12 C3 Questions From Past Papers

Possible C3 questions from past papers P1—P3
Source of the original question is given in brackets, e.g. [P2 January 2001 Question 1]; a question which has been edited is
indicated with an asterisk, e.g. [P3 January 2003 Question 8*].
1. The function f, defined for x ∈ ℝ, x > 0, is such that

1
f ′ (x) = x2 – 2 + .
x2
(a) Find the value of f ″ (x) at x = 4. (3)
(b) Given that f(3) = 0, find f(x). (4)
(c) Prove that f is an increasing function. (3)
[P1 June 2001 Question 5]
2. The curve C has equation y = 2e x + 3 x 2 + 2. The point A with coordinates (0, 4) lies on C.
Find the equation of the tangent to C at A. (5)
3. The root of the equation f(x) = 0, where
f ( x ) = x + ln 2 x − 4
is to be estimated using the iterative formula x n +1 = 4 − ln 2 x n , with x0 = 2.4.
(a) Showing your values of x1, x2, x3,…, obtain the value, to 3 decimal places, of the root.
(4)
(b) By considering the change of sign of f(x) in a suitable interval, justify the accuracy of your
answer to part (a). (2)
4. (i) Prove, by counter-example, that the statement
“ sec( A + B ) ≡ sec A + sec B, for all A and B ”

is false. (2)
(ii) Prove that

nπ
ta nθ + co tθ ≡ 2 c o se c2θ , θ ≠ , n ∈ ℤ. (5)
2
1
2
5. The function f is given by
x 1
f :x − , x > 1.
x −1 x + 1
2
1
(a) Show that f(x) = . (3)
( x −1)( x +1)
(b) Find the range of f. (2)
The function g is given by
2
g: x , x > 0.
x
(c) Solve gf(x) = 70. (4)
π
6. (a) Express 2 cos θ + 5 sin θ in the form R cos (θ − α ), where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2
Give the values of R and α to 3 significant figures. (3)
(b) Find the maximum and minimum values of 2 cos θ + 5 sin θ and the smallest possible
value of θ for which the maximum occurs. (2)
The temperature T °C, of an unheated building is modelled using the equation
π t  π t 
T = 15 + 2 cos   + 5 sin  , 0 ≤ t < 24 ,
 12   12 
where t hours is the number of hours after 1200.
(c) Calculate the maximum temperature predicted by this model and the value of t when this
maximum occurs. (4)
(d) Calculate, to the nearest half hour, the times when the temperature is predicted to be
12 °C. (6)
3
7. The function f is defined by
→ 2x – a, x ∈ℝ,

f:x
where a is a positive constant.
(a) Sketch the graph of y = f(x), showing the coordinates of the points where the graph cuts
the axes. (2)
(b) On a separate diagram, sketch the graph of y = f(2x), showing the coordinates of the points
where the graph cuts the axes. (2)
1
(c) Given that a solution of the equation f(x) = x is x = 4, find the two possible values of a.
2
(4)
2(1 – cos 2θ ) = tan θ , 0<θ <π . (6)
[P2 January 2002 Question 3]
8. (a) Prove that

1 − cos 2θ nπ
≡ tan θ , θ ≠ , n ∈ ℤ. (3)
sin 2θ 2
(b) Solve, giving exact answers in terms of π ,
2(1 – cos 2θ ) = tan θ , 0<θ <π . (6)
4
9. Figure 2
y
C
•
O B x
Figure 2 shows part of the curve C with equation y = f(x), where
f(x) = 0.5ex – x2.
The curve C cuts the y-axis at A and there is a minimum at the point B.
(a) Find an equation of the tangent to C at A. (4)
The x-coordinate of B is approximately 2.15. A more exact estimate is to be made of this

coordinate using iterations xn + 1 = ln g(xn).
(b) Show that a possible form for g(x) is g(x) = 4x. (3)
(c) Using xn + 1 = ln 4xn , with x0 = 2.15, calculate x1 , x2 and x3. Give the value of x3 to 4
decimal places. (2)
5
2 6
10. f(x) = x −1 − ( x −1)( 2 x +1) , x > 1.
4
(a) Prove that f(x) = . (4)
2 x +1
(b) Find the range of f. (2)

−
(c) Find f 1(x). (3)
−
(d) Find the range of f 1(x). (1)
11. Use the derivatives of sin x and cos x to prove that the derivative of tan x is sec2 x. (4)
3 x −4
12. Express + 2 as a single fraction in its simplest form. (7)
x + 2x
2
x −4
6
13. Figure 1
O k x
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f(x), where

1
f(x) = 10 + ln (3x) − 2 ex , 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 3.3.
Given that f(k) = 0,
(a) show, by calculation, that 3.1 < k < 3.2. (2)
(b) Find f ′ (x). (3)
The tangent to the graph at x = 1 intersects the y-axis at the point P.
(c) (i) Find an equation of this tangent.
(ii) Find the exact y-coordinate of P, giving your answer in the form a + ln b. (5)
7
14. f(x) = x2 − 2x − 3, x ∈ ℝ, x ≥ 1.
(a) Find the range of f. (1)

−
(b) Write down the domain and range of f 1. (2)
−
(c) Sketch the graph of f 1, indicating clearly the coordinates of any point at which the graph
intersects the coordinate axes. (4)
Given that g(x) = | x − 4| , x ∈ ℝ,
(d) find an expression for gf(x). (2)
(e) Solve gf(x)= 8. (5)
y +3 y +1
15. Express ( y +1)( y + 2) − ( y + 2)( y + 3) as a single fraction in its simplest form.
(5)
[P2 November 2002 Question 1]
(a) Express 1.5 sin 2x + 2 cos 2x in the form R sin (2x + α ), where R > 0 and 0 < α < 2 π ,
1
16.
giving your values of R and α to 3 decimal places where appropriate. (4)
(b) Express 3 sin x cos x + 4 cos2 x in the form a cos 2x + b sin 2x + c, where a, b and c are
constants to be found. (2)
(c) Hence, using your answer to part (a), deduce the maximum value of
3 sin x cos x + 4 cos2 x. (2)
17. The curve C with equation y = p + qex, where p and q are constants, passes through the point
(0, 2). At the point P(ln 2, p + 2q) on C, the gradient is 5.
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q. (5)
The normal to C at P crosses the x-axis at L and the y-axis at M.
(b) Show that the area of ∆ OLM, where O is the origin, is approximately 53.8. (5)
8
18. Figure 1
y
O x
−
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = e x − 1.
1
(a) Copy Fig. 1 and on the same axes sketch the graph of y = x – 1. Show the coordinates
2
of the points where the graph meets the axes. (2)
The x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the graph is α .

−
(b) Show that x = α is a root of the equation x + 2e x − 3 = 0. (3)
(c) Show that −1 < α < 0. (2)
1 −
The iterative formula xn + 1 = −ln[ 2 (3 – xn)] is used to solve the equation x + 2e x − 3 = 0.
(d) Starting with x0 = −1, find the values of x1 and x2. (2)
(e) Show that, to 2 decimal places, α = −0.58. (2)
9
3 x −1
19. The function f is defined by f: x ↦ , x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ 3.
x −3
−
(a) Prove that f 1(x) = f(x) for all x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ 3. (3)
(b) Hence find, in terms of k, ff(k), where x ≠ 3. (2)
Figure 3
y
6
−2 −1 O 2 x
−5
Figure 3 shows a sketch of the one-one function g, defined over the domain −2 ≤ x ≤ 2.
(c) Find the value of fg(−2). (3)

−
(d) Sketch the graph of the inverse function g 1 and state its domain. (3)
The function h is defined by h: x ↦ 2g(x – 1).
(e) Sketch the graph of the function h and state its range. (3)
x x + 12
20. Express ( x +1)( x + 3) + 2 as a single fraction in its simplest form. (6)
x −9
10
21. (a) Sketch the graph of y = 2x + a, a > 0, showing the coordinates of the points where the
graph meets the coordinate axes. (2)
1
(b) On the same axes, sketch the graph of y = . (1)
x
(c) Explain how your graphs show that there is only one solution of the equation
x2x + a− 1 = 0. (1)
(d) Find, using algebra, the value of x for which x2x + 1− 1 = 0. (3)
22. The curve with equation y = ln 3x crosses the x-axis at the point P (p, 0).
(a) Sketch the graph of y = ln 3x, showing the exact value of p. (2)
The normal to the curve at the point Q, with x-coordinate q, passes through the origin.
(b) Show that x = q is a solution of the equation x2 + ln 3x = 0. 4)
2
(c) Show that the equation in part (b) can be rearranged in the form x = 1
3
e−x . (2)
2
1
(d) Use the iteration formula xn + 1 = 1
3 e − xn , with x0 = 3
, to find x1, x2, x3 and x4. Hence write
down, to 3 decimal places, an approximation for q. (3)
23. (a) Express sin x + √3 cos x in the form R sin (x + α ), where R > 0 and 0 < α < 90°.
(4)
(b) Show that the equation sec x + √3 cosec x = 4 can be written in the form
sin x + √3 cos x = 2 sin 2x. (3)
(c) Deduce from parts (a) and (b) that sec x + √3 cosec x = 4 can be written in the form
sin 2x – sin (x + 60°) = 0. (1)
[P2 January 2003 Question 7*]
11
24. Figure 3
y
(0, c)
O (d, 0) x
Figure 3 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f(x), x ≥ 0. The curve meets the
coordinate axes at the points (0, c) and (d, 0).
In separate diagrams sketch the curve with equation

−
(a) y = f 1(x), (2)
(b) y = 3f(2x). (3)
Indicate clearly on each sketch the coordinates, in terms of c or d, of any point where the
curve meets the coordinate axes.
Given that f is defined by

−
f : x → 3(2 x ) − 1, x ∈ ℝ, x ≥ 0,
(c) state
(i) the value of c,
(ii) the range of f. (3)
(d) Find the value of d, giving your answer to 3 decimal places. (3)
The function g is defined by

g : x → log2 x, x ∈ ℝ, x ≥ 1.
(e) Find fg(x), giving your answer in its simplest form. (3)
[P2 January 2003 Question 8
x 2 + 4x + 3
25. (a) Simplify . (2)
x2 + x
(b) Find the value of x for which log2 (x2 + 4x + 3) – log2 (x2 + x) = 4. (4)
26. The functions f and g are defined by
12
f: x  x2 – 2x + 3, x ∈ ℝ, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4,
g: x  λ x2 + 1, where λ is a constant, x ∈ ℝ.
(a) Find the range of f. (3)
(b) Given that gf(2) = 16, find the value of λ . (3)
27. Figure 1
4
B( , 1)
3
−1 O A(2, 0) 3 x
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f(x), −1 ≤ x ≤ 3. The curve touches
the x- axis at the origin O, crosses the x-axis at the point A(2, 0) and has a maximum at the
4
point B( , 1).
3
In separate diagrams, show a sketch of the curve with equation
(a) y = f(x + 1), (3)
(b) y = | f(x)| , (3)
(c) y = f(| x| ), (4)
marking on each sketch the coordinates of points at which the curve
(i) has a turning point,
(ii) meets the x-axis.
13
28. (a) Sketch, on the same set of axes, the graphs of
−
y = 2 – e x and y = √x. (3)
[It is not necessary to find the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.]
−
Given that f(x) = e x + √x – 2, x ≥ 0,
(b) explain how your graphs show that the equation f(x) = 0 has only one solution,
(1)
(c) show that the solution of f(x) = 0 lies between x = 3 and x = 4. (2)
The iterative formula xn + 1 = (2 – e − xn )2 is used to solve the equation f(x) = 0.
(d) Taking x0 = 4, write down the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4, and hence find an approximation
to the solution of f(x) = 0, giving your answer to 3 decimal places. (4)
29. (a) Express as a fraction in its simplest form
2 13
+ 2 . (3)
x − 3 x + 4 x − 21
(b) Hence solve
2 13
+ 2 =1. (3)
x − 3 x + 4 x − 21
30. Prove that

1 − tan 2 θ
≡ cos 2θ . (4)
1 + tan 2 θ
[P2 November 2003 Question 5*]
14
31. The functions f and g are defined by
f: x  | x – a | + a, x ∈ ℝ,
g: x  4x + a, x ∈ ℝ.
where a is a positive constant.
(a) On the same diagram, sketch the graphs of f and g, showing clearly the coordinates of
any points at which your graphs meet the axes. (5)
(b) Use algebra to find, in terms of a, the coordinates of the point at which the graphs of
f and g intersect. (3)
(c) Find an expression for fg(x). (2)
(d) Solve, for x in terms of a, the equation
fg(x) = 3a. (3)
32. The curve C has equation y = f(x), where
1
f(x) = 3 ln x + , x > 0.
x
The point P is a stationary point on C.
(a) Calculate the x-coordinate of P. (4)
(b) Show that the y-coordinate of P may be expressed in the form k – k ln k, where k is a
constant to be found. (2)
The point Q on C has x-coordinate 1.
(c) Find an equation for the normal to C at Q. (4)
The normal to C at Q meets C again at the point R.
(d) Show that the x-coordinate of R
2
(i) satisfies the equation 6 ln x + x + – 3 = 0,
x
(ii) lies between 0.13 and 0.14. (4)
15
3
33. The function f is given by f : x  2 + , x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ –2.
x +2
3
(a) Express 2 + as a single fraction. (1)
x +2
(b) Find an expression for f –1(x). (3)
(c) Write down the domain of f –1. (1)
34. The function f is even and has domain ℝ. For x ≥ 0, f(x) = x2 – 4ax, where a is a positive
constant.
(a) In the space below, sketch the curve with equation y = f(x), showing the coordinates of
all the points at which the curve meets the axes. (3)
(b) Find, in terms of a, the value of f(2a) and the value of f(–2a). (2)
Given that a = 3,
(c) use algebra to find the values of x for which f(x) = 45. (4)
35. Given that y = loga x, x > 0, where a is a positive constant,

(a) (i) express x in terms of a and y, (1)
(ii) deduce that ln x = y ln a. (1)

dy 1
(b) Show that = . (2)
dx x ln a
The curve C has equation y = log10 x, x > 0. The point A on C has x-coordinate 10. Using the
result in part (b),
(c) find an equation for the tangent to C at A. (4)
The tangent to C at A crosses the x-axis at the point B.
(d) Find the exact x-coordinate of B. (2)
16
36. (i) (a) Express (12 cos θ – 5 sin θ ) in the form R cos (θ + α ), where R > 0 and
0 < α < 90°.
(4)
(b) Hence solve the equation
12 cos θ – 5 sin θ = 4,
for 0 < θ < 90°, giving your answer to 1 decimal place. (3)
(ii) Solve
8 cot θ – 3 tan θ = 2,
for 0 < θ < 90°, giving your answer to 1 decimal place. (5)
37. Express as a single fraction in its simplest form
x 2 − 8 x +15 2 x 2 +6 x
× .
x 2 −9 ( x −5) 2
(4)
3
38. (i) Given that sin x = , use an appropriate double angle formula to find the exact value
5
of sec 2x.
(4)
(ii) Prove that
 nπ 
cot 2x + cosec 2x ≡ cot x, x ≠ , n ∈Z  .
 2 
(4)
17
39. f(x) = x3 + x2 − 4x − 1.
The equation f(x) = 0 has only one positive root, α .
(a) Show that f(x) = 0 can be rearranged as
 4 x +1 
x= 
 x +1  , x ≠ −1.
 
(2)
 4 x n +1 
The iterative formula xn + 1 =   is used to find an approximation to α .
 x n +1 
(b) Taking x1 = 1, find, to 2 decimal places, the values of x2, x3 and x4.
(3)
(c) By choosing values of x in a suitable interval, prove that α = 1.70, correct to 2 decimal
places.
(3)
 4 x n +1 
(d) Write down a value of x1 for which the iteration formula xn + 1 =   does not
 x n + 1 
produce a valid value for x2.
Justify your answer.

(2)
18
ex
40. f(x) = x + , x ∈ ℝ.
5
(a) Find f ′ (x).
(2)
The curve C, with equation y = f(x), crosses the y-axis at the point A.
(b) Find an equation for the tangent to C at A.

(3)
 e x

(c) Complete the table, giving the values of 
x + 5 
 to 2 decimal places.
 
x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
 ex 
 x +  0.45 0.91
 5 
(2)
[P2 June 2004 Question 7*]
41. The function f is given by
f: x ↦ ln (3x − 6), x ∈ ℝ, x > 2.

−
(a) Find f 1(x).
(3)
− −
(b) Write down the domain of f 1 and the range of f 1.
(2)
(c) Find, to 3 significant figures, the value of x for which f(x) = 3.
(2)
The function g is given by
g: x ↦ ln | 3x − 6| , x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ 2.
(d) Sketch the graph of y = g(x).

(3)
(e) Find the exact coordinates of all the points at which the graph of y = g(x) meets the
coordinate axes.
(3)
19
Qn Old Specification Reference C1/C2/C3 Specification Reference
p
1. [P1 June 2001 Question 5] 6.2 Algebraic differentiation of x , where p is 4.2 Differentiation of xn, [and related sums
rational. and differences].
7.3 Integration of xp, where p is rational, 5.2 Integration of xn.

p ≠ −1.
6.3 Second order derivatives. Increasing and 6.1 Increasing and decreasing functions
decreasing functions.
1.2 Definition of a function. Domain and 1.2 Definition of a function. Domain and
range of functions. Composition of range of functions. Composition of
functions. Inverse functions. functions. Inverse functions [and their
graphs].
20
2. [P2 June 2001 Question 1] 6.2 Applications of differentiation to tangents 4.3 Applications of differentiation to
and normals to a curve. [gradients,] tangents and normals.
6.1 Differentiation of ex, ln x and their sums 4.1 Differentiation of ex, ln x [sin x, cos x,
and differences. tan x] and their sums and differences.
3. [P2 June 2001 Question 2] 8.2 Approximate solutions of equations using 5.2 Approximate solutions of equations
simple iterative methods using simple iterative methods,
[including recurrence relations of the
form xn + 1 = f(xn)].
4. [P2 June 2001 Question 4] 4.3 Knowledge and use of formulae for 2.3 Knowledge and use of double angle
sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B) and tan (A ± B); formulae for sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B)
of double angle formulae and and tan (A ± B); and of expressions
of expressions for a cos θ + b sin θ in for a cos θ + b sin θ in the
the equivalent forms of r cos (θ ± α ) or equivalent forms of r cos (θ ± α )
or r sin (θ ± α )
r sin (θ ± α ).
5. [P2 June 2001 Question 7] 2.1 Definition of a function. Domain and 1.2 Definition of a function. Domain and
graphs].
6. [P2 June 2001 Question 9] 4.3 Knowledge and use of formulae for 2.3 Knowledge and use of double angle
r sin (θ ± α )
7. [P2 January 2002 2.5 Knowledge of the effect of simple 1.11 Knowledge of the effect of simple
Question 3] transformations on the graph of transformations on the graph of
y = f(x) as represented by y = f(x) as represented by y = af(x),
y = af(x), y = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y = y = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y = f(ax).
f(ax) and combinations of these
transformations.
2.3 The modulus function. 1.3 The modulus function.

8. [P2 January 2002 4.3 Knowledge and use of formulae for 2.3 Knowledge and use of double angle
Question 6] sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B) and tan (A ± B); formulae for sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B)
r sin (θ ± α ).
9. [P2 January 2002 4.3 Applications of differentiation to
Question 7] [gradients,] tangents and normals.
8.2 Approximate solutions of equations using 5.2 Approximate solutions of equations

simple iterative methods. using simple iterative methods,
10. [P2 January 2002 2.1 Definition of a function. Domain and 1.2 Definition of a function. Domain and
Question 8] range of functions. Composition of range of functions. Composition of
graphs].
11. [P3 January 2002 4.1 Differentiation of sin x, tan x and their 4.1 Differentiation of [ex, ln x],sin x, tan x
21
Question 2] sums and differences, products and and their sums and differences,
quotients. products and quotients.
12. [P2 June 2002 Question 2] 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions
including factorising and cancelling including factorising and cancelling
13. [P2 June 2002 Question 6] 6.1 Differentiation of ex, ln x and their sums 4.3 Applications of differentiation to
and differences. [gradients,] tangents and normals.
4.1 Differentiation of ex, ln x [sin x, cos x,

tan x] and their sums and differences.
8.1 Location of the roots of f(x) = 0 by 5.1

considering changes of sign of f(x) in an Location of the roots of f(x) = 0 by
interval of x in which f(x) is continuous. considering changes of sign of f(x) in
an interval of x in which f(x) is
continuous
functions. Inverse functions functions. Inverse functions [and their
graphs].
2.2 Graphs of functions and their inverses. 1.9 Graphs of functions; Sketching curves
Sketching curves defined by simple defined by simple equations.
equations.
1.1 Simplification of rational expressions 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions

including factorising and cancelling. including factorising and cancelling.
15. [P2 November 2002 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions
Question 1] including factorising and cancelling. including factorising and cancelling.
16. [P2 November 2002 4.3 Knowledge and use of formulae for 2.3 Knowledge and use of double angle
Question 3] sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B) and tan (A ± B); formulae for sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B)
r sin (θ ± α )
17. [P2 November 2002 4.3 Applications of differentiation to

5.2 The function ln x and its graph 3.2 The function ln x and its graph
18. [P2 November 2002 2.3 The modulus function. 1.3 The modulus function.
Question 6]
5.1 The function ex and its graph 3.1 The function ex and its graph
8.1 Location of the roots of f(x) = 0 by 5.1 Location of the roots of f(x) = 0 by
considering changes of sign of f(x) in an considering changes of sign of f(x) in
interval of x in which f(x) is continuous. an interval of x in which f(x) is
continuous

19. [P2 November 2002 2.2 Graphs of functions and their inverses. 1.9 Graphs of functions; Sketching
Question 8] Sketching curves defined by simple curves defined by simple equations.
22
equations.
graphs].
20. [P2 January 2003 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions
Question 1] including factorising and cancelling. including factorising and cancelling.
21. [P2 January 2003 2.2 Graphs of functions and their inverses. 1.9 Graphs of functions; Sketching
Question 3] Sketching curves defined by simple curves defined by simple equations.
equations.
2.4 Geometric interpretation of algebraic 1.10 Geometric interpretation of algebraic

solution of equations. Use of intersection solution of equations. Use of
points of graphs of functions to solve intersection points of graphs of
equations. functions to solve equations.
5.2 The function ln x and its graph 3.2 The function ln x and its graph

simple iterative methods using simple iterative methods,
23. [P2 January 2003 4.1 Knowledge of secant, cosecant and 2.1 Knowledge of secant, cosecant and
Question 7] cotangent and of arcsin, arccos and arctan. cotangent and of arcsin, arccos and
Their relationships to sine, cosine and arctan. Their relationships to sine,
tangent. Understanding of their graphs cosine and tangent. Understanding of
and appropriate restricted domains. their graphs and appropriate restricted
domains.
4.3 Knowledge and use of formulae for 2.3 Knowledge and use of double angle
r sin (θ ± α ).
24. [P2 January 2003 2.2 Graphs of functions and their inverses. 1.9 Graphs of functions; sketching curves
Question 8] Sketching curves defined by simple defined by simple equations.
equations.
5.5 The laws of logarithms. 5.2 The laws of logarithms.
5.6 The solution of equations of the form 5.3 The solution of equations of the form
ax = b. ax = b.
functions. Inverse functions functions. Inverse functions.
2.5 Knowledge of the effect of simple 1.4 Combinations of the[se]
23
transformations on the graph of transformations.
y = f(x) as represented by
y = af(x), y = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y =
transformations.
25. [P2 June 2003 Question 1] 5.5 The laws of logarithms. 5.2 The laws of logarithms
1.1 Simplification of rational expressions 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions

including factorising and cancelling. including factorising and cancelling
graphs].
27. [P2 June 2003 Question 4] 2.3 The modulus function 1.3 The modulus function
2.5 Knowledge of the effect of simple 1.4 Combinations of the[se]

transformations on the graph of transformations
y = f(x) as represented by
y = af(x), y = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y =
transformations.
28. [P2 June 2003 Question 5] 2.2 Graphs of functions and their inverses. 1.9 Graphs of functions; sketching curves
equations.
2.4 Geometric interpretation of algebraic 1.10 Geometric interpretation of algebraic

solution of equations. Use of intersection solution of equatons. Use of
5.1 The function ex and its graph. 3.1 The function ex and its graph
continuous

29. [P2 November 2003 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions
Question 1] including factorising and cancelling including factorising and cancelling
30. [P2 November 2003 4.2 Knowledge and use of 1 + tan2 θ ≡ sec2 θ, 2.2 Knowledge and use of
Question 5] 1 + cot2 θ ≡ cosec2 θ. sec θ
2
= 1 + tan θ2
and
cos θ cosec2 θ = 1 + cot2 θ .
cot θ ≡ .
sin θ
Knowledge and use of formulae for

4.3 2.3 Knowledge and use of double angle
sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B) and tan (A ± B);
formulae for sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B)
of double angle formulae and
and tan (A ± B); and of expressions
of expressions for a cos θ + b sin θ in
for a cos θ + b sin θ in the
the equivalent forms of r cos (θ ± α ) or
equivalent forms of r cos (θ ± α )
r sin (θ ± α ). or r sin (θ ± α )
24
31. [P2 November 2003 2.4 Geometric interpretation of algebraic 1.10 Geometric interpretation of algebraic
Question 7] solution of equations. Use of intersection solution of equatons. Use of
2.5 Knowledge of the effect of simple 1.11 Knowledge of the effect of simple
transformations on the graph of transformations on the graph of y =
y = f(x) as represented by f(x) as represented by y = af(x), y =
y = af(x), y = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y = f(x) + a,
f(ax) and combinations of these y = f(x + a), y = f(ax).
transformations.
1.4 Combinations of the[se]
transformations
functions. Inverse functions. functions. Inverse functions
2.3 The modulus function 1.3 The modulus function.

32. [P2 November 2003 4.3 Applications of differentiation to
5.5 The laws of logarithms 5.2 The laws of logarithms.
continuous.
33. [P2 January 2004 2.1 Definition of a function. Domain and 1.2 Definition of a function. Domain and
Question 1] range of functions. Composition of range of functions. Composition of
graphs].
34. [P2 January 2004 2.2 Graphs of functions and their inverses. 1.9 Graphs of functions; sketching curves
Question 4] Sketching curves defined by simple defined by simple equations.
equations.
2.5 Knowledge of the effect of simple 1.11 Knowledge of the effect of simple
transformations on the graph of transformations on the graph of
y = f(x) as represented by y = f(x) as represented by y = af(x),
y = af(x), y = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y = y = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y = f(ax).
transformations.
functions. Inverse functions functions. Inverse functions [and their
graphs].
5.5 The laws of logarithms. 5.2 The laws of logarithms.
36. [P2 January 2004 4.3 Knowledge and use of formulae for 2.3 Knowledge and use of double angle
Question 8]
25
r sin (θ ± α ).
37. [P2 June 2004 Question 1] 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions 1.1 Simplification of rational expressions
including factorising and cancelling including factorising and cancelling
38. [P2 June 2004 Question 2] 4.1 Knowledge of secant, cosecant and 2.1 Knowledge of secant, cosecant and
cotangent and of arcsin, arccos and arctan. cotangent and of arcsin, arccos and
Their relationships to sine, cosine and arctan. Their relationships to sine,
tangent. Understanding of their graphs cosine and tangent. Understanding of
and appropriate restricted domains. their graphs and appropriate restricted
domains.
4.3 Knowledge and use of formulae for 2.3 Knowledge and use of double angle
r sin (θ ± α ).
39. [P2 June 2004 Question 5] 8.2 Approximate solutions of equations using 5.2 Approximate solutions of equations
40. [P2 June 2004 Question 7] 5.5 The laws of logarithms 5.2 The laws of logarithms
41. [P2 June 2004 Question 8] 2.2 Graphs of functions and their inverses. 1.9 Graphs of functions; sketching curves
equations.
functions. Inverse functions. functions. Inverse functions and their
graphs.
26

12 C3 Questions From Past Papers

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12 C3 Questions From Past Papers

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Possible C3 questions from past papers P1—P3

1. The function f, defined for x ∈ ℝ, x > 0, is such that

(a) Find the value of f ″ (x) at x = 4. (3)

(b) Given that f(3) = 0, find f(x). (4)

(c) Prove that f is an increasing function. (3)

[P1 June 2001 Question 5]

[P2 June 2001 Question 1]

3. The root of the equation f(x) = 0, where

is to be estimated using the iterative formula x n +1 = 4 − ln 2 x n , with x0 = 2.4.

[P2 June 2001 Question 2]

4. (i) Prove, by counter-example, that the statement

“ sec( A + B ) ≡ sec A + sec B, for all A and B ”

(ii) Prove that

(b) Find the range of f. (2)

The function g is given by

(c) Solve gf(x) = 70. (4)

[P2 June 2001 Question 7]

The temperature T °C, of an unheated building is modelled using the equation

where t hours is the number of hours after 1200.

[P2 June 2001 Question 9]

→ 2x – a, x ∈ℝ,

where a is a positive constant.

2(1 – cos 2θ ) = tan θ , 0<θ <π . (6)

[P2 January 2002 Question 3]

8. (a) Prove that

(b) Solve, giving exact answers in terms of π ,

2(1 – cos 2θ ) = tan θ , 0<θ <π . (6)

[P2 January 2002 Question 6]

Figure 2 shows part of the curve C with equation y = f(x), where

f(x) = 0.5ex – x2.

(a) Find an equation of the tangent to C at A. (4)

The x-coordinate of B is approximately 2.15. A more exact estimate is to be made of this

[P2 January 2002 Question 7]

(b) Find the range of f. (2)

[P2 January 2002 Question 8]

[P3 January 2002 Question 2]

[P2 June 2002 Question 2]

Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f(x), where

Given that f(k) = 0,

(a) show, by calculation, that 3.1 < k < 3.2. (2)

(b) Find f ′ (x). (3)

The tangent to the graph at x = 1 intersects the y-axis at the point P.

(c) (i) Find an equation of this tangent.

[P2 June 2002 Question 6]

(a) Find the range of f. (1)

(d) find an expression for gf(x). (2)

(e) Solve gf(x)= 8. (5)

[P2 June 2002 Question 8]

[P2 November 2002 Question 1]

[P2 November 2002 Question 3]

(a) Find the value of p and the value of q. (5)

The normal to C at P crosses the x-axis at L and the y-axis at M.

[P2 November 2002 Question 5]

The x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the graph is α .

(c) Show that −1 < α < 0. (2)

(e) Show that, to 2 decimal places, α = −0.58. (2)

[P2 November 2002 Question 6]

(b) Hence find, in terms of k, ff(k), where x ≠ 3. (2)

(c) Find the value of fg(−2). (3)

[P2 November 2002 Question 8]

[P2 January 2003 Question 1]

x2x + a− 1 = 0. (1)

[P2 January 2003 Question 3]