Teknik menjawab kertas 3 Soalan 2

Objektif :
- perlu ada – manipulated and responding variable
- tuliskan perkataan – to study / to determine

contoh :
To determine the concentration of an external solution which
is isotonic to the cell sap

Problem statement :

- perlu ada – manipulated and responding variable

- tulis ayat dalam bentuk soalan , mesti ada tanda “ ? “

What is the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic

to the cell sap?

Hypothesis :

- perlu ada – manipulated and responding variable

- perlu ada kata penghubung

example:

the higher the concentration of the sugar solution the lower the
mass of the potato strip
 manipulated variable - concentration of the sugar solution
responding variable - mass of the potato strip
penghubung - the higher, the lower

The concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the

cell sap is the concentration of the sugar solution that does not
change the mass of the potato strip

Variables :

Manipulated : concentration of the sugar

solution
Responding : change in mass of the potato
strip
Fixed : length of the potato strip

Perkataan yang perlu ada semasa menulis variable :

Concentration, length, volume, rate of reaction
Apparatus and materials :

- lebih baik gabungkan apparatus dan material

Potato, cork borer, petri dish, razor blade, forceps, beaker, tissue
paper, electronic balance, sucrose solutions ( 5%, 10%, 15%,
20%), distilled water

Technique

- tuliskan :
- cara keputusan dapat diperolehi
- alat yang digunakan
- rekod keputusan

Weigh and record the mass of each potato strip using a beam
balance before and after experiment

- perkataan yang digariskan adalah perkataan yang wajib ada

semasa menulis teknik

Procedure :

Dapat menunjukkan :
1. penyediaan radas dan bahan
2. mengendalikan pemboleh ubah
a. berat
b. masa
c. isipadu
 3. langkah berjaga-jaga/ ketepatan (ulang eksperimen)
4. cara merekod data

Contoh prosedur:
1. five beakers are labelled P. Q, R, S and T.
2. Beakers P, Q, R, S and T are filled with distilled water 5%,
10%, 15% and 20% sucrose solution respectively
3. A cork borer is used to prepare five strips of potato of the
same diameter
4. each strip is measure and cut at 5 cm.
5. each strip is wiped with tissue paper to remove any excess
water
6. each strip of potato is weighed and the initial mass is
recorded
7. each strip of potato is put into its respective beaker for an
hour
8. After an hour, the strip of potato is taken out from each
beaker, wiped and weighed . The final mass of each strip of
potato is recorded
9. the percentage change in the mass of the strip potato is
calculated based on the following formula

Final mass – initial mass x 100

Initial mass

10. A graph showing the percentage change in the mass of

the potato strip against the concentration of sugar solution
is plotted
11. the concentration of the external solution which is isotonic
to the cell sap is determined from the plotted graph
 12. the condition of the potato strip, whether turgid or flacid is
also recorded

Results

Jadual :

- perlu ada unit

- pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi
- eksperimen kawalan
- tak perlu data
- perbezaan bacaan awal dan akhir

Solution Petri Original Final Difference Percentage Texture

dish mass of mass of in mass difference and
potato potato in mass appearance
strip (g) strip (g)
Distilled
water
5%
sucrose
solution
10%
sucrose
solution
15%
sucrose
solution
20%
sucrose
solution
Graph :

- tajuk
- unit
- nama bagi setiap paksi ( x dan y )

Conclusions:

- Tulis semula hypothesis

- Tulis – hypothesis accepted
Setup an experiment to study the content of vitamin C in fruits
such as pineapple, orange, guava and lemon.

Aim

To study the concentration of vitamin C in different type of

fruits

Problem statement :

What is the concentration of vitamin C in different type of

fruits ?

How to determine the concentration of vitamin C in different

type of fruits?

Hypothesis:

The concentrations of vitamin C different in each type of fruits

The concentrations of vitamin C in lemon is higher than in

guava