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This chapter presents the research design utilized, the selected locale from which the
study was conducted, the respondents, the instruments, validation of the instruments, and the
statistical tools used in the treatment of the data. It mainly speaks of the procedure on how the
study was conducted and how the data were collected, collated, and statistically treated.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design is the investigators’ overall strategy for answering the research
question. It is how data will be collected and analyzed in order to answer a specified research
problem. According to Nardi (2006), a common goal of exploratory and almost all kinds of
research is to provide the readers basic information in describing the topic with the cooperation
of the respondents.
This study had utilized the descriptive correlation type of research. Descriptive
Correlation design is a study that deals with the relationship of the independent variable and
dependent variable happening at present without manipulating the independent variable. In this
study, the dependent variable is the level of reluctance and the independent variables are the
selected intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The study determined the relationship of level of
This study was conducted in Angeles University Foundation (AUF) located in Mc-Arthur
May 25, 1962 by Mr. Agustin P. Angeles, Dr. Barbara Y. Angeles and family. After only less
than nine years of successful operation, the Institution was granted University status on April 16,
1971 by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports. And on February 14, 1978, AUF was
converted into a Catholic University making it the first in Central Luzon. Now on its 48th year of
operation, AUF has a total of 63 academic programs supported by state of- the-art equipment and
facilities, aimed at addressing the growing needs of the global academic community.
Such area was chosen because the results of the study were primarily offered to Angeles
University Foundation – College of Nursing. Knowing how some selected factors affect the
students’ continuation of nursing course despite their reluctance can probably provide the college
with an idea of how well future nurses are founded in terms of the driving force as they tread the
The respondents of the study were the SANLINGAN and GILAS Nursing Students of
Angeles University Foundation for the Academic Year 2009-2010 because they have both
clinical duty and classroom lecture. The batch SANLINGAN and GILAS are the second year
and third year students enrolled in A.Y. 2009 -2010 respectively. Total enumeration sampling
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was utilized since all of SANLINGAN and GILAS students answered the first questionnaire,
however, only those respondents who qualified in the first questionnaire were part of the sample
size that was used in the study. The first questionnaire was composed of a 10-item statement
which measures the initial level of reluctance upon taking the Nursing Course.
A total of 902 nursing students were surveyed and 250 students were qualified and
became the respondents. However, seven of the respondents were removed because they refused
to answer the second questionnaire, which made 243 respondents. The respondents from second
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
The instrument is crucial in conducting studies because it measures the variables being
investigated. Though constructing the research instrument is a very complex and time-consuming
task, it should be given more emphasis in order for all the variables to be encompassed.
In the study, the researchers had utilized Likert Scale. Likert Scale is a summated rating
scale that entails a series of items to which respondents were requested to designate their level of
Likert Scale was used as the questionnaire to determine the level of agreement of the
respondents on every statement. There were 3 questionnaires given which purpose were to know
the initial level of reluctance upon taking the Nursing Course, level of reluctance at present, and
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The first and second questionnaire contains ten statements to know the initial level of
reluctance upon taking the Nursing course and at present respectively. On the other hand, the
third questionnaire contains forty-five statements, five statements each intrinsic factor and five
statements each extrinsic factor, which were either positively or negatively stated.
Office and Counseling and the Clinical Instructors to ensure the appropriateness of the
constructed questions. The said questionnaire was also validated by an English Instructor for
language appropriateness. In addition, it also underwent pilot testing, item analysis and reliability
analysis using Cronbach’s Alpha. Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency, that is,
PHASE I
Initially, the researchers have read various literatures like journals, articles and
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2. Pre-Survey
identify the factors that were used in the study. Pre- survey questionnaire was
composed of three questions. They were given to registered nurses in Angeles City on
March 22 – 27, 2010. The researchers had only twenty registered nurses who
Answers from the pre-survey were summarized to come up with the common factors.
After the factors were finalized, the questionnaire using likert scale was
constructed and structured. The questionnaire had gone through validation from the
other hand, for content validation, two Clinical Instructors and one Level Coordinator
4. Pilot Survey
After the validation of the questionnaire, it was used for the pilot survey. Pilot
Survey was done to the newly nursing graduates, SIKLAB students. It started on May
17, 2010 and ended on March 28, 2010.. There were twenty respondents for the pre-
survey. And after tallying the results of the pilot survey, it had undergone the process of
consistency, that is, how closely related a set of items are as a group.
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PHASE II
1. Data Gathering
The researchers moved on the actual data gathering which initially involved
obtaining permission to conduct the data gathering and the copy of the control lists.
After which, they had given the initial questionnaire to the SANLINGAN and GILAS
students. It started on June 11, 2010 and ended on June 25, 2010. After retrieving the
initial questionnaire, it was computed to identify the respondents for the study. Then the
second questionnaire was given to the identified respondents. It started on June 28, 2010
After the data collection period, the researchers began to process the information
obtained. Tools were sorted and results were tallied. With the aid of a statistician,
statistical treatment was done. After having this accomplished, the researchers have
This part of the study includes the different statistical tools that were used in the
treatment of data. This serves as a guide in order to analyze and interpret the resulting data
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properly. The following were the different statistical formulas that were used in the study as well
The data gathered were tallied, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The total score of
each respondent on the 10-item test score on level of reluctance was classified as follows:
Highly Reluctant 3 – 4
The above ranges were based on the Likert Scale used in the study. Since the interval of
the Likert Sale was between one and four. This interval was divided among the three levels of
To classify the level of agreement as per item on the 45-item questionnaire (which has 5
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In order to determine the range for the level of agreement, the researchers utilized the
Likert Scale wherein 1-4 has an interval of three. Since there were four classifications, the
interval of the Likert Scale was divided by the four classifications equaling to .75 interval per
classification.
highest, together with a count of the number of times each value was obtained (Polit & Beck,
2008). In the study, this was used to tabulate the collected data for the factors affecting the
as a percentage of the total frequency equated to 100 (Polit & Beck, 2008). In the study, this
was used to get the total frequency of each category to aid in the description of each table.
Formula: F
%= n X 100
Where:
% = Percentage Distribution
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2. WEIGHTED MEAN
Weighted Mean- reveals the overall average of response or perception of the respondents
WM=TWF
N
Where:
WM = weighted mean
The t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of the difference between
the means of two sets of scores. That is, it helps to address the common research question
of whether the average score for one set of scores differs significantly from the average
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Where:
t = t-test
ΣD2 = the sum of the squares of the differences between the first and second
scores
(ΣD) 2 = the square of the sum of the differences between the first score and
second scores
In the study, t-Test was used on determining the difference between the initial
level of reluctance prior taking the Nursing Course and at the present.
maternal factors and the incidence of prematurity and neonatal factors and its rate of
recovery of pre-term neonates with RDS, Chi-square Test of Independence for contingency
2 O E 2
E
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Where: O = observed frequency for a category
df= (r-1)(c-1)
Decision Rule:
Reject Ho if the p-value is less than or equal to the level of significance ().
relation between two sets of attributes which is between the aforementioned independent
and dependent variables. It was used to determine the strength of relationship between the
Formula:
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Where:
= computed chi-square
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