1.

Bioethics influenced by western culture

a. Right of patient to make own decision

b. Patient’s autonomy

c. Confidentiality of patient’s information

d. Priority of family support

e. Right of doctor to intervene

2. Declaration of Geneva

a. Code of conduct of medical practitioners

b. Stated in law to be followed by medical practitioners

c. Its contents have been modified for several times

d. Is influenced by cultural views

e. Modification of Hippocratic Oath

3. Unsecured child

a. Has self reliance

b. Is caused by indulgence parenting

c. Has undemanding parents

d. Has two ways communication

e. Grows into immature adult

4. Roles of nurses in hospital include

a. Conduct minor surgery

b. Teach patients about wound care

c. Protect patient’s right

d. Prescribe medication

e. Make therapeutic decision

5. Oxygen therapy

a. Is used in patients with cardiac problem

 b. Nasal cannula is used to supply low concentration of oxygen

c. Humidification is essential

d. Concentration of oxygen is monitored by pulse oximetry

e. Simple oxygen mask supplies oxygen concentration of 80%

6. Regarding cellular components

a. Plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer

b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a rough endoplasmic reticulum

c. Transport protein fuses with Golgi apparatus at its cis surface

d. Mitochondria contain circular DNA

e. Lysosome contains hydrolytic enzyme

7. Regarding brain metabolism

a. ..

b. Serotonin is formed from methionine

c. ..

d. ..

e. Substance P is a peptide neurotransmitter

8. Cells in epidermis include

a. Keratinocytes

b. Merkel’s cell

c. Kupffer cell

d. Macrophages

e. Langerhans cells

9. Fetal membrane

a. Provides protection to fetus

b. Amnion develops from syncytiotrophoblast

c. Allantois gives rise to formation of umbilical vessels

 d. Chorion frondosum forms the fetal part of placenta

e. Yolk sac gives rise to primordial germ cells

10.Transport system

a. GLUT 4 is influenced by insulin concentration

b. Na+/glucose transport requires energy

c. Glucose transport in brain is insulin dependent

d. SGLT 1 transports two sodium with one glucose at a time

e. Glucose transport needs cAMP as second messenger

11. Denaturation of protein

a. Destroy its primary structure

b. Affects its function

c. Is causes by extreme pH

d. Increase its solubility

e. Makes its digestion easier

12.Enzymes

a. Enzymes are heat stable

b. Ribozyme is a catalytic RNA

c. Is consumed after a reaction

d. ..

e. Isoenzymes are structurally similar

13.Nucleic acid

a. DNA contains uracil

b. rRNA involves in protein synthesis

c. ..

d. RNA contains equal amount of purine and pyrimidine

e. mRNA carries codon for protein synthesis

14.Periosteum

a. Is a thick vascular fibrous tissue

b. Provides site of muscle attachment

c. Present in articular surface of bone

d. Contribute to bone growth

e. Involves in formation of bone marrow

15.Brachial plexus

a. Roots arise from anterior part of anterior scalene muscle

b. Trunks in neck region

c. Cords begin at apex of axilla

d. Innervate extensor muscle of forearm by its lateral cord

e. ..

16.Knee joint

a. Is the largest synovial joint in body

b. Fibula is involved in articulation

c. Is innervated by obturator nerve

d. Its anterior cruciate ligament attached to medial femoral condyle.

e. Is unlocked by popliteus muscle

17.Femoral sheath contains

a. Superficial inguinal nodes

b. Femoral nerve

c. Femoral canal

d. Femoral artery

e. Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

18.Abdominal wall

a. Camper’s fascia is the superficial fatty fascia

 b. Periumbilical area is supplied by subcostal nerve

c. Posterior layer of rectus sheath disappear below arcuate line

d. Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle forms the internal ligament

e. Rectus abdominis muscle attached to fifth to seventh costal cartilage

19.Perineal body is the site of attachment of

a. Bulbospongiosus

b. External urethra sphincter

c. External anal sphincter

d. Iliococcygeus

e. Ischiocarvenosus

20. Regarding events involved in muscular contraction

a. Electrical impulse is transmitted down the T-tubules

b. Calcium ion binds to binding site on myosin

c. Cross-bridge activities

d. Exposure of active site of actin filament

e. Opening of voltage-gated dihydropyridine calcium channel

21.End plate potential

a. Initiated by stimulation of nicotinic receptor

b. Is a local event

c. ..

d. Electrical impulse is transmitted to adjacent membrane

e. Generate nerve action potential

22. Electron transport chain

a. Is in inner mitochondrial membrane

b. Produce high H+ concentration in mitochondrial matrix

c. has ATP synthase

 d. Oxygen is the last electron acceptor

e. Is inhibited by cyanide

23.Regarding calcium

a. 90 percent of the body store is in the muscle

b. Hypocalcemia stimulates secretion of parathyroid hormone

c. Hypercalcemia stimulates secretion of calcitonin

d. ..

e. Its intestinal absorption decreases in vitamin D deficiency

24...

25.Regarding skull

a. Foramen ovale contains accessory meningeal artey

b. Facial nerve passes through stylomastoid foramen

c. Hypoglossal nerve passes through foramen magnum

d. Ligamentum nuchae attached to external occipital crest

e. Frontal bone and internasal suture unite at nasion

26.Facial nerve

a. Its nucleus is in upper medulla

b. Nerve to stapedius branches off in facial canal

c. Chorda tympani nerve carries taste sensation from anterior two third of
tongue

d. Its parasympathetic innervations is carried by greater petrosal nerve to

submandibular gland.

e. Nervus intermedius carries somatic afferent from external acoustic

meatus.

27.Spinal nerve

a. Contains both somatic and visceral

b. Divides into ventral and dorsal branches in interventricular foramina

above sacral level.
 c. Dorsal root ganglion is multipolar neuron

d. Innervation of lower limbs is from lumbar enlargement

e. ..

28.Preganglionic fibre of parasympathetic innervations

a. Is longer than preganglionic fibre of sympathetic fibre

b. Arise from second to fourth sacral segment of spinal cord

c. Forms greater splachnic nerve

d. Ends in otic ganglion

e. Forms white communicans

29.Regarding dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway

a. First order neuron ascends in ipsilateral dorsal column

b. Decussation in lower pons

c. for proprioception

d. Neurons from upper trunk ascend in fasciculli gracilis

e. Includes the spinothalamic tract

30.Regarding neurons

a. Myelin sheath is formed by satellite cells

b. Nissl bodies is the site of protein synthesis

c. Neurotransmitter is produced in axon terminal

d. Cell body is the major biosynthetic site

e. Axon hillock generates action potential

31.Rapidly adapted receptors include

a. Nociceptor

b. Muscle spindle

c. Paccinian’s corpuscle

d. Taste receptor
 e. proprioceptor

32.Amino acids that are neurotransmitter include

a. Alanine

b. Glutamic acid

c. Valine

d. Methionine

e. glycine

33.Ketone bodies

a. Supply energy to brain during starvation

b. ..

c. ..

d. ..

e. Long chain fatty acids in circulation is a source of energy for brain

tissue

34.Folic acid

a. Loosely bound to plasma protein

b. Is required for normal formation of DNA

c. Requirement increases in hemolysis

d. Is absorbed in terminal ileum

e. Is unaffected by cooking

35.Rhesus antibody

a. Is a natural occurring antibody

b. Produced during neonatal period

c. Crosses placenta

d. IgG

e. Binds to complement

36.Lymph nodes
 a. Present in cranial cavity

b. Produce lymphocytes

c. Its convex surface receives afferent lymphatic vessels

d. Its medullary sinus is continuous from trabecular sinus

e. Its stroma is formed from epithelial reticular cells

37.Red blood cell metabolism includes

a. Carbon dioxide production

b. Anaerobic glycolysis

c. 2.3-Diphosphoglycerate production

d. Oxidative phosphorylation

e. Glutathione metabolism

38.Platelet

a. arises from fragmentation of megakaryocytes

b. formation is influenced by erythropoietin

c. its life span is normally 3 months

d. Glycoprotein is an important structure for its binding to vessels wall

e. Von Wille Band factor is required for its adhesion

39.Blood supply of the heart

a. Left coronary artery branches from left posterios aortic sinus

b. Diagonal artery is a branch of circumflex artery

c. Posterior interventrivular artery arises from circumflex artery in left

dominance

d. Anterior interventricular artery supplies ventricular septum

e. Anterior cardiac vein drains into right atrium

40.Regarding development of the heart

a. Left horn of sinus venosus develop into left atrium

b. Annulus ovalis represents the lower edge of septum secundum

 c. Valves of coronary sinus develop from valves of venous

d. Infundibulum of right ventricle arises from conus

e. Atrioventricular endocardial cushion develop from muscular part of

interventricular septum

41.Fetal circulation

a. Septum secundum forms the flap-like valves of foramen ovale

b. Right atrial pressure is higher than left atrial pressure

c. Ductus arteriosus carries blood from arch of aorta to pulmonary artery

d. Oxygen concentration in right ventricle is higher than left ventricle

e. Placenta is the structure of gaseous exchange

42.Blood pressure

a. Is measured from Korotkoff’s sounds

b. Is a measurement of blood oncotic pressure

c. ..

d. Increases during exercise

e. Differs with posture

43.End diastolic pressure of the heart increases when

a. Increase in venous return

b. Increase in intrathoracic pressure

c. Increase in skeletal muscle activity of lower limb

d. Increase in blood volume

e. Change of posture from lying to standing

44.Electrical activity of the heart

a. ..

b. Ventricles depolarized from epicardial to endocardial muscles

c. Interventricular septum depolarized from left to right

d. AV node has slowest transmission

 e. ..

45.Pulmonary blood flow is influenced by

a. Intrathoracic pressure

b. Respiration rate

c. Sympathetic innervation

d. High lung volume

e. Anatomical dead space

46.Regarding bronchial tree of lungs

a. Carina is at the level of sternal angle

b. Intrapulmonary bronchi is supported by C-shaped cartilage

c. Left main bronchus crosses inferiorly to arch of aorta

d. Right main bronchus is more vertical than left main bronchus

e. Parasympathetic stimulation causes bronchoconstriction

47. Regarding histology of respiratory system

a. Trachea is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

b. Bronchi is lined by simple columnar epithelium

c. Vocal fold is lined by stratified squamous epithelium

d. Alveolar macrophages are found in interalveolar septum

e. Type II alveolar epithelial cells secrete surfactant

48.Regarding the larynx

a. Cricoid cartilage is at the level of sixth cervical vertebra

b. Laryngeal vestibule lies between vestibular folds and vocal folds

c. Rima glottidis is an opening between vocal folds

d. Vocal ligament arises from apex of arytenoids cartilage

e. Vocalis is supplied by inferior laryngeal nerve

49.Surfactant
 a. Is a mucopolypeptide

b. Decreases surface tension of alveoli

c. Is absent in newborn

d. Increases lung compliance

e. Decreases tendency of lung collapsing

50.Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood increases during

a. Narcotic intoxification

b. hypoventilation

c. Anxiety

d. Adaptation to high altitude

e. Problems in respiratory structure