CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTROUDCTION

EMPLOYEE SAFETY
Since the begging of the present century, employee safety and health problems at work
have been engaged attention of the psychologists, sociologists and the industrial engineers.
Psychologists are concerned with the theoretical considerations of accident causation and the
research into accident control, through proper selection, training and the education of the
employee; and the social and psychological factors that influence the individual’s behaviour
in general. Engineers and safety officers usually render necessary practical advice on certain
aspects of safety in industry. They look upon prevention of accidents basically as an
engineering problem to be tackled through proper designing of mechanical safety devices. In
fact, accident prevention and safety are inter related and, therefore require a multi dimensional
approach. Its importance has increased because of large-scale industrialization in which
human beings are subjected to mechanical, chemical, electrical and radiation hazards.
Besides, modern industry is characterized by complicated mechanisms, intricate job
requirements, and fast moving production lines. One of the important consequences of all this
is increased dangers of human life, through accidents.

INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT AND INDUSTRIAL INJURY

The life of the industrial workers is full of risk and hazards. The injuries may be
caused as a result of any unsafe activities, or act of
their part or chance occurrence or as a result of some unsafe work condition or unsafe act of
employees themselves, or defective plant or shop layout, inadequate ventilation , unsafe and
insufficient space for movement inside the plant or shop, etc.
An industrial accident may be defined as,” an occurrence which interferes with the
orderly progress of work in an industrial establishment”. According to Factories Act of 1948,
it is “an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person for which
him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours.” In other words it is an unexpected event
which is neither expected nor designed to occur . It is always sudden for a gradual process
does not constitute an accident. Moreover, the event or occurrence should be something to
which a definite time, data and place can be assigned.

An industrial injury has been defined as “ a personal injury to an employee which has
been caused by an accident or an occupational disease, and which arise out of ,or in the course
of, employment , and which would entitle such employee to compensation under the
Workmen’s Compensation Act , 1923”.

NATURE OF ACCIDENT
The nature of an accident may vary from industry to industry. The employee may fall
from a height while engaged on a particular assignment; or he may be caught in a machine
while working on it; or he may fall against a machine; or parts of a machine having a
horizontal protruding motion may cause strike against him; or an explosives used carelessly
may explode, and injure an employee. Such accidents may result in disablement or death.
Disablement¬- whether partial or total – may take a form of a loss of ability to work
or to move. Such incapacity may be partial or total. Both types of disablement may be
temporary or permanent.
• A temporary partial disablement reduces the earning capacity of an individual in the
employment in which he was engaged when he sustained an injury at the time of
accident.
• Permanent partial disablement reduces his ability to earn an income from any
employment which he was capable of undertaking at the time of the accident occurred.
Total disablement , on the other hand, is a disablement, whether temporary or
permanent, which incapacitates a workman and makes it impossible for him to engage in any
work.

CAUSES OF ACCIDENT
Nature and causes of accident may vary from organization to organization. Basically
industrial accidents will arise either due to technical faults or due to human follies or errors.
Therefore the causes of accidents may be attributed to work related causes and worker related
causes.
1. Work related Causes
Unsafe working conditions are the prime causes for any industrial accident and these
include all engineering deficiencies. These mainly include improper lighting, inadequate
safety devices, polluted work place, poor machine guarding and unsafe and careless
housekeeping. These factors will create psychological and physical problems for the workers
and will invite industrial accident.
2. Worker related Causes
These are human factors responsible for accidents due to their unsafe acts. Lack of
adequate skill or knowledge in handling the machine, disturbed mental condition, neglecting
safety devices and instruction, using unsafe machine, working at unsafe speed are some of the
causes due to which workers become victims as industrial accidents.

PROVISIONS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS IN WORK PLACE

It is important for an organization to ensure safe working conditions in order to
prevent accidents at the workplace. In India there are a number of statutory provisions that
provide safety working conditions for the workers. The Factories Act secures health, safety,
welfare, proper working hours, leave and other benefits for the workers employed in the
factories. In other words the act is enacted primarily with the objective to regulate the
conditions of work in manufacturing establishments.

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH:
The term “Health” is a positive and dynamic concept and implies more than an
absence of illness. The W.H.O has defined health as:” a state of complete physical, mental
and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Industrial health
refers to a system of public health and preventive medicine which is applicable to industrial
concerns. According to the joint I.L.O / W.H.O. committee on organizational health,
industrial health is
• The prevention and maintenance of physical, mental and social well beings of workers
in all occupations.
• Prevention among workers of ill health caused by the working conditions.
• Protection of workers in their employment from risk resulting from factors adverse to
health.
 • Placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his
physical and psychological equipment.
The basic objective of industrial health is the prevention of disease and injury rather than
the cure of disease. It involves a programme of health conversation and prevention of
occupational diseases. Veil observes that the aim of industrial hygiene is’ the promotion and
maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well being of the workers;
the prevention of factor which make for ill health in their working condition; their protection
in their occupation from risks arising from factors which are adverse to the maintenance of
health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment which is
adapted to his psychological and physiological equipment; and to summaries, the adaptation
of work to man and each man on his job.

PREREQUISITES FOR AN EFFECTIVE SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY

For a safety and health program to be successful an organization should:
• Have the support and guidance pf top management in the implementation of safety
policy.
• Educate and train employees about the safety policy and the importance for an
organization. Even the workers at the lowest operating level should have a clear
understanding 0of the methods and procedures to be followed to ensure safety at the
workplace.
• Make safety and health an important aspect of organizational culture so that it
pervades all the functions and the levels of the organization.
• Appoint a safety director to ensure that the safety programs are progressing in
accordance to the set directions.
• Have a safety engineering process that includes designing of new products, processes
and machines, structuring the layout of plants and equipment, providing safety devices
for employees working on hazardous jobs, keeping the work place clean, well lit and
properly ventilated, maintaining a well designed system for detection, prevention and
control of fire, dust fumes, inflammable gases and explosives.
• Conduct an organization wide audit to ensure the implementation of the safety policy
and strict adherence to all the safety rules.
• Keep a track of the accidents that take place so that they can be avoided in the future.
 • It is not necessary that all the organization have the above mentioned elements for the
implementation of safety policy. However, if they are taken into consideration,
accidents can be avoided.
ACCIDENT PREVENTION IN THE WORK PLACE
Let us discuss some of the important steps that an organization has to take in
implementation safety and health programs to prevent accidents at the workplace and provide
a safe working environment for its employees. When an organization is successful in
implementing the following steps, the accident rate will be automatically decrease.
• Educating and training the employees
• Frequent inspections by the top management
• Tabulating and analyzing the causes of accidents
• Conducting regular employee wellness program
• Designing mental health program
• Making the right start and get going
• Apart from the above mentioned steps it is also the duty of the employer to understand
the following issues:
• Importance of reasonable hours of work
Unduly long hours of work can damage an employee’s health and can result in
fatigue and poor concentration. Hence it is important to define the number of hours of
work
• Rest pauses or breaks in working hours
Introduction or rest pauses for short periods can solve the problem of fatigue in a
very large measure.
• Holidays and leave with pay
Adequate provision of holidays and leave with pay to workers can help in reducing
absenteeism, stress and labor turnover. At the same time, the provision of excessive
holidays is likely to hinder production and increase the financial burden of the
organization.

Enforcement and Disciplinary Action

If an employee does not adhere to the safety policy being implemented by the
organization, the organization should as the first step, educate him on the impending hazards
of a careless approach to work. Employees can also be encouraged to implement safety policy
by rewarding the units/groups with good safety records. Employees who have been alert in
preventing accidents and active in spreading health and safety awareness can also be
rewarded.
If an employee still fail to heel to safety advice, the next step is to enforce disciplinary
action. To enforce safety measures in some organization, employees are either reprimanded or
fined and sometimes even discharged if they are found guilty of any serious violation of
safety provisions.
1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Automobiles have become an indispensable part of our lives, an extension of the

human body that provides us faster, cheaper and more convenient mobility every passing
day. Behind this betterment, go the efforts of those in the industry, in the form of
improvement through technological research. What actually lie behind this betterment of
automobiles are the opinions, requirement, likes and dislikes of those who use these
vehicles.
These wheeled machines affect our lives in many ways. Numerous surveys and
researchers are conducted through the world every now and to reveal on the other aspect of
automobiles, be it about the pollution caused due to vehicle population in cities, or rising
motor accidents and causes, vehicular technology, alternative medicine and so on
In the first hundred years of active life, it has been described as a menace and also a
blessing blight and a god send, as a savior of our countryside and cities and their curse, as
socially divisive and the greatest social leveler. It has been worshiped and reviled,
celebrated and scorned.
The automobile is an invention that has had a tremendous impact on the society. The
automobile has taken diverse segments of the American population, farmers, small town
residents and urban dwellers and given them access to the opportunities and experiences.
Autos have given us motels, shopping plazas, drive-in through, vacations, commuting and
certainly not the least suburbia. The genesis of the automobile is one of the most profound
and important chapters in the development of American culture. Before the automobile,
people traveled by means of bicycles, trains, streetcars and horse-drawn carriages, these
methods of transportations were, limits and not private, up until the 1880’s, inventors
experimented with building a horseless carriage.
These experiments were powered mainly by steam, and were not practical. They traveled at
slow speed of about six miles an hour, were very noisy, frightened horses, smelled awful
and polluted the air. Sometimes the coals(used to make steam) would fall off the auto and
burn wooden bridges down.
Railroads and stagecoach lines hates the automobiles because they did not competition.
Autos were scarce and ridiculed by the most of the population. The car began life as a rich
man’s toy rather than a means of transport. The development and acceptance of the
automobile in America took place around the turn of the century, from 1895 to 1915. The
most successful steam car was the Stanley steamer, invented in Newton, Massachusetts, in
1897 by Francis adrenal Stanley Charles and J. Frank Duryea’s was the most notable of the
pioneers of the gasoline automobile. The Duryea motor company produced the first gas-
powered car in 1893-1894. In 1869, they produced thirteen identical cars, the beginning of
mass automobile production in the united states.
Two developments spurred the growth of the automobile industry in 1990, gasoline prices
were reduced as a result of oil fields discovered in Texas. The supply of gasoline was
greatly increased so that automobiles could be operated inexpensively. The other
development was the advent of mass production and the use of assembly lines.
American car manufacture, Henry Ford (1863-1947) invented an improved assembly line
and installed the first conveyor belt-based assembly line in his car factory in Ford’s
highland par, Michigan plant, around 1913-1914. The assembly line reduced production
costs for cars reducing assembly time. Ford’s famous model T was assembled in ninety-
three minutes. Ford made his first car, called the “QUADRICYCLE”, in june 1896.

However success came after he formed the FORD MOTOR COMPANY IN 1903. Ford
became the biggest car manufacture; by 1927 15 million model T’ S has been manufactured.
Finally the “horseless carriage” era of automobile manufacturing came to a nod in 1906.
That year the united state took over the world leadership of the automobile industry. The
Indian automobile industry has finally began to emerge on its own. The major players in the
industry are :
• BAJAJ AUTO

• GENERAL MOTORS

• HYUNDAI

• MAHINDRA

• TVS SUZUKI

• DAEWOO MOTORS

• HERO HOMDA

• IND AUTO LTD

• SWARAJ MAZDA LTD

 • EICHER LIMITED

• VOLVO FORD

• HINDUSTAN MOTORS

• LML

• TELCO

• DC DESIGNS

• EICHER MOTORS

These are the company that brings to us dream machines. This is where it all starts from; the

bourgeoise Maruti 800, the up market Astra, the stately Mercedes the Indian indica, the racy

Hero Honda, the tat struck and the rest.

They have begun to take the major steps towards making world-class quality systems by

imbibing the ISO9000/quality systems .

1.3 COMPANY PROFILE

Brakes India limited is a leading manufacturer of braking system in India for the
automotive industry. The company was established as a joint venture between TVS and TRW
in the year 1962. Brakes India limited has grown steadily to become a leading brake system
supplier to global OEMs operating in India. With design, development and manufacturing
capability that matches global standards in quality and safety, Brakes India limited is capable
of providing Complete braking system technology from concept to completion.

In 1981, Brakes India limited entered into technical collaboration with quall cast (derby
foundries) ltd., U.K. For the manufacturing of the permanent mould ferrous casting, a
technology newly introduced in India. In the same year, Brakes India limited established a
Foundry Division at Sholinghur to manufacture Permanent Mould Grey Iron castings.

Brakes India limited has two broad divisions. They are the Brake division and the
Foundry division. The Brake division is India's largest manufacturer of complete Brake
system for automotive and non-automotive application including Hydraulic brake, clutch
actuation, heavy duty brake, foundation brake equipment, clutch fluid. The foundry division is
equipped with state-of-the-art technology to manufacture sand-casting both grey and SG iron.
It is India's largest manufacturer of permanent mould ferrous die-casting.
The strength of Brakes India limited lies in:
● Its ability to motivate and harness the capabilities of its human resource develops
and nurtures a strong vendor base.
● Its commitment to quality, cost, delivery, safety and customer satisfaction.
● Strong in-house Research & Development, coupled with access to World Class
Technology through collaboration and affiliations worldwide enables Brakes India to
provide the Best Braking Solutions and Castings to its customers.
● Sales turnover of its Brakes divisions exceeds Rs. 5 Billion. Brakes Divisions have
grown steadily to become a Leading Brake System Supplier to global OEMs
operating in India.
● Sales turnover of its Foundry division exceeds Rs. 2 Billion, has an installed capacity
of 47,000 MTPA for permanent Mould Grey Iron and high pressure moulded Ductile
 and Grey iron sand castings.
● An impressive list of Customers adds testimony to the capabilities of Brakes India.

Brakes India limited's success lies in management philosophy matched by its commitment to
total quality by identifying and meeting customer needs, which would include the expectation
on quality, delivery, price, etc.,
Manufacturing locations of Brakes India limited:
 Padi (Chennai)
 Sholinghur (About 110 km from Chennai)
 Polambakkam (About 90 km from Chennai)
 Gurgoan (About 25 km from NewDelhi)
 Waki (Pune)
 Halol (Baroda)
 Nanjangud (About 25 km from Mysore)

MILESTONES ACHIEVED BY THE COMPANY:

1962 - Incorporated as public limited company.
1964 - Commenced manufacturing of brakes at Padi factory.
1966 - Introduced 'S'cam brakes for heavy commercial vehicles for first time in India.
1967 - Introduced indigenously designed drum brakes for light commercial vehicles.
1968 - First export of rubber seals to U.K.
1972 - 1. First export of tractor brakes as original equipment to Yugoslavia.
2. First export of Hydraulic brakes.
1975 - R&D activities recognized by ministry of Science and Technology.
1979 - Commenced manufacturing operations at Brakes Division, Sholinghur.
1981 - 1. Set up Foundry Division at Sholinghur.
2. Commenced production of Permanent Mould Castings in technical collaboration
with Qual cast Limited, U.K.

1986 - After successful R&D work, commenced manufacture of heavy duty brake and
clutch fluid.
1987 - 1. Commenced brake assembly operations at Gurgoan for supplies of Maruthi
Suzuki.
2. Commenced manufacture of Hydraulic Brake Hoses with technical support from
Hitachi Cable Company, Japan.
3. Commenced original equipment supplies of tractor brakes U.K.
4. Award received for outstanding contribution in the field of Industrial Relation by
the All India Association of Employers.
1988 - Introduced cellular manufacture system at Brakes Division, Padi.
1991 - Achieved sales of 1.0 million litres of Heavy Duty Brakes and Clutch fluid in a
year.
1992 - 1. Commenced manufacture of Ductile Iron Castings at Foundry Division.
2. Foundry Division got certified by BVQI, for Quality Assurance System to ISO
9002 Standards.
1993 - Brake Division, Padi and Gurgoan plants got certified by BVQI, for Quality
Assurance System to ISO 9002 Standards.
1994 - 1. Brakes Division, Sholinghur got certified by BVQI, for Quality Assurance System
to ISO 9002 Standards.
2. Achieved sales of 2.0 million litres of Brake fluid in a year
1995 - Brake Division, Nanjangud got certified by BVQI, for Quality Assurance System to
ISO 9002 Standards.
1996 - Commenced manufacturing operations at Polambakkam.
1998 - Certified for QS 9000 requirement 3rd edition by BVQI.

2001 - Certified for ISO 14001 Environment management System (Padi).

2003 - 1. TPM Excellence Award, First category by JIPM on 9th December.
2. “Deming Application Prize” for Foundry Division
2004 - Certified ISO/TS 16949 - 2nd edition by BVQI on 7th May

Brakes India Limited's key achievements:

● ISO14001 - Environmental Management systems (EMS)
● TPM Consistency Award
● Deming Award
● TS 16949 – QS 2002
● OSHAS

TVS GROUPS:
 AXLES INDIA LTD
  INDIA MOTOR PARTS AND ACCESSORIES LTD
 LAKSHMI AUTO COMPONENTS LTD
 SOUTHERN ROADWAYS LTD
 SUNDARAM DYNACAST PVT LTD
 SUNDARAM TEXTILES LTD
 TVS AUTOMOTIVE EUROPE LTD
 TVS ELECTRONICS LTD
 TVS LANKA PVT LTD
 TVS SEWING NEEDLES LTD
 WHEELS INDIA LTD
 DELPHI-TVS DIESEL SYSTEM LTD
 LUCAS INDIAN SERVICE LTD
 SUNDARAM GRAKE LININGS LTD
 SUNDARAM FASTENERS LTD
 TVS AUTO PARTS PVT LTD
 TVS FINANCE ANS SERVICES LTD
 TVS MOTOR COMP LTD
 TVS SRICHAKRA LTD
 LUCAS-TVS LTD
 SUNDARAM-CLAYTON LTD
 SUNDARAM INDUSTRIES LTD
 TURBO ENERGY LTD
 TVS CHERY PVT LTD
 TVS INTERCONNECT SYSTEM LTD
 TVS R&M LTD
 TVS SUNDARAM IYENGAR&SONS LTD

QUALITY POLICY:
Brakes India Limited is committed to total quality. The company shall,
1. Achieve this by identifying and meeting customer requirements on quality, delivery,
price and service.
2. Strive to enhance customer satisfaction through continual improvement of the
efficiency of the quality management system.
 3. Comply with the statutory and regulatory requirements.

QUALITY:
The products manufactured are subjected to strict surveillance at every stage of manufacture
to ensure acceptable quality product. The company is committed to quality management and
obtained QS9000 obtained TQM Award.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT:

Brakes India Limited has received R&D recognition from the Department of Science and
Technology, Government of India. It has programmers of continual research and development
that is abreast with the latest technology, synonymous with modern thinking in the field of
safe braking.

MAJOR CUSTOMERS:
(1) Brake system:
● Ashok Leyland
● Bajaj tempo
● Eicher motors
● Bharat earth movers
● Maruthi
● Fiat India
● Force motors Ltd
● Ford India Ltd
● TVS Motor Company
● John Deere
● Piaggio
● Hindusthan Motors
● General Motors (India)
● Premier automobiles
● Defence establishments
● Tata motors
● Mahindra&Mahindra
● Swaraj Mazda
● Volvo India pvt. ltd.
(2) Foundry Products:
● Ashok Leyland
● Kelvinator
● Voltas
● Mico
● Mahindra&Mahindra
● Godrej&Boyce

PRODUCT PROFILE:
Major products manufactured by Brakes India Limited:
PADI SHOLINGUR
HCV – Brakes Saw Brakes
LCV – Brakes Cam Brakes
Parking Brakes Transmission Brakes
Tandem master cylinder Tandem master
Wheel cylinder Cylinders
Servo Wheel
PCRV Disc
GP/VALVE

FOUNDRY DIVISION NANJAGUD

Hydraulic cylinder Seals
Castings Polymer
Compressors bodies
Valve plates POLAMBAKKAM
Bearing retainers Cam Brakes
Rocker Shaft supports Calipers
Torque plates Brake shoes
Brake disc Caliper Pads
Caliper housing & Carriers
1.4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
REVIEW OF LITERATURE FROM ARTICLES ON EMPLOYEES SAFETY AND
HEALTH

Quality and Safety in Health Care

Copyright © 2005 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
Correspondence to:
J B Colla ScD
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, 7251
Strasenburgh Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Judith.Colla@dartmouth.edu
Nine surveys were found that measured the patient safety climate of an organization.
All used Likert scales, mostly to measure attitudes of individuals. Nearly all covered five
common dimensions of patient safety climate: leadership, policies and procedures, staffing,
communication, and reporting. The strength of psychometric testing varied. While all had
been used to compare units within or between hospitals, only one had explored the association
between organizational climate and patient outcomes.

Relative Effectiveness of Worker Safety and Health Training Methods

Michael J. Burke, PhD, Sue Ann Sarpy, PhD, Kristin Smith-Crowe, PhD, Suzanne
Chan-Serafin, BA, Rommel O. Salvador, MBA and Gazi Islam, BA
As training methods became more engaging (i.e., requiring trainees’ active
participation), workers demonstrated greater knowledge acquisition, and reductions were seen
in accidents, illnesses, and injuries. All methods of training produced meaningful behavioral
performance improvements.

The Ecology of Work and Health:

Research and Policy Directions for the Promotion of Employee Health
Daniel Stokols, PhD ,Kenneth R. Pelletier, PhD, MD ,Jonathan E. Fielding, MD, MPH, MBA
This article identifies new research and policy directions for the field of worksite
health in the context of the changing workplace.

These directions are viewed from an ecological perspective on worksite health and are
organized around three major themes: (1) the joint influence of physical and social
environmental factors on occupational health, (2) the effects of non occupational settings
(e.g., households, the health care system) on employee well-being and the implications of
recent changes in these settings for worksite health programs, and (3) methodological issues
in the design and evaluation of worksite health programs. Developments in these areas
suggest that the field of worksite health may be undergoing a fundamental paradigm shift
away from individually oriented wellness programs (provided at the worksite and aimed
primarily at changing employees' health behavior) and toward broader formulations
emphasizing the joint impact of the physical and social environment at work, job-person fit,
and work policies on employee well-being.
 CHAPTER II
MAIN THEME OF THE STUDY

2.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To study and analyze the effectiveness of Employee Safety and Health at Tvs Brakes
India Limited.

 To trace the causes of accident in the work place.

 To study to which extent employees are practicing safety and health in the real work
situation.

 To assess the management commitment towards employees safety and health.

 To suggest suitable measures for improving employees safety and health.

2.2 SCOPE FOR THE FURTHER STUDY

• The project throws light on the need for learning Employees Safety & Health.

• The project was developed based on the employees expectation.

• It will be helpful for the management to improve the Employees Safety & Health
measures in the organization.

• This study would be a base for the researchers who are carry survey for the same.

• The study also helps the concern for the further enhancement for their manufacturing
with employee’s safety & health by elaborating the current survey.
2.3NEED FOR THE STUDY

• The success of any manufacturing organization depends largely on the workers. The
employees are considered as the backbone of Tvs Brakes India Limited.

• The study was mainly undertaken to identify the level of employees Safety & Health
measures in the organization.

• Once the Employees Safety & Health Measures are identified it would be possible for
the management to improve the employees safety and health.

• This study can serve as a basis for measuring causes for the accident in the workplace.

• This study can be helpful for the management to identify the key factors for improving
employees safety and health with the help of suggestion and conclusion
2.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH
Research is a process in which the researcher wishes to find out the end result for a
given problem and thus the solution helps in future course of action. The research has been
defined as “A careful investigation or enquiry especially through search for new fact in any
branch of knowledge”.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The procedure using, which researchers go about their work of describing, explaining
and predicting phenomena, is called Methodology. Methods compromise the procedures used
for generating, collecting, and evaluating data. Methods are the ways of obtaining information
useful for assessing explanation.

TYPES OF RESEARCH
The type of research used in this project is descriptive in nature. Descriptive research
is essentially a fact finding related largely to the present, abstracting generations by cross
sectional study of the current situation .The descriptive methods are extensively used in the
physical and natural science, for instance when physics measures, biology classifies, zoology
dissects and geology studies the rock. But its use in social science is more common, as in
socio economic surveys and job and activity analysis.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH AIMS AT

• To portray the characteristics of a particular individual situation or group(with or
without specific initial hypothesis about the nature of this characteristics).
• To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else( usually , but not always ,with a specific initial
hypothesis).
The descriptive method has certain limitation; one is that the research may make description
itself an end itself.

Research is essentially creative and demands the discovery of facts on order to lead a
solution of the problem. A second limitation is associated whether the statistical techniques
dominate. The desire to over emphasis central tendencies and to fact in terms of Average,
Correlation, Means and dispersion may not always be either welcome.
This limitation arises because statistics which is partly a descriptive tool of analysis can aid
but not always explain casual relation.

DESIGN OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES:

Descriptive studies aim at portraying accurately the characteristics of a particular
group or solution. One may under take a descriptive study about the work in the factory,
health and welfare. A descriptive study may be concerned with the right to strike, capital
punishment, prohibition etc.
A descriptive study involves the following steps:
1. Formulating the objectives of the study .
2. Defining the population and selecting the sample .
3. Designing the method of data collection .
4. Analysis of the data .
5. Conclusion and recommendation for further improvement in the practices.

RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design is the specification of the method and procedure for acquiring the
information needed to solve the problem.
The research design followed for this research study is descriptive research design where we
find a solution to an existing problem. The problem of this study is to find the effectiveness of
Employees Safety & Health at Tvs Brakes India Limited.

UNIVERSE AND SAMPLING:

This study was restricted to the blue collar employees. Out of the universe of 269 blue
collars, a sample of 100 respondents was selected by simple random sampling method. All the
opinions expressed herein are the contribution by the respondents only.
DATA COLLECTION METHOD
Survey method is considered the best method for data collection and the tool used for
data collection are Questionnaire. Private individuals, research workers, private and public
organizations and even government are adopting it. In this method a questionnaire is collected
through personal interview. A questionnaire consists of a number of question involves both
specific and general question related to Employees Safety & Health.

SOURCES OF DATA
The two sources of data collection are namely primary & secondary.
• Primary data
Primary data are fresh data collected through survey from the employees using
questionnaire.
• Secondary data
Secondary data are collected from books, internet and various journals, magazines
etc.

STATISTICAL TOOLS USED

• PERCENTAGE METHOD
In this project percentage method test and used. The following are the formula

Percentage of Respondent = No. of Respondent x 100

Total no. of Respondent

• CHI - SQUARE Analysis

In this project chi- square test was used. This test is used to test significance of
association between two attributes. Chi- square, symbolically written as χ 2 (pronounce as
Ki- square), is a statistical measure used in the context of sampling analysis for comparing
a variance to a theoretical variance. Formula for finding chi square is
χ2 = ∑(O-E)2/ E
 In this study chi-square is to find the association between respondents
gender and respondents accident proneness, respondents accident proneness and enough
training for the employees & employees work load and the approach of the organization .

• CORRELATION ANALYSIS
Correlation Analysis is a statistical technique used to measure the magnitude
of linear relationship between two variables. Correlation Analysis is not used in isolation
to describe the relationship between variables. To analyze the relation between two
variables, two prominent correlation coefficient are used –the Pearson product correlation
coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient .
In this study the Pearson product correlation coefficient is used to find the correlation
coefficient between respondents awareness level at the time of joining with employees
participation in suggestion scheme & respondents awareness level at present and the
counseling .
This is also known as simple correlation coefficient and is denoted by “r”.The “r”
value ranges from -1, through 0, to +1.It is calculated using the formula
r = ∑ xy / √∑ x2.∑ y2
 2.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

• The study is based upon the small population size of 100 samples at Tvs
Brakes India Limited.

• Data were only collected from shop- floor employees

• Time available for this research work was a limiting factor.

• The study is based on the effectiveness of Employees Safety & Health measures. It
does not explore the pros and corns on the side of employers.
 CHAPTER: III0
RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS & ANALYSIS
3.1 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
DISTRIBUTION OF REPONDENTS BY THEIR DESIGNATION

Table No. : 3.1.1

S.NO. DESIGNATION No. Of PERCENTAGE
Respondent
1 Apprentice 11 11
2 Temporary 0perating
trainees 31 31
3 Operators 31 31
4 Contract Labour 15 15
5 Executives 12 12
Total 100 100

CHART No. :3.1.1

Respondent Designation
40

30

20
Percent

10

0
Apperendice Operators Executives
Temporaryoperating Contract labours

Respondent Designation

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 11% of the respondents are Apprendice.31% of
the respondents are Temporary operating trainees.31% of the respondents are Operators. 15%
of the respondents are Contract labours and 12% of the respondents are Executives.
DISTRIBUTION OF REPONDENTS BY THEIR AGE

Table No. : 3.1.2

S.NO. Age No. Of Percentage (%)
Respondents
1. <25 54 54
2 26-30 21 21
3 31-35 22 22
4. 36-40 3 3
5. >40 Years 0 0
Total 100 100

CHART No.: 3.1.2

REPONDENTS OF THEIR AGE

INFERENCE
From the above table it was inferred that 54% of the respondents are above 25 years. .
22% of the respondents belong to the age group of 31-35 and the remaining 24% of the
respondents belong to the age group of 26-30 and 36-40.
DISTRIBUTION OF REPONDENTS BY THEIR EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

Table No. : 3.1.3

S.NO. EDUCATIONAL NO. OF PERCENTAGE
QUALIFICATION RESPONDENTS
1. SSLC/HSC 47 47
2. ITI 16 16
3. Diploma 17 17
4. Graduation 17 17
5. Post-Graduation 3 3
Total 100 100

CHART No. :3.1.3

RespondentsEducational qualification
50

40

30

20
Percent

10

0
SSLC/HSC Diploma Post Graduation
ITI Graduation

RespondentsEducational qualification

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 47% of the respondents have an educational
qualification of SSLC/HSC. 16% of the respondents have an educational qualification of ITI.
34%of the respondents have an educational qualification of Diploma and Graduation and the
remaining 3% are post graduation.
 DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY THEIR ACCIDENT PRONENESS

Table No. : 3.1.4

S.NO. Accident No. of Percentage
proneness Respondents
1 Yes 22 22
2. No 78 78
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.4

RespondentsAccident Proneness

Yes

No

.
INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 22% of the respondents have accident
proneness and 78% of the respondents have no accident proneness

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY THEIR MAJOR REASONS FOR THE

 WORK PLACE ACCIDENT

Table No. : 3.1.5

S.NO. Work Place No. of Respondents Percentage
Accident
1 Work based 11 11
2 Worker based 89 89
Total 100 100

CHART 3.15
MAJOR RESONS FOR THE WORK PLACE ACCIDENTS

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 11% of the work place accidents owing to work
and the remaining 89% of work place accidents owing to workers.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY THEIR MAJOR REASONS FOR THE

WORKER BASED ACCIDENT
 Table No. : 3.1.6
S.NO. Worker Based Accident No. of Respondents Percentage

1 Lack of adequate skill 1 1

2 Neglecting safety devices 7 7
3 Unsafe material handling 78 78
4 Disturbed mental condition 6 6
5 Unsafe speed 8 8
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.6

MAJOR CAUSES FOR THE WORKER RELATED ACCIDENT

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 78% of the worker based accidents due to
unsafe material handling. 8% of the worker based accidents due to unsafe speed and the
remaining 14% of the worker based accidents due to lack of adequate skill, Neglecting safety
devices, Disturbed mental condition.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR SIGNIFICANT

AWARENESS LEVEL AT THE TIME OF JOINING
 Table No. : 3.1.7
S.No. Awareness level at No. of Percentage
the time of joining Respondents
1 Very High 1 1
2 High 25 25
3 Low 6 6
4 Very Low 51 51
5 None 17 17
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.7.

Awareness level at the time of joining

60

50

40

30

20
Percent

10

0
Very high High Low Very low None

Awareness level at the time of joining

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that awareness of 1% of respondents have very high
at the time of joining 25% of respondents have high awareness at the time of joining and the
remaining 74% of respondents have low, very low and no awareness at the time of joining .
 DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR SIGNIFICANT
AWARENESS AT PRESENT

Table No. : 3.1.8

S.No. Awareness level at No. of Percentage
present Respondents
1 Yes 96 96
2. No 4 4
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.8

AWARNESS LEVEL AT THE PRESENT

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 96% of the respondents have awareness at
present and 4 % of the respondents have no awareness at present.
 DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR SIGNIFICANT
AWARENESS THROUGH

Table No. : 3.1.9

S.No. Awareness Through No. of Percentage
Respondents
1 Motion Pictures 59 59
2 Written brouchers 5 5
3 Colleagues 9 9
4 Manager in Person 27 27
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.9

Awareness through
70

60

50

40

30

20
Percent

10

0
Motion pictures colleagues
Written brouchers Manager inperson

Awareness through

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 59% of the respondents acquired the
knowledge through motion pictures, 27% of the respondents through manager in person and
the remaining 14% of the respondents through written brouchers, colleagues.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE WORK LOAD IN

ORGANISATION
 Table No. : 3.1.10
S.No Acceptable Level Of No. of Percentage
Work Load Respondents
1 Yes 58 58
2 No 42 42
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.10

EMPLOYEES WORK LOAD

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 58% of the respondents have satisfactory level
of work load in the organization and the remaining 42% have unsatisfactory level of work
load.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON ENOUGH TRAINING

Table NO. :3.1.11

 S.NO. Enough Training No. of Percentage
Regarding Employees Respondents
Safety an Health
1 Yes 36 36
2 No 64 64
Total 100 100

CHART NO. : 3.1.11

ENOUGH TRAINING FOR THE EMPLOYEES

INFERENCE
From the above table it is evident that 36% 0f the respondents said that they get
enough training regarding employee’s safety and health and 64% 0f the respondents opposed
this.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE EMPLOYEES INTEREST

TO PARTICIPATE IN SUGGESTION SCHEME

Table No. : 3.1.12

 S.No. Employee interest No. of Percentage
Respondents
1 Yes 92 92
2 No 8 8
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.12

EMPLOYEES INTREST

INFERENCE
From the above table it is evident that 92% 0f the respondents have interest to
participate in suggestion scheme regarding employee’s safety and health and 8% of the
respondents have no interest.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE EMPLOYEES LEVEL OF

PARTICIPATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION

Table No.: 3.1.13

 S.No. Employees level of No. of Percentage
participation in Respondents
implementation
1 Very High 6 6
2 High 26 26
3 Low 5 5
4 Very Low 26 26
5 None 37 37
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1..13

Employees participation
40

30

20

10
Percent

0
Very high High Low Very low None

Employees participation

INFERENCE
From the above table it is evident that participation level of 6% 0f the respondents
have very high ,26% 0f the respondents have high and the remaining 68% 0f the respondents
have low, very low and no participation.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE

FREQUENCY OF SAFETY TRAINING

Table No. : 3.1.14

 S.No. Frequency of No. of Percentage
safety training Respondents
1 Weekly 16 16
2 Monthly 21 21
3 Yearly 63 63
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.14

Frequency of safety training

70

60

50

40

30

20
Percent

10

0
Weekly Monthly Yearly

Frequency of safety training

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 16% of the respondents said that every week
safety training conducted in the organization. 21% of the respondents said that every month
safety training conducted in the organization and 63 % of the respondents said that every year
safety training conducted in the organization.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE TRAINING PROGRAMMES

TABLE 3.1.15
 SINO TRAINING NO. RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE%
PROGRAMMES
1 Class Room 24 24
2 On the job training 35 35
3 Audio Visual 29 29
4 Others 12 12
TOTAL 100 100

CHART 3.1.15

TRAINING PROGRAMMES

INFERENCE:

In the above table is clearly determine that 24% respondent need class room training
programme, 35% respondent need on the job training programme,29% respondent are audio
visual training programme and 12% respondent need other training programme.
 DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE REASONS FOR THE
STRESS RELIEF MEASURES

Table No. : 3.1.16

S.No. Stress Relief Measures No. of
Respondents Percentage

1 Reasonable hours of 15 15
work
2 Rest pauses 20 20
3 Holidays and leave with 26 26
pay
4 Appreciating employees 39 39
for their work
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.16

Stress relief Measures

50

40

30

20
Percent

10

0
Reasonablehours of Holidays andleavew
Rest pauses or break Apperciatingemploye

Stressrelief Measures

INFERENCE
From the above table it is found that for the stress relief measures 15% of the
respondents have reasonable hours of work, 20% of the respondents have rest pauses,26% of
the respondents have holidays and leave with pay and 39% of the respondents have
appreciating employees for their work.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

Table No. : 3.1.17

S.No. Recreational No. of Percentage
facilities Respondents
1 Yes 46 46
2 No 54 54
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.17

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 46% of respondents state that they have
recreational facilities and 54% of respondents state that they have no recreational facilities.
 DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE
PRACTICING METHOD OF ERGONOMICS

Table No. : 3.1.18

S.No. The No. of Percentage
Practicing Respondents
method
Ergonomics
1 Yes 2 2
2 No 98 98
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.18

Practicing method of Ergonomics

Yes

No

INFERENCE
From the above table it is found that 2% of the respondents said that they are
practicing the method of Ergonomics and 98% of the respondents said that they are not
practicing the method of Ergonomics.
 DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE COUNSELING

Table No. : 3.1.19

S.No. Counseling No. of Percentage
Respondents
1 Yes 7 7
2 No 93 93
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.19

Counselingfor theemployees

Yes

No

INFERENCE
From the above table it is evident that 7% of the respondents said that they have
counseling for the employees concerning personal and technical problems and 93% of the
respondents opposed this.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE PRE EMPLOYMENT AND

 POST EMPLOYMENT MEDICAL CHECK

Table No. : 5.20

YOUR MEDICAL CHECK UP

SINO YOUR MEDICAL CHECK NO. PERCENTAGE%

UP RESPONDENT
1 Special camp 29 29
2 Hospital 36 36
3 Health Department 16 16
4 Others 19 19
TOTAL 100 100

CHART 5.20

YOUR MEDICAL CHECK UP

INFERENCE:

In the above table state that the medical check up conducted 29% respondent on special
camp, 36% respondent on hospital, 16% on health department and 19% respondent on other
place.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THE

 APPROACH OF THE ORGANIZATION

Table No. : 5.21

S.No. Approach of the No. of Percentage
organization Respondents
1 Flexible 17 17
2 People oriented 15 15
3 Transparent 32 32
4 Production Oriented 36 36
Total 100 100

CHART No. : 3.1.21

APPROACH OF THE ORGANISATION

INFERENCE
From the above table it is found that 17% of the respondents feels flexible towards the
approach of the organization. 15% of the respondents feels the approach of the organization as
people oriented. 32% of the respondents feels Transparent towards the approach of the
organization and 36% of the respondents feels the approach of the organization as production
oriented.

Table No. : 3.1.22

 ANALYSIS USING CHI-SQUARE
TO FIND THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RESPONDENTS QUALIFICATION AND
THE RESPONDENTS ACCEPTABLE LEVEL OF WORK LOAD
Observed count

S. Qualification Acceptable level of work load

No.
Yes No Total

1 SSLLC/HSC 30 17 47

2 ITI 3 13 16

3 Diploma 10 7 17

4 Graduation 13 4 17
Post
5 graduation 2 1 3

6 Total 58 42 100

Expected count
 S. Qualifica Acceptable level of work load
No. tion
Yes No Total

1 SSLLC/HSC 27.26 19.74 47

6.72
2 ITI 9.28 16

7.14
3 Diploma 9.86 17

7.14
4 Graduation 9.86 17
Post
1.26
5 graduation 1.74 3

42
6 Total 58 100

Null Hypothesis:
There is no significant difference between respondents gender and the respondents
accident proneness.

Chi- square
O E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/ E

30 27.26 7.50 0.28

17 19.74 7.50 0.38
 3 9.28 39.43 4.24
13 6.72 39.43 5.87

10 9.86 0.02 2.03

7 7.14 0.02 2.80

13 9.86 9.86 1

4 7.14 9.86 1.38

2 1.74 0.06 0.03

1 1.26 0.06 0.04

∑(O-E)2/ E =18.05
Degrees of Freedom = 4
Tabulated Value for χ 2 for 4 degree of freedom @ 5% level of
Significance is 9.488

Calculated Value > Tabulated Value

Therefore HO is rejected.

INFERENCE
There is significant association between respondents gender and the respondents
accident proneness

ANALYSIS USING CHI-SQUARE

TO FIND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RESPONDENTS ACCIDENT PRONENESS AND

ENOUGH TRAINING FOR THE EMPLOYEES
 Observed count
Enough training
S.No. Accident for the employees
Proneness Total
Yes No
1 Yes 7 15 22
2 No 29 49 78
Total 36 64 100

Expected count

Enough training
S.No. Accident for the employees
Proneness Total
Yes No
1 Yes 7.9 14.1 22
2 No 28.1 49.9 78
Total 36.0 64.0 100

Null Hypothesis:
There is no significant difference between respondents accident proneness and enough
training for the employees

Chi- square
O E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/ E
7 7.9 0.81 0.1025
29 28.1 0.81 0.0288
15 14.1 0.81 0.057
49 49.9 0.81 0.016
∑(O-E) / E = 0.2043
2

Degrees of Freedom = 1
Tabulated Value for χ 2 for 1degree of freedom @ 5% level of
 Significance is 3.841
Calculated Value < Tabulated Value
Therefore HO is accepted

INFERENCE
There is a significant association between respondents accident proneness and enough
training for the employees.

ANALYSIS USING CHI-SQUARE

TO FIND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EMPLOYEES WORK LOAD AND THE

APPROACH OF THE ORGANIZATION

Observed count
 S. Acceptable Approach of the organization
No. level of
work load Flexible Transparent People Production Total
oriented
1 Yes 11 12 15 20 58
2 No 6 3 17 16 42

Total 17 15 32 36 100

Expected count
Approach of the organization
S. Acceptable
No. level of Flexible Transparent People Production Total
work load oriented
1 Yes 9.9 8.7 18.6 20.9 58
2 No 7.1 6.3 13.4 15.1 42

Total 17 15 32 36 100

Null Hypothesis:
There is no significant difference between the employees work load and the approach
of the organization.

Chi- square
O E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/ E
11 9.9 1.21 0.122
6 7.1 1.21 0.170
12 8.7 10.89 1.251
3 6.3 10.89 1.728
15 18.6 12.96 0.696
17 13.4 12.96 0.967
20 20.9 0.81 0.038
 16 15.1 0.81 0.053
∑(O-E) / E = 5.025
2

Degrees of Freedom = 2
Tabulated Value for χ 2 for 2 degree of freedom @ 5% level of
Significance is 5.991
Calculated Value < Tabulated Value
Therefore HO is accepted

INFERENCE
There is a significant association between the employees work load and the approach
of the organization.

ANALYSIS USING CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

TO FIND CORRELATION COEFFICIENT BETWEEN RESPONDENTS AWARENESS

LEVEL AT THE TIME OF JOINING AND THE EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION

Let,
X be the respondents awareness level at the time of joining
Y be the employees participation in suggestion scheme

X Y x x2 y y2 Xy
 1 6 -19 361 -14 196 266
25 26 5 25 6 36 30
6 5 -14 196 -15 225 210
51 26 31 961 6 36 186
17 37 -3 9 17 289 -51
∑ x =1552
2
∑ y = 782 ∑ xy=641
2

r = ∑ xy
√∑ x2.∑ y2
= 641

√1552*782
r = 0.5816
INFERENCE
The value of ‘r’ indicates that is a positive correlation exist between two variables,
respondents awareness level at the time of joining and the employees participation. Hence it
can be concluded that as the awareness level increases, employees participation in suggestion
also increases.

ANALYSIS USING CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

TO FIND THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT BETWEEN RESPONDENTS

AWARENESS LEVEL AT PRESENT AND THE COUNSELING

Let,
X be the respondents awareness level at present
Y be the counseling

X Y x x2 y y2 Xy
7 96 -43 1849 46 2116 -1978
93 4 43 1849 -46 2116 -1978
∑ x = 3698
2
∑ y = 4232 ∑ xy=3956
2
 r = ∑ xy
√∑ x2.∑ y2
= 3956

√3698 *4232
r =1
INFERENCE
The value of ‘r’ indicates that a high degree of positive correlation exist between two
variables, respondents awareness level at present and the counseling.

3.2 FINDINGS FROM THE STUDY

• It is found that 31% of the respondents are Temporary operating
trainees.31% of the respondents are Operators.
• It is found that 54% of the respondents are above 25 years.
• It is found that 47% of the respondents have an educational qualification of
SSLC/HSC.
• It is evident that majority of the respondents have no accident proneness.
• It is found that most of work place accidents owing to workers.
• It is found that 78% of the worker based accidents due to unsafe material handling.
• It is found that 51% of the respondents have no awareness concerning Employees
Safety & Health at the time of joining.
• It is astonished that at present majority of the respondents have awareness concerning
 Employees Safety & Health.
• It is evident that 59% of the respondents acquired the knowledge regarding Employees
Safety & Health through motion pictures.
• It is found that 58% of the respondents have satisfactory level of work load in the
organization.
• It is found that 64% of the respondents have no sufficient training about Employees
Safety & Health.
• It is evident that 92% of the respondents have interest to participate in suggestion
scheme regarding employees safety and health.
• It is found that participation level of 37% of the respondents participation level is
none.
• It is found that 63 % of the respondents states that every year safety training is
conducted in the organization.
• It is evident that most of the respondents states that they have inadequate first aid
facilities.
• It is found that 39% of the respondents states appreciating employees for their work as
a stress relief measure.
• It is evident that 54% of respondents state that they have no recreational facilities.
• It is found that 98% of the respondents said that they are not practicing the method of
Ergonomics.
• It is found that 92% of the respondents said that they have no counseling for the
employees pertaining to personal and technical problems.
• It is found that 63% respondents states that they have no pre employment and post
employment medical check.
• It is evident that most of the respondents feels that the organization approach is mainly
towards production.
3.3 SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 The major cause for the workplace accidents that occur in the organization is unsafe
handling of material. So the vestibule training method can be included in employee
training program.

 The frequency of safety training for the employees on safety and health can be altered
to monthly once instead of yearly twice.

 Proper maintaining of adequate First aid facilities should be ensured.

 The rest room should be reconstructed with sufficient space and the sports center
 facility can also be extended to temporary labours.

 Ergonomics method should be followed. In an ergonomic workplace tools are

designed to fit individual capabilities and limitation so that people can do their job
without being injured.

 Work environment causes number of problems, counseling enables to overcome

personal and technical problems.

 A careful Pre employment and Post employment medical check up can also be
extended to temporary labours.

3.4 CONCLUSIONS

This analysis will give a clear idea as to the situation of a large number of accidents
that occur in the organization and the steps that an organization should take to reduce these
accidents and to prevent them from occurring in future.

Some of the suggested measures for improving employees safety and health include
vestibule training method, first aid facilities, recreational facilities, counseling program, pre
employment and post employment medical check up for improving the effectiveness of
employees safety and health.

The findings of the survey will be utilized to bring about the necessary changes in
Employees Safety & Health procedures in the company.

The above concept could be better envisaged to bring about the better safety and health
for the employees by inculcating the concept of Ergonomics.

APPENDICES
QUESTIONNAIRE
A Study on Effectiveness of Employees Safety and Health at Tvs Brakes India
Limited – Chennai.

I. PERSONAL DETAILS

1. Department :

2. Designation :

3. Age :
a. < 25 yrs b.26-30 yrs c. 31-35 yrs d.36-40 yrs e. > 40yrs

4. Educational Qualification
a. SSLC/HSC b. ITI c. Diploma d. Graduation
e. Post Graduation

5. Total Work Experience

a. < 1 yrs b. 2-4 yrs c.5-7 yrs d. 8-10 yrs e.>10 yrs

II. CAUSES OF ACCIDENT

6. Do you have accident proneness (fear)?

a. Yes b No

If Yes, specific reason

a. Personal problems c. Environmental Problems
b. Technical problem

7. The major reasons for the Work place accident

a. Work Based b. Worker Based

8. The major reasons for Work related accident that occur in the organization
a. Improper lighting e. Polluted work place
b. Unsafe & careless house keeping
c. Improper Ventilation f. Inadequate Safety Devices
d. If others mention

9. what are the worker based causes for the accident that occur in the accident
a. Lack of adequate skill e. Disturbed mental condition
b. Neglecting safety devices f. Unsafe speed
c. Unsafe material handling
d. Others Mention

III. EMPLOYEES COMMITMENT

10. Is Good safety& health measures to work and individual recognition is need
for improving work efficiency
a. Strongly agree d. Disagree
b. Agree e .Strongly disagree
c. Neither agree nor disagree

11. At the time of joining, your awareness level of Employees safety & health measures?
a. Very High b. High c. Low d. Very low e. None

12. At present, do you aware of Employees Safety & Health measures?

a. Yes b. No

If Yes, through which

a. Motion Pictures c. colleagues
b. written brouchers d. Manager in person

13. Is your work load is acceptable in the organization?

a. Yes b. No

IV. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

14. Do you get enough training from the company regarding Employees Safety & Health?
a. Yes b. No

15. Which type of training Programmes are more effective to the employees?
a. Class room b. On the job training c. Audio visual d. Others

16. Your level of participation in the implementation of Safety & Health Procedures in your
organization
a. Very High b. High c. Low d. Very low e. None

17. The frequency of safety training conducted in the organization

a. Weekly b. Monthly c. Yearly

18. How do you feel about the approach from the organization?
a. Flexible c. People oriented
b. Transparent d. Product oriented

V. MEASURES

19. Infra-structural facility :

Specify the level of satisfaction

Highly Highly
Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied
Satisfied Dissatisfied
Rest room
Drinking water
Ventilation
Lighting
Toilets
Working
environment
Transportation

20. Find the reasons for Stress relief measures

a. Reasonable hours of work
b. Rest Pauses or break in working hours
c. Holidays and leave with pay
d. Appreciating employees for their work

21. Does the company provide recreational facilities?

a. Yes b. No

22. The frequency of accidents is high in the organization during

a .First Shift b .Second Shift c .Third Shift d. None

23. Is your practicing method of work is based on Ergonomics (designing tools and work
based on the capabilities & limitation of work)?
a. Yes b. No

24. Are they giving counseling for the employees?

a. Yes b. No

25. What kind of medical checkup has conducted in pre- employment and post- employment?
a. Special camp b. Hospital c. Health Department d. others

APPENDICES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

1. Mamoria, C.B., Gankar, s.v., Personnel Management,

Himalaya publishing House, Mumbai.

2. Bolley, J.W., A Guide to Effective Industrial Safety, Gulf Publishing House, Texas, 1977.

3. Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology , New Age International (p) Ltd., Publishers , New
Delhi, 1985
4. Human Resource Management, The ICFAI Center for Management Research, Banjara
Hills, Hyderabad.

WEB SITES

1. www.mba.net
2. www/Managementhelp.org/
3. www.hrcouncil.co
4. www.zeromillion .com/business/personnel
5. Judith.colla@dartmouth.edu
6 mburkel@tunlane.edu