounted and litw on five of the
Kremlin towers in 1937 for the twentieth anniversary of the Great October
Socialist Revolution. They weigh from 1 to 1.5 (one point five) tons each,
and their rays are 3 metres 75 centimetres long. The stars, lighted with
5,000-kilowatt lampsw mounted inside, are particularly beautiful at night.
The clock in the Tower is known to everybody as “Kremlyovskiye
Kuranty” (Kremlin Chimes) and was first mounted in 1851-1852. The
mechanism occupies three storeys-the 7th, 8th, and 9th -an d the clock
has four faces-one on each wall of the Tower. The hour-hand is 2.97
metres long, the m inute-hand-3.28 metres. The clock is operated by three
weights of between 160 and 224 kilograms each, and the striking mechanism
is linked to nine bells which chime every quarter of an hour, and also
with another very large bell which strikes the hour.
When the Kremlin was stormed during the Great October Socialist
Revolution, the Spassky Tower was hit and the clock was put out of
order. The clock was restored in 1919 on the initiative of V. I. Lenin.
The Spassky Tower is not only a historic monument. Its history is
closely linked to the present times. Twice a y ear-in autum n, during the
Great October Socialist Revolution celebration, and on May 1-Red Square
is the scene of magnificent demonstrations and Soviet Army parades, the
place where Muscovites come with music, banners and flowers. They pass
the Mausoleum ^nd the grandstands along the Kremlin Wall. These
grandstands are filled with Muscovites and visitors from the Union R e
publics and foreign countries. Hundreds of thousands of Soviet people
report their achievements to the leaders of the Party and Government.
Notes
3. Moscow was built outward from its heart and centre, the Kremlin.—
Москва строилась вширь (дословно: наружу) от своего сердца и центра,
Кремля.
4. The map of the city today looks like a wheel with broad spokes
leading out to concentric avenues.—Карта города в настоящее время
(сегодня) похожа на колесо с широкими спицами, с расходящимися
от центра широкими улицами.
5. The city steadily pushed out —Город неуклонно расширялся
6. boulevard ['bu:lva:] —бульвар (зд. широкая улица, обсаженная де
ревьями, проспект); present-day circular boulevards, closed it in —тепереш
ние кольцевые проспекты замкнули его (город)
7. It has a dramatic past, made real and magnificent by the Kremlin
and other monuments. —У нее драматическое прошлое, которое становит
ся реальным и величественным благодаря Кремлю и другим памят
никам.
8. terminus ['te.-minas] —конец, конечная станция (железнодорожная,
трамвайная, автобусная) или конец воздушной трассы
9. pantheon ['paenGian] —пантеон (здание для захоронения, увекове
чения памяти знаменитых государственных деятелей, деятелей науки
и искусства. Здесь взято в значении места захоронения.)
10. Such stars were mounted and lit —Такие звезды были установ
лены и зажжены; The stars, lighted with 5,000-kilowatt ['kilowot] lamps —
Звезды, освещенные лампами в 5000 киловатт
(Глагол to light [lait] зажигать, освещать имеет параллельные формы:
past, р . р . lit [lit], lighted ['laitid]. Формы эти взаимозаменяемы, но в
Past Indefinite обычно употребляется форма lit. Например: Не lit а
candle.—Он зажег свечу. Реже —Не lighted a candle. Перевод тот же:
Он зажег свечу.
Lighted, в отличие от lit, часто употребляется в функции определения.
Например: Не took the lighted candle and went into the dark room .—
Он в з я л зажженную свечу и пош ел в темную комнату.)
ASSIGNMENTS (LESSON 1)
Do the following exercises and then check yourself using the keys on
pages 180-183.
I*. 1Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
I. heavy traffic; 2. Kiev is situated on seven hills; 3. the capital was
moved to Moscow in 1918; 4. the first circle was originally a wooden
fence; 5. both the Academy of Sciences and Moscow University are well
known all over the world; 6. Moscow University was founded by Lom o
nosov; 7. for the most part; 8. for example; 9. present-day circular boulevards;
10. ar* important port deep inside the country; 11. in fact; 12. 71 metres
high; 13. twice a year; 14. at the foot of the tower; 15. the Kremlin
Palace of Congresses.
II. Translate into Russian the text of the lesson beginning with the
words: ‘T h e Spassky Gate at the foot of the Spassky Tower ...” and
ending with the words: “... are particularly beautiful at night.”
III*. Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not
change the tense.
IV*. Change the following sentences from Passive to Active. Do not change
the tense.
27
known to everybody. 4. The stars were first mounted by the workers in
1937 for the twentieth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution.
5. The trading post of Moscow was known to Novgorod merchants
(купцы) in old times. Different goods were brought to Moscow by them.
6. A new tunnel under this square will be finished by our brigade next month.
VII*. Fill in the definite or indefinirte article where required (see § 6, 7).
a) 1. My friend Victor, ... engineer, came to see» me last night.
He came together with his son, ... boy of eight. 2. ... Danube is
... large river in ... centre of ... Europe. 3. ... Caspian Sea and ... Baltic Sea
are connected by ... Volga-Baltic Canal. 4.... Thames flows through ... London.
5. Three Siberian rivers ... Ob, ... Lena and ... Yenisei flow into ... Arctic
Ocean. 6. For many years ... Captain Ivanov lived on ... bank of ... Volga
River. 7. ... Trafalgar Square is situated in ... heart o f ... London. 8. ... North
Dakota is one of ... states of ... USA. 9. Last year they visited ... house
where Rembrandt, ... great Dutch artist, was born. 10. ... New York is
situated at ... mouth o f ... Hudson River. 11. Many bridges cross ... Moskva
River. 12. Near ... Spassky Tower is an 18th century building. 13. It was built
by M. Kazakov, ... famous Russian architect, and now houses (в нем поме
щается) ... Government of ... USSR.
b) 1. One o f... two remaining old Moskva bridges is ... Borodinsky Bridge.
2. It was built in 1912 in honour o f ... Patriotic War of 1812. 3. ... bridge was
reconstructed ... few years ago on ... initiative of ... Moscow Soviet, and
its width was doubled. 4. To the left o f ... bridge is ... Kiev Railway Station,
... terminus of ... Moscow—Kiev line. 5. It is one of ... main railway lines
leading to ... South of ... Soviet Union. 6. It links ... Moscow and
... Kiev, ... capital of ... Ukraine. 7. In 1954 ... monument symbolizing ...
friendship of... Russian and ... Ukrainian peoples was laid i n ... square facing ...
railway station to mark ... unity o f ... Ukraine and ... Russia.
28
VIII. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs where required.
1. Red Square is the scene ... many historic events. 2. ... 1917
the final battles ... the Moscow proletariat... Soviet power were fo u g h t... Red
Square. 3. The fighters who lost their lives are buried ... a common grave ... the
foot ... the Kremlin Wall. 4. ... holidays, hundreds ... thousands ... working
people come ... the square ... a broad stream ... Gorky Street and Manage Square.
5. They march ... Red Square. 6. They pass the Mausoleum and are greeted ...
the Party and Government leaders. 7. The history ... Red Square is closely
linked ... the developm ent... Moscow. 8. The square was a trading p o s t... old
times. 9. It was originally the point where highways leading ... Moscow met.
10. The Spassky Tower is the main entrance ... the Kremlin. 11. It rises ...
Red Square ... the left ... the Mausoleum. 12. The clock ... the Tower
whose chimes are heard ... midnight ... Radio Moscow was mounted ... the
Spassky Tower ... 1851. 13. ... 1917 ... the October Revolution, the clock
was put ........ order. 14. Some time later ... the initiative ... V. I. Lenin it
was restored and its musical chimes were changed.
IX. Fill in the blanks with suitable words chosen from the list below.
1. Moscow is the ... of the Soviet Government. 2. On November 7
the Soviet people celebrate the ... of the Great October Socialist Revolution.
3. Millions of people take part in these ... . 4. Demonstrations of working
people in Red Square show the ... of the Soviet people. 5. Every year hundreds
of thousands of Soviet people march across this ... square. 6. The Moscow
Kremlin has twenty ... . 7. ... of all the Soviet Republics take part in the work
of the Sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. 8. The clock was ... in
1917. 9. There are several ... to the Kremlin. 10. Moscow is growing ... .
11. The 128-kilometre Moscow Canal ... the Moskva River to the Volga.
12. This canal makes Moscow an important ... deep inside the country.
13. Thousands o f ... come to Moscow every year. 14. The striking mechanism
of the clock was ... in 1919. 15. The five-pointed ruby stars on the Kremlin
tow ers... the unity of five continents.
(anniversary, celebrations, delegates, symbolize, deputies, entrances, historic,
links, port, put out o f order, rapidly, restored, seat, tower, unity)
X*. Translate into English using cardinal numerals as nouns (see § 9).
1. Тысячи людей приняли участие в демонстрации в день Первого
мая. 2. Миллионы учатся в школах и университетах Советского Союза.
3. Сотни рабочих работают на нашей фабрике. 4. Тысячи людей в нашей
стране работают и учатся. 5. Сотни студентов присутствовали на его
лекции вчера.
XI*. Translate into English using the Passive construction.
1. Этот маленький город у подножья горы был сожжен во время
Великой Отечественной войны. 2. Стены и башни Кремля в Горьком
были восстановлены несколько лет тому назад. 3. Рубиновые звезды
Кремля были установлены на башнях по инициативе Советского прави
29
тельства. 4. Трибуны вдоль Кремлевской стены заполняются москвичами
во время празднований годовщины Октябрьской революции и Первого
мая.
XII*. Use a word or word combination from the text in place of the
words and expressions in bold type. Translate your sentences into Russian
orally.
1. Moscow is the main city of the USSR. 2. Kiev stands on the
bank of the Dnieper. 3. The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow. 4. There are
щапу broad avenues in Moscow. 5. Many important conferences take place
in the Kremlin every year. 6. In 1917, during the October Revolution the
clock was broken. 7. Two years later the clock was repaired. 8. The Kremlin
has four gates. 9. About 300 years ago the паще of the Frolovsky Tower
was changed.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3
34
Как можно увидеть из примеров, первый тип пассивных конструкций
можно переводить всеми тремя способами. Выбор того или иного
варианта перевода будет зависеть от всего контекста и от стиля переводи
мого отрывка. Во втором и третьем типах возможен только один способ
перевода —неопределенно-личным предложением.
Поскольку в русском языке пассивные конструкции встречаются
значительно реже, чем в английском, в тех случаях, когда в английском
предложении при сказуемом в страдательном залоге указан деятель,
следует при переводе на русский язык пассив заменить активом.
Например:
This article was read by all the students of Все студенты нашей группы прочитали
our group. эту статью.
This newspaper is brought by the postman Почтальон приносит эту газету рано
early in the morning. утром.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4
Переведите устно на русский язык.
2* 35
2. Present Indefinite употребляется для выражения будущего деисши
н обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях времени и условия
после союзов: if —если; in case—если, в случае если; unless —если
юлько не; provided (that) или on condition (that)—при условии; when —
когда; until или till —до тех пор пока; after —после, после того как;
before —прежде чем; as soon as —как ю лько; as long as —пока, до тех пор
пока; directly —немедленно и др.
В русском языке в таких случаях употребляется будущее время.
I shall talk to her when (as soon as) she Я noiOBopio с ней, коиш (как только)
comes. она прилег.
I shall talk to her if (in case) she comes Я поговорю с ней, если (в случае если)
early. она прилег рано.
We shall go to the country on Sunday if Мы поедем ta ю род в воскресенье,
(provided) the weather is fine. если погода будег хорошая.
I shall give you my raincoat on condition Я дам вам свой плащ при условии, что
you return it tomorrow morning. вы вернете его завтра утром.
I shall let you know directly (as soon Я сообщу вам, как только (немед
as) he comes. ленно как) он прилет
If you come before 9 o’clock, I’ll introduce Если вы приедете до девяти часов, я
you to Professor Sidorov. познакомлю вас с профессором Сидоровым.
(И i текста урока 2.)
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 5
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 6
Переведите устно следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая
внимание на перевод одноименных существительных.
1. The children ran about the house from room to room turning on
the lights. 2. They went hand in hand across the square. 3. The manager
who met them at the door was smiling from ear to ear. 4. After a short face
to face conversation with the inspector, the singer left the town on Saturday
night. 5. Theory and practice go side by side. 6. It was an eye to eye talk.
37
Различия в грамматике между этими двумя вариантами английского
языка весьма незначительны. Так, например, для выражения будущего
времени (Future Indefinite) англичане чаще всего употребляют вспомо
гательный глагол shall для 1-го лица единственного и множественного
числа и глагол will для всех остальных лиц единственного и множест
венного числа; в США will в основном употребляется со всеми лицами
единственного и множественного числа. Имеются также другие незначи
тельные случаи расхождений.
Произношение американцев также имеет свои особенности. К основ
ным фонетическим особенностям американского варианта произношения
можно отнести употребление звука [ае] вместо [а:]; произнесение звука [а]
вместо [о]; вместо звука [ju:] после начальных [t, d, п] и звуков [s, z] про
износится fu], и некоторые другие различия, в силу которых английское
и американское произношение некоторых слов не совпадает. Например:
Правописание Произношение
английское американское
class, chance [kla.s], [tja:ns] [klaes], [tjsens]
hot, stop [hot], [stop] [hat], [stap]
suit, duty [sju:t], I'djuiti] [sut], ['duti]
38
Некоторые сложные существительные имеют второстепенное ударение
на втором элементе: 'grand'mother; 'grand'father и др. Отдельные слож
ные существительные имеют два главных ударения: 'ice'cream , 'gas-
'stove, 'good-'will (добрая воля), 'countryside.
2. Сложные прилагательные
В тексте встречаются сложные прилагательные, состоящие из
основы имени существительного + основа причастия прошедшего времени:
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 7
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 8
Proper Names
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 9
• Consonant Combinations
TEXT
• WELCOME TO MOSCOW!
Notes
ASSIGNMENT (LESSON 2)
Do the following exercises and then check yourself using the keys on
pages 183-186.
I*. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
I. buses were glass-topped; 2. The traffic grew heavier; 3. mile after mile;
4. the Kremlin appeared fora short time; 5. the sidewalks were crowded;
6. the newly built city; 7. fence-enclosed space; 8. the car will call for you;
9. the streets were spotless; 10. the flat sunlit countryside; 11. a broad busy street;
12. your rooms will be next to each other; 13. they shook hands; 14.1 was dying
for a breath of fresh air; 15. everything will be taken care of; 16. the rest of the
delegation; 17. he led the way; 18. the blue lampshade; 19. the elevator
operator; 20. a single militiaman; 21. a stone embankment; 22. vast open
fields.
II. Translate into Russian the text of the lesson beginning with the words:
“Outside the airport, the countryside was flat...” and ending with the words: “Not
at all,” said Nick.”
III*. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying special attention
to the Passive Voice.
1. An interesting report was published by our institute last week. 2. Ne
methods of work are discussed every week. 3. I was told this morning that
the book was published in Leningrad last year. 4. The book will be used by
many of our specialists. 5. Yesterday the librarian was ordered to buy 10 copies
of this book for our library. 6. His joke was laughed at by the young people.
45
7. Excellent models of modern machines were shown at the exhibition.
8. The delegates were shown excellent models of modern machines at the
exhibition. 9 .1 was introduced to this scientist last Monday. 10. The lecture was
listened to with great interest.
VII*. Translate the following sentences into English using the Passive
Voice.
1. В 1703 году Петр I основал крерость на берегу Невы. 2. В 1712 год
столица была перенесена в Санкт-Петербург, и город начал быстро
расти. 3. Город был большей частью построен на островах. 4. По ини
циативе Петра I в 1724 году была основана Академия наук для развития
науки в России. 5. В 1934 году по инициативе Советского правительства
Академия наук была переведена в Москву. 6. Город на Неве был
переименован в Ленинград в 1924 году. 7. Все городские часы в
Москве приводятся в действие электричеством. 8. Часы на Спасской
башне приводятся в- действие тремя тяжелыми гирями. 9. Спасские
часы были восстановлены в 1919 году. 10. Ника отвезли в гостиницу
«Москва» в большом автомобиле. 11. «Мы обо всем побеспокоимся»,—
добавил Гончаров. i2. Вам покажут исторические памятники в воскре
сенье (2). 13. В Москве будет построено много новых жилых домов в
будущем году. 14. Киряев был представлен доктору Реннету Гончаровым.
46
VIII. Fill in the definite or indefinite article where required.
1. Goncharov met Nick at ... airport. 2. They shook hands and went to ...
black automobile. 3.... doors o f ... automobile were open. 4. They p u t... luggage
into ... long automobile. 5. ... car moved towards V.* highway leading to ...
Moscow. 6. Nick looked out of ... window of ... car. 7. ... sun was shining
brightly in ... sky. 8. ... mile after ... mile he drove down ... road and saw ...
trucks and ... cars moving along ... same highway. 9. He looked at ... new
tall apartment houses that were on both sides o f ... road. 10, This was ..* new
Moscow that he had read about in ... newspapers. 11. In twenty minutes Nick
saw ... magnificent structures of ... Kremlin. 12. Then ... car stopped.
13. It stopped in front of ... huge building. 14. “...Moskva Hotel,” said
Goncharov.
IX. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs where required.
1. Dr. Rennet stepped ........ the airplane and stopped ... a moment
... the landing-stage. 2. Then suddenly ... the right he saw Goncharov ... the
crowd 3. Nick quickly walked ... the steps. 4. There were hundreds ...
people ... the fence-enclosed space. 5. He pushed his way ... the crowd ...
Goncharov. 6. They shook hands and Goncharov led him ... a black automobile.
7. “Your luggage will be taken care ...,” he added. 8. They drove ;.. the flat
countryside. 9. Nick lo o k e d .......the window and thought that it looked ... the
r e s t... the world. 10. Only the smell ... the Russian gas was different... theirs.
11. He could not get used ... i t .;. a long time. 12.... half an hour their car stopped
... the tall building ... the Moskva Hotel.
XII. Fill in the blanks with suitable words or word combinations from the
list below. Use the proper grammatical form in each case.
1. Sheremetyevo ... is situated near Moscow. 2. The ... around Moscow
is extraordinarily beautiful in May. 3. The airport was situated on a ... plain.
4. Dr. Rennet ... with Kiryaev and said: “I ... to see you.” 5. On their way
from the airport the delegates did not see the sun because it ... by the
clouds. 6. The foreign delegates ... when they saw the size of the new Moscow.
47
7. Ann ... the way to the elevator and we went up to the fifth floor. 8. Before the
Great October Socialist Revolution there were many ... in the countryside
around Moscow. 9. It rained all night and the water was on a ... with the
banks of the river. 10. He looked at the people on the sidewalks as they ...
little flags which said: “... home to our heroes.” 11. She ... the door open.
12. I moved to the telephone to make arrangements, but Alex ... at my arm.
13. “I’m delighted to see you,” he said and took ... forward. 14. The boat was
lost to sight in the ... stormy ocean. 15. I saw Boris at the club and ... him as
usual. 16. The delegation consisted of ten scientists ... Victor. 17. Tomorrow I
... you as soonas I get the tickets. 18. The camp was built in an o p en ... in a forest.
(vast, to be delighted, to push, airport, to he hidden, to be surprised
countryside, to shake hands, flat, level, log housest to callfor, welcome, to welcome,
space, a step, to wave, to pull, including, to lead)
XIV*. Use a word or word combination from the text in place of the words
in bold type. Translate your sentences into Russian orally.
1. Dr. Rennet was glad to see G oncb^ov at the airport. 2. He pushed
towards the Russian scientists who gifeeted him warmly. 3. We made our
way through the crowd in the marble hall. 4. Dr. Rennet shook Goncharov and
Kiryaev by the hand. 5. The other delegates aie already here. 6. On the
street level were shops. 7. Your gas smells different. 8. They walked along
the crowded pavement. 9. Bright lamps above the fence made a ring of light
round the dark place in which the house stood.
§ 20. ИНТОНАЦИЯ
• (INTONATION)
В английском языке, как и в русском, различаются две основные
речевые мелодии: нисходящая, или падающая (Tune I), и восходящая,
или повышающаяся (Tune И).
+ Не lives in Moscow.
• Tune I
С мелодией I произносятся:
1. Простые утвердительные предложения, выражающие законченное
высказывание.
• It was a 'broad ousy %street.
2. Специальные вопросы.
Ф 'What did you'see in \ Moscow?
3. Приказания и высказывания.
♦ 'Open the % window.
# 'Such a 'fine Л day!
• T u n e II
С мелодией И произносятся:
1. Общие вопросы.
# 'Do you 'live in / Leningrad?
49
2. Просьбы.
ф 'May I 'ask you a J question?
• EXERCISE 7*
• DIALOGUES
* * *
* На пластинке упражнение 8.
50
- % Yes, of -n course.'T hat’s'probably t even faster.
- 'How 'long does it 'take by % Metro?
- %Why, 'only 'ten minutes or so.
- 'Thanks very % much.
- You’re % welcome.
51
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ I
Примеры:
Columbus and his sailors were the first Колумб и его Mai росы были мерными
Europeans in America. европейцами, попавшими в Америку.
There they saw strange natives with red Они увидели 1ам сфанны х lyjeMUeB с
skin whom they considered savages. красной кожей, коюрых они считали
дикарями.
He is a native of Cuba. Он уроженец Кубы.
Last year we spent a whole month in a В прошлом ю ду мы провели целый
relative's house on the Oka. месяц на Оке в доме наш ею родственника.
My friend has few relatives. У моего /ipyia мало родственников.
Примеры:
The Indians have no political rights in the Индейцы не имеют полиш чес^их прав
United States of America. в Соединенных Штатах Америки.
The travellers came up to the Indians’ Путешественники подошли к деревне
village. индейцев.
The only Italians I know in Levenford Единственные ш альянцы , которых я
are those ice-cream merchants. знаю в Ливенфорде, это юрговцы моро
женым.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2
Подчеркните все субстантивированные прилагательные и переведите
предложения устно на русский язык.
1. Ann has many relatives in Moscow. 2. The Italians and the Cubans
live on different continents. 3. My sister likes greens in her soup. 4. These
sweets are not tasty. 5. Some Norwegians live beyond the Arctic Circle.
6. We bought two weeklies.
53
§ 23. ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ СЛОВА
It is a disgrace to the nation and the world. Это позор для страны и всего мира.
...a couple of miles from the nation’s capital. ...всего в двух милях от столицы
страны.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3
Переведите на английский язык данные в скобках слова.
Используйте слова и выражения к тексту урока.
Consonant Combinations
TEXT
WASHINGTON SLUMS
ASSIGNMENTS (LESSON 3)
Do the following exercises and then check yourself using the keys on
pages 187—189.
I*. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
1. death-rate; 2. to be under discussion; 3. show-window; 4. twice as
high; 5. to step inside; 6. it is beyond me; 7. ragged children; 8. sight-
* paper-hanger ['peipo'haetp] п о б о и щ а х
** paper ['peipa] n обои; v оклеивать обоями
*** to leak [li: k] v протекать
60
.seeing; <>. never mind; 10.the first impression of the city; Ц. poverty
and misery; 12. at the present rate; 13. tree-lined streets; 14. to have a
look at; twice as much; 15. to take an interest in, fly-specked calendar;
16. customer; 17.to shrug; 18. to publish a report.
IJ. Translate into Russian the text of the lesson beginning with the
words: “In 1958 the American writer Carl Marzani...” and ending with the
words: “...at the present rate.”
V*. Translate into English using the indefinite pronoun “one” as subject.
1. ТрущоЗы можн • наЙ1 и лаже в цен i ре Ваш инпона. 2. Там можно
увидеть бедность и нищету тысяч американских семей. 3. Находят, что
трущобы в Ныо-Йорке даже хуже, чем трущобы в Вашингтоне. 4. Там
можно увидеть оборванных детей, играющих в грязных дворах.
5. В Нью-Йорке можно увидеть людей, спящих на тротуарах. 6. Нужно
всегда держать свое слово. 7. Когда не знают грамматики, часто де
лают ошибки.
VI. Fill in the blanks with prepositions (or adverbs) where required.
1. Last week I read .. one ... the magazines an article ... the n
apartment houses ... Moscow. 2. 1 took a great interest ... them. 3. 1 decided
to have a look ... then). 4. I went ... Lomonosov Avenue ... Sunday.
5. I spoke ... one *... the people who lived ... these new apartment houses.
6. My new friend invited me ... his one-room apartment. 7. It was ... the
sixth floor. 8. The kitchen was ... the left, the bathroom ... the middle,
and a bedroom ... a wall closet ... the right. 9. There were large windows ...
61
the apartment. 10. The whole apartment was full ... light and fresh air.
11. ... the street level there were stores, barber shops, and restaurants.
VII. Translate the words and phrases given in brackets and fill in th
blanks.
1. There are (трущобы) in every capitalist city. 2. There is (бедность
и нищета) everywhere. 3. The tubercular (смертность) is very high in the
slums. 4. One can find many (оборванных детей) there, but the (экскур
соводы) never show the slums to the tourists. 5. W hen the American
senators saw the slums, they (были возмущены). 6. “How people live here
is (выше моего понимания),” said one senator. 7. “Now I understand
why there are so many (преступлений) in our country,” he added. 8. The
second senator only (пожал плечами). 9. This is а (позор) to the nation.
10. The houses in 'th e slums are so bad that they hardly (защищают)
the poor from the cold winds in winter. 11. “I didn’t understand what
you told me over the phone yesterday, Mary.” “(He беда^ you will some
day,” she said.
XII. The following statements are not true to fact. Correct them according
to the text of Lesson 3.
1. Well-dressed children are seen in the dirty crowded yards. 2. The senators
were indifferent when they saw the slums. 3. How people live here is
quite clear to me. 4. The calendar in the small room was spotless.
5. The Negroes get their bottles of beer in a small room.
XIII. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Каждый год Вашингтон посещают тысячи людей. 2. Специальны
гиды показывают им исторические памятники города. 3. Туристы посе
щают парки, национальную галерею, здание конгресса и другие истори
ческие места. 4. Улицы в центре города чистые, широкие, с высокими
деревьями по обейм сторонам. 5. Но туристы никогда не видят вашинг
тонские трущобы. 6. Трущобы можно найти недалеко от центра
столицы. 7. В старых домах вашингтонских трущоб можно увидеть
грязные комнаты, набитые людьми. 8. Смертность очень высока в этой
части американской столицы. 9. Многие журналы публиковали статьи
об американских трущобах несколько лет тому назад. 10. Но трущобы
существуют и сейчас.
IV. Translate the following sentences into English using the Passive
Voice.
1. Президент Академии наук приветствовал делегацию. 2. Делегаты
конференции обсудили его доклад на заседании. 3. О его докладе
много говорят. 4. Г ончаров показал доктору Реннету прекрасное здание
Московского университета (два варианта). 5. Все знают часы на Спасской
башне. 6. Механизм этих часов занимает три этажа. 7. Три тяжелые
гири приводят часы в действие.
VI. Insert the Present, Past or Future Indefinite of the verbs in brackets
(Active or Passive).
In 1960 Mitchell Wilson, the progressive American writer, (to spend)
a few months in the Soviet Union. His stay in Moscow (to give) the writer
much material for his book “Meeting at a Far Meridian”. In this novel the
life and creative work of scientists both in the Soviet Union and the USA
(to show) by the author.
The main hero of the novel, Nicholas Rennet, an atomic scientist,
(to ask) by the government in 1959 to help produce atomic bombs.
He (not + to want) to do it and the offer (to refuse) by him. Dr.
Rennet (to arrive) in Moscow in the summer of 1960 and (to take
part) in a scientific conference of physicists. He (to meet) at the airport by
Goncharov. Goncharov said, “In half an hour we (to ' e) at the Hotel
Moskva. When you (to come) to the hotel you (to meet) the rest of the
delegation.”
VIII. The following statements are not true to fact. Correct them
according to the text of Lesson 2.
1. Dr. Rennet stood for a moment on the low platform. 2. p a a lev
with him Nick saw the white building of the airport. 3. Behind the white
building was a fence-enclosed space. 4. A black car waited with closed doors.
5. Buses appeared on the road without any people. 6. “You speak Russian
very badly,” said Nick lightly.
I. Translate into Russian the text of Lesson 2 beginning with the words:
“The streets were black with people ...” and ending with the words:
“I’m really here.”
IV. Translate the following sentences into English using the Passive Voice.
1. Юрий Долгорукий основал крепость на берегу Москвы-реки
в 1147 году. 2. Тысячи людей посещают Кремль каждую неделю.
3. Сенаторам показали трущобы Вашингтона (два варианта). 4. В вести
бюле этой гостиницы продают газеты и журналы каждый день.
5. Делегаты будут обсуждать этот доклад в среду.
VI. Insert the Present, Past or Future Indefinite of the verbs in brackets
(Active or Passive).
In March 1962 Moscow (to visit) by Mitchell Wilson again. He (to come)
to Moscow to discuss the production of a Soviet-American film. He (to meet)
many people and (to speak) to them about his book and the plans for the film.
These plans (to discuss) by many well-known Russian producers.
In an interview the author said: “The film (to base) on my novel
‘Meeting at a Far Meridian’. It (to help) Americans understand better the
life and people of the Soviet Union. It (to help) in the struggle for
peace all over the world.”
VIII. The following sentences are not true to fact. Correct them according
to the text of Lesson 2.
1. He stood for a moment inside the airplane. 2. He quickly walked do
the steps. 3. The automobile and truck traffic grew lighter.
• REVIEW OF SOUNDS
DIPHTHONGS
• Table I
• T a b l e II
EXERCISE 1
EXERCISE 2
• POEM
WORDS
СОН РАБА
68
Он видит вновь свою жену,
Глядит в ее глаза.
И дети тут —целуют, льнут,
Звенят их голоса...
Скатилась тихо по щеке
Тяжелая слеза.
Г. В. Лонгфелло
перевод М. Касаткина
Утвердительная форма
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1
Проспрягайте устно глагол to invite во временах Present, Past,
Future Perfect (Active и Passive) в утвердительной, вопросительной и
отрицательной формах.
В отрицательной форме:
I haven’t ['haevnt] asked, he (she, it) hasn’t ['haeznt] asked, we (you, they) haven’t ['haevnt]
asked.
2. Past Perfect Tense
70
В утвердительной форме:
I’d [aid] asked, he’d [hi:d] asked, she’d [Ji;d] asked, we’d [wi:d] asked, you’d [ju:d]
asked, they’d [5eid] asked.
В отрицательной форме:
I hadn’t ['haednt] asked, he (she, ii) hadn’t ['haednt] asked, (you, they) hadn’t ['haednt] asked.
В отрицательной форме:
I shan’t [Ja.nt] have asked, he (she, it) won’t [wount] have asked, we shan’t [[a:nt]
have asked, you (they) won’t [wount] have asked.
72
4) Inclusive Present Perfect
I haven’t heard from her since New Year Я не имею от нее известия с Нового года.
I have known Mary since childhood. Я знаю Мэри с детства.
We have been here for two hours. Мы (находимся) здесь уже два часа.
I have known him for five years. Я знаю его (знаком с ним) пять лет.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2
73
§ 27. СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЕ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ФОРМ PRESENT
PERFECT И PAST INDEFINITE
74
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3
When I have written this article, I’ll go Когда я напишу эту статью, я пойду в
to the Institute. институт.
I’ll give him the newspaper as soon as Я дам ему газету, как только прочту ее.
I have read it.
After the power-station has been com После того как строительство электро
pleted, it will supply electricity to many towns станции будет закончено, она даст электро
and villages. энергию многим городам и селам.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4
75
вия или до определенного момента в будущем. Эта форма употребля
ется сравнительно редко.
Future Perfect Tense употребляется в предложениях, в которых время
действия уточняется обстоятельственными словами: by the time —к тому
времени как, by Monday (Tuesday, etc.) —к понедельнику (вторнику
и т. п.), by the end of the week (month, year, etc.) —к концу недели
(месяца, года), by the 10th of July (August, September, etc.) —к 10 июля
(августа, сентября и т. п.), before —прежде чем, и т. п.
Глаголы в Future Perfect переводятся на русский язык глаголами
совершенного вида в будущем времени.
The pupils will have finished their com Ученики закончат свои сочинения к
positions by the end of this lesson. концу этого урока.
The builders will have done a great piece Строители выполнят большую рабо
of work by the new year. ту к новому году.
This composition will have been finished Это сочинение будет закончено к тому
by the time the bell rings. времени, когда раздастся звонок.
By the first of September all our school К первому сентября все школьные зда
buildings will have been repaired and got ready ния будут уже отремонтированы и подготов
for the new school year. лены к новому учебному году.
By that time two cofferdams will have К этому времени будут построены две
been built and the main dam will have been перемычки и будет закончена главная пло
completed. тина.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 5
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 6
The Nile is one of the world’s longest Нил —одна из самых длинных рек в
rivers. мире.
... the country’s agricultural land area ... обрабатываемая земельная площадь
страны {Из текста урока 4.)
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 7
Напишите следующие предложения, используя форму притяжатель
ного падежа. Переведите полученные предложения устно на русский
язык.
1. The daughter of our manager is a young girl. 2. The letter of
Victor was brought yesterday. 3. The rays of the sun are very hot in July.
4. The boy got his salary for the first week. 5. The longest tunnel in
the world has been built by Russian engineers in the Pamirs.
TEXT
The following text is based on historical material taken from the magazine
“Science Digest” and the newspaper “Daily Worker” of 1961-4,,
It describes a great construction project in Africa carried out with the
help of the Soviet Union.
On the 15th of January, 1971, the Aswan High Dam was officially
inaugurated in a ceremony attended by Arab and Soviet leaders and
delegates from throughout the world.
The 364-feet high dam with the giant power-statipn has already given
Egypt plenty of electricity and two or three cropsa year. The A
peoples are already feeling the economic results of the great construction
job which symbolizes the friendship of the Soviet peoples and the Nations
of Africa.
Over two thousand years ago the Greek historian, Herodotus,2 wrote,
“Egypt is a gift of the Nile.” Others have since said, “If the Nile dries
up today, Egypt dies tomorrow.”
No one has ever doubted these statements, for 99 per cent of a
population of 26 million live on only 3^5 yper cent of the country’s land
area and this thin strip of rich soil str6tches for 600 miles along both
banks of the Mother of Rivers - a green strip of life in a barren desert.
Although the Pharaohs 4,000 years ago first tried to solve the probl
of the Nile, one of the world’slongest river, to give water to the land,
4 - 27# 81
it is only in recent years that the Arab Republic of Egypt has made a
plan to mobilize the forces of the great river to serve both agriculture
and industry. This is the biggest construction job in Africa and is known
as the Aswan Dam project.
Since it was begun on January 9, 1960, the construction of this “modern
pyramid” has moved well along on the Upper Nile, 400 miles to the
south of Cairo and about four miles to the south of the town of Aswan.
The Soviet specialists work and live in Sad-Al-Ali, the Arab name for
the Aswan High Dam.
The project is a vast construction job. The material needed for its
construction will come to 40 million cubic metres, or nearly 20 times more
than went into the Cheops Pyramids Egypt’s largest.
At the height of the construction, 6,000 workers, technicians, and engineers
will be needed. According to Herodotus, the Cheops Pyramid was built
by 100,000 men working hard for 30 years.
The dam will create a vast man-made lake* that will stretch nearly
300 miles on both sides of the Egyptian-Sudanese frontier. This vast lake
will cover the barren desert. It will restore one million acres of barren
land and restore another 100,000' acres of land now partly cultivated,
increasing the country’s agricultural land area of 6300,000 acres by nearly
30 per cent. After the Aswan power-station has been completed, it will
supply electricity to many towns and villages along the Nile.
Egypt hopes that the project will have paid for itself by the end of
the second year.
Since the beginning of construction work, 3,000 men, including 2,000
Egyptian and 65 Russian engineers apd technicians, working in 50-degree
temperatures under the hot sun, have blasted nearly 500,000 tons of granite
to make a canal. W hen the canal has been completed, it will turn the
waters of the Nile to a new course in preparation for building the dam.
W hen the dam has been completed, it will be 4,000 feet long and 200
feet wide at its base.
With 25 million tons of rock still facing them, the engineers expect
to increase their production from 2,000 tons a day to 16,000 tons a day
as they begin to use 88-ton excavators and 10,000 tons of other heavy
machinery, including trucks, cranes and bulldozers-all imported from the
Soviet Union.
To understand the importance of the High Dam, one must know
something about the Nile. The Nile is Africa’s longest river (about 6,500 km).
The N ile-actually two rivers: the White Nile and the Blue N ile-begins
at a height of 6,500 feet near lake Tanganyika in the heart of Africa,
flows for 4,000 miles through Uganda, Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Egypt,
and flows into the Mediterranean. Throughout history, the Nile has left
annually a thin layer of African top-soil on Egyptian lands.
So important is this annual phenomenon that the grateful people of
Egypt celebrate the “Festival of the Nile Flood” at Cairo when the river
reaches its highest point in mid-August. The governor of Cairo throws
into the river a document which states that “the Nile has kept its promise”
once more. If the flow is normal, there will be a good harvest. If not,
82
it may mean starvation for some. And if too high, it may mean floods.
One of the first steps of the Arab Renublic of Egypt was to indus
trialize the country and develop its agriculture-the High Dam project was
the result. The High Dam will supply the power to drive Egyptian machinery.
It will give a regular supply of water, it will help to cultivate new lands.
The dam will prot£Gt vast areas from floods, and will make possible regular
navigation between Egypt and the Sudan for the first time.
A great part of the work of building roads, railways, water and electric
supply lines, has already been completed. About 3,400,000 cubic yards
of hard rock were excavated during 1961.
“So far as I know, such a volume of rock removals has never before
been done at any hydroelectric construction site in the world,” said one
of the Soviet engineers.
“More than 400 Soviet specialists have worked on the site since the
beginning of the work. The new date for the completion of the Aswan
High Dam is 1968. By that time two cofferdams will have been built,
a diversion canal will have been put into operation. W hen the main dam
has been completed the builders will go on to new work.”
* * *
We have just completed a short review of one of many engineering
projects in which Soviet specialists are helping the African peoples to
develop their national economy. The people o f ‘the Arab Republic of
Egypt will always be grateful to the peoples of the Soviet Union for
their help.
Notes
1. Aswan High Dam —высотная Асуанская плотина (ее строительство
осуществлялось с помощью Советского Союза)
2. the Greek historian Herodotus —греческий историк Геродот (около
484-425 гг. до н. э.; прозванный «отцом истории»)
3. the Cheops Pyramid [бэ 'ki:ops 'piramid] —пирамида Хеопса (третье
тысячелетие до н. э.; вы сота—146 м\ один из выдающихся памятников
мировой архитектуры)
4. man-made lake —искусственное море (Асуанское водохранилище
вмещает более 130 миллиардов кубометров воды. Слово sea —море
употребляется в английском языке только в отношении водоемов с
соленой водой. Здесь слово lake переводится принятым в русском
языке термином «море».)
5. a volume of rock removal —объем выемки грунта
Proverbs
1. While there is life there is hope. —Сравни: Век жиЬи, век надейся.
2. Many hands mafce light work.—Когда рук много, работа спорится.
A Joke
“I wish I were like a river!”
“What for?”
“To follow my course without leaving my bed.”
83
ORAL EXERCISES ON THE ГЕХТ OF LESSON 4
ASSIGNMENTS (LESSON 4)
Do the following exercises and then check yourself using the keys on
pages 189—192.
I*. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
I. rich soil; 2. a vast construction; 3. only in recent years; 4. a man-
made lake; 5. to solve the problem of the Nile; 6. to protect from floods;
7. a good harvest; 8- to make possible regular navigation; 9. a plan to
mobilize the forces of the Great River to serve both agriculture and
industry; 10. at the height of the construction.
II. Translate into Russian the text of the lesson beginning with the
words; “One of the first steps of (he Arab Republic of Egypt ...” and
ending with the words: "... the builders will go on to new work.”
III. Fill in the blanks with the definite or indefinite article where required.
1. ... people of ... Arab Republic of Egypt are pleased with ... completin
of ... Aswan Dam. 2. In that country, which has such ... favourable climate
and gets such ... vast quantities of ... warmth from ... sun, ... economic
development has always depended on ... supply of ... water. 3. It is
impossible to grow ... cotton (хлопок) without ... good water supply, and
... cotton is one of ... main agricultural products in ... Arab Republic of
Egypt. 4. Ninety-six per cent of ... land area of ... Republic is ... barren
desert. 5. When ... dam has been completed, ... cultivated area will be
greatly increased and it will be possible to cultivate ... lands of ... Upper
Nile ... whole year round instead of waiting for ... floods. 6. ... Aswan
Dam is one of ... world’s biggest power-stations. 7- With ... construction
of ... power-station ... supply of ... electric power will increase by almost
ten times. 8. ... dam will also make possible ... regular navigation between
... Egypt and ... Sudan.
84
ГУ*. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs where required.
1. The Volga power-station near Volgograd is one ... the biggest ...
the world. 2. It is not far ... where some ... the bitterest fighting took
place ... the battle ... the Volga. 3. The completion ... the Volga station
is an important step ... the achievement of complete electrification ... the
country. 4. Put ... operation a few years ago, the Volga station is already
supplying electric power ... Moscow and ... the Donetsk basin area. 5. The
Volga Dam, three miles long and ... a total height ........ 200 feet, has
created a vast, man-made lake stretching northwards ... Volgograd almost
... Saratov, ... the spot where the first spaceman, Gagarin, returned ...
Earth. 6. Its waters will bring new life ... thousands ... acres ... desert
area.
IX. Translate the words and phrases given in brackets into English.
1. For about half of its course the Nile flows through the (бесплод
ные территории). 2. The power-station (закончена). 3. Very few people
live (в пустыне). 4. Soviet (техники) and engineers who took part in
(строительстве) of the Aswan Dam did everything possible (чтобы ввести
в действие) the power-station according to the plan. 5. The Soviet people
gave a helping hand to the Egyptians in the construction (такого важ
ного строительного объекта). 6. (Ежегодные) celebrations of the “Festival
of the Nile Flood” are held in Cairo in mid-August.
X*. Replace the wof-phrase” by the noun in the Possessive Case.
Translate your sentences into Russian orally.
1. We can bring danger into the life of this girl. 2. We saw the
article of Professor Challenger on the table. 3. We saw the mother of
Ann and Mary in the street. 4. At any moment the plan may be discovered
and their effort of four-and-a-half months may be wasted. 5. The new
south-western district of Moscow begins at the Lenin Hills. 6. Do you
know any compositions of Mozart?
XI*. Change the infinitives in brackets to one of the following tenses:
Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite, Present Perfect or Future Perfect (Active
or Passive) according to the sense.
1. The Aswan High Dam (to be) two years old on January 9, 1962.
2. One of the Soviet correspondents (to go) to see the head of the Soviet
agency to get some information about the project. 3. “In these two years,”
the head of the agency (to say), “Soviet and Egyptian specialists (to do)
a great deal of work.” 4. Many miles of modern highway and railways
(to build) on and around the site. Water and power supply lines (to lay)
on the site. 5. A workers’ settlement called Sad-Al-Ali (to build) on the
left bank of the Nile. 6. Soon another settlement (to complete) on the
other side of the river. 7. Sad-Al-Ali (to become) a school for training
specialists. 8. Many workers and technicians (to train) by Soviet specialists
working on the project. 9. Here in the Soviet Union a new method of
building the body of the dam (to design) and (to test). 10. A large size
model qf the dam (to make).
XII. Use a word or word combination from the text in place of the
words and expressions in bold type.
1. No one has ever doubted these words. 2. The narrow piece
rich soil. 3. This rich top layer of the ground stretches for many hundreds
86
of miles. 4. The Pharaohs 4,000 years ago tried to work on the problem
of the Nile. 5. They have made a plan to mobilize the forces of the
great river to work for both agriculture and industry. 6. The canal, when
finished, will be 4,000 feet long. 7. Every year the Nile leaves a thin layer
of African soil on Egyptian lands. 8. The thankful people of Egypt celebrate
the “Festival of the Nile Flood” at Cairo every year. 9. The governor
of Cairo throws into the river a document which says that “the Nile
has kept its word” once more. 10. It may mean death caused by lack
of food for some. 11. The piece of ground on which the power-station
will be built is 400 km from Cairo. 12. If the flow is too high, it may
mean that there will be a great quantity of water in the places that are
usually dry. 13. The High Dam will give the power to drive Egyptian
machinery.
XV. Translate into English using the indefinite pronoun “one” as subject.
1. На строительстве Асуанской высотной плотины можно было
найти много советских специалистов. 2. Там можно было найти много
бульдозеров и экскаваторов из Советского Союза. 3. В Садд-аль-Али
можно было увидеть много домов, построенных для советских техни
ков и рабочих. 4. В книге, написанной Геродотом, можно прочитать
много интересного о пирамидах Египта.
EXERCISE 1*
b) сложные прилагательные:
Ф 'fence-'enclosed, 'tree-lopped, 'hard-'working, 'old-'fashioned, 'well-'tailored, 'blue-'eyed.
89
c) слова с некоторыми приставками: с приставкой re- [ri;] в смысле
повторения действия:
ф 're'write ['rii'rait], rename ['rir'neim], retell ['ri.'telj.
EXERCISE 2*
a) Copy the sentences and indicate the sentence stress.
b) Indicate the tune. Read the sentences aloud.
• I have lived in Moscow for two years.
• Father had had dinner before we came.
• Have you already read this article?-Y es, I have.
• M other hasn’t come yet.
90
§ 34. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ФОРМЫ PAST PERFECT
Глагол в Past Perfect показывает, что данное действие или событие
предшествовало какому-то другому действию или событию в прошлом,
т. е. устанавливает последовательность совершения действия на основе
сопоставления двух или нескольких событий или действий, проис
шедших в прошлом.
Mother told her children how she had Мать рассказала детям о том, как она
studied at school in her childhood. училась в школе в детстве.
91
Глагол в Past Perfect Tense в отрицательной форме показывает,
что действие еще не совершилось* до другого действия в прошлом
(отрицательный результат).
Во всех этих примерах глагол, выражающий предшествующее
действие или событие, ставится в форме Past Perfect, а глагол, выра
жающий последующее действие, —в Past Indefinite.
3) Форма Past Perfect, так же как и Present Perfect, употребляетс
с наречиями неопределенного времени: already, often, always, never,
just, etc.
Taggart knew that the clown had never Таггарт знал, что Клоун никогда не на-
written a line in his life. писал ни одной строчки в своей жизни.
(Из текста урока 5.)
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1
Поставьте глаголы, указанные в скобках в инфинитиве, в Past Perfect
(Active Voice). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Yesterday I received a letter from Ann. She wrote that she (to enter)
the Kiev University. Ann (to plan) to spend her vacation in Moscow.
She (to be) very busy all last summer. She (to attend) special courses
before she took the entrance examinations.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2
Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в инфинитиве, в Past Perfect
(Passive Voice). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The plan of the fish canning factory in Murmansk (to fulfil) b
the 25th of August. 2. The report (to finish) just by the chairman of the
meeting when the representative of the Ministry entered the hall.
3. A statement (to publish) describing the work and living conditions of
the Murmansk workers and sailors by that time.
92
§ 35. АРТИКЛЬ ПРИ ОПИСАТЕЛЬНОМ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ
2. Существительным с предлогом.
Conan Doyle was a writer of detective Конан Дойль был автором детектив-
stories. ных рассказов.
Не found himself in a quiet corner of Он очутился в гихом углу маленького
the little park inMadison Square. парка на Мэдисон-сквер.
93
4. Определительным придаточным предложением.
London is a city which was never planned. Лондон — город, который никогда* не
строился по плану.
The boy solved a problem that was not in the Мальчик решил задачу, которой не
text-book. было в учебнике.
Holland is a country where a large part of Г олландия — страна, где большая
the land area is lower than the level of the sea. часть территории расположена ниже уровня
моря.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3
Например:
The doc has just arrived. Доктор только что прибыл.
The children went to the Zoo. Дети поехали в зоологический сад.
Yesterday I saw an ad in the newspaper Вчера я видел в газете объявление о
about a new English grammar. новой грамматике английского языка.
Не gets nothing for it but the ad. Он ничего не получает за это, кроме
рекламы. (Из текста урока 5.)
96
В отрицательных предложениях отрицание not ставится перед got.
В таких случаях обычно употребляется сокращенная, разговорная форма
haven’t, hasn’t.
No, I haven’t got anyone to help me.
No, he hasn’t got any more money.
She’s got to take her state examination. Она должна держать государственный
экзамен.
I have got to do it. Я должен сделать это.
She has got to come here. Она должна прийти сюда.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4
Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1. I have got some more English books at home. 2. Have you go
anything else to say? 3. I haven’t got to listen to him. 4. She has got
to go to the doctor tomorrow. 5. What have you got in that package?
6. We haven’t got to be there early tomorrow.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 5
TEXT
• CONSCIENCE
• Taggart sat up. His sleeping place was under the trees, and th
birds of Hyde Park were already singing. His watch had gone the way
of his other things during the iast three jjionths. He did not know the
time but it was probably a little after dawn. He was not grateful to the
birds; he would be hungry long before breakfast time. And where is he
to get his breakfast? But he listened to the birds with interest.
This was the first night he had passed in the open and, like all
beginners, he felt proud that he had achieved vagrancy in spite of the
law. Taggart lit his pipe and almost at once he began to think of the
daily problem of how to get a job and of why he had lost the one he
had.
Walking, three months ago, into the room of his chief at the office
of “The Conglomerated Journals Ltd.”,1 he had been greeted with;
“Good morning, Taggart. Georgie Grebe will give us an article for
the “Lighthouse”^ He won’t have time to write it, of course, 1 want you
just to write a column which he could sign- something “Grebeish” з
Taggart smiled. George Grebe!
“Has he ever written a line in his life, sir?”
“I don’t suppose so -b u t you know the sort of thing he WOULD
write;* he gets nothing for it but the Ad. He hasn’t got a minute; but
he’ll sign anything well done. Begin the Grebe article at once, will you?”
Taggart nodded, and drawing from his pocket some typewritten sheets
of paper, laid them on the table.
“Here is your signed leader,* sir; I’ve toned it ups too much perhaps.”
“I haven’t time to look at it; I’ve got to catch the train, Taggart.”
“Shall I tone it downs a little?”
“Yes, use your judgement. Sit here, and do it right now. Good-bye;
I’ll be back on Friday.”
The chief hurried away.
Taggart sat down to pencil7 the signed leader. •
“Good leader,” he thought, “it’s a pity nobody knows that I write
them.”
100
“George Grebe! What the deuces shall I write about?” There was
something beautifully simple about writing an article for a man who had
never written a line. “And just think that the public wants these articles
to read the thoughts of their idol, George Grebe.” Taggart smiled, then
felt a little nervous. George G rebe-fam ous clown probably he hadn’t any
thoughts? Of course George Grebe had thoughts! By writing his name he
became the author, didn’t he? Bosh э everybody did it!
Fraudulent! You may as well say that those signed leaders written for
the chief are fraudulent! The Public pays for the thoughts of the chief, and
they are the thoughts of the chief, since he signs them. And, yet, will the
Public pay if those leaders are signed “A. P. Taggart”? The thoughts will be
the sam e-very good thoughts. They ought to p ay -b u t-w ill they?
This Grebe article is a fraud. He lit his pipe again.
• On Friday the chief sent for Taggart.
“Good morning, Taggart. I’ve just come back. Look here, this leader
for tom orrow ,-it’s nothing but a string of statements. Where is MY style?”
“Well, sir, I thought, perhaps you’d like to put that in yourself, for a
change. The facts I’m sure are all right.”
The chief stared.
“My good fellow, do you suppose I’ve got time for that? Anybody could
have written this.* I can’t sign it as it stands. Tone it up.”
“I don’t know that I can I’m...” Taggart stopped.
The chief said kindly:
“Are you ill?”
“No.”
“Well, get on with it,10 then. How has the Grebe article turned out?”
“It hasn’t.”
“What do you mean?”
“The fact is, I can’t write it. I don’t want to write anyone else’s things
in the future.”
The chiefs face grew very red.
“I pay you to do certain work. If you don’t care to carry out my
instructions, we can do without you. What is the matter with you, Taggart?”
Taggart replied with a bitter smile:
“I’m suffering from a fit of conscience, sir. Isn’t it a matter of commercial
honesty?”11
The chief sat back in his chair and stared at him for quite twenty seconds.
“Well, ... I have never been so insulted! Good morning!** You are
at liberty.” -
Taggart laid down the sheets of paper, walked to the door and turned.
“Awfully sorry, sir; can’t help it.”
The chief nodded and Taggart went out.
For three months he had enjoyed liberty. For two months he had
carried on pretty well, but the last few weeks things grew bad indeed. -
101
Yet, the more he thought, the more he felt that he had been right. He never
called himself a fool for his pains,12 though week by week he felt more certain
that his protest had been in vain. •
From “Conscience ” by John Galsworthy
(abridged)
Notes
Proverbs
1. Where did Taggart spend his first night in the open? 2. Why did
Taggart wake up early in the morning? 3. How did he tell the time? 4. Why
couldn’t he use his watch? 5. What did he do after the birds had woken
him up? 6. Why did he think of the daily problem of how to get a job?
7. Why didn’t Taggart want to write an article for the famous clown? 8. What
did Taggart write for his chief? 9. Why had the chief not written the article
himself? 10. Why didn’t the chief like the article that Taggart had written for
him? 11. Why did the chiefs face grow red? 12. Why did the chief tell
Taggart that they could do without him?
ASSIGNMENTS (LESSON 5)
Do the following exercises and then check yourself using the keys on
pages 192—194.
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
I. His watch had gone the way of his other things. 2. He was not
grateful to the birds. 3. This was the first night he had passed in the open.
4. Taggart lit his pipe and almost at once he began to think. 5. He had been
greeted with the words, “How do you do?” 6. By writing his name he became
the author, didn’t he? 7. For two months he had carried on pretty well.
8. He felt that his protest had been in vain.
II. Translate into Russian the text of the lesson beginning with the words:
“Good morning, Taggart ...” and ending with the words: “...some typewritten
sheets of paper, laid them on the table.”
III*. Fill in the blanks with the definite or indefinite article where
required (see § 35, 36).
a) 1. This is ... door through which we entered. 2. She has walked to ..
town many times. 3. They made him ... gift on his birthday. 4. That is ...
103
reason why I could not come. 5. This is ... month when everybody goes to
... country. 6. It was ... place where. ... strangers^ could lose their way.
7. She wrote to ... author of ... poem, whom she had never seen. 8. She said
th a t... beautiful flowers grew there. 9. Do you really need ... money? 10.... man
standing by ... fence is our new specialist. 11. He is ... young man who just
came from ... college.
b) 1. John Galsworthy, ... author of “Conscience”, was born in ... yea
1867. 2. He came from ... middle-class family; which he later described in
“... Forsyte Saga”. 3. He graduated fronl ... Oxford University. 4. Galsworthy
wrote ... novels, ... plays, and ... short stories. 5. His works give ... very
complete picture of ... English bourgeois society in ... twentieth century.
6. Galsworthy belonged to ... class he described, but still, he clearly saw ...
decline (упадок) of his class and showed it in ... books which he wrote.
7. Some of ... Galsworthy’s novels have been published many times in ...
Soviet Union. 8. Galsworthy read ... many books by ... Russian writers
in ... English translations. 9. He placed ... Russian realists first among ...
great authors o f ... time.
IV. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs where required.
1. Taggart was le ft... a job. 2. A few weeks ... the chief s e n t... him. 3. When
Taggart entered ... his room the chief told him he did not like the article he had
written ... George Grebe. 4. The chief asked him to tone it ... a little.
5. Taggart sat ..., lit his pipe, took a sheet ... paper and began to write.
6. Half an hour later he laid ... his pen and took his pipe ... of his
mouth, he could not even write one column ... their idol. 7. He took his hat
and went ... . 8. ... Friday the chief sent ... him. 9. He told Taggart that the
article was just a string ... statements. 10 Taggart shifted ... foot ... foot and
said, “Perhaps you would like to tone i t ... yourself,... a change, sir?” 11. The chief
asked Taggart, “What is the matter ... you?” 12. Taggart answered ... a bitter
smile that he was suffering ... a fit of conscience.
V4. Insert Past Indefinite or Past Perfect instead of the infinitive in
brackets (Active or Passive Voice).
1. Taggart (to begin) to write the article after the chief (to go)
the country. 2. Taggart (to do) nothing before the chief (to come) back to
London. 3. The chief (never + to insult) by any clerk before he (to send) for
Taggart. 4. After the latter (to hear) the news he (to leave) the office.
5. His job (to give) to another man by the time he (to achieve) vagrancy.
6. Taggart (to spend) the nights in Hyde Park which he (often + to visit)
as a boy.
VI*. Make 4 questions to which the following could be an answer.
The chief has already sent his secretary for Taggart.
VII*. Insert Past Indefinite, Present Perfect and Past Perfect of the verbs
in brackets (Active or Passive Voice) according to the sense.
1. My friend once (to ask) me. 2. “-you (ever + to read) any of Joh
Galsworthy’s novels?” 3. “Yes, I (to have), I (to read) many of his novels.”
104
4. “...his books (to translate) into Russian?” 5. “Oh, yes, they (to have).
Many of them (to publish) last year in the Russian language.” 6. John
Galsworthy’s novels (always, to be) very popular in the USSR.
VIII. The following statements are not true to fact, correct them according
to the text of the lesson.
1. The chief did not look at Taggart. 2. I’m enjoying a fit of conscience, sir.
3. 1 have never been treated with such honour. 4. He never called himself
a clever man.
IX*. Use a word or word combination from the text in place of the words
and expressions in bold type.
1. He had sold his watch together with his other things. 2. It was soon
after the sun rose. 3. He was not thankful to the birds. 4. He had spent the
first night outdoors. 5. He began to think of the daily task of how to get
work. 6. Taggart had been met with the words: “Good morning.” 7. I don’t
think so but you know the kind of things he wants. 8. He’ll write his name
under anything well done. 9. Start work on the Grebe article immediately.
10. I must take the train by 10 o’clock. 11. The chief looked at him steadily
with wide-open eyes. 12. The chief said friendly: “What is the matter with you?”
13. “Are you in bad health?” 14. “What is wrong with you, Taggart?” 1$. “If you
don’t want to do what you are told, we do not need you.” 16. Taggart bent
his head as a sign of agreement and left. 17. For three months he had been free.
18. For two months he had got on pretty well. 19. Week by week he felt
more sure that his protest had been useless.
X*. Insert Present Perfect or Future Indefinite instead of the infinitive
in brackets.
1. His friends (to come) to see him in case they (to receive) his letter.
2. Taggart (to begin) to write the article as soon as the chief (to leave)
for the country. 3. Taggart (to speak) to his friend about the Grebe article after
the chief (to arrive) in London. 4. Taggart (to be able) to pay for his flat
after he (to receive) his money. 5. She (not to be able) to continue her
journey as she (to lose) her ticket.
XI*. Insert Present Indefinite or Present Perfect instead of the infinitive
in brackets.
1. It (to be) cold today, the weather (to change) since yesterday 2. It
(not + to be) wise to drink this water, as it (not f to boil). 3. These (to be)
the best sweets I (ever+ to eat). 4. My sister (not + to eat) any meat since
the beginning of the year. 5. I cannot tell you anything about this book as
I (not+ to read) it. 6. 1 (not + to be) to the University for the last two weeks.
7. I (to be) ill since March.
EXERCISE /**
Transcribe and intone the following sentences.
• You have been spoilt by the school education which you have got.
• I called at his small house where he lived with his mother.
* На пластинке § 44.
** На пластинке упражнение 21.
107
2. придаточное сказуемое (the Predicative Clause);
3. придаточное дополнительное (the Object Clause);
4. придаточное определительное (the Attributive Clause);
5. придаточное обстоятельственное (the Adverbial Clause).
Таким образом, придаточные предложения классифицируются по
членам простого предложения, отвечают обычно на те же вопросы,
на какие отвечают члены простого предложения.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1
Ill
§ 45. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ АРТИКЛЯ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМ
TOWN
112
“Henry,” she asked, “can we have mineral «Генри, — спросила она, — можем мы
water at dinner?” себе позволить минеральную воду за обе
дом?» (т.е. во время еды).
Fred was taken to hospital with severe Фред был доставлен в больницу с силь
bums. ными ожогами (т. е. был доставлен для ле
чения).
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3
Переведите на английский язык данные в скобках слова.
Используйте слова и выражения к тексту урока.
1. The children went to the circus and (восхищались) the jokes an
tricks of the famous clown. 2. The little boy (было стыдно) that he
had broken his father’s (инструменты). 3. The girl (была в отчаянии)
that she was late for the train. 4. This is (как раз) what I meant.
5. Yesterday John met a pretty little girl dressed in (лохмотья), playing
in a narrow (переулке) with some other ragged children. 6. My little son
can (ездить) a bicycle. 7. Vera is a doctor. Every morning she (делает обход)
of the sick in her district. 8. It is very convenient to wear (шорты)
in hot weather. 9. The tourists bought picture postcards showing the
(великолепные) historic monuments of Leningrad. 10. There were (голые
дети) lying in the sand on the bank of the river. 11. Last year my brother
graduated from the law department of Moscow University. He is а (адвокат)
now. 12. A spoiled boy (прервал) the conversation of his parents. 13. The old
woman (боялась) to cross the wide boulevard with hundreds of cars
(мчащихся) along. 14. Bob always felt (выше) to his little sister, because
he could ride a bicycle while she couldn’t. 15. Bob seemed (образцом
совершенства) to the girl. She (завидовала) his skill. 16. Andrew is a well
(образованный) lawyer. 17. She (охотно) helped her sister.
TEXT
Among the makers of modern India, Chandu, the barber boy of our
village, undoubtedly played a very important part.
1 knew Chandu ever since the days when he wore a piece of ra
in the middle of his naked body and when we played together in the
dirty village lanes. Chandu was about six months older than I, and he
always led in all matters and little games. And f willingly followed.
And when we grew up, he still seemed to me a model of perfection.
lie was not so good at arithmetic at school as I was, perhaps
because his lather apprenticed him early to the profession of the barber’s
caste1 and sent him out hair-cutting in the village, and he had no
time for the home tasks which our school master gave us.
My mother did not want me to play with Chandu. She said that
he was a low-caste barber’s son and that 1 ought to stay in my caste
and class. But I certainly didn’t feel superior to him. indeed, I was
always ashamed of the red caste mark which my mother put on my
forehead every morning, and of the cotton trousers, nice shoes and the
silk turban2 in which 1 dressed. And I enviecf '£ handu his pair of khaki
shorts which the retired officer3 had given him, a black waistcoat, with
buttons, and a round felt cap, which once belonged to the lawyer of our
village, and the small bag of tools which he carried with him on his
rounds. 1 envied Chandu the freedom of movement he enjoyed after his
father died of plague. He did the round of shaving and hair-cutting at the
houses of the high-caste people and the elders of the village in the morning,
bathed and dressed, and then rode to town, six miles away, at the back of
the carriage in which Lalla Hukam Chand, the lawyer of our village,
travelled to town.
But Chandu was kind to me. He knew that I was seldom taken
to town, and that J had to walk three miles to a secondary school,
while he had been completely free from classes as he had left school
after his father’s death. So he always brought me some gift or other from
the town- а paint brush, or white chalk, or a penknife.
# Chandu liked very much to describe the wonderful European styles
in clothes which he saw the Sahibs,* the lawyers, the officials and the
policemen wear at the District Court, where he had to wait for the journey
home at the back of Lalla Hukam Chand’s carriage. And once or twice he
told me a secret wish he had to buy himself clothes like those of Kalan Khan,
116
the doctor. He described to me the appearance of Kalan Khan, a young
man with hair parted on one side, and dressed in a starched shirt4 and
collar, and a bow tie, a black coat and striped trousers5 and a wonderful
raincoat and leather shoes. He said that the doctor always carried a beautiful
leather hand-bag in which he kept his shining instruments.
Then he asked my advice. He said: “I am a barber educated only
to the fifth class, I think I’ll look more important if I, too, wear a dress in
the style of Dr. Kalan Khan.” I agreed with his project and encouraged
him with the enthusiasm, which I felt for everything that my hero thought
or did.
And this is exactly what he decided to do.
One day I was excited to find Chandu at the door of my house in the
morning. He was dressed up in a white turban, a white raincoat (a little too big
for him, but yet very splendid), a pair of leather shoes and he had a leather
bag in his hand. He was ready to begin his round and had come to show me
how splendid he looked.
“Wonderful!” I said. “Wonderful!”
And he rushed off towards the house of the landlord, whom he shaved
every morning, myself following behind.
“Oh! Oh!” exclaimed Bijay Chand, the landlord. “The son of a pig!
A leather bag of cow-hide6 has been brought into our house, and besides,
a coat of the skin of some other animal, and those leather black shoes.
Get out! You son of a devil! I suppose you have no fear of anyone now
that7 your father is dead!”
“But I am wearing the clothes of a doctor, Sahib,” interrupted Chandu.
“Go away, you swine,”8 shouted the landlord angrily, “go away and
wear the~> clothes of your low caste, and don’t let me see you bring
any of your new ideas here.”
Chandu returned. His face grew red. He did not look at me because he
was so insulted before me whose hero he knew he was. And he rushed towards
the shop of the Sahukar9 of the village who kept a grocery store at the corner
of the lane.
Following him I got to the lane and saw the Sahukar standing and
shouting at Chandu:
“You little swine, why do you dress yourself as a clown, and wear the
clothes of the hospital people? Go, and come back in your own clothes!
Then I shall let you cut my hair!”
Chandu was in despair , and ran in a wild rage past me. I was in
despair too. I knew he hated me just because I belonged to a superior
caste, while I admired him more than ever.
“Go to Pandit Paramanand!” I shouted after him, “and he will help you.”
“Ho, so you are in league with him,” said Pandit Paramanand, coming
from the landlord’s home. “You boys have been spoilt by the school
education which you have got. It may be all right for you because you intend
to be an educated man, but what right has that low-caste boy to wear such
clothes? He has got to touch our beards, our heads and our hands. You
are a high-caste boy. And he is a low-caste devil!”
Chandu had heard this. He did not look back and rushed away.
117
My m other called me in and said it was time to eat and go to school.
She Spoke to me again angrily about my friendship with the barber boy.
But on my way back from school I called at the small house where he
lived with his mother. Chandu was not there.
“Where is Chandu, Mother?” I said.
“I don’t know, son. He got ready and went up to town. He said
he had earned some money shaving people on the road. You want to see him.
Very well, I will tell him when he comes. He has just gone up the road, I think!”
“All right, M other,” I said and went home. •
From “The Barber's Trade Union”
by Mulk Raj Anand
Notes
Proverbs
I
“Are you the man who cut my hair the last time?”
“I don’t think so. I’ve only been here for six months.”
II
“Do you want your beard trimmed?”
“No J u s t cut a hole in it.”
“I get it. For ventilation.”
“No, my wife wants to see the tie she gave me for New Year.”
ASSIGNMENTS (LESSON 6)
Do the following exercises and then check yourself using the keys on
pages 194—197.
I. Translate the following word combinations into Russian.
1. undoubtedly played a very important part; 2. the dirty village lanes;
3. he always led in all matters; 4. a model of perfection; 5. I certainly
119
did not feel superior to him. 6. I envied Chandu the freedom of movement.
7. He was ready to begin his round. 8. I suppose you have no fear of
anyone now that your father is dead. 9. Chandu was in despair and ran
in a wild rage past me. 10. he had just gone up the road; 11. the elders
of the village; 12. you are in league with him; 13. You boys have been
spoiled by the school education. 14. this is exactly what he said.
II. Translate into Russian the text of the lesson beginning with the
words: “Chandu liked very much...” and ending with the words: “...that my
hero thought or did.”
III. Fill in the blanks with the definite or indefinite article where
required.
1. ... barber boy of ... village where we lived was my best friend.
2. Hewas ... very clever boy, and he had no ... fear in his heart. 3. He
was educated only to ... fifth class. 4. After his father died of ... plague,
Chandu had to leave ... school and begin to work as .:. barber of ... village.
5. 1..’ lawyer of ... village was kind to ... poor boy who wore ... piece
of ... rag in ... middle of his naked body. 6. He gave ... boy ... splendid
waistcoat with ... buttons and ... old felt cap. 7. ... retired officer who
lived in ... centre of ... village gave him ... pair of khaki shorts. 8. Chandu
looked splendid in his European clothes, with ... black leather hand-bag
in his hand. 9. B u t... elders did not l e t ... boy enter their homes.
VII*. Use a word combination from the text in place of the words and
expression in bold type.
1. He wore a small piece of cloth in the middle of his body which
had no clothes on. 2. We played together on the dirty narrow roads.
3. I gladly followed. 4. He had no time forthe home assignments which
our teacher gave us. 5. But I certainly didn’t feel higher in position.
6. I always felt unhappy about the red caste mark. 7. I envied Chandu
his pair of khaki trousers cut short above the knee. 8. A round felt cap
which had once been the property of the lawyer of our village. 9. He
went from place to place. 10. He always brought me some presents.
11. 1 agreed with his plan. 12. He had come to show me how magnificent
he looked. 13. And I ran rapidly towards the house of the landlord.
14. I think you are not afraid of anyone. 15. “Go away, you swine,”
cried out the landlord angrily. 16. He did not lo o t at me because his
feelings were hurt so much. 17. I looked with pleasure at him more than
ever. 18. Chandu lost all hope and ran in great anger past me.
VIII. Translate the words and phrases g«ven in brackets and fill in th
blanks.
1. Chandu ... a superior caste and he ... his khaki shorts (не принад
лежал к, не стыдился). 2. Не had no time for his home tasks because ...
every morning (он делал обход). 3. I ... Chandu his freedom of movement
(завидовал). 4. Chandu ... the European styles in clothes (восхищался).
5. He was not proud of ... (своими лохмотьями), which he wore in the
middle of ... (своего голого тела). 6. But to me Chandu always seemed
... (образцом совершенства). 7. Every day Chandu ... at the back of the
carriage which ... (ездил в город; принадлежавший адвокату нашей
деревни). 8. Once Chandu came dressed up in a ... raincoat and a pair
of leather shoes (роскошный). 9. He began ... and went to the house of
Bijay Chand (свой обход). 10. But the landlord’s ... was so great that
he did not let Chandu into the house (страх). 11. Chandu ... towards the
house of his mother (бросился). 12. I ... followed him and ran to the
dirty ... where he lived (охотно, деревенскую улицу). 13. But when I
got there, 1 learnt ... that he had. already left the house (в отчаянии).
121
IX*. Translate the following into Russian noting:
a) The prepositional noun attributes
1. The long white cotton trousers; 2. He was a low-caste barber’s son;
3. his light khaki shorts; 4. the high-caste people; 5. His father taught
him early the profession of the barber’s caste.
ADDITIONAL TEXT
Notes
1. rupee ['ru:pi] л —рудия (денежная единица в Индии)
2. orthodox [^G adoks] —ортодоксальный, правоверный (строго при
держивающийся определенного учения или убеждения)
3. I lost my grip—я выпустил из рук (не смог удержать)
124
4. the white scum [зклт] —дословно: белая пела; зд. белая щетина
(о жестких волосах давно небритого лица)
5. walrus moustache ['w;>.iros mas'la:{j —моржовые усы
6. as long as he kept himself in trim —пока он следил за собой
7. Chandu’s mother had for the first time in her life touched the edge
of prosperity. —Впервые в жизни мать Чанду поняла, что такое быть
зажиточной.
8. anna ['жпо] —анна (никелевая монета, равная --р уп и и )
9. pice [pais] —пайс (мелкая медная монета, равная —анны)
I. Translate into Russian the text of Lesson 5 beginning with the words:
“The fact is, I can't write it...” and ending with the words: “You are at liberty.”
IV. Fill in the blanks with the definite or indefinite article where
required. Underline the inserted articles and put the mark X where no article
is necessary.
Bijay Chand, ... landlord, lived in ... very nice house, while Chandu
and his mother lived in ... small dirty house.fe. rich customers of ... barber
boy did not want to see him dressed in ... nice clothes. They said that he was
only ... low-caste boy. Chandu usually went to U houses of;., rich people of...
Village. They paid Chandu very little money for work which he did for them.
When the Sahukar of ... village drove Chandu out of ... shop, Chandu was
in ... despair. The other boy admired ... clothes which Chandu had bought
when he went to ... town.
125
V. Change the infinitives in brackets to one of the following tenses:
Present Perfect, Future Perfect, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite (Active or
Passive) according to the sense.
Great changes (to take) place in Moscow lately. Many of the old
streets (to widen) and many new avenues and boulevards (to lay).
Among the public buildings that (to build) in 1961 is the magnificent
building of the Kremlin Palace of Congresses. A lot (to do) already but
after the plans for further development (to carry out) Moscow (to become) even
more beautiful. The construction of many new buildings (to complete)
by the end of next year.
VII. Translate the following into Russian noting the prepositional attributes.
1. M other took her little one-year-old daughter to the doctor. 2. He spoke
in a characteristic lawyer’s manner. 3. It was a small brown restaurant
table. 4. Moscow city traffic is very heavy. 5. Vera bought very nice spring
flowers yesterday.
IV. Fill in the blanks with the definite or indefinite article where
required. Underline the inserted articles and put the mark X where no article
is necessary.
Chandu rushed towards ... shop of the Sahukar. W hen he heard
... cruel words of rich man he was in ... wild rage. He was ... clever young
boy and he had no ... fear o f ... elders. He was proud o f ... leather bag and ...
black leather shoes which he had bought in ... town. Chandu rushed away
to ... small house where he lived. He had ... dinner and rushed off to ... town.
* race-course бега
127
VII. Translate the following sentences into Russian, noting the prepositional
attributes.
1. Mary received a five-page letter from her girl-friend two days ago.
2. All his tools were put on the dust-covered dirty floor behind the door.
3. He smiled a good-humoured smile.
» Table I # Table
[10] l*>i I0)ua| ('a M] lia -i:J [иэ—u:]
ear air pure lire near-knee sure—shoe
near care fury tire beard - bee tourist—tool
beard bear curious shire tear—tea poor—pooi
beer pair cure hire
• T a b l e III
[!э-ео] [0 )U 3 -£ 3 ]
serious—area furious—parent
superior—various curious—variant
inferior—stare during—librarian
EXERCISE 1
129
В русском языке правила согласования времен нет. Глагол прида
точного предложения может стоять в любом времени в зависимости
от контекста. Сравните:
The boy said that he did not understand Мальчик сказал, что он не понимает
that rule. этого правила.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1
130
chief whether the latter would like to do it himself. 3. George said
that he had taken all his examinations by the 22nd of June. 4. We were told
that there were millions of unemployed people in the United States.
5. We know that the Soviet school system trains specialists in all fields.
6. The author of the article wrote that foreign languages were taught at all
Soviet schools.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2
{ know that he studies English. I know that he studied English. I know that he will study
English. He has told me that, he studies English every day. He has told me that he has studied
English quite a few years. He has told nie that he studied English last year. He has told me
that he will study English next year. He will tell you that he studies English (has studied
English for years: he studied English last year; he will study English next year).
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3
Например:
. You and Behrman run the whole business. Вы с Берманом заправляете всей этой
лавочкой (делом).
This young engineer runs a big factory. Этот молодой инженер управляет боль
шим заводом.
He settled down in a provincial town and Он поселился в провинциальном горо
ran a small hotel for tourists. де и управлял небольш ой гостиницей для
туристов.
Например:
What does the thermometer read? Что показывает термометр?
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4
133
Сравните:
Не works hard. Он м н о г о (усиленно) работает'
Не hardly works. Он едва работает.
Yesterday we came home very late. Вчера мы пришли домой очень поздно.
I have not seen him lately. Я его не видел за последнее время.
1 hey live quite near. Они живут совсем близко.
It is nearly ten o’clock. Почти (около) десяти часов.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 5
1. Не came nearly every day. 2. It’s somewhere near here. 3. The rocke
flew high up into the sky. 4. Academician Vavilov was a highly educated
man. 5. They hardly knew what to do. 6. Better late than never. 7. I haven’t
read any interesting books lately. 8. The man pulled hard at my sleeve.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 6
136
very ['veri] а самый, тог самый (§ 52)
willing ['will!}] а готовый (сделать что-л., помочь)
syn. eager (ready) (to help or to do)
e. g. He is willing to pay the price of 150 dollars per acre.—Он
готов уплатить цену в 150 долларов за акр.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 7
• Consonant Combinations
TEXT
The novel “The Octopus” was written in 1901 by the American writer
Frank Norris. In this novel the author describes how a big railroad company
in the State of California, which owns a vast area of land near Bonneville,
drove thousands of farmers off the land on which they and their families
lived. The company threw the farmers out of their homes and fought
those who wanted to defend their rights.
The very name of thp novel shows the cruelty of American capital,
which, like an octopus, squeezes the poor farmers to death. Some fifty
years have passed but the position of the small farmer has hardly changed
at all.
In 1956 an American specialist on agriculture said that of the
4,800,000 farm families in the United States 60 per cent produced only
10 per cent of the nation’s food. He also stated that about half of these
small farmers had jobs in town and the other half was underemployed.
He said that their farms were too small and too poor to make a decent
living.
The newspaper *Pravdaw (June 12, 1962) reported that in the Unites
States 1,443,000 farms (which is nearly 30 per cent of the total number)
had disappeared during the period 1950 to 1959.
Below is an extract from “The Octopus” in which Annixter, one of
the farmers who had settled near Bonneville many years before, comes
to speak to Mr. Cyrus B. Ruggles, assitant to S. Behrman, the banker
o f Bonneville. S. Behrman is one of the local political bosses.*
* * *
• In the centre of the best business block of the street was a three
storey building of brown stone with shining windows and gold-lettered signs.
One of these signs read, “Pacific and South-Western Railroad Office”,2
and another, much smaller, had the inscription “P. and S. W. Land Office”.
138
Annixter tied his horse to a tree in front of this building, walked
up to the second floor, and entered an office where a couple of clerks
and book-keepers sat at work. One of them welcomed him and came
forward.
“Hello!” said Annixter. “Is your boss in? Is Ruggles in?”
The book-keeper led Annixter to the private office in the next room,
where a man sat writing at a desk. Over his desk was a vast map of the
lands that the railroad owned.
Ruggles welcomed Annixter with a smile.
“I want to speak to you about that land of m in e -I mean of yours-
of the railroad’s,”з Annixter began at once. “I want to know when I can
buy it.”
‘W ell, Mr. Annixter,” saidK Ruggles, leaning forward, “the land is
practically yours. You have an option on it indefinitely.”
“I don’t care for your option! I want to own this land. Why do you
people put off selling it?* We know that this thing has lasted for over
eight years. W hen we first came here, Mr. Behrman assured us that the
land would be sold to us within a few months.”
“I’m sure I couldn’t tell you, Mr. Annixtej*.”
“Oh, what’s the good of lying, Ruggles?”
Ruggles’ face grew red, but he checked his answer and laughed instead.
“Well, when are you going to sell to me?”
“I’m only the representative of the General Office, Mr. Annixter,”
answered Ruggles. ‘W henever the directors are ready to take that matter
I’ll be only too glad to do it for you.”
“Look here, you are not talking to oldBroderson. What’s all this
talk in the Mercury about the price of land this winter?”
“I don’t own4he Mercury,” he said.
‘W ell, your company does.”
“If it does, I don’t know anything about it.”
Annixter knew that it was a lie.
“Oh, rot.te You know well that you and Behrman run the whole
business down here. Come on, Ruggles. What does S. Behrman pay the editor
of the Mercury6 for that three-inch ad of P. and S. W. in his paper?
Ten thousand a year, hey?”
“Oh, why not a hundred thousand,” replied the other willing to take
it as a joke.
Annixter didn’t reply. He drew his cheque-book from his inside pocket.
He wrote out a cheque and laid it on the desk in front of Ruggles.
But Ruggles refused to take it, saying that he would not touch it, that
he had no right to sell the land to him yet.
“I don’t understand you people,” exclaimed Annixter. ‘W e offered to
buy the land four years ago and you sang the same song. Why, the very
house I live in now stands on railroad land. I don’t want you to drive
me off the land at any moment when you may wish to have the land
back. Do you people think you can hold that land until it goes up to
thirty dollars, and then sell it to someone else, sell it over our heads??
139
The company promised to sell it to us for two and a half dollars. Ask
your boss-ask Behrman, he knows.”
“But you’ve an option —
“I tell you. I don’t want your option. I want to own my land. And
it is the same with Magnus Derrick and old Broderson and Osterman;
and all the farmers of the country.”
“Well ,” said Ruggles,.“we’re not selling NOW.”
“Why not?”8
“Because we’re not ready. Here’s your cheque.”
“You won’t take it?”
“No.”
“I’ll make it cash payment.”
“No.”
“Third and last time.”
“No.”
“Oh, go to the devil!” said Annixter rising and putting the cheque
into his pocket. “But never you mind, Mr. Ruggles; you and S. Behrman
and the whole lot of you thieves, you’ll wake this state of California up
one of these days by going just one little bit too far.”
Annixter stormed out of the room slamming the door behind him,
leaving Ruggles trembling with anger. •
(to be continued)
From 'The Octopus”
by Frank Norris
Notes
Jokes
The INi vvspupir Business
ASSIGNMENTS (LESSON 7)
Do the following exercises and check yourself using the key on pages
197-199.
I*. Translate the following sentences and word combinations into Russian:
1. produced only ten per cent of the nation’s food; 2. like an octopu
squeezes the poor farmers to death; 3. W hat’s the good of lying? 4. Everybody
knows that he is the chief representative of the railroad company. 5. The
farmers are eager to buy the plots of land which they occupy. 6. The
banker is one of the local political bosses. 7. Look here. 8. Why, the
very house I live in now stands on railroad land.
1П Translate into Russian the text of the lesson beginning with the
words: “In the centre of the best business block...” and ending with the
words: “But he checked his answer and laughed instead.”
IIP. Open the brackets and put the verb in the required tense (Active
or Passive), observing the rules of the sequence of tenses:
a) 1. Last week Annie (to tell) us how she (to spend) her holiday
in the Crimea. 2. She (to say) that she (to bathe) in the sea twice a
day, and that the water in the sea (to be) very warm. 3. W hen Annie
(to arrive) in Moscow, she (to see) her parents at the station. 4. They
(to come) to the station to meet her. 5. They (to be) happy to see her.
b) 1. Everybody knew that S. Behrman (to be) the chief representative
o f the railroad in Bonneville. 2. People (to say) that Behrman (to run)
all the business of the company. 3. W hen Annixter (to come) to see
Ruggles, he (to notice) that the latter (to dress) as when Annixter (first +
-I-to meet) him. 4. Ruggles (to say) that he (not + to touch) the cheque,
that nobody (to give) him the right to sell the land yet. 5. Annixter
(to know) that Ruggles (to lie) but he (to check) his answer. 6. Annixter
(to reply) that he (not + to go) home until Ruggles took the money.
7. Ruggles (to repeat) that the Company (to decide) to put off this matter.
8. Annixter (to say) that the farmers (to offer) to buy the land five years
before. 9. They (to be) eager to own the land. 10. The farmers (not + to
own) the land, they (to be) afraid that the Company (to throw) them out
o f their homes some day. 11. Annixter (to say) that he (to see) Behrman
before he left Bonneville.
142
IV*. Translate the following sentences into English (see § 50).
1. Товарищ Попов руководит (управляет) большим колхозом в
Крыму. 2. Он очень хорошо управлял машиной. 3. Они увидели таб
личку, которая гласила: «Вход в музей». 4. Термометр показывает 5°С
ниже нуля.
VI4. Fill in the blanks with the definite or indefinite article where
required. Put the mark X where no article is required.
1. ... poor farmers of ... little town of Bonneville wanted to buy ...
land on which they lived. 2. They knew that ... railroad company would
throw them out of their homes some day. 3. S. Behrman was ... capitalist
and defended ... interests of his class. 4. Ruggles was one of ... as
to ... banker. 5. Frank Norris, ... author of “The Octopus” was born in ...
rich family. 6. He graduated from ... University of California. 7. He wrote
his novel in ... year 1901. 8. After ... few years Norris became ... journalist.
9. “The Octopus” is ... novel of ... social protest against ... monopoly
capital. 10. It describes ... cruelty of ... railroad company which drives ...
farmers to ... poverty and ... starvation.
VII*. Use a word or word combination from the text in place of the
words and expressions in bold type.
1. In thp novel “The Octopus” the author shows how a big railroad
company threw the farmers out of their homes. 2. The very name of the
novel shows the inhumanity of American capital. 3. The position of the
small farmers is almost the same. 4. He said that their farms were too
small and too poor to earn a living. 5. The farmers wanted to buy the
plots. 6. Before the farmers made their homes there the company had
promised that the price would be at about that rate. 7. Ruggles greeted
Annixter with a smile. 8- I am not eager to have your option. 9. Oh,
what’s the use of lying, Ruggles? 10. Ruggles’ face became red, but he
143
stopped talking and laughed instead. Ц. “The Mercury does not belong
to me,” he said. 12. Annixter knew that it was not the truth. 13. Annixter
kept silent. 14. Vou’ll wake this state of California up in the future by
going just one little bit too far.
VIII*. Put the adverbs in the brackets in their correct places in the
following sentences.
1. The position o f small farmers in America is so bad that they can ...
make a decent living. The farmers try ... to get jobs in town, (hard,
hardly) 2. Annixter saw his assistant ... in the night, as he had spent
much time in Bonneville. The life of the small farmers in the USA has
become worse .... (late, lately) 3. Annixter had made ... twenty miles
before he came home. The farmers thought that the whole business with
the railroad company had come ... its end. (near, nearly) 4. Last year
my friends spent their holidays ... in the mountains. They were ... satisfied
with their holidays, (high, highly)
IX. Translate the words and phrases given in brackets and fill in the
blanks.
1. The farmers Broderson and Derrick decided ... near Bonneville,
(поселиться) 2. The farmers had an option on their ... but they
(участки земли; очень хотелось стать их владельцами) 3. They wanted
... . (прилично зарабатывать на жизнь) 4. But the railroad company did
not want to sell the land yet, it ... selling it from year to year, (откла
дывала) 5. The ... book-keeper had to do some very important work,
(главный) 6. His ... wanted to help him but the book-keeper ... his help,
(помощник, не интересовался) 7. The price of the land which ... by this
American railroad company ... twenty-seven dollars per acre, (владела, под
нялась до) 8. Many of the farmers were poor, they had no money to pay
the ... and were afraid that they ... of their homes, (цену, будут выбро
шены) 9. ... that the railroad company could throw the farmers out of
their homes made Annixter ... with anger, (одна только мысль; дрожать)
FABLE
By JEsop
• 'One 'cold winter’s tday some 'ants were 'looking at their tstore
house, in 'which they 'kept the s grain I they had 'gathered in ’n summer.l
Just ^ then I a grasshopper came up to them.l He 'looked very
'lean and % hungry, I and he 'begged them to 'give him tsomething
to eat. I But they asked him why he had tno 'grain of his
^ own.
V ‘Why.” said they, I “did you 'not 'gather ^ grain I in the % summer?”!
^ “Oh, I had 'n o ^ time,” he replied; I “I was 'always % singing.”!
'Then they 'laughed and % said, I “'If you 'chose to 'sing all the
s summer, I you may 'go and 'dance all the л winter.”! •
WORDS
EXERCISE 1
6* 147
Например:
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ I
Например:
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
The farmer said, “I do this work every The farmer said that he did that work every
day.” day.
Derrick said to Annixter, “I am writing Derrick told Annixter that the was writing
a letter to the company.” a letter to the company.
Osterman said, “I have spoken to Ruggles Osterman said that he had spoken to Ruggles
about the price of the land.” about the price of the land.
The woman said, “I have been working The woman said that she had been working
on this farm since I960.” on that farm since I960.
Annixter said, “I went to Bonneville Annixter said that he had gone to Bonne
yesterday.” ville the day before.
Hooven said, “I was working in the Hooven said that he had been working in
afternoon.” the afternoon.
Annixter said, “The money will be paid Annixter said that the money would be
at once.” paid at once.
Osterman said to Ruggles, “The farmers Osterman told Ruggles that the farmers
will have paid the money by Saturday.” would have paid the money by Saturday.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Her eyes were wide open with wonder. 2. The boys were almo
dead with fear. 3. The little girl cried with shame. 4. The captain’s face
was red with rage.
150
WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4
Переведите на английский язык данные в скобках слова. Исполь
зуйте слова и выражения к тексту урока.
1. In all the big stores, prices (устанавливаются) beforehand. 2. Th
children (украсили) the room with flowers and green (ветками) on the
occasion of their mother’s birthday. 3. Father entered the room with a
blue (конвертом) in his hand. 4. Robert (передал) his mother a small
brown envelope with his wages. 5. A new expedition to the Antarctic
(была организована) by the Academy of Sciences two months ago. 6. The
fence was a good (защитой) from wolves. 7. His words were listened
to in complete (тиш ине)/ 8. Soviet people rapidly restored the towns and
villages that (были разрушены) during the war. 9. They walked fast to
the station and (запыхались). Ю. Mary did not enter the university that
summer and was (в подавленном настроении). Ц. She had a bad
headache that morning and couldn’t (выдержать) the noise and the (смех)
in the yard. 12. Her father was a good (музыкантом).
TEXT
Now the day has come when the fight of the farmers and the railroad
came to an end. Yes, the Railroad had won. The farms had been caught by
the tentacles of the octopus. The octopus had killed Osterman, had killed
Broderson, had killed Hooven. It had ruined and killed Annixter. Men were
shot; hearts were broken, old women died for lack of food. Misery and disgrace
became their lot.*
From “The Octopus”
by Frank Norris
Notes
Too Fast
155
practical. The secretary wrote: “You are welcome to use the schoolhouse for
debating all proper questions, but such things as railroads are a device*
of Satan to lead immortal souls down to hell.”
ASSIGNMENTS (LESSON 8)
Do the following exercises and then check yourself using the key on pages
199-201.
II. Translate into Russian the text of the lesson beginning with the
words: “More and more clearly the farmers understood ...” and ending with
the words: “And a league was organized.”
III*. Fill in the blanks with the definite or indefinite article where
required.
1. Frank Norris shows that it is very hard for ... small farmers in ... US
to make ... decent living. 2. ... railroad fixed ... higher price than it had
promised before. 3. Annixter received his letter from ... company at ... very
moment when he decided to put off alf thoughts of business out of his head.
156
4. He understood th a t... new price which was fixed by ... company was ... ruin.
5. Annixter and ... rest of ... farmers that were in ... store-house decided to
organize ... league. 6. They understood that they would have to fight for ...
land because ... very hpuses they lived in stood on railroad ground.
7. ... guest after ... guest joined ... league.
IV*. Change from direct speech into indirect speech.
1. Annixter said to Osterman, “I think the Railroad Company will
soon sell the land to us.” 2. When Annixter came home from Bonneville,
his farm-hand said: “A representative of the company has just arrived to see
you. He is in the store-house now.” 3. The representative said, “I want
to speak to you about your plot of land.” 4. Annixter answered, “I am
glad you have come to see me.” 5. The representative said to Annixter,
“The company has decided to sell the land to you at the price of 27 dollars
per acre.” 6. Annixter trembled with anger and said, “This is ruin.”
7. Then Annixter shouted, “I’ll fight for my home, I’ll not give in to the
company.”
V*. Change from indirect speech into direct speech.
1. Ruggles told Annixter that the company would not sell him the land.
2. The farmers said that they understood that they would have to fight against
the landowners. 3. The farmers shouted that they would not stand the cruelty
of the company. 4. They said that more and more clearly they understood
what had really happened to them. 5. Annixter said that he would come the
next day.
VIII. The following statements are not true to fact. Correct them accordin
to the text of the lesson.
1. Three women were inside decorating the walls with long strips o
cotton material and with green lanterns. 2. Two of the larger branches were
put on one side of the front door. 3. He came out again to see if anything was
out of order. 4. Everybody was in a bad mood. 5. The musician took from
157
Annixter a thick envelope of yellow paper. 6. Magnus looked at the letter, then
sat down and read. 7. All the farmers read their letters while there was a loud
noise in the store-house. 8. Voices trembled with joy. 9. In the courts that
did not belong to the’ company farmers could not win.
IX*. Use a word or word combination from the text in place of the words
and expressions in bold type.
1. A crowd of men, Annixter’s farm-workers, were working at the store
house. 2. At the far end of the place where goods were kept there was a small
platform for the musicians. 3. A little after half past seven the first guest
came to the new store-house. 4. Everybody was very gay. 5. Suddenly
Annixter felt someone touching the sleeve of his coat. 6. It was a boy who had
brought a letter from Bonneville. 7. He gave him a packet of yellow paper.
8. Magnus Derrick, who sat beside Annixter, opened his letter first.
9. Magnus looked at the letter, then got up and said: (10.) “The land is now
sold at the price to anyone.” 11. W e’re all here together enjoying the evening.
12. Gentlemen, we have lost everything. 13. In the courts that belong to the
company ... 14. Do you think I am going to stop fighting this? 15. Suddenly
Osterman rose to his feet. 16. And a league was founded.
XI. Fill in the blanks with suitable words or word combinations from
the list below. Make any necessary changes.
1. When the guests entered the ..., Annixter was there to welcome them.
2. This time we’ve got to ... . 3. I just went out to get a ... of air. 4. The note
was brought by ... . 5. The boy got a good mark at school and was in high ... .
6. Many factories and farms ... during World War II. 7. He was too w eak... a long
journey. 8. Smith worked so hard that he ... his health. 9. The ... of the land
at a higher price ruined the farmers completely. 10. The company ruined the
farmers under the ... of the law. 11. She strolled beside him in ... .
(breath, messenger, protection, sale, spirits, store-house,
to be ruined, to give in, to ruin, silence, to stand)
158
XII*. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Все гости были в наилучшем настроении и тряслись от смеха.
2. Когда посыльный принес письмо, все остановились от удивления.
3. Было жарко, и лица фермеров были красными от жары. 4. Фермеры
были разорены. Лица их побледнели от ярости.
— • - \
„ , I • •
“Come in at once, she said. -------------------- -------------------- 1
160
группа имеет ту же мелодию, как и неударные слоги предшествующей
группы. Например:
# “May I stay a little longer?” the boy asked, looking at his mother.
# “You look very tired,” said Nick, moved by her faint voice.
EXERCISE 7*
161
6. Указательные местоимения this, these и наречия времени и места,
указывающие на близость, заменяются соответственно на наречия и место
имения, обозначающие время и место, более отдаленные (см. § 55).
7. Глагол say, вводящий прямой вопрос, заменяется глаголом ask.
Например:
162
Nick said, “No, I shall have some meat.” Nick answered in the negative (refused to
take fish) and added that he would have some
meat.
Mary said to Alicc, “Have you brought my Mary asked Alice whether she had brought
notes?” her notes.
Alice said, “Yes.” Alice (the latter) answered in the affirm
ative.
He asked 4he boy, “Did you bring the en He asked the boy whether he had brought
velope?” the envelope.
The man asked Mary, “Did you assure The man asked Mary whether she had
Tom that I had not done it on purpose?” assured Tom that he had not done it on purpose
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2
Используйте примеры для тренировки и закрепления обращенид в
косвенную речь приказания или просьбы.
163
§ 64. ОТРИЦАНИЕ, ОТНОСЯЩЕЕСЯ К ОТДЕЛЬНОМУ ЧЛЕНУ
ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
I made him promise never to say a word to Я заставил его пообещать, что он
me about his fatness. никогда не скаж ет мне ни слова о своей
полноте.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3
\
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4
Proper Names
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 5
TEXT
• I MAKE THE ACQUAINTANCE OF PYECRAFT
He sits not a dozen yards away. Poor old Pyecraft! The fattest man in
London. He sits at one of the little tables at the club by the fire, eating.
What is he eating?—A piece of hot buttered teacake.
Well, here’s the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth!1
Pyecraft ... I made the acquaintance of Pyecraft in this very room.
I was a young, nervous new member of the club, a complete stranger, and
he saw it. I was sitting all alone, and |uddenly he came up to me, a great
fat man. He sat down on a chair c lo s e l y me and lit a cigar, and then
turned towards me and began to talk. He talked about various things and
then about my figure and complexion. I am thin and I suppose I am rather
dark. I am not ashamed of my Hindu great-grandmother, but I don’t want
strangers to tell me of it, and so I was against Pyecraft from the very beginning.
But he talked about me in order to get to himself.
“I expect,” he said, “you take no more exercise than I do, and probably
you eat no less.” (Like all fat people he thought he ate nothing.) “Yet”—and
he smiled—“we are different.”
And then he began to talk about his fatness and his fatness; all he did for his
fatness and all he was going to do for his fatness; what people had advised
him to do for his fatness and what he had heard people say about fatness
like his. He asked me what I had heard about prescriptions for fatness.
“I’d give anything to get thin,” he often said—“anything,” and stared at
me over his vast cheeks. I felt I could not stand it any longer.
Poor old Pyecraft! He has just called the waiter for another buttered
teacake!
A few days passed and I met Pyecraft at the club again.
“In the East, I’ve been t o l d ------ ” he said, then stopped and stared
at me.
I was quite suddenly angry with him and asked him who had told him
about my great-gfcmdmother’s prescriptions. He said it was from Pattison. He
asked me whether I could give him a prescription for fatness.
“My great-grandmother’s prescriptions,” I said, “are strange things.
My father himself used one—once.”
“Ah! ... But do you think------ ? Suppose------ suppose there is one
I need?”
“No, I can’t give you anything.”
He asked me why I didn’t want to help him.
But at last I gave in and that evening I took the strange old box
out of my safe, and turned the old papers over. I found the one that I needed
soon enough, and sat on the floor by my safe for some time looking at it.
167
• “Look here,” I said to Pyecraft next day, “So faras I know, this
is a prescription for loss of weight.” (“Ah!” said Pyecraft.) “And if you take
my advice, you’ll leave it alone.”
But Pyecraft asked me to let him try it. I made him promise never to say
a word to me about his fatness again whatever happened—never, and then I
handed him a little piece of yellow paper.
“It’s not tasty at all,” I said.
“No matter,” he said, and took it.
“But—but—” he said. He had just discovered that it wasn’tEnglish.
So I promised I would give him a translation.
I did my best. After that we didn’t speak for a fortnight. Whenever
he approached me I turned away. But at the end of the fortnight he was as
fat as ever.
“I must speak,” he said. “There’s something wrong. It’s done me no good.”
“W here is the prescription?”
He took it out of his pocket.
“Was the egg addled?”—I asked.
“No, was it supposed to be?”
“That,” I said, “goes without saying.”
For a month after that I saw Pyecraft regularly at the club and as fat as
ever.
And then suddenly I received a telegram from him.
“Mr. Formalyn!” said a messenger, and handed a telegram to me.
I opened it at once.
I got Pyecraft’s address at the club. Pyecraft lived in the upper half
of a house in Bloomsbury, and I went there as soon as I had drunk
my coffee.
“Mr. Pyecraft?” said I at the front door.
They said he was ill and he had not been out for two days. I said he
expected me and they sent me up.
The housekeeper with an anxious face came out. I gave my name
and she let me in.
“Well?” said I, as we stood together in the hall.
“He said you were to come,” she said, and then added, “He’s locked in, sir.”
“Locked in?”
“Locked himself yesterday morning and hasn’t let anyone in since,
sir. And SWEARING all the time. Oh, m y ! ” 3
I stared at his door. “In there?” I said.
“Yes, sir.”
“W hat’s the matter?”
She shook her head sadly. “He keeps on asking for food, sir. I get him
what I can. Pork, he’s had, sweet pudding, sausages, no bread. Everything
like that. He is eating, sir, something awful.”
There came a loud voice from inside the door:
“Is this Formalyn?”
168
“Is that you, Pyecraft?” I shouted and knocked at the door.
“Tell her to go away.”
I did. Then I could hear strange sounds, almost like someone
moving in the dark.
“It’s all right,” I said, “she’s gone.”
But for a long time the door didn’t open. At last he unlocked the door.
Then Pyecraft’s voice said, “Come in.”
I opened the door. Naturally I expected to see Pyecraft. Well, you know,
he wasn’t there! •
(to be continued)
From “The Truth about Pyecraft”
by H. G. Wells
Notes
1. Here’s the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.—Кля
нусь говорить правду, всю правду и ничего, кроме правды. (Это офи
циальная формула присяги, принятая в суде Великобритании и Соеди
ненных Штатов Америки. Она произносится свидетелем, истцом или
ответчиком перед тем, как дать свои показания. В данном тексте это
выражение употребляется в ироническом смысле, чтобы подчеркнуть
комичность описываемых автором событий.)
2. For heaven’s sake! —Ради бога! (воскл.)
3. Oh, my! —восклицание, выражающее удивление
Jokes
Too Fat
A.: I saw you making the acquaintance of that big fat man.
What’s his name?
B.: I don’t know—1 couldn’t get near enough to hear.
A Lost Balloon
Boy: Can you see anything in the sky through this telescope?
Ma n : Yes, my boy.
Boy: Then where’s the balloon I lost this morning?
An Iron Constitution
169
ORAL EXERCISES ON THE TEXT OF LESSON 9
ASSIGNMENTS (LESSON 9)
Do the following exercises and then check yourself using the key on
pages 202-204.
I. Translate the following word combinations and sentences into Russian:
I. what people advised bim to do for his fatness; 2. I’d give anything to get
thin. 3. Suppose there is one I need. 4. But at last I gave in. 5. Look here,
so far as I know that is a prescription for loss of weight. 6 .1 made him promise
never to say a word to me about his fatness again, whatever happened.
7. But at the end of the fortnight he was as fat as ever. 8. I gave my name
and she let me in. 9. He’s locked in, sir. 10. He keeps on asking for food.
11. almost like someone moving in the dark; 12. But the door didn’t
open; 13. that goes without saying.
II. Translate into Russian the text of the lesson beginning with the words:
“Pyecraft—I made the acquaintance of ...” and ending with the words:
“We are different.”
III. Study the following constructions.
1. Victor and A nn got acquainted at the club last spring. 2. Victor g
acquainted with Ann at the club last spring. 3. Victor made the acquaintance
170
of Ann (of her) at the club last spring. 4. Victor made A nn’s (her) acquaintance
at the club last spring.
a) Change the following sentences so as to use construction (2).
1. Victor and Boris got acquainted after they had entered the University.
2. Where did you and that m'an get acquainted? 3. I don’t remember
exactly when my sister and Alexander (he) got acquainted. 4. How did Nick and
Vera (she) get acquainted in the Caucasus? 5. I remember well where she
and they got acquainted.
b) Change the following sentences so as to use construction (4).
1. When did Helen make the acquaintance of Victor? 2. I made the
acquaintance of him a short time ago. 3. How can I make the acquaintance of
Jenny (of her)? 4. Andrew did not make the acquaintance of John (of him)
last week.
IV. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs where required.
1. I came ... the club ... the afternoon. 2. Pyecraft saw ... once that
I was a complete stranger ... the club. 3. He came ....... me and invited me
to have tea ... him. 4. Thus we made the acquaintance ... each other.
5. Pyecraft talked ... his fatness, and what people had advised ... him to do ...
his fatness. 6. I was rather thin and could not stand fat people ... Pyecraft.
7. But he asked me again and again to help ... him to get thin. 8. Finally I gave ...
and promised to bring him one ... my great-grandmother’s prescriptions.
9 .1 came home and took my old b o x ...... the safe, and turned the old papers ....
10. I found the one that I needed, sat .......... my desk and translated
the prescription ... English. 11. It was a prescription ... loss ... weight.
12. The next day I handed i t ........Pyecraft.
V*. Change the following from direct speech into indirect speech.
1. The stranger said, “It’s fine a club.” 2. Pyecraft said to Formalyn
“Are you a complete stranger here?” 3. “I don’t know anybody here,”
replied Formalyn. 4. Pyecraft said to Formalyn, “Where have you come
from?” 5. Formalyn replied, “I have come quite a long distance!” 6. Pyecraft
said to Formalyn, “Won’t you have some tea?” 7. Formalyn said, “Yes.*
8. “What will you have for tea?” Pyecraft said to Formalyn. 9. Formalyn said
to Pyecraft, “I shall have a cup of tea and a teacake.” 10. Pyecraft said to the
waiter, “Bring two cups of tea and two teacakes.” 11. After tea Formalyn
said to Pyecraft, “I have never had such a tasty teacake.” 12. Pyecraft said
to Formalyn, “Please pass me a cigar.” 13. Pyecraft said to Formalyn,
“How many days will you stay in this town?” 14. Formalyn said to Pyecraft,
“I shall stay here a few days and I hope to have a good time.”
VI. The following statements are not true to fact. Correct them according
to the text of the lesson.
1. He sits next to me. 2. I did not get to know Pyecraft. 3. I wa
a young member of the club, known to everybody. 4. He spoke about few
171
things. 5. I was for Pyecraft from the very beginning. 6. “In the East, I’ve
been told,” he said, then stopped but did not look at me. 7. I don’t think
there is one I need. 8. A housekeeper with a gay- face came out.
VII. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. But as I think that not all the facts are known, I have decided to write
about them. 2. As to my poor Mary, not even you can tell me where she is now.
3. I knew that it was not you who did it.
VHP. Use a word or word combinatioii from the text in place of the words
and expressions in bold type.
1. I got to know Pyecraft in this very room. 2. I was not known to anyone
in the club. 3. He spoke about a number of things. 4. I did not like Pyecraft
from the very beginning. 5. ... what people had told him to do for his fatness.
6. Pyecraft looked fixedly at me over his vast cheeks. 7. And if you follow
my instructions, you’ll not touch it. 8. I gave him a little piece of yellow paper.
9. “That,” I said, “is quite obvious.” 10. A housekeeper with a troubled face came
out. 11. He’s shut in, sir. 12. He is eating, sir, something terrible.
IX. Translate the words given in brackets into English.
1. From the moment Formalyn saw Pyecraft he knew (в чем дело).
2. I don’t like this work. —(Ничего,) you will have to do it just the same.
3. (В чем было дело с) your son last week? I didn’t see him at school.
4. “Thank you for the gift, Helen,” Annie said. “How did you know?”
“(Пустяки), A nnie,” Helen said quickly.
X*. Fill in each blank with the correct word (that or what).
1. He sat a little to one side watching ... had just happened in the room.
2. He could see ... her trouble was great. 3. He did not think ... the matter
was so serious. 4. Annixter could not believe ... Ruggles would refuse to
take the cheque. 5. That’s just ... you promised not to ask. 6. Osterman
listened attentively to ... the governor was saying. 7. The farmers felt ... they
could not stand the cruelty of the railroad any more. 8. Everybody knew ...
Annixter was going to do.
XI*. Change from indirect speech into direct speech.
1. The teacher asked Annie how old she was. 2. The little boy asked
his m other to give him something to eat. 3. Annixter asked his farm
hands whether they had decorated the store-house with green branches.
4. They answered in the affirmative. 5. The messenger begged Annixter to take
the envelope. 6. Pyecraft asked Formalyn whether he would do something
for him. 7. The latter answered in the negative. 8. The housekeeper asked
Pyecraft if he wanted ttf e^t. 9. Pyecraft answered in the affirmative.
10. Pyecraft ordered the housekeeper to bring him another meal.
XII*. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Пайкрафт стал говорить о своей полноте и о том, что лю
советовали ему делать от (против) полноты. 2. Фермеры знали, что им
172
нужно делать. Они поняли, что они должны организовать союз, чтобы
защищать свои права. 3. Я знаю, что вы мне скажете. 4. Что с вами,
Пайкрафт? Почему вы не отпираете дверь? 5. Пустяки, я это сделаю в одну
минуту.
XIII Fill in the blanks with suitable words or word combinations from
the list below. Make any necessary changes.
1. It was in the spring that George firs! ... the three lovely sisters.
2. It goes without saying that I shall follow his ... . 3. “Don’t be disappointed,
Mr. Davis,” said my new ... . 4. The noise in the street was ... and he
locked the entrance door. 5. ... me ... I have a bad headache. 6. She advised
me to take from the library ... books on art. 7. This is the day when she ... me to
come to the club. 8. ... that the man who brought the letter is very honest.
(acquaintance, advice, awful, it goes without saying, to advise,
to leave alone, to make the acquaintance o f various)
ADDITIONAL TEXT
174
“You can have a library ladder in your room and all your meals
could be laid on the top of your bookcase,” I continued.
As we got on with the thing I found myself deeply interested. I called
the housekeeper and broke the news2 to her. Then I fixed up the inverted bed
and helped him in every way possible. I turned all his electric lights up instead
of down. The whole matter was very curious and interesting to me, and it was
delightful to think of Pyecraft like some great, fat fly, flying about near his
ceiling and never, never coming to the club any more.
Then I got an idea. I was sitting by the fire drinking his coffee, and
he was up in his favourite corner with a hammer in his hand trying
to fix a Turkey carpet3 to the ceiling.
“By Jove,4 Pyecraft!” I said. “All this is completely unnecessary. Lead
underclothes and the thing is done.”
Pyecraft got very excited.
“Buy sheet lead,” I said, “stamp it into discs. Sew them all over your
underclothes until you have enough. Have leadsoled boots, carry a bag of solid
lead, and the thing is done! Instead of being a prisoner here you may travel
again, Pyecraft.”
In his excitement he dropped the hammer he had in his hand within
an inch of my head. “By Jove!” he said, “I shall be able to come back to the
club again.”
He did. He does. There he sits behind me now, eating his third
buttered teacake and watching until I have finished the story. And no one
in the whole world knows—except his housekeeper and me—that he weighs
practically nothing.
From "The Truth about Pyecraft”
by H. G. Wells
Notes
III. Open the brackets and put the verb in the required tense. Observe
the rules of the sequence of tenses.
A t that time the farmers (to know) that the railroad company (to drive)
them off the land one day. They (to understand) that such (to be) the
nature of the railroad bosses. Annixter (to be) sure that Ruggles (to take)
the cheque. Annixter (to ask) Ruggles why the company (to refuse) to sell
the land at two and a half dollars per acre.
IV. Choose the word best suited to the context from the words given
in brackets.
1. He could ... pull off the sleeve of his shirt. He pulled ... at his sleeve,
(hard, hardly) 2. Hooven had to ride a long distance and he arrived ... for
the dance. Have you seen anything of him ...? (late, lately) 3. The boy was
praised by the teacher. Those birds fly.... (high, highly) 4. It’s q u ite .... He
was ... late for the lecture, (near, nearly)
IV. Choose the word best suited to the context from the words given
in brackets.
1. Many American railroad companies drive their workmen too
The farm was a mile away from there, it would ... take half an hour
to get there, (hard, hardly) 2. How ... did you go? The farmers spoke ...
of Annixter. (high, highly) 3. They stayed very ... last night. We have not
seen him at the institute .... (late, lately) 4. The car ... hit him. The
end of the dance w as.... (near, nearly)
1. My sister wrote in her letter that ... 2. W hen the American delegate
saw the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, he said that ... 3. Small farmers
in the USA know that ... 4. Annixter entered the land office and told
Ruggles t h a t ... 5. Pyecraft was sure th a t ...
VII. Change the following from direct speech into indirect speech.
1. W hen I came home from the bookshop, my mother asked; “Wh
books have you bought? How much did you pay for them? Did you buy
any books by H. G. Wells?” Then my little sister asked: “Mary, may I
read these books too?” “Yes, of course, my dear,” I answered. ‘W hen
can you give them to me?” she said. “I shall give them to you in a
fortnight,” I said. 2. “Mary, don’t forget to go to the shop and buy a loaf
of bread,” said Mother. “And on the way step into the post-office and
get me an envelope and a stamp. I want to send a letter to Father.”
“I shall do it on my way home, M other,” I said.
178
VIII. Fill in the blanks with the definite or indefinite article where
required. Underline the inserted words and put the mark X where no
article is necessary.
1. Ruggles said that he would not take ... cheque from Annixter.
2. He knew that ... company would sell ... land at ... higher price. 3. That
is the reason why he answered in ... negative and refused to take ...
money when Annixter offered to make ... cash payment. 4. The farmers
were i n ... despair.
IX. Fill in each blank with the correct word (that or what).
1. Formalyn noticed ... Pyecraft was very fat. 2. He asked him ... h
could do for him. 3. They will tell you ... they want. 4. Annixter did
not notice ... the store-house was decorated with green branches.
LESSON 1
I.
I. сильное уличное движение; 2. Киев расположен на семи хол
мах; 3. столица была переведена в Москву в 1918 г.; 4. первое кольцо
(круг) было первоначально деревянной оградой; 5. и Академия наук,
и Московский университет известны во всем мире; 6. Московский
университет был основан М. В. Ломоносовым; 7. большей частью;
8. например; 9. современные кольцевые бульвары; Ю. важный порт,
находящийся в глубине страны; 11. фактически; 12. высотой в 71 метр;
13. два раза в год; 14. у подножия башни; 15. Кремлевский Дворец
съездов.
II.
Спасские ворота у подножия башни всегда были главным входом
в Кремль. Теперь (в настоящее время), когда бы ни происходила
сессия Верховного Совета СССР, они (ворота) открыты для депутатов всех
15 республик —рабочих, колхозников, ученых, писателей, инженеров, ху
дожников и г. д. Ими также пользуются делегаты различных всесоюз
ных конференций (совещаний), которые происходят в Кремле. Пяти
конечная рубиновая звезда наверху символизирует мир и единство
пяти континентов. Такие звезды были установлены и зажжены на
пяти кремлевских башнях в 1937 году к двадцатой годовщине Вели
кой Октябрьской социалистической революции. Они весят от одной
до полутора тонн каждая, а их лучи достигают 3 метров 75 санти
метров в длину. Звезды, освещенные лампами в 5 ООО киловатт, уста
новленными внутри них, особенно красивы ночью.
III.
1. In 1703 a fortress on the Neva River was founded by Peter I (i
1703). 2. The clock in the Spassky Tower was mounted in 1851. 3. On
the initiative of V. 1. Lenin the musical chime of the Spassky Clock was
changed by the old watchmaker. 4. The clock in the Spassky Tower was
restored by the old watchmaker. 5. The anniversary of the Great October
Socialist Revolution is celebrated by all Soviet people every year. 6. On
the initiative of the Moscow Soviet several tunnels were built (by workers
and engineers) in the places with heavy traffic. 7. The first line of the
Moscow Metro was finished (by the Moscow workers) in 1935. 8. Next
summer the historic places of Leningrad will be visited by many Trade-
Union delegations.
180
IV.
1. During May Day celebrations thousands of people visit Red Square.
2. During revolutionary holidays red flags decorate the buildings of Moscow.
3. Everybody knows the ruby stars... 4. The workers first mounted the
stars in 1937 for the twentieth anniversary of the Great October Socialist
Revolution. 5. Novgorod merchants knew the trading post of Moscow in
old times. They brought different goods to Moscow. 6. Our brigade will
finish a new tunnel under this square next month.
V.
VI.
1. In capitalist countries the poor cannot live in good districts of th
town. 2. In the USA only the rich take part in political life. 3. In Gorki
(in the city of Gorki) the old and the young worked in the Kremlin and
restored the ancient towers and walls of this structure. 4. She took care
of the sick.
VII.
X.
1. Thousands of people took part in the demonstration on May 1 (on May
Day). 2. Millions study at schools and universities of the Soviet Union.
3. Hundreds of workers work at our factory. 4. Thousands of people in
our country work and study. 5. Hundreds of students were present at his
lecture yesterday.
XI.
1. This small town at the foot of the mountain was burnt down during
the Great Patriotic War. 2. The walls and towers of the Kremlin in Gorki were
restored a few (some) years ago. 3. The ruby stars of the Kremlin were
mounted on the towers on the initiative of the Soviet Government. 4. The
grandstands along the Kremlin wall are filled with delegates, deputies to
the Soviet and Muscovites during the celebrations of the October Revo
lution and on May 1.
XII.
1. capital. 2. is situated. 3. centre. 4. wide boulevards. 5. are held.
6. was put out of order. 7. was restored. 8. entrances. 9. the Frolovsky
Tower was renamed.
XIII.
1. Moscow was founded in 1147. 2. It became the capital after the
Great October Socialist Revolution. 3. The Kremlin is the centre of Moscow
and the seat of the Soviet Government. 4. The Kremlin was originally an
island. 5. Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, it is growing
rapidly. 6. It is situated* on seven hills. 7. There are many wide streets
(boulevards, avenues), large squares and parks-in Moscow. 8. There are
also many factories in Moscow. 9. Moscow is an important railway centre
182
and port deep inside the country. 10. Thousands of delegates to different
conferences visit Moscow every year. 11. The most interesting historic
monuments in Moscow are the Kremlin and Red Square. 12. The Spassky Gate
is the main entrance to the Kremlin. 13. The deputies to the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR come to Moscow to the sessions. 14. t h e sessions
of the Supreme Soviet are held in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses.
15. Moscow is the political, industrial and scientific centre of the country.
16. In 1947 all Soviet people celebrated the 800th anniversary of Moscow.
LESSON 2
I.
автобусы были со стеклянным верхом; уличное движение стало
более сильным (интенсивным); миля за милей; на короткое время
показался Кремль; Тротуары были заполнены людьми; вновь построен
ный город; огороженное забором пространство; автомобиль заедет за
вами; улицы были без единого пятнышка (безукоризненно чистыми);
ровная, залитая солнцем местность; широкая оживленная улица; ваши
комнаты будут расположены (находиться) рядом; они пожали друг
другу руки (обменялись рукопожатием); мне досмерти (ужасно) хотелось
подышать свежим воздухом, обо всем позаботятся; остальные чЛены деле
гации; он пошел впереди; голубой абажур; лифтер (лифтерша); один
милиционер; каменная набережная; огромные открытые поля.
И.
За аэропортом местность была низменной (ровной) с молодыми
деревьями. Дорога вела к шоссе с одной белой стрелкой, указывающей на
зад. На ней было написано АЭРОПОРТ, и с другой (стрелкой), указы
вающей к Москве —МОСКВА. «В Москву, в Москву!» —сказал Ник,
цитируя Чехова. «Мы будем там через полчаса», —сказал Гончаров.
Ник смотрел из окна на Россию вокруг него, на широкое шоссе, на
грузовики и автомобили, идущие по шоссе, и удивлялся, почему шоссе
казалось ему такой удивительной вещью в Советском Союзе. Он был
на Луне, но она была очень похожа (но это было очень похоже)
на весь остальной свет (мир). Он открыл окно, чтобы подышать свежим
воздухом, но почувствовал запах русского бензина.
«Что вы заметили в первую очередь в Нью-Йорке? (На что вы
обратили внимание в первую очередь в Нью-Йорке?)», —спросил он
Гончарова. «Запахи», —сказал Гончаров. «Ваш бензин пахнет иначе,
чем наш, все пахнет иначе, даже стряпня (еда). Я вышел из самолета,
И'мне ужасно хотелось подышать свежим воздухом, но куда бы я ни
шел, всюду был новый запах —ни плохой, ни хороший», —добавил он
дипломатично. «Он был просто другой. Мне потребовалось много
времени, чтобы я привык к нему, а затем после этого, конечно, я не
183
чувствовал никаких запахов —просто свежий воздух. Я больше никогда
не чувствовал американских запахов. Вы не возражаете, что я говорю
так?» —«Ничуть», —сказал Ник.
III.
1. На прошлой неделе наш институт опубликовал (издал) инте
ресный доклад. 2. Каждую неделю обсуждаются новые методы работы.
3. Мне сказали сегодня утром, что эта книга была издана (опубликована)
в Ленинграде в прошлом году. 4. Многие наши специалисты будут
пользоваться этой книгой. (Эта книга будет использована многими
нашими специалистами.) 5. Вчера наш библиотекарь получил распоря
жение купить десять экземпляров этой книги для нашей библиотеки.
6. Молодые люди смеялись над его шуткой. 7. На выставке были показаны
(показали) отличные модели современных машин. 8. Делегатам показали
на выставке отличные модели современных машин. 9. Меня познако
мили с этим ученым (Меня представили этому ученому) в прошлый поне
дельник. 10. Лекцию слушали с большим интересом.
IV.
1. Who will be taken to ...? 2. By whom will Nick be taken to ...?
3. W here will Nick be taken to ...? 4. W hen will Nick be taken to ...?
5. Will Nick be taken to ...?
V.
1. The earth was covered with snow. 2. The little girl was looked
for everywhere. 3. I was given a watch as a birthday present. A watch
was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 4. This film is much
talked about. 5. A new grammar rule was explained to the children by
the teacher. 6. The teacher was not listened to (by Peter). 7. He was
offered an interesting job by the manager. An interesting job was offered to
him by the manager. 8. The address was asked for by the postman.
9. Passengers are not allowed to smoke in the metro. 10. Some interesting
news was told to us. We were told some interesting news. 11. Rennet was
shown the sights of Moscow by Goncharov. The sights of Moscow were
shown to Rennet by Goncharov. 12. Goncharov was asked many questions
about Moscow by Rennet. Many questions about Moscow were asked by
Rennet.
VI.
1. The Soviet Government devotes great attention to science. 2. Peter
moved the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712. 3. In 1918 the Soviet Government
moved the capital again to Moscow. 4. The Soviet Government will restore
many historic monuments in Leningrad next year. 5. Thousands of people
will visit the Kremlin next summer. 6. Goncharov and his friend will
meet Nick at the airport.
184
VII.
1. In 1703 a fortress on the bank of the Neva River was founded by
Peter I. 2. In 1712 the capital was moved to St. Petersburg and the city
began to grow rapidly. 3. The city was built on islands for the most part.
4. On the initiative of Peter I, in 1724 the Academy of Sciences was founded
for the development of science in Russia. 5. On the initiative of the
Soviet Government in 1934 the Academy of Sciences was moved to Moscow.
6. The city on the Neva was renamed Leningrad in 1924. 7. All the city clocks
in Moscow are operated by electricity. 8. The clock in the Spassky Tower
is operated by three heavy weights. 9. The Spassky Clock was restored in
1919. 10. Nick was taken to the Hotel Moskva in a big car. 11. “Everything
will be taken care of,” added Goncharov. 12. Historic monuments will be
shown to you on Sunday. (You will be shown historic monuments on
Sunday.) 13. Many new apartment houses will be built in Moscow next
year. 14. Kiryaev was introduced to Dr. Rennet by Goncharov.
VIII.
IX.
1. stepped out of the airplane; for a moment on the landing-stage.
2. to the right; in the crowd. 3. walked down the steps. 4. hundreds of
people in the fence-enclosed space. 5. through the crowd towards (to)
Goncharov. 6. led him to. 7. will be taken care of. 8- through the
countryside. 9. looked out of the window, looked like the rest of the
world. 10. the smell of the Russian gas; was different from. 11. get used
to it for a long time. 12. in half an hour; before (in front of) the tall building
of the Moskva Hotel.
X.
XII.
1. Sheremetyevo Airport. 2. The countryside around Moscow. 3. on a
flat plain. 4. Dr. R. shook hands with K.* ... I am delighted to seeyou.
5. it was hidden by the clouds. 7. ... delegates were surprised. 7. Ann
led the way ... 8. many log houses in the countryside. 9. on a levelwith
the banks of the river. 10. as they waved little flags ... ‘Welcomehome
to our heroes!” 11. She pushed the door open. 12. Alex pulled at my arm.
13. and took a step forward. 14. in the vast stormy ocean. 15. and
welcome him as usual. 16. ten scientists including Victor. 17. I shall call
for you. 18. in an open space.
XIII.
Noun + noun: toyshop —игрушечный магазин; gas-stove —газовая плита;
cigarette-holder —мундштук; headache —головная боль; toothbrush —зуб
ная щетка; wallpaper —обои; airship —самолет.
Adjective + noun: goldsmith —ювелир; blacksmith —кузнец; bluebell—ко
локольчик (цветок); new-comer —незнакомец (вновь прибывший).
Noun + participle: moonlit —освещенный луной; air-cooled —с воздуш
ным охлаждением; heart-broken —убитый горем; ill-spoken —пользую
щийся дурной репутацией; new-built —вновь выстроенный; tongue-tied —
молчаливый.
XIV.
1. was delighted to see. 2. who welcomed him warmly. 3. we pushed
through the crowd. 4. shook hands with G. and K. 3. the rest of the
delegation. 6. stores. 7. petrol. 8. the crowded sidewalk. 9. the dark space.
XV.
1. “Welcome, to Moscow,” said G. in English. 2. Doctor Rennet an
G. got into the car and they rode (went) along the highway. 3. On both
sides of the road Dr. R. saw new five-, six- and twelve-storey houses.
4. On the way to the hotel G. and R. spoke about the scientific conference
(session). 5. Dr. R. was one of the members of the American delegation.
6. The American delegation stopped at the Moskva Hotel. 7. Dr. R.’s
suite in the hotel was on the fifth floor. 8. The windows of the suite
faced a broad crowded street. 9. The suite consisted of two rooms and
a private bathroom. 10. G. was given a key and Dr. R. and he went up
in the lift to the fifth floor. 11. “Tomorrow morning the car will call
for you and take you to the Academy Qf Sciences to the first session,”
said G.
186
LESSON 3
I.
I. смертность; 2. находиться на обсуждении; 3. показная сторона
(дословно: витрина); 4. в два раза выше; войти (вовнутрь); 5. это выше
моего понимания; 6. оборванные дети; 7. осмотр достопримечатель
ностей; 8. ничего (пустяки, не беспокойтесь!); 9. первое впечатление
от города; 10. бедность и нищета; 11. при существующем темпе;
12. улицы, обсаженные деревьями; 13. взглянуть на; 14. в два раза
больше; 15. интересоваться; 16. засиженный мухами календарь; 17. по
сетитель (клиент); 18. пожимать плечами; 19. опубликовать доклад.
II.
В 1958 году американский писатель Карл Марзани в своем романе
«Уцелевший» вновь описывает трущобы. Он рассказывает, как его герои
Марк и Дейв входят в маленький грязный дом (бар), который обслужи
вает негров, хотя клиентам (посетителям>неграм не разрешается входить
в помещение. Индейцам, которые являются уроженцами страны, также
не разрешается входить в помещение. Они получают свои бутылки
пива через окошко сбоку и пьют (свое) пиво, стоя в очереди на улице
в любую погоду (независимо от погоды). Марк смотрит на засиженные
мухами календари на стенах, и ему стыдно, что такая ужасная картина
Юга может находиться лишь в нескольких километрах (милях) от
столицы государства (страны). Затем он думает: «Эти трущобы пустяки,
а вот как насчет трущоб на самом Капитолийском холме?»
А теперь мы переходим к 1961 году. В марте 1961 года Нацио
нальный комитет демократической партии опубликовал доклад, в кото
ром говорится, что в трущобах жиьут двадцать два миллиона амери
канцев и что потребуется сто лет, чтобы расчистить (снести) трущобы,
если работа будет продолжаться существующими темпами.
III.
1. the streets; of X tourists. 2. X special guides; X various ... buildings;
the White House; the Capitol; the National Gallery. 3. the guides; the slums;
a few minutes; the centre of the city. 4. X visitors; the dirt of the slums;
the misery and poverty. 5. a group; the slums; a few years; no X steps.
IV.
1. Хлеб —единственная пища бедных. 2. Для слепых существуют (име
ются) специальные библиотеки. 3. Шотландцы живут на севере Великобрита
нии. 4. Врач лечит больных. 5. Болгары и румыны —добрые соседи.
6. В нашем списке было двенадцать журналов; все они были ежене
дельными (еженедельниками). 7. Раненых унесли. 8. Голландцы счита
ют, что Костер, уроженец Голландии, был тем (человеком), кто первый
напечатал книгу. 9. В Южно-Африканском союзе уроженцы страны
живут в специальных резервациях.
187
V.
1. One can find slums even in the centre if Washington. 2. One can see
the poverty and (the) misery of thousands of American families there.
3. One finds that the slums in New York are even worse than the slums in
Washington. 4. One can see ragged children there playing in dirty yards. 5. In
New York one can see people steeping in sidewalks. 6. One must always keep
one’s word. 7. One often makes mistakes when one does not know grammar.
VL
1. in one of the magazines; an article about; in Moscow. 2. interest in them.
3. look at them. 4. went to; on Sunday. 5. spoke to one of the people; in these ...
houses. 6. invited me to his ... apartment. 7. on the sixth floor. 8. to the left;
in the middle; with a wall closet to the right. 9. in the apartment. 10. full of
light. 11. on the street level.
VII.
1. slums. 2. poverty and misery. 3. death-rate. 4. ragged children, guides.
5. were indignant. 6. beyond me. 7. crimes. 8. shrugged (his shoulders).
9. disgrace. 10. protect. 11. never mind.
VIII.
1. a) Wiat is very high in the Washington slums? b) Where is the tuber
cular death-rate...? c) In what slums is the death-rate ...? 2. a) When did an
American writer publish an article? b) Wio published an article .„? c) Wiat
writer published an article ...? d) Wiat did he publish ...? e) About what
did he publish an article ...? f) What did he do ...? g) About what slums
did he publish ...?
IX.
X.
1. was under discussion. 2. It is beyond me. 3. Disgrace; nation;
exclairhed. 4. decided to have a look at. 5. turns the eyes. 6. parts.
7. strolled. 8. formed a queue. 9. stood in the queue.
188
XI.
1. Washington is visited by thousands of people every year. 2. All the historic
and public buildings in Washington are kept very clean. 3. The Washington
slums are never shown to anybody (anyone). 4. The poverty and misery
of the slums is never seen by tourists. 5. A big article about the ragged men
and women who live in the slums was written by one of the senators.
XII.
1. ragged children. 2. were indignant. 3. is beyond me. 4. was fly-specked.
5. form a queue outside and get their bottles of beer through a window.
XIII.
1. Every year Washington is visited by thousands of people. 2. Specia
guides show them the historic monuments of the city. 3. (The) tourists visit
the parks, the National Gallery, the Capitol and other historic places.
4. The streets in the centre of the city are clean, wide, with tall trees on
both sides. 5. But the tourists never see the Washington slums. 6. One can
find slums not far from the centre of the American capital. 7. One can see dirty
rooms crowded with people in the old houses of the Washington slums.
8. The death-rate is very high in this part of the American capital. 9. Many
magazines published articles about (on) the American slums several
years ago. 10. But the slums are still there.
LESSON 4
I.
I. плодородная почва; 2. огромное строительство; 3. только за послед
ние годы; 4. искусственное море; 5. решить проблему Нила; 6. защитить
от наводнений; 7. хороший урожай; 8. сделать возможным регулярное
судоходство; 9. план мобилизации сил великой реки, чтобы она служила
и сельскому хозяйству и промышленности; 10. в разгар строительства.
II.
Одним из первых шагов Арабской Республики Египет было индуст
риализировать страну и развить ее сельское хозяйство. Результатом
этого явилось строительство высотной плотины. Высотная плотина даст
электроэнергию для приведения в действие машин египетских пред
приятий. Она обеспечит регулярную подачу воды, она поможет обра
ботать новые земли. Плотина защитит огромные площади от навод
нений и впервые сделает возможным регулярное судоходство между
Египтом и Суданом. Большая часть работы по строительству дорог,
строительству железных дорог, системе подачи воды и электроэнергии
уже закончена. Около 3 400 ООО кубических ярдов твердой породы было
вынуто в 1961 году.
189
«Насколько мне известно, такой объем выемки грунта никогда раньше
не производился ни на одном строительстве гидроэлектростанций в
мире», —сказал один из советских инженеров.
«Более 400 советских специалистов работают на строительстве со
времени начала работ. Новым сроком завершения строительства
Асуанской плотины является 1968 год. К этому времени будут построены
две перемычки, а отводной канал будет введен в эксплуатацию.
Когда главная плотина будет закончена, строители перейдут на другую
стройку».
III.
1. The people of the ARE are pleased with completing of the
A. Dam. 2. Such a ... climate; such X vast quantities of X warmth from the
sun; X ... development; on the supply of X water. 3. to grow X cotton
without a good water supply; X cotton; the main ... the UAR, 4. of the land area;
the Republic; a (X) barren desert. 5. the Dam; the ... area; the lands; the Upper
Nile; the whole year; for X floods. 6. The A. Dam; the world’s. 7. the con
struction; the station; the supply of X electric power. 8. The Dam; X regular
navigation; X Egypt and the Sudan.
IV.
1. one of; in the world. 2. not far from; some of; during the battle on the
Volga. 3. of the Volga ...; step to (towards); of the country. 4. Put into operation;
to Moscow; to the D. area. 5. with a total height of over 200 feet; from
Volgograd; to Saratov; to the spot; to Earth. 6. to thousands of acres of
desert area.
V.
1) 1. What will cover the barren desert? 2. What lake will cover ,..?
3. What desert will this vast lake cover? 4. Will this vast lake cover ...?
2) 1. What reaches its highest point in mid-August? 2. What point does
the Nile reach ...? 3. When does the Nile reach ...? 4. What does the Nile
reach in mid-August? 5. Does the Nile reach ...?
VI.
a) 1. did you see; I saw. 2. I have not been to Kiev since my father
died. 3. has changed much since he left ... 4. much progress has been made.
5. were built last year. 6. have been built recently. 7. Yesterday ... fixed.
8. has been fixed today.
b) 1. Who spoke ...? 2. Ivanov did, Ann heard. 3. has made ... this month.
4. heard, but she has not told me yet (has not yet told me). 5. came a minute
ago, cried; have you been all this time? I haven’t seen you since. 6. I was .*
till June; since then I have lived. 7. Have you received; I wrote you two weeks
ago?—No, I haven’t.
190
VII.
1. has been completed; land in Egypt will be increased. 2. will leave
Aswan after they have finished. 3: will throw a document; has kept its promise.
4. after the dam has been completed; the Nile will create.
VIII.
1. have never known any. 2. has just come; have never seen Tanya; she
has not (yet) begun work yet; she is still. 3. have you ever read; have already
read. 4. have already been taught. 5. has ever doubted. 6. has just been
completed. 7. have already been blasted.
IX.
1. the barren areas (territories). 2. is completed. 3. live in the desert.
4. technicians, the construction, to put into operation. 5. of such an important
project. 6. the annual.
X.
1. into this girl’s life. 2. Prof. Challenger’s article. 3. A nn and Mary’s mother.
4. their four-and-a-half-months’ effort. 5. Moscow’s new south-western
district. 6. any of Mozart’s compositions.
XI.
1. was. 2. went. 3. said; have done. 4. have been built; have been laid.
5. has been built. 6. was completed. 7. has become. 8. have been trained.
9. has been designed and tested.
XII.
1. this statement. 2. the thin strip of. 3. This top soil. 4. to solve the problem.
5. to serve both. 6. when completed. 7. annually. 8. The grateful people.
9. states; kept its promise. 10. starvation. 11. the site. 12. floods. 13. will
supply.
XIII.
1. Soviet technicians will examine the machines after they have arrived
at the construction site. 2. We shall go to the dam after the chief engineer
has come from Moscow* 3. When the power-station has been built, it will
supply electricity to many industrial centres and towns.
XIV.
1. deserts. 2. area. 3. starvation. 4. agrirulture problems. 5. by force.
6. statement. 7. to serve. 8. force. 9. has been increased. 10. put into
operation.
191
XV.
1. One could find many Soviet specialists at the construction job of the
Aswan High Dam. 2. One find there many buldozers and excavators from the
Soviet Union. 3. In Sad-Al-Ali one could see many houses built for Soviet
technicians and workers. 4. One may learn many interesting things
about the pyramids of Egypt in (the) book written by Herodotus.
XVI.
1. The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world. 2. Every year
(annually) the Nile brings a layer of African soil to Egyptian lands.
3. This thin top layer of African soil is a real gift of Nature. This rich soil
covers a thin strip of land which stretches along both banks of the Nile.
4. The people of Egypt annually celebrate the Festival of the Nile Flood.
5. The Nile begins at a great height in the heart of Africa. 6. In mid-August
(in the middle of August) the Nile reaches its highest point. 7. The completion
of the Aswan Dam created a vast man-made lake which brought water to the
desert. 8. By this time the agricultural land area increased (had increased)
by 30 per cent.
LESSON 5
I.
I. Его часы последовали за его другими вещами. 2. Он не был благо
дарен птицам. 3. Это была первая ночь, которую он провел на открытом
воздухе. 4. Таггарт разжег трубку и почти немедленно начал думать.
5. Его приветствовали словами. 6. Поставив свое имя, он стал автором,
не правда ли? 7. В течение двух месяцев все шло довольно хорошо.
8. Он чувствовал, что его протест был напрасным.
II.
«Доброе утро, Таггарт. Джордж Гриб даст нам статью для «Маяка».
У него не будет времени написать ее, конечно. Я хочу только, чтобы вы
написали (один) столбец, который он мог бы подписать —что-нибудь
в стиле Гриба».
Таггарт улыбнулся. Джорджи Гриб!
«Он когда-нибудь написал в своей жизни хоть строчку, сэр?»
«Не думаю (полагаю, что нет), но вы знаете, что он написал бы;
он ничего не получает за это, кроме рекламы. У него нет ни минуты сво
бодной, но он подпишет, что угодно, если это будет хорошо написано!
Начинайте эту статью Гриба немедленно, ясно?»
Таггарт кивнул и, вытащив из кармана несколько отпечатанных
на машинке листов бумаги, положил их на стол.
III.
а) 1. the door. 2. to X town. 3. a gift. 4. the reason. 5. the month
when; to the country. 6. a place; X strangers. 7. the author of the poem.
192
8. X beautiful flowers. 9. the money. 10. The man; by the fence. 11. a young man;
from X college.
b) 1. the author of; in the year 1867. 2. a middle-class family; “Th
Forsyte Saga”. 3. X Oxford University. 4. X novels; X plays, and X short
stories. 5. a very complete picture of X ... society in the twentieth century.
6. the class; the decline of ... the books. 7. X Galsworthy’s novels; in
the Soviet Union. 8. X many books by X Russian writers in X English
translations. 9. the Russian realists; the great authors of the time.
IV.
1. without a job. 2. a few weeks before; sent for him. 3. entered X his
room; for George Grebe. 4. tone it up. 5. sat down; a sheet of paper.
6. laid down; out of his mouth; for their idol. 7. went out. 8. on Friday;
sent for him. 9. a string of statements. 10. from foot to foot; tone it up; for
a change. 11. the matter with you. 12. with a bitter smile; suffering from a fit of
conscience.
V.
1. began to write; after ... had gone. 2. had done nothing; before ... came.
3. had never been insulted; before he sent. 4. After ... had heard; he left.
5. had been given; he achieved. 6. spent; had often visited.
VI.
1. Who has already sent his secretary for Т.? 2. Whom has the chief already
sent for Taggart? 3. Whom has the chief already sent his secretary for?
4. Has the chief already sent his secretary for Т.?
VII.
1. asked me. 2. have you ever read. 3. I have; I have read. 4. have
his books been translated ... 5. they have; were published. 6. have always
been.
VIII.
1. The chief stared. 2. I’m suffering from a fit ... 3. so insulted.
4. He never called himself a fool.
IX.
1. His watch had gone the way of. 2. after dawn. 3. grateful. 4. had
passed; in the open. 5. daily problem; a job. 6. had been greeted with:
“Good morning.” 7. suppose so; the s6rt. 8. sign. 9. begin; at once. 10. I’ve got
to catch. 11. stared at him. 12. kindly. 13. ill. 14. What is the matter with
you? 15. don’t care to carry out my instructions; we can do without you.
16. T. nodded. 17. he had enjoyed liberty. 18. he had carried on. 19. he felt more
certain; in vain.
193
X.
1. will come; in case they have received. 2. will begin; as soon as ... has
left. 3. will speak; after ... has arrived. 4. will be able; after he has received.
5. will not be able; as she has lost.
XI.
1. is cold; has changed. 2. it is not wise; has not been boiled. 3. are;
have ever eaten. 4. has not eaten. 5. have not read. 6. have not been.
7. have been ill.
XII.
1. how to do without it. 2. grateful; had woken him. 3. lit his pipe;
about his chief. 4. two newspaper columns. 5. many leaders for his chief.
6. for a change. 7. decided. 8. supposed that Taggart was ill. 9. what was the
matter with him. 10. a fit of conscience. 11. stared; that he had never been so
insulted. 12. was at liberty. 13. his pipe. 14. but everything was in vain.
15. the fact is.
XIII.
1. stared. 2. do without. 3. felt certain. 4. for a change. 5. supposed.
6. in vain. 7. a fool. 8. typewritten.
XIV.
1. Taggart woke up in Hyde Park early in the morning. 2. It was soon
after dawn and the birds began to sing. 3. Taggart was hungry but he listened
to the birds with interest. 4. He did not know the time (what time it was, ...
what o’clock it was) because he had sold his watch. His watch had gone the
way of his other things. 5. He lit his pipe and began to think of how to get a job.
6. He thought of how he had lost his job (work). 7. He had written leaders
for his chief. 8. Three months ago his chief told him to write a column for the
famous clown George Grebe. 9. Taggart did not want to write the article
for the clown who had never written a line. 10. The chief got J^became)
indignant and said to Taggart, “I have never been so insulted. You are at
liberty.” 11. For three months Taggart enjoyed liberty. 12. He felt he had been
(was) right.
LESSON 6
I.
1. несомненно играл очень важную роль; 2. грязные деревенски
улочки; 3. он всегда командовал (был заводилой); 4. образец совер
шенства; 5. Я, конечно, не чувствовал своего превосходства по сравне
нию с ним. 6. Я завидовал той свободе, с которой Чанду ходил, куда
хотел. 7. Он был готов начать свой обход. 8. Я полагаю, что ты никого
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не боишься теперь, ксида твой отец умер (когда твоего отца нет в
живых). 9. Чанду был в отчаянии и пробежал в дикой ярости мимо
меня. 10. он только что ушел по дороге; 11. старейшины деревни;
12. ты заодно с ним; 13. Вы, мальчики, избалованы (испорчены) школьным
образованием. 14. Вот точно то, что он сказал.
II.
Чанду очень нравилось (очень любил) описывать чудесную одежду
европейского фасона, которую носят господа, адвокаты, чиновники и
полицейские в районном суде, где он должен был дожидаться экипажа
Лалла Хукам Чанда, прицепившись к которому он совершал путе
шествие домой. Один или два раза он сообщил мне о своем тайном
желании купить для себя такую же одежду, как носит доктор Калан
Хан. Он описывал мне. наружность (внешность) Калан Хана, молодого
человека с косым пробором, одетого в крахмальную сорочку с ворот
ничком и галстуком-бабочкой, черный пиджак и полосатые брюки,
чудесное непромокаемое пальто и кожаные ботинки.
Он сказал, что доктор всегда носит маленький кожаный чемоданчик,
в котором он держит свои блестящие инструменты.
Затем он спросил моего совета. Он сказал: «Я парикмахер только
с пятиклассным образованием. Я думаю, я буду выглядеть более важным
(значительным), если я тоже буду носить такое же платье, как доктор
Калан Хан».
Я согласился с его проектом и поддержал его с энтузиазмом,
который я испытывал (чувствовал) в отношении всего, что мой герой
думал или делал.
III.
1. the barber, boy of the village. 2. a very clever boy; no X fear.
3. the fifth class. 4. of X plague; leave X school; the barber of the
village. 5. the lawyer of the village; the poor boy; a piece of X rag in
the middle. 6. the boy; a splendid waistcoat with X buttons; an old felt cap.
7. the ... officer; in the center of the village; a pair of. 8. a black leather
hand-bag. 9. the elders; the boy.
IV.
1. at school; about Ch. 2. ashamed of. 3. belonged to; superior to.
4. on my way; from school; called at his house at the corner of. 5. not at home.
6. went out; in the morning. 7. to a small town. 8. belonged to. 9. to him (with
him) about. 10. told X me; in town. 11. on the road. 12. was proud of.
V.
1. has been opened. 2. go. 3. are taught 4. have already seen.
5. graduated. 6. have received; have become. 7. are devoted; do. 8. have
been built.
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VI.
1. had belonged. 2. had been exploited. 3. had suffered. 4. has become.
5. belong. 6. visited. 7. were greeted. 8. spoke; had made.
VII.
1. a piece of rag; of his naked body. 2. on the dirty village lanes.
3. willingly. 4. tasks; school master. 5. superior to him. 6. was always
ashamed (ot). 7. khaki shorts. 8. had once belonged to. 9. did the round.
10. gifts. 11. project. 12. splendid. 13. rushed. 14. suppose; have no fear of.
15. shouted. 16. he was so insulted. 17. I admired him. 18. wasin despai
a wild rage.
VIII.
1. did not belong to; was not ashamed of. 2. he did the round.
3. envied. 4. admired. 5. his rags; of his naked body. 6. a model of perfecti
7. rode to town; belonged to the lawyer of our village. 8. splendid. 9. his
round. 10. fear. 11. rushed. 12. willingly; village lane. 13. in despair.
IX.
a) 1. длинные белые бумажные брюки. 2. Он был сыном парик
махера, принадлежавшею к низшей касте. 3. его легкие короткие брюки
цвета хаки. 4. люди, принадлежавшие к высшей касте. 5. Его отец рано
обучил его профессии касты парикмахеров.
b) 1. круглая фетровая шапка, которая когда-то принадлежала
адвокату нашей деревни. 2. я знал Чанду с гех пор, когда он еще
носил кусок тряпки. 3. дом хозяина, которого он брил каждый день.
4. он был так оскорблен при мне (в моем присутствии), тогда как он
знал, что был моим героем. 5.. купец нашей деревни, который держал
бакалейную лавку на углу маленькой улицы. 6. в маленький дом, где он
жил со своей матерью.
c) 1. Перескажите текст, который я вам прочитал. 2. Девушка,
которую я встретил на улице, моя сестра. 3. Фильм, который я видел
вчера вечером, очень интересен. 4. Непромокаемое пальто, которое
Чанду носил, было слишком велико для него. 5. Человек, которого
Чанду брил каждый день, принадлежал к высшей касте.
X.
1. rushed out. 2. exactly. 3. educated. 4. admired. 5. interrupted.
6. did the round. 7. is very good at. 8. ride.
XI.
1. Chandu, the barber boy of our village, belonged to a low caste.
2. He was very poor and he lived together with his mother in a small
house in a dirty narrow village lane. 3. When he was a small boy, he
wore rags. 4. It was usually a dirty rag which he wore on his naked body.
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5. His friend who belonged to a superior caste envied Chandu because Chandu
did not go to school. 6. Chandu was poor and he began to work after
he had left school. 7. Every morning Chandu did the round of the high-
caste people of our village. 8. During his rounds he wore khaki shorts and a black
waistcoat with buttons which had been given to him by the lawyer of our
village. 9. Every day Chandu rode to town at the back of the carriage of the
lawyer. 10. At last Chandu bought in town European clothes and a leather
hand-bag for his tools. In the morning on the way to the house of the rich
landlord he came to the door of his friend. 12. Chandu seemed to his
friend a model of perfection. 13. The boys rushed to the landlord’s house.
14. The landlord did not let Chandu into the house. 15. The landlord was
full of fear because he saw a leather hand-bag in Chandu’s hand.
LESSON 7
I.
I. производили только 10% продовольствия страны; 2. подобно
спруту душит (опутывает) бедных фермеров насмерть; 3. Какой
смысл лгать? 4. Все знают, что он главный представитель железно
дорожной компании. 5. Фермеры очень хотят купить участки земли,
которые они занимают. 6. банкир —один из местных политических руко
водителей. 7. Послушайте! 8. Но даже самый дом, в котором я живу
сейчас, стоит на земле, принадлежащей компании.
II.
В центре лучшего делового квартала на этой улице находилось
(было) трехэтажное здание из коричневого камня со сверкающими окна
ми и вывесками с золотыми буквами, одна из них гласила: «Контора
Тихоокеанской и Юго-западной железной дороги». На другой, значи
тельно меньшей (намного меньшей), была надпись: «Земельная контора
Т. и Ю. 3.».
Анникстер привязал свою яошаГдь к дереву перед этим зданием,
поднялся на второй этаж и вошел в контору, где несколько клерков и
бухгалтеров сидели за работой. Один из них приветствовал его и подошел
к нему (приблизился к нему).
«Алло! —сказал Анникстер. —Ваш начальник здесь? Рагглз здесь?»
Бухгалтер повел Анникстера в личный кабинет в соседней комнате,
где мужчина сидел за письменным столом и писал. Над столом висела
огромная карта земель, принадлежавших компании (которыми владела
компания). Рагглз с улыбкой приветствовал Анникстера.
«Я хочу поговорить с вами о моей земле, я имею в виду —вашу
землю —землю железной дороги, —Анникстер начал сразу. Я хочу знать,
когда я смогу купить ее».
«Ну, мистер Анникстер, —сказал Рагглз, наклоняясь вперед, —земля
фактически ваша. У вас на нее преимущественное право покупки в
течение неопределенного срока».
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«Меня не интересует этб право покупки! Я хочу владеть этой
землей. Почему вы откладываете ее продажу? Это дело тянется более
восьми лет. Когда мы впервые приехали сюда, мистер Берман заверил
нас, что земля будет продана в течение нескольких месяцев».
«Боюсь, что я не смогу сказать вам, мистер Анникстер».
«О, что за смысл лгать, Рагглз?»
Лицо Рагглза покраснело, он воздержался от ответа и засмеялся
вместо этого.
III.
a) 1. told; had spent. 2. said; had bathed; had been. 3. arrived; saw.
4. had come. 5. were.
b) 1. was. 2. said; ran. 3.< came; noticed; was dressed; (had) first met.
4. said; would not touch; had given. 5. knew; (had) lied; checked.
6. replied; would not go. 7. repeated; had decided. 8. said; had offered.
9. were. 10. did not own; were; would throw. 11. said; would see.
IV.
1. Comrade Popov runs a big collective farm in the Crimea. 2. He ran
the car very well. 3. They saw a sign which read, “Entrance to the museum.”
4. The thermometer reads five degrees below zero.
V.
1. that she will go to Leningrad for three days. 2. which he will recite
at the party. 3. where my sister will go this summer. 4. than he knows now
(than he does now). 5. than he usually does (reads) in winter. 6. that the Soviet
airplanes are the best in the world. 7. just as well as shespeaks English.
8. why he won’t (will not) come to the lecture.
VI.
1. The poor farmers of the; the land. 2. the railroad company. 3. a capitalist;
the interests. 4. one of the assistants to the banker. 5. the author; a rich
family. 6. the university. 7. in the year. 8. a few years; a journalist.
9. a novel of X social protest; X monopoly capital. 10. the cruelty of the (a) ...
company; the farmers; X poverty and X starvation.
VII.
1. describes; drove. 2. cruelty. 3. has hardly changed at all. 4. make. 5. were
eager. 6. settled. 7. welcomed. 8. don’t care for. 9. the good. 10. grew;
checked his answer. 11. I don’t own the Mercury. 12. a lie. 13. didn’t reply.
14. one of these days.
VIII.
1. hardly; hard. 2. late; lately. 3. nearly; near. 4. high; highly.
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IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
1. Annixter entered the office on the second floor. 2. There was a sig
on the door which read: “Land Office.” 3. He wanted to talk to the
representative of the railroad. 4. Ruggles ran the Land Office in Bonneville.
5. Annixter told Ruggles that the company had promised to sell them the land
(to sell the land to them). 6. The farmers knew that they had to defend their
rights. 7. They understood that the company would drive them off their plots
of land. 8. Annixter told Ruggles that he would pay two and a half dollars per
acre for the land. 9. He wrote out a cheque and put the cheque on the desk.
10. Ruggles replied (answered) that he would not touch it (the cheque).
11. He added that the company had put off this matter. 12. Annixter knew
very well why the company had put off that matter. 13. Behrman, who ran
the whole business in Bonneville, was sure that the Company would sell the land
at a higher price. 14. Behrman was sure that his assistant Ruggles would defend
the interests of the company very well. 15. Annixter trembled with anger and
shouted that the railroad bosses and their representatives Behrman and Ruggles
were thieves.
LESSON 8
I.
I. находились внутри, украшая стены; 2. по обе стороны от входной
двери; 3. в конце амбара; 4. скоро все помещение было залито светом;
5. Веселый смех прерывал разговор. 6. Анникстер встал и прочитал;
7. Затем разразилась буря.
II.
Все яснее и яснее фермеры понимали, что в действительности
случилось с ними. Они видели, что невозможно будет больше выдер
199
живать тиранию железнодорожной компании. Они говорили друг другу
снова и снова, что, для того чтобы защитить свои права, они должны
будут бороться, иначе они будут разорены. Вдруг Остерман вскочил (на
ноги). «Организация, —закричал Остерман, —это должен быть наш девиз.
Теперь нам нужно держаться вместе —теперь, теперь. Вот и наступил
критический момент. Давайте организуем лигу (союз). Не на будущей
неделе, не завтра, не утром, а теперь, теперь, теперь, немедленно перед
тем, как мы выйдем из этой двери. Все мы, присутствующие здесь,
должны вступить в нее, чтобы создать (положить) начало огромной
организации, созданной для защиты наших прав и жилищ. Готовы ли
вы? Теперь или никогда!» И лига была организована.
III.
Г. X small farmers; the USA; a decent living, 2. the ... railroad;
a higher price. 3. the company; the very moment. 4. the new price;
the company; X ruin. 5. the rest of the farmers; in the store-house;
a league. 6. the land; the very houses. 7. X guest after X guest; the league.
IV.
1. Annixter told Osterman that he thought that the railroad company
would soon sell the land to them. 2. When Annixter came home from Bonne
ville, his farm-hand said that a representative of the company had just
arrived to see him. He added that the latter was in the store-house now.
3. The representative said that he wanted to speak to him about his plot of
land. 4. Annixter answered that he was glad that the representative had come
to see him. 5. The representative told Annixter that the company had decided
to sell the land to him at the price of 27 dollars per acre. 6. Annixter
trembled with anger and said that it was ruin. 7. Then Annixter shouted that
he would fight for his home, that he would not give in to the company.
V.
1. Ruggles said to Annixter, “The company will not sell you the land.”
2. “We understand that we will have to fight against the landowners,” said
the farmers. 3. “We will not stand the cruelty of the company,” shouted the
farmers. 4. They said, “More and more clearly we understand what has really
happened to us.” 5. “I shall come tomorrow,” said Annixter.
VI.
1. knew; would throw. 2. tried. 3. owned; were; would win. 4. described
had driven. 5. told; had seen; had refused. 6. added; had heard; would fix;
would ruin.
VH.
1. Анна онемела от страха. 2. Лицо Веры побледнело (стало блед
ным) от удивления. 3. Дейв стоял молча, бессильный от ярости.
4. Мгновение спустя я оглянулся и чуть не вскрикнул от изумления.
5. Я был вне себя от радости.
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VIII.
1. branches. 2. either side. 3. everything was in order. 4. in the best
of spirits. 5. the messenger handed Annixter. 6. rose to his feet. 7. in complete
silence. 8. with excitement. 9. the company owned.
IX.
X.
1. was put in order. 2. at the very last moment. 3. was flooded with light.
4. were in the best of spirits. 5. were out of breath. 6. in complete silence.
7. were for sale at a new price. 8. interrupted the conversation. 9. laughter
was heard. 10. laws. 11. in small groups. 12. stand. 13. give in to the company.
14. join the league. 15. I am not going ...
XI.
1. store-house. 2. give in. 3. a breath of air. 4. a messenger. 5. in
high spirits. 6. were? ruined. 7. to stand. 8. ruined his health. 9. The sale of
the land. 10. the protection of the law. 11. silence.
XII.
1. All the guests were in the best of spirits and shook with laughter.
2. When the messenger brought the envelope, everybody stopped with surprise.
3. It was hot and the faces of the farmers were red with heat. 4. The farmers
were ruined and they were white with rage.
XIII.
1. The farmers and their families gathered to celebrate the new harvest.
2. The colossal store-house was decorated with green branches. 3. The whole
store-house was flooded with light. 4. The musicians arrived from Bonne
ville at the very last moment. 5. The musicians began to play and the young
people took part in the dance. 6. Everybody was in the best of spirits and had
a good time. (... of spirits having a good time.) 7. For this day Annixter had
decided to put all thoughts of business out of his head. 8. Suddenly he saw
a messenger with a letter. 9. The letter was from the company. 10. Annixter
opened the envelope and read the letter. 11. All the farmers listened to
Annixter in complete silence. 12. They learned that the price for the land
had been fixed at 27 dollars per acre. 13. It meant that the farmers would be
ruined. 14. “We shall not give in, we shall fight,” shouted the farmers.
15. They organized a league to fight for their rights.
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LESSON 9
I.
I. что люди советовали ему делать, чтобы избавиться от полноты;
2. Я бы отдал, что угодно, чтобы похудеть. 3. Представьте себе, что
там есть тот рецепт, который мне нужен. 4. Но наконец я уступил.
5. Послушайте, насколько я знаю (насколько мне известно), это рецепт
для «потери веса». 6. Я заставил его обещать никогда не говорить мне
ни слова о своей полноте, чтобы ни случилось. 7. Но к концу двух недель
он был такой же толстый (жирный), как всегда. 8. Я назвал себя (свое
имя), и она впустила меня (в квартиру). 9. Он заперся, сэр. 10. Он все время
требует еду. 11. как будто кто-то двигается в темноте; 12. Но дверь не
открывалась. 13. Это само собой разумеется.
II.
П айкраф т—я познакомился с Пайкрафтом в этой самой комнате.
Я был молодым, нервным (взволнованным) новым членом клуба,
совершенно посторонним, и он видел это. Я сидел совсем один, и
вдруг он подошел ко мне, большой толстяк. Он сел на стул рядом со
мной, закурил сигару, а затем обернулся ко мне и начал говорить.
Он говорил о различных вещах, а затем о моей фигуре и цвете лица.
Я худой и, я полагаю, что у меня довольно темный цвет лица. Я не
стыжусь своей индийской прабабушки, но я не хочу, чтобы посторонние
люди говорили мне об этом, и я сразу (с самого начала) настроился
против Пайкрафта. Но он заговорил обо мне, чтобы перейти к самому
себе.
«Я полагаю, —сказал он, —вы не занимаетесь спортом больше,
чем я, и, вероятно, едите не меньше (как все толстяки, он думал,
что он ничего не ест), и все же — и он улыбнулся, —мы разные».
III.
a) 1. Victor got acquainted with-Boris. 2. Where did you get acquainted with
this man? 3.... my sister got acquainted, with Alexander (with him). 4. How
did Nick get acquainted with Vera (with her) ...? 5. ... I got acquainted with
them.
b) 1. W hen did Helen make Victor’s acquaintance? 2 .1 made his acquaint
ance ... 3. How can I make Jenny’s (her) acquaintance? 4. ... did not
make John’s (his) acquaintance ...
IV.
1. to the club in the afternoon. 2. at once; at the club. 3. came up to me;
with him. 4. the acquaintance of each other. 5. talked about; advised X him;
for his fatness. 6. like Pyecraft.7. help X him. 8. gave in; one of. 9. out of the safe;
turned ... over. 10. sat down at; translated ... into. 11. for loss of weight.
12. handed it in to P.
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У.
1. The stranger said that it was a fine club. 2. Pyecraft asked Formalyn if
(whether) he was a complete stranger there. 3. Formalyn replied that he
did not know anybody there. 4. Pyecraft asked Formalyn where he had come
from. 5. Formalyn replied that he had come quite a long distance. 6. Pyecraft
asked Formalyn whether he would have some tea. 7. Formalyn answered in
the affirmative. 8. Pyecraft asked Formalyn what he would have for tea.
9. Formalyn told Pyecraft that he would have a cup of tea and a teacake.
10: Pyecraft told the waiter to bring two cups of tea and two teacakes. 11. After
tea Formalyn told Pyecraft that he had never had such a tasty teacake.
12. Pyecraft asked (begged) Formalyn to pass him a cigar. 13. Pyecraft asked
Formalyn how many days he would stay in that town. 14. Formalyn told
Pyecraft that he would stay there a few days and he hoped to have a good time.
VI.
1. not a dozen yards away. 2. made the acquaintance o f ... 3. a complete
stranger. 4. various. 5. against. 6. and stared at me. 7. suppose. 8. an anxious
face.
VII.
1. Так как мне думается, что не все факты известны, то я решил
написать о них. 2. Что касается моей бедной Мари, то даже вы не можете
сказать мне, где она сейчас находится. 3. Я знал, что не вы это сделали,
VIII.
1. made the acquaintance of ... 2. was a complete stranger. 3. various,
4. was against. 5. advised. 6. stared at. 7. take my advice; you’ll leave it
alone. 8. handed. 9. goes without saying. 10. (an) anxious. 11. locked.
12. awful.
IX.
1. What was the matter? 2. No matter. 3. What was the matter with your
son? 4. No matter, Annie.
X.
1. what. 2. that. 3. that. 4*. that. 5. what. 6. what. 7. that. 8. what.
XI.
1. “How old are you?” the teacher asked Annie. 2. The little boy said,
“Mother, give me something to eat (mother).” 3. “Have you decorated the
store-house with green branches?” Annixter asked his farm-hands. 4. “Yes, (we
have),” they said. 5. “Please take the envelope, sir,” the messenger said to
Annixter. 6. “Will you do something for me, Formalyn?” asked Pyecraft.
7. “No (No, I won’t),” said F. 8. “Do you want t04eat, Mr. Pyecraft?” the house
keeper asked. 9. “Yes, I do,” said P. 10. “Bring me another meal.”
203
XII.
1. Pyecraft began to talk about this fatness and about what people
advised him to do for his fatness. 2. The farmers knew what they had to do.
They understood that they had to organize a league to defend their rights.
3. I know what you are going to tell me (will tell me). 4. What is the matter
with you, Pyecraft? Why don’t you unlock the door? 5. No matter, I shall
do it in a minute.
XIII.
1. made the acquaintance of ... 2. his advice. 3. my new acquaintance.
4. was awful. 5. Leave me alone. 6. various. 7. she advised me. 8. It goes
without saying.
XIV.
1. Mr. Formalyn, a young man, made the acquaintance of M
Pyecraft at the club. 2. Pyecraft was very fat and he always spoke
(talked) about his fatness. 3. He learned from one of his friends
(acquaintances) that Formalyn had had a Hindu great-grandmother.
4. Formalyn had various Hindu prescriptions. 5. Pyecraft asked Formalyn
to give him a prescription for “loss of weight”. 6. A t first Formalyn did not
want to do it, but at last he gave in. 7. In an old box he found a prescription
for loss of weight. 8. He translated it into English and handed Pyecraft
the translation. 9. He said, “My dear Pyecraft, here is the prescription
but if you take my advice, you will leave it alone.” 10. Pyecraft thanked his
friend and promised never to speak about his fatness again no matter whatever
happened. 11. A fortnight (two weeks) later a messenger brought Formalyn a
telegram (brought a telegram to Formalyn). 12. Pyecraft asked him to come
immediately. 13. The housekeeper did not want to let in a stranger. 14. He
gave his name, she unlocked the door and let him in. 15. The housekeeper
told him that Pyecraft had locked himself in.
С П РА В О Ч Н Ы Й МАТЕРИАЛ
205
7. В простых предложениях с причастными оборотами различаютс
следующие особенности:
а) Несамостоятельный причастный оборот, стоящий в начал
предложения, всегда отделяется запятой. Когда причастный оборот
стоит в конце предложения, он запятой не отделяется:
Having finished his work, he went home. Выполнив свою работу, он пошел
домой.
Но:
He went home having finished his work.
Ho:
He wanted to start the flight at once but Он хотел начать полет тотчас же, но
was not ready. не был готов. (Подлежащее второго предло
жения отсутствует, запятая не ставится.)
206
Точка с запятой
(The Semicolon)
Как общее правило точка с запятой употребляется для обозначения
в предложении паузы более длительной, чем та, которая обычно отме
чается запятой. Обычно точка с запятой отделяет предложения, вхо
дящие в состав сложносочиненного предложения, при отсутствии сочи
нительных союзов.
The trees were uprooted by the storm; Деревья были вырваны с корнем бурей;
nearly every house was destroyed; even the town почти каждый дом был разрушен; даже
hall was seriously damaged. городская ратуша была серьезно повреж
дена.
Двоеточие
(The Colon)
Точка
(the Full Stop or Period)
Вопросительный знак
(Question Mark)
207
Восклицательный знак
(Exclamation Mark)
Кавычки
(Inverted Commas or Quotation Marks)
“Oh, Mr. Pickwick,” said Mrs. Bardell, «О, мистер Пиквик, — сказала миссис
“you’re very kind, sir.” Бардль, — вы очень добры, сэр».
Апостроф
(Apostrophe)
С ою з Примеры Перевод
and Peter took ofThis hat and coat. Петр снял шляпу и пальто.
и, а The rain stopped and they decided Дождь прекратился, и они ре
to go for a walk. шили пойти погулять.
but I saw a tall building, bat it was too Я видел высокое здание, но
но, а far away. оно было слишком далеко.
for We know her very well for she is a Мы очень хорошо ее знаем,
так как, ибо student of our group. так как она студентка нашей
группы.
both ... and Both students and teachers were Как студенты, так и препода
как..., так и present at the lecture. ватели присутствовали на лек
ции.
either ... or Either Ann or Kate will go there Либо Анна, либо Катя завтра
либо ... либо, tomorrow. пойдут туда.
или ... или
neither ... nor Neither Ann nor Kate can speak Нк Анна, ни Катя не умеют
ни ... ни French. говорить по-французски.
210
§ 69. ПОДЧИНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СОЮЗЫ И СОЮЗНЫЕ СЛОВА
Д ополни Союзы
тельное that что 1 see that the boy is Я вижу, что мальчик го
hungry. лоден.
whether (if) ли I don’t know whether (if) Я не знаю, придут ли онь:
they will come in time. вовремя.
who кто He knows who will go on Он знает, кто поедет i:
the expedition to the north. экспедицию на север.
what что Ann will certainly do Анна, конечно, сделает
what you ask her to do. то, что вы просите ее где- ;
лать.
where где I know where Mary lives. Я знаю, где ж и в ег М.*ри.
why почему Now I understand why he Теперь я понимаю, по
is angry with me. чему он на меня сердит.
Обстоятель Союзы
ственное when когда When I come home, I Когда я прихожу до
времени usually rest. мой, я обычно отдыхаю.
as soon as как R ing me up as soon as you Позвоните мне, как
только и др. come home. только придете домой.
'
211
Продолжение
til! (until) пока, Wait for me here until 1 i Подождите меня здесь,
до тех пор пока come back. | пока я (не) вернусь.
before перед тем 1 shall write you a letter Я напишу вам письмо
как before 1leave for Sochi. перед тем, как я поеду в
Сочи.
after после того I’ll give you the book Я дам вам эту книгу пос
как after I have read it. ле того, как прочитаю ее.
while пока, While 1 was translating В то время как я перево
в то this article, 1 learned a few дил эту с гатыо, я выучил
время как new words. несколько новых слов.
since с тех пор I have not seen him since Я не видел его с тех пор,
как we finished school. как мы кончили школу.
as когда, в то
время как
Обстоятель where где, куда They landed where the Они высадились там,
ственное river ran into the sea. где река впадала в море.
места
wherever куда Wherever they went they Куда бы они ни ходили,
бы ни, где бы were welcome. их везде радушно прини
ни мали.
212
Продолжение
213
П р и м е ч а н и е : Перед исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе
вместо all часто употребляется whole. Артикли а и the ставятся перед whole.
214
Продолжение
215
Продолжение
216
Продолжение
217
Продолжение
rwoke r woken
wake будить, просыпаться
W aked W aked
wear wore worn носить, изнашивать
weave wove woven ткать
weep wept wept плакать
win won won выигрывать
wind wound wound заводить (часы); виться
withdraw withdrew withdrawn отдергивать; брать назад
write wrote written писать
Сводная таблица
Past 1. Когда нужно показать, что They had M illed the plan by the fifth
Perfect даное действие закончилось к како o f December. Они выполнили план
му-то моменту в прошлом. Момент, к пятому декабря.
до которого совершилось действие, By that time they had already received
часто выражен обстоятельствен the letter. К этому времени они уже по
ным словом с предлогом by. лучили письмо.
2. Когда нужно показать, что She found the book where she had
данное действие или событие пред left it. Она нашла книгу там, где она ее
шествовало другому действию или оставила.
событию в прошлом. Более позднее She thanked him for what he had done
действие выражено глаголом в Past for her. Она поблагодарила его за то,
Indefinite. что он для нее сделал.
Future 1. Когда нужно показать, что Come on Т uesday; by that time I shall
Perfect речь идет о будущем действии, have finished my work. Приходите во
которое должно закончиться до вторник, к этому времени я закончу
определенного момента в будущем. свою работу.
2. Когда речь идет о будущем 1shall have written all the letters before
действии*, которое совершается до my sister returns. Я уже напишу все
другого действия в будущем. письма, до того как вернется моя
сестра.
Глагол to say остается без изменения, если за ним не указано лицо, к котором)
обращена речь.
She says, “I like swimming.” She says that she likes swimming.
They say, “We are glad to see you.” They say that they are glad to see us
(me).
She says, “I wish you good luck.” She says that she wishes me (us, them,
him, her) good luck.
220
5. При обращении прямой речи в косвенную происходит сдви
времен согласно правилу согласования времен в дополнительном при
даточном предложении (если глагол в главном предложении имеет
форму прошедшего времени)», например:
221
6. Времена Past Perfect и Past Perfect Continuous остаются бе
изменения.
Не said, “I had finished my work by two Не said that he had finished his work by two
o’clock.” o’clock.
Он сказал: «Я окончил свою работу к Он сказал, что он окончил свою работу к
двум часам». двум часам.
Не said, “I had been sitting on the steps of Не said that he had been sitting on the steps
the house for nearly an hour when my wife of the house for nearly an hour when his wife
came.” came.
Он сказал: «Я просидел на ступеньках Он сказал, что он просидел на ступеньках
дома почти час, когда моя жена пришла». дома почти час, когда его жена пришла.
She said, “I was born in I960 ” She said that she was born in I960.
Она сказала: «Я родилась в I960 году». Она сказала, что она родилась в I960 году.
The teacher said, “The Great October Social The teacher said that the Great October
ist Revolution broke oat in 1917.” Socialist Revolution broke out in 1917.
Учитель сказал: «Великая Октябрьская Учитель сказал, что Великая Октябрьская
социалистическая революция произошла социалистическая революция произошла
в 1917 году». в 1917 году.
She asked me, “W here do уои work?” She asked me where I worked.
Ann asked the girl, “What is your name?” Ann asked the girl what her name was.
I asked my brother, “Why have you come I asked my brother why he had come so late.
so late?”
222
9. Общий вопрос в косвенной речи присоединяется к главном
вводящему предложению посредством союзов whether или if, соответ
ствующих по значению частице «ли» в русском языке. В косвенных
вопросах сохраняется прямой порядок слов. Замена глагольных времен,
местоимений, наречий времени и места производится согласно пунк
там 4 и 5.
Не asked the girl, “Have you received my He asked the girl if (whether) she had received
letter?” his letter.
Mother said to us, “Be in time for supper.” Mother told us to be in time for supper.
Victor said, “Go there at once.” Victor asked him to go there at once.
The instructor said to the children, “Don’t The instructor ordered the children not to
jump into the water.” jump into the water.
The boy said, “Mother, don’t be angry with The boy begged his mother not to be angry
me.” with hiwi.
Mother said to us, “Do not get up so late.” Mother told us not to get up so late.
223
§ 75. СПИСОК СЛОВ, ТРЕБУЮЩИХ
ОПРЕДЕЛЕННОГО ПРЕДЛОГА
224
Failure in something Introduce a person to a person
Fall from a height Invisible to the «ye
Fall in love with a person Invite to dinner
Fall on (=attack) the enemy Join a party
Familiar to someone Join (in) a game, conversation, etc.
Familiar with something Join one thing to another
Famous for something J udge (v) from reports
Fight for one’s country Judge (v) a man by something
Fit (adj) for use Jump at (= eagerly accept) something
Fortunate for anyone Keep from wine
Free (v) a person from (of) a duty Keep to anything
Free (adj) to do something Key to a mystery
Friendly to someone Key to (oD a door
Frighten into doing something Kind to anyone
Frightened at something Kind of you to do that
Get at (=reach) something Know of a person (by report)
Get to one’s journey’s end Land at a place
Get out of debt Land on a coast
Get over an illness Land in a country
Get on with one’s work Laugh at something
Good for some purpose Lecture (n) on a subject
Good to (towards) anyone Lecture (n) in a science
Good at telling a story Live on one’s salary
Good of you to do that Love (n) of adventure
Grow from (out of, in) the ground Make sure of something
Grow to any size (height) Meet with an accident
Hand to anyone Necessary for some purpose
Hard for someone to do something Need for (be in need of) assistance
Hate (n) for anything Object (v) to a proposal
Hated by someone for something Opposite to one’s opinion
Hateful to anyone Painful to one’s feelings
Hatred of (for) a person Pale with fear
Hear of (about) an event Pass by a man's door
Hear from someone Pleasant to anyone
Help someone over a difficulty Pressed for money
Help a person to something (e.g. cake, soup, Progress (n) in study
etc.) Proud of one’s country
Hide something from a person Put in (into) practice
Honest in one's dealings Quick at mathematics
Hope (v) for something Read in (from) a book
Hope (n) for (of) better luck Ready with some work
Hopeful of success Remark (n) on (about) something
Important for anyone to know Rob a person of something
Important to anyone Rude (be rude) to someone
Impossible for anyone to do it Run to (towards) a place
Improve in knowledge Separate from something
In accordance with a rule Set in order
Incapable of anything Set to work
Independent of anything Sick of life
Intended for someone Suffer from an illness
Interest (v) someone in something Tired of anything
Interest (n) in a subject or a person Turn to someone for help
Interested in something Useful for a purpose
Interesting to someone Warn someone of danger
Introduce a thing into a country Write on a subject
VOCABULARY
All words are given only in the meaning found in the text. The number indicates the
lesson in which a word first appears either in the “Words and Word Combinations” or in
notes, poems, additional texts, etc.
ABBREVIATIONS
a adjective имя прилагательное
adv adverb наречие
attr attributive атрибутивное употребление (в качестве определения)
cj conjunction союз
int interjection междометие
n noun имя существительное
pi plural множественное число
predic predicative предикативное употребление (в качестве именной части сказуемого)
prep preposition предлог
pron pronoun местоимение
sing singular единственное число
si slang сленг, жаргон
v verb глагол
w. comb, word combination словосочетание
(-РР-) указывает на удвоение конечной согласной глагола: stop, stopped, stopping
Русские сокращения
226
advertisement [ad'vartismant] n 5 объявле to be out of breath w. comb. 8 запыхаться,
ние, реклама задыхаться
advice [ad'vais] n 9 совет, наставление briskly ['bnskli] adv проворно, живо
advise [ad'vaiz] v 9 советовать burn [Ьэ:п] v 1 {past, p.p. burnt [bo.nt])
agricultural ^aegri'kAltf эгэ1] a 4 сельско гореть, сжигать
хозяйственный, земледельческий to burn down w. comb, сгореть (сжигать)
agriculture ['aegrikAltSa] n 4 сельское хо дотла
зяйство bury ['ben] v 1 хоронить; прятать
ancient ['einjant] a 2 древний
anniversary [,aenrvd:s3ri) n 1 годовщина
С
annual ['aenjualj a 4 ежегодный, годичный,
годовой call [кэ:1] v 2 заходить (за кем-л. — for)
annually ['aenjuali] adv 4 ежегодно саге [кеэ] v 7 питать интерес, интересо
ant [aentj n 8 муравей ваться (кем-л., чем-л. —for)
apprentice I a'prentis] n ученик; v 6 отдавать cash payment ['kaej 'peimant] 7 платеж на
в учение личными
area ['еэп э) n 4 район; пространство, тер caste [ka:st] n 6 каста
ритория celebration [,seirbreijon] n 1 празднование
arrow ['aerou) п 2 стрела, стрелка certain ['so :tn] a attr 5 определенный,
ashamed [У jeim d) a predic 6 пристыженный некоторый; predic 5 уверенный
to be (feel) ashamed of и: comb, сты to be (feel) certain w. comb, быть уве
диться чего-л. ренным
assistant [a'sistant] n 7 помощник, ассис change [tjeind3] n 5 перемена, изменение
тент, заместитель (кого-л. —to smbj for a change для разнообразия
astonish [3s't;>ni[] v удивлять, изумлять check [tjek] v 7 сдерживать, приостанав
attend [a'tend] v 6 обслуживать ливать
automobile ['o :tomsbi:l] n 2 автомобиль cheque [tf ek] n 7 чек
avenue ['aevinju:] n 1 амер. широкая улица, chief [t{i:t] n 5 начальник, шеф; a 7 глав
проспект ный
awful [o.ful] a 9 ужасный chime [t[ aim] n 1 набор колоколов; v 1 вы
бивать мелодию
clasp [kla:sp] v 4 обнимать
В
clerk [kla:k] n 7 чиновник, клерк
balcony ['baelkani] n 2 балкон clown [klaun] n 5 клоун
balloon [Ьэ'1и:п] n 9 воздушный шар cofferdam ['kofadaem] n 4 перемычка
barren ['Ьаегэп] n 4 бесплодный, неплодо colossal [k a'b sal] a 8 колоссальный, гро
родный (о земле) мадный
barren desert ['dezotj w. comb. 4 бесплод column ['кэ1эт] n 5 столбец, колонка
ная пустыня (в книге, газете)
base [beis] n 4 основание come on! int 7 послушайте!
bazaar [ ba'za:] n 6 восточный базар, рынок complete [k3m'pli:t] v 4 заканчивать, за
beard [biod] n 6 борода вершать; a 4 полный, законченный
beaver [ 'b i : v;>] n 6 зоол. бобр completion [kom'pli.jan] n 4 завершение,
behave [bi'heiv] v 9 поступать, вести себя окончание
beyond [bi'jond] prep 3 вне, сверх, выше complexion [kom 'plekjan] n 9 цвет лица
it is beyond me w. comb. 3 это выше моего confidential [,kDnfj'denj3l] a 6 конфиден
понимания циальный, доверительный
bicycle ['baisiklj n 6 велосипед conscience ['krm jans] n 5 совесть
bill [bil] n 3 законопроект a fit of conscience ирон. приступ созна
blast [bla: st] v 4 взрывать тельности
board [ba:dj n 1 правление, совет construction [kan'strAkjon] n 4 строитель
book-keeper ['buk,ki:pa] n 7 бухгалтер ство, стройка
boss [bos] n 7 хозяин, предприниматель; convince [kan'vins] v 6 убеждать
амер. руководитель местной полити countryside ['kAntrt'said] n 2 местность
ческой организации (сельская)
boulevard ['bu:Iva:J п 1 бульвар; амер. county ['kaunti] n 7 округ
широкая улица, обсаженная деревьями' course [ko.s] n 4 русло, течение
brake [breik] п 8 тормоз court {ko:t] n 6 суд
branch [bra: nt j] n 8 ветвь, ветка create [krir'eit] v 4 создавать, творить
breath [breO] n 8 дыхание, вздох crime [kraipi] n 3 преступление
227
to commit a crime u\ comb, соверш иi l etc. = etcetera 11t'setrn| I шт. и так далее,
преступление и прочее
criminal f'kriminlj n 3 преступник; а пре exactly |H)'/aektli| adv 6 точно, как раз
ступный
cruelty ['kruolti] n 7 жестокость
¥
cultivated | k\ 1trvcitleij a 4 обработанная,
возделанная (земли) fact jficklj п 5 факт; дело
customs ['kAstom/J n pi 2 таможенный in fact на самом деле, в действитель
досмотр ное I и
fantastic ffacn'fccstikl а 2 фантастический,
удивительный
1) farm-hand |Т а.mhicnd| п 8 сельскохозяй
dam [diem] n 4 плотина, дамба ственный рабочий
dawn [dл;nj n 5 рассвет fatness I'luetnis) полнота
death-rate [Ч1свrcit| n 3 смертность, про fear [Ол| п 6 страх, бояш ь; v бояться
цент смертности fence (lens) п I табор, инородь; ограда
decent ['dhsntj a 7 приличный, подхо five-pointed I'laiv'p^iptid] а I пятиконечный
дящ ий fix (tiksj v 8 устанавливать, натначать
decorate ['dekoreitj v 8 украш ав, декори (времч, цену, срок)
ровать flat Jfijct) а 2 плоский, низменный, ровный
delegate ('delimitJ n 1 делегат flood |flAd| ti 4 наводнение, наводок; v за
delight [dl'iait].v 2 восхищать топлять, ттаводнять
to be delighted восхищаться float (tlout) v 9 планаIь, всплывать
deputy ['depjutij n 1 депутат floor |!Ъ :| п 2 пол, лаж
desert ['dezat| n 3 пус 1ыня floor manager |'rm cn u h p | 2 дежурттыи(ая)
deserted [di'z.**: tic!) attr l пустынный по лаж у (в гостинице)
despair [dis'pt-^j n 6 отчаяние flow [Пои]' п 4 разлив (реки)
to be in despair быть в о т а я н и и fl> | f1а11 V’ 3 (past flew |llu.j, p.p. flown
device [dl'vaisj n 8 механитм, устройство, (lloun|) Jieiaib; y<>. развеваться
орудие fly-specked I'flaispektJ a 3 засиженный му
disc [disk] n 9 диск, круг хами
discuss [dis'k/\sj v обсуждать fool jlu.lj n 5 дурак, тлупец
discussion |dis'k л J^n| n 3 обсуждение foot 11ut| n 1 основание, подножие
disgrace [dis^reis] n } по юр (для кою-л. — at the foot of у подножия
to) force (fr>;s| /I 4 сила; v6 заставлял», вынуж
disorder jdis'.i.dnj n 9 беспорядок дать
district j'distriktj n 6 район, округ fortnight [TrtnaUl n 9 две недели
district court районный (окружной) суд fortress [' Гг»:tris|| n 1 крепость
diversion fdai'vo; n 4 отвод found | Гаund| v I закладывать основание;
diversion canal о (водной канал основыва! ь
(to) do without w. comb. 5 обходиться бет fraud (Ir.vd) n 5 мошенничество, обман
кого-л., чего-л. fraudulent |T r.\d ju b n t| a 5 обманный,
dress up l'd re s4 p | v 6 нарядить(ся), раз мошеннический
одеться) frontier (Тг\пИэ| n 4 i раница
drive [draivj v 7 (past drove jdrouvj, p.p.
driven ['drivn|) гнать, преследовать G
giant I'd.WontJ a 1 т hi ан к кий, исполинский
E gift |<)llt| n 4 подарок, дар
eager I'r tp ] a 7 полный сичьною желания give in |'<tiv'in| v 8 уступал,, сдаваться
to be eager очень хоють, сильно желать (кому .i to smb.)
чего-л. go up Г<)ои'лр| v 7 подниматься, расти
educated ['edjukeitldj а 6 образованный (о ценах)
elder f'eid^j п 6 старейшина, п р! старые (it) goes without saying и. comb. 9 само собой
люди, старшие, старейшины pa зумоется
embankment (im'bierjkfn^ntj п 2 набережная good |<)udj a (> способный (к чему-л. —at)
enthusiasm (in' 9ju:zuezm] п 6 жтузиатм good |<)ud| n 7 добро, ноль та
entrance ['entrrmsj п I вход (в - to) what's the good? какой смысл?
envelope ('envjJoupJ n 8 конверт governor | ' 9 avnnл| n 4 губернатор
envy ('envij v b танидовать grain l^reinj n 8 зерно
228
grandstand I'graend'staend] n 1 трибуна, место judgement ['.d3 \d 3 irK>nt] п 5 мнение, взгляд
для зрителей use your judgement на ваше усмотрение
granite ['graenit] n 4 гранит
grasshopper ['9ra:s,hDp3] n кузнечик К
grateful ['9reitful] a 4 благодарный kick [kik] v 9 ударять ногой, брыкаться
guide [gaid] n 3 проводник, гид, экскурсо
king [kio] п 4 король
вод
H L
229
Matted ['maetid] a 4 спутанный (о волосах) path [ра:0] п 3 тропинка, дорожка, троп^
mechanism ['meksnizm] п 1 механизм, perfection [pa'fek jan] п 6 совершенство
устройство model of perfection образец совершенства
— ««eager ['mesind^a] n 8 посыльный, performance [p.Vfbimons] n театральное
курьер представление, спектакль
miserable ['mizorobl] а 3 жалкий, несча Pharaoh ['fearou] n 4 фараон
стный, убогий pipe [paip] n 5 трубка (курительная)
misery ['mizDriJ л 3 нищета, бедность, plagne [pleig] n 6 чума
убогость plain [plein] a 6 простой, понятный
ч — t [maunt] v 1 устанавливать, монти plot [pint] n 7 участок земли
ровать; 6 влезать, взбираться point [pDint] n 1 место, пункт; точка
I# шлмаЛ a bicycle сесть на велосипед v 2 указывать, показывать
Mwcovite ['тлвкэуаЛ] n 1 москвич(ка) polkcman [p<Vli:smon] п 6 полицейский,
mnslcian [m ju:'zijon] n 8 музыкант полисмен
mvtaal ['mjurtjual] а 8 обоюдный, взаим possess [pa'zes] v 7 обладать, владеть
ный poverty ['povati] п 3 бедность
power ['раиэ] п 4 сила, мощность, энер
N гия
power-station ['pau^steiian] п 4 электро
naked ['neikid] а 6 голый, нагой станция
M tta i ['nelson] п 3 народ, нация, страна, prescription [pris'kripjsn] п 9 рецепт
государство pretty ['priti] adv 5 Р<*зг. вполне, доволь
national ['пае(эпэ1] а 3 национальный, на но, достаточно
родный, государственный pretty well w. c o m b , довольно, хорошо,
Mhre f'neitiv] а 4 родной достаточно
native land родная страна, родина prince [prins] п 1 князь
Mtive f'neitiv] n 3 уроженец, туземец principality [,prinsi'paeliti] п 1 княжество
м м ['ni.rmj п 2 хим. неон; attr неоновый prison ['prtzn] п 6 тюрьма
■ m r ['nevoj adv 3 никогда prisoner ['рпгэпэ] п 9 заключенный
■ever mind ничего, пустяки; не обра private office ['praivit 'ofts] 7 личный каби
щайте внимания, не беда нет
ве4 [nod] v (-dd-) 5 кивать головой problem ['problnm] n 4 проблема, вопрос,
(в знак согласия или приветствия) задача
to solve the problem разрешить проблему
О
project [#prDd3 ekt] n 4 проект, осуществля
емое строительство
ФССш [э'кэ:] v (-гг-) случаться, происхо protect [pra'tekt] v 3 защищать, предохра
дить; приходить на ум нять (от чего-л. —from)
nclapns ['эк1эрэз] п 7 зоол. осьминог, спрут protection [pro'tekjan] п 8 защита ( о т -
official [.Yfijal] n 6 чиновник, служащий from)
f tf itiea [,л р o'rei ^ n] п 4 действие, работа pnblish ['p\blil] v 3 издавать (книгу, жур
to pat Into operation ввести в действие нал), публиковать
option ['эр j on] n 7 преимущественное право pnil [pul] v 8 тянуть, тащить, дергать
(на покупку) pnsh [puj] v 2 толкать; продвигать(ся),
organize [\vgr>naiz] v 8 организовывать, проталкиваться)
устраивать pot off ['put':>f) v 7 откладывать, перено
originally [.Yndjinoli] adv \ первоначально сить на другое время
orthodox ['aiOodr»ks] a 6 ортодоксальный, pyramid ['piramid] п 4 пирамида
правоверный
own [oun] v 7 иметь, владеть, обладать
owner ['оипэ} п 7 владелец, хозяин Q
qneen [kwi;n] п 4 королева
Р qnene [kju:] п 3 очередь, «хвост»
pantheon [paen'Gi; эп] п 1 пантеон
paper ['peipo] п 3 обои; v оклеивать обо
ями
R
paper-hanger ['peipo, hseip] п 3 обойщик rag [г®д] п 6 тряпка; pi лохмотья
part [part] п 1 часть; п pi в край, мест rage [reid3 ] п 6 ярость
ность ragged ['raegid] а 3 одетый в лохмотья
230
railroad ['reilroud] n 7 амер. железная side [said] п 8 сторона, край
дорога on either side по обе стороны
rapidly ['raepiflli] adv 1 быстро sidewalk ['saidwo.k] п 2 тротуар
rate [reit] n 3 норма; темп, скорость sign [sain] п 2 вывеска
read [ri:d] v 2 (past, p.p. read [red]) гласить neon ['ni.on] sign неоновая вывеска
recite [ri'sait] v 2 декламировать silence ['sqilans] п 8 молчание, тишина
regrade [n'9reid] n 8 переоценка silhovette ^silu'et] п силуэт
reply [ri'plai] n ответ; v 7 отвечать sit back ['sit'baek] v 5 ( past, p.p. sat [saet])
report [ri'paitj v 1 рапортовать, докладывать откидываться на спинку (стула, кресла
restore [ris'to:] v 1 восстанавливать, рес и т. п.)
таврировать site [salt] п 1 местонахождение; участок
retired [ri'taiad] a 6 отставной; находя slam [slaem] v (-mm-) 7 со стуком закры
щийся в отставке вать (дверь и т. п.), захлопывать(ся)
a retired officer офицер в отставке sleeve [sli.v] п 8 рукав
rhythm [riOm] п 6 ритм slum [$1лт] п 3 трущоба
ride [raid] v 6 (past rode [roud], p.p. ridden soil [soil] п 4 почва, земля
['ridn]) ехать верхом; ехать (в трамвае, top soil верхний слой почвы
автобусе, на велосипеде) solve [solv] v 4 решать; разрешать (проб
roar [го:] v 6 реветь, орать лему и т. п.)
to roar with laughter хохотать во все space [speis] п 2 пространство, место
горло spire ['spaP] п 2 ш пиль, острие
rob [rob] v (-bb-) грабить spirits ['spirits] п pi 8 настроение, душев
ronnd [raund] v 6 обход ное состояние
to do the roand делать обход (клиентов, splendid ['splendid] а 6 великолепный, рос
больных и т. п.) кошный
inby ['ru:bi] п 1 рубин; attr. рубиновый, spoke [spouk] п 1 спица колеса
ярко-красный spotless ['spotlis] а 2 без единого пятныш
rain [Tru:in] п 8 гибель, крах, разорение; ка, зд. безукоризненно чистый
v разорять, губить, разрушать spread [spred] v 6 {past, p.p. spread) рас
rash [гл|] v 6 мчаться, бросаться (прочь — пространяться), разносить(ся)
off, away) squeeze [skwi;z] v 7 сдавливать, стиски
вать
stamp [stsemp] v 9 штамповать
S
stand [st«nd] v 8 (past, p.p. stood [stud])
safe [self] n 9 сейф выдерживать, терпеть
sale [sell] n 8 продажа starch [start j ] v 6 крахмалить
to be for (on) sale продаваться, посту stare [stco] v 5 смотреть пристально (на —
пать в продажу •t)
seat [si:t] n 1 местонахождение; место starvation [sta 'v eijsn ] n 4 голодание, го
пребывание лод
the seat of the government местонахож state [steit] v 4 заявлять, утверждать
дение правительства statement ['steitmont] n заявление, утверж
sensation [sen'sei jn] n 8 сенсация дение
serve [s;vv] v 4 служить; быть полезным; steadily ['stedili] adv 1 неуклонно
обслуживать step [step] n 2 шаг, ступенька; v шагать,
session ['se S?n] n заседание ступать
settle ['setl] v поселиться, обосноваться stinky ['stigki] a 3 зловонный
sew [sou] v 9 (past sewed [soud], p.p. sewn store-house ['sto.haus] n 8 склад, амбар
[sounp шить stranger ['streind 3 o] n 9 незнакомец, по
shake [\eik] v 2 (past shook [juk], p.p. сторонний человек
shaken [') eikn]) трясти strategic [str3'ti:d3ik] a 1 стратегический
to shake hands with пожать руку, об a strategic point стратегический пункт
меняться рукопожатием stretch [stret j ] v 4 простираться, тянуться,
shock [{эк] п 9 удар, потрясение вытягиваться
shorts i J 3:ts] п pi 6 короткие брюки; шор stride [straid] v 4 (past strode [stroud], p.p.
ты, трусы, трусики stridden ['stndn]) делать большие шаги
show-window [ 'jou,windou] п 3 витрина; string [stng] n 5 ряд
показная сторона strip [strip] n 4 узкая полоска
shrug [(гл 9 ] v (-gg-) 3 пожимать плечами striped [straipt] a 6 полосатый
sickle ['sikIJ п 4 серп
231
stroll [stroulj n прогулка; v 3 прогуливать U
ся, бродить
underclothes [4ndoklouftz] n p i 9 нижнее
stroller ['stroiiIэ] n 3 i уляю щ ии
белье
structure ['strAktjn] n 1 здание, сооружение under-employed ['\nd:>rim'pbKi| a 7 не п ол
suite [swi:t] n 2 номер в гостинице, со- ностью занятый (рабочий)
стоящ ий и» нескольких комнат
uneducated ( ' \n'edjukeitid| а 6 необраю ван-
superior [sju:'pi,*»nbj а 6 недосягаемый, сто ный, неученый
я щ и й выш е, лучш ий
unique |ju:'ni:kJ а I уникальным
supply [s.Vplai] я 4 сн абжен ие; техн. подача; unity ['ju.niti] п 1 ед инен ие, единст во
v снабжать (чем-л. — with); техн. п о д а
unkempt I'Aii'kempt] а 6 нечесаный
вать, подво ди т ь (ток, воду, e at и т . п.)
upside down [ ' \psaid'daunj adv 9 перевер
suppose [sVpoUzJ v 5 предпол аг ать, п о л а
нутый вверх дном , вверх ногами
гать, думать, допускать
use [j u :s] n 7 ноль га, смысл
swear [swf.o] v 9 ( p a s t swore [swd:], p .p . used [ju:stj a 2 привы чный
sworn [sw.vn]) ругаться; клясться to get used привыкнуть (к — to)
symbolize ['simbolaizj v 1 символизи ровать
V
vagrancy ['veigmnsi] n 5 бродяжничество
vain [vein] a 5 пне т ы н , напрасный
Г in vain и. comb, напрасно, гщетно
tablet I'taeblit] n д о щ еч к а с над пись ю various ['vr.orins] a 9 различный, разный,
technician [tek'nij.m ] « 4 техник разнообразя ый
tentacle [Чел! ^kl] n 8 з о и л, щ упал ьце vast [vast] a 2 о бш и р н ы й , 1 ро мадный
terminus ( 4 a m in o s] n 1 конец, конечная very I'ven] a 7 самый, тот самый
станция (ж .0., т рам вайная, авт обусная volume j'vnljum] n 4 о б ь е м
и т. п .)
thief [0i:f| п 7 ( p i thieves [Oi;vz|> вор W
threaten f'Oretn] v6 угрожать
tool [tu: 1] я б рабочий инструм еш (ручной) wander ['w.Mid.)] v бродить, странствовать
top soil [Члр soil] n 4 верх ний слой почвы watchword ['wMj w.vdj n 8 девиз
total ['toutlj a 6 весь, о бщ и й wave [weiv] v 2 Maxaib (платком, рукой),
tower ['tailo] n I баш ня сде ла!Ь ж а к рукой
trading post ['treidi ljpoust] 1 торт овы й иунк г weight [welt] п \ \ иря
truth [tru:0] n 9 правда welcome ['wclkom] int 2 добро пожаловать;
tunnel [ 't \ n l | n ] туннель v 2 приве1С1вовагь
turban f‘b:bn) n 6 тюрбан wheel [wi.l] п 1 колесо
twilight ['twailait] n 1 сумерки willing ['wilni] а 1 ю т о в ы й (сделат ь что-л.,
typewritten ['taip'riln] a 5 нап исанный на помочь)
маш инке willingly ['wilipli] adv Ь охотно, с готов
tyranny ['liranij n тирания, деспотизм ностью
ПРЕДМЕТНЫЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ
1И1ФРЫ О Б О ЗН А Ч А Ю Т П АРАГРАФ Ы
Американская лексика 18
А р 1 икль оп ределенный,
при <>1 раничивающем о п ределении 36
при описательном опред ел ен ии 35
упо1реблсние с названиями город ов и и ран при нал ичии о грани ч и ваю щ его
оп редел ен и я 16
Артикл ь, отсутствие
в н е к о ю р м х устойчивых фразеол огических сочетаниях 17
в п редлож н ых оборотах в функции обстоятельства 46
Артикль, употребление
перед именами существ ител ьными в функц ии п ри л о ж ени я 7
с именами собственными 6
перед именами существ ител ьными в п ритяж ательном падеже 30, пункт 6
с сущ еств ительным town 45
Артикл ь, место 70
Н
Букв енные сокращения 53
В
Времена глаг ольны е
группы Indefinite в града тельном залоте:
образование форм 5
употребление (краткии обзор) 12
Осо бенности употребления страд ательного залога
в английском языке 13
Перевод пассивных конструкций на русский язык 14
У потребление Present Indefinite дл я о б о ш л ч е н и я бу дущ ег о времени 15
Времена труппы Perfect:
Образование форм 25
Употребление Future Perfect 29
Past Perfect 34
Present Perfect 26
Present Perfect и Past Indefinite 27
Present Perfect для обо значения будущег о времени 28
Ф орма Future-in-the-Past 48
Времена, остающиеся без и зм ен ен ия при обращ ен и и прям ой
речи в косвенную 58
Времена, правило согласования времен 47
Случаи, когда правило согласования времен
не соблю дает ся 49
233
г
Г лагол
категория времени 2
категория залога, действительный 4, пункт 1
страдательный 4, пункт 2
личные и неличные формы 1
основные формы 1, пункт 2
переходные и непереходные 3
Г лагол have got, различные значения 38
run и read в новом значении 50
Глагольные времена см. Времена глагольные
3
Залог: действительный 4, пункт 1
страдательный 4, пункт 2
Особенности употребления страдательного залога
в английском языке 13
Перевод пассивных конструкций на русский язык 14
И
Интернациональные слова 23
Интонация
вводных слов и предложений 60
Употребление мелодий I и II 20
К
Категория
времени 2
залога 2
Количественные числительные в функции имен существительных 9
Косвенная речь 54—58, 61—63
Л
Личные и неличные формы глагола 1
«Ложные друзья переводчика» 10
М
Мелодия I и II, употребление 20
Чередование в сложных предложениях 39
Местоимение неопределенное one 21
Место артикля 70
Н
Наречие, образование 51
Неопределенное местоимение one 21
О
Образование форм времен группы Indefinite
в страдательном залоге 5
Образование форм группы Perfect 25
формы Future-in-the-Past 48
Обращение прямой речи в косвенную,
правила 54, 55
234
вопросительных предложений 61, 62
повелительных предложений 63
повествовательных предложений 56
замена времен в придаточном предложении 57
Орфография сложных слов 19
Особенности употребления страдательного залога
в английском языке 13
Отрицание, относящееся к отдельному члену предложения 64
Отсутствие артикля 17, 46
П
Перевод
«Ложные друзья переводчика» 10
пассивных конструкций 14
препозитивных, атрибутивных словосочетаний 43
слов nation, magazine 24
Перенос слов, основные правила 67
Переходные и непереходные глаголы 3
Подчинительные союзы и союзные слова 69
Полностью субстантивированные прилагательные 22
Правила обращения прямой речи в косвенную 55
Предлоги to и by с числительными 31
Предлог with с глаголами, выражающими эмоции 59
Предложение сложноподчиненное 40
Препозитивные атрибутивные словосочетания, перевод 43
Придаточные предложения,
обстоятельственное времени 42
определительное 41
Прилагательное very как усиление существительного 52
Прилагательные,
субстантивированные 8, 22
superior, inferior и др. 44
Притяжательный падеж 30
Прямая и косвенная речь 54—58, 61—63
Пунктуация, краткие сведения 66
Р
Различные значения have got 38
С
Словообразован ие,
буквенные сокращения 53
префикс г е -11
словосложение 19
сокращения 37
Сложноподчиненное предложение 40
Случаи, когда правило согласования времен не соблюдается 49
Согласование времен 47
Сопоставление Present Perfect и Past Indefinite 27
Союз that и относительное местоимение what 65
Союзы, подчинительные и союзные слова 69
сочинительные 68
Существительные, имеющие одинаковую форму для
единственного и множественного числа 71
У
Ударение,
в многосложных словах 32
фразовое 33
Указания по переводу 10, 14, 24, 38, 43, 47 пункт 1, 50
Употребление времен Indefinite в страдательном залоге
краткий обзор 12
Ф
Фразовое ударение 33
Ч
Частично субстантивированные прилагательные 8
Чередование мелодий 1 и II в сложных предложениях 39
Числительные количественные в функции имен существительных 9
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
Урок 2
§ 12.Уп о треб лен ие времен Indefinite в страдательном залоге (краткий обзор) . . 31
§ 13.Осо бенности употребления с 1 р а д а 1 ел ьното залога в английском языке . . . 32
§ 14.П еревод пассивных конструкций на русский я з ы к ....................... 33
§ 15.У п о требление Present Indefinite для обо значения будущег о времени . . . . 35
§ 16.У п о тр еб лен ие артикля с названиями город ов и стран при наличии огра ни
ч и в а ю щ е ю о п р е д е л е н и я ...................................................... .................................... 36
§ 17. Отсутствие артикля в некоторых устойчивых фразеолот ических сочетаниях 37
§ 18. Американская л е к с и к а ........................................................................ 38
§ 19. Словообразование. Словосложение . . . .......................................... 42
Т е к с г : Welcome to M o s c o w ! ...................................................................................................... 45
Assignments (Lesson 2) ......................................................................................................
Урок 3
§ 20. Интонация. Употребление мелоди и I и II ................................................ 49
§ 2L Неопред еленное местоимение o n e .................................................................................... 51
§ 22. П олностью субстантивированные п р и л а г а т е л ь н ы е ...................................................... 52
§ 23. Интернациональные с л о в а ...................................................................................................... 54
§ 24. Слова nation, maga/ine. Указания по п е р е в о д у ..................................................... ~
Т е к с т : Washington Slums ................................................................................................ 58
Assignments (Lesson 3) . . . . . . .................................................................. 60
Контрольная работа № I ( А ) ............................................................................................................ 63
Контрольная работа N<> I (В) . . . . . . . . . . 65
237
Урок 4
С т и х о т в о р е н и е : The Slave’s D r e a m ............................................................................... 67
§ 25. Образование форм группы P e rfec t.................................................................................... 69
§ 26. Употребление формы Present P e rfe c t.............................................................................. 71
§ 27. Сопоставление употребления форм Present Perfect и Past In d e fin ite ..................... 74
§ 28. Употребление формы Present Perfect для обозначения будущего времени 75
§ 29. Употребление Future P e r f e c t ......................................................................................... ~
§ 30. Притяжательный п а д е ж ..................................................................................................... 76
§ 3 1 . Предлоги to и by с ч и с л и т е л ь н ы м и ............................................................................... 78
Т е к с т : Egypt’s Modern Pyramid: Aswan High D a m ......................................................... 81
Assignments (Lesson 4 ) .................................................................................................................. 84
Урок 5
§ 32. Ударение в многосложных с л о в а х .............................................................................. 89
§ 33. Фразовое у д а р е н и е ........................................................................................................... 90
§ 34. Употребление формы Past P e rfe c t.................................................................................... 91
§ 35. Артикль при описательном о п р е д е л е н и и ................................................................... 93
§ 36. Артикль при ограничивающем о п р е д е л е н и и ............................................................. 94
§ 37. Словообразование. С о к р а щ е н и я .................................................................................... 95
§ 38. Различные значения have g o t .............................................................................. 96
Т е к с т : C o n s c ie n c e ....................................................................................................................... 100
Assignments (Lesson 5 ) .................................................................................................................. 103
Урок 6
§ 39. Чередование мелодий 1 и II в сложных п р едл о ж ен и ях ............................................ 107
§ 40. Сложноподчиненное п р е д л о ж е н и е .............................................................................. —
§4 1 . Придаточное определительное п р е д л о ж е н и е ......................................................... 108
§ 42. Придаточное обстоятельственное предложение в р е м е н и ................................ 109
§ 43. Перевод препозитивных атрибутивных словосочетаний на русский язык . . 110
§ 44. Прилагательные superior, iafertar и др......................................................................... 111
§ 45. Употребление артикля с существительным t o w n ................................................. 112
§ 46. Отсутствие артикля в предложных оборотах, употребляемых в функции
обстоятельств ....................................................................................................................... —
Т е к с т : Chandu the Barber B o y ........................................................................................... 116
Assignments (Lesson 6 ) .................................................................................................................. 119
Дополнительный текст: The Barber’s Trade U n i o n .................................. . . . . 123
Контрольная работа N q 2 (A )............................................................................................................ 125
Контрольная работа № 2 ( В ) ...................................................................................................... 126
Урок 7
§ 47. Согласование в р е м е н ........................................................................................................... 129
§ 48. Образование формы F u tu re -in -th e-P ast........................................................................ 131
§ 49. Случаи, когда правило согласования времен не с о б л ю д а е т с я ........................... 132
§ 50. Глаголы run и read в новом з н а ч е н и и ........................................................................ 133
§51. Наречия, образованные от одного корня при помощи суффикса -1у и без
с у ф ф и к с а ............................................................................................................................. —
§ 52. Прилагательное very как усиление сущ ествительн ого............................................ 134
§ 53. Буквенные с о к р а щ е н и я ..................................................................................................... 135
Т е к с т : The Farmers T a l k ......................................................... ‘ ............................................... 138
Assignments (Lesson 7 ) .................................................................................................................. 142
Урок 8
Б а с н я : The Ants and the G r a s s h o p p e r ................................................................................ 146
§ 54. Прямая и косвенная р е ч ь ............................................................................................... “
§ 55. Правила обращения прямой речи в к о с в е н н у ю ....................................................... 147
§ 56. Обращение в косвенную речь повествовательных п р е д л о ж е н и й ..................... 148
§ 57. Замена времен в придаточном предложении, передающем косвенную речь 149
238
§ 58. Времена, остающиеся без изменения при обращении прямой речи в косвенную —
§ 59. Предлог with с глаголами, выражающими э м о ц и и ................................................... 150
Т е к с т : The Farmers F i g h t ............................................................................................................ 153
Assignments (Lesson 8)........................................................................................................................ 156
Урок 9
§ 60. Интонация вводных слов и п р е д л о ж е н и й ..................................................................... 160
§ 61. Обращение в косвенную речь специальных в о п р о с о в ............................................. 161
§ 62. Обращение в косвенную речь общих в о п р о с о в ........................................................ 162
§ 63. Передача в косвенной речи повелительных п р е д л о ж е н и й .................................. 163
§ 64. Отрицание, относящееся к отдельному члену п р е д л о ж е н и я ............................ 164
§ 65. Союз that и относительное местоимение w h a t............................................................... —
Т е к с т : I Make the Acquaintance of P y e c r a f t ..................................................................... 167
Assignments (Lesson 9 ) .................................................................................................................. 170
Дополнительный текст: The Truth About P y e c r a f t ......................................................... 173
Контрольная работа JSfe 3 ( A ) ....................................................................................................... 175
Контрольная работа № 3 ( В ) ....................................................................................................... 177
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