1 COMMON PREPOSITIONS I

about at beyond into since UP

above bejore by like through upon
across behind despite near throughout with
after below down of till within
against beneath during off to without
ah? beside for on toward(s)
among besides from out under
around between in over until

I -
S -V-PREP 0 of PREP I An important element of English sentences is the I
I (a) The htuden; Ltudied
I
in the
I

(.,A...\
libraq.
I prepositional phrase. It consists of a preposition (PREP)
and its object (0).The object of a preposition is a noun or
\lUWUlU J
I

(a);
-
pronoun. -1n in the library is prepositional phrase.

S V 0 PREP 0 ofPREP
n- I n
(b) We enjoyed the party at your house.
(NOUN)

(c) We went to the zoo in the afternoon. In (c): In most English sentences, "place" comes before
(place) (time) "time."
( d ) In the afternoon, we went to the zoo. In (d): Sometimes a prepositional phrase comes at the
beginning of a sentence.

El EXERCISE 3, Identifying prepositions. (Chart A-2)

Directions: Underline the prepositional phrases in the following. Identify the preposition
(P)and the noun that is used as the object of the preposition (0of r).
P oofP
1. Grasshoppers destroyed the wheat in the field.

2. The waiter cleared the dirty dishes from our table.

3. I parked my car in the garage.

4. Trees fell during the violent storm.

5. Cowboys depended on horses for transportation.

6. We walked to the park after class.

EXERCISE 4. Sentence elements. (Charts A-1 and A-2)

Directions: Underline the subjects (s),verbs (VT or w),objects of verbs (o),and
prepositional phrases (PP) in the following sentences.
s \rT 0 PP
1. Alex needs new batteries for his camera.
s v1 PP
2. A bomb exploded in the road.

3. Sally wore her blue suit to the meeting.

Supplementary Grammar Units ~3
 4. Beethoven wrote nine symphonies.

5. Bells originated in Asia.

6. Plants need a reliable supply of water.

7. We enjoyed the view of snowy mountains from the window of our hotel room.

8. The child sat between her parents on the sandy beach. Above her, an eagle flew across

the cloudless sky.

(ADJECTIVE) (NOUN) nouns. The word "modify" means "change a little." Adjectives give a little
(b) nehungry chi^ ate fruit. different meaning to a noun: inulligent student, lazy student, good student.
(mJECm) (NOUN) Examples of adjectives: young, OM,rich, beautiful,brown, French, modern.

(c) I saw some beautiful pictures. An adjective is neither singular nor plural. A final -s is never added to an
INCORRECII: beautzjids pictures adjective.

(a) He walks quickly. Adverbs modify verbs. Often they answer the question "How?" In (a):
(ADVERB) Hozu does he walk? Answer: Quickly.
(b) She opened the door quietly. Adverbs are often formed by adding -Zy to an adjective.
(ADVERB) adjective: quick
adverb: quick&

(c) I am extremely happy. Adverbs are also used to modify adjectives, i.e., to give information about
(ADVERB)
(ADJECTIVE) adjectives, as in (c).

(ADVERB) today, yesterday, soon, never, usually, always, yet.

MIDSENTENCE ADVERBS Some adverbs may occur in the middle of a sentence. Midsentence
(e) ~ n always
n comes on time. adverbs have usual positions; they
(f) Ann is always on time. (1) come in fkont of simple present and simple past verbs (except be),
(g) Ann has always come on time. as in (e);
01) D~~~she always come on time? (2) follow be (simple present and simple past), as in (f);
(3) come between a helping verb and a main verb, as in (g).
In a question, a midsentence adverb comes directly after the subject, as in Q.
COMMON MIDSENTENCE ADVERBS
ever usuaIIy generally seldom never already
always o h sometimes rarely not ever finally
fie4md~ occasiOnaUy hardy e w just
probably

~4 APPENDIX