7.4 – EXERCÍCIOS – pg.

309

Nos exercícios de 1 a 35, calcular a integral indefinida.

sen x
1. ∫ x
dx

Fazendo
1 −12 dx
u= x ⇒ du = x dx =
2 2 x
Temos:
I = −2 cos x + C .

2. ∫ cos x cox (sen x ) dx

Fazendo:
u = sen x
du = cos x dx
Temos que:
∫ cos x cox (sen x ) dx = sen (sen x ) + C .
sen 2 x
3. ∫
cos x
dx

Temos:
2 sen x cos x
I =∫ dx
cos x
= 2 ∫ sen x dx = −2 cos x + C

∫ x tg (x )
2
4. + 1 dx
Fazendo:
u = x2 +1
du = 2 xdx
Temos:
1
I = ∫ tg u du
2
1 sen u 1
= ∫ du = − ln cos u + C
2 cos u 2
1 1
=−
2
( ) ( )
ln cos x 2 + 1 + C = ln sec x 2 + 1 + C.
2

541
 ( x )dx
cot g 1
5. ∫ x2
Fazendo:
1 1
u= → du = − 2 dx
x x
Temos:
I = − ∫ cot g u du
cos u
= −∫ du
sen u
= − ln sen u + C
= − ln sen 1 + C.
x

6. ∫ sec ( x + 1) dx
Fazendo:
u = x + 1 → du = dx
Temos:
sec u (sec u + tg u )
I =∫ du
sec u + tg u
sec 2 u + sec u . tg u
=∫ du.
sec u + tg u
Considerando:
u * = sec u + tg u
(
du * = sec 2 u + sec u . tg u du )
Finalizamos:
I = ln sec u + tg u + C
= ln sec ( x + 1) + tg ( x + 1) + C.

7. ∫ sen(wt + θ ) dt
Fazendo:
u = wt + θ → du = wdt
Temos:
1
I = − cos (wt + θ ) + C.
w

∫ x cos ec x
2
8. dx
Fazendo:
u = x 2 → du = 2 xdx
Temos:

542
 1
2∫
I= cos ec u du

1
= ln cos ec u − cot g u + C
2
1
= ln cos ec x 2 − cot g x 2 + C.
2

9. ∫ cos x . tg (sen x ) dx
Fazendo:
u = sen x → du = cos x dx
Temos:
I = ∫ tg u du
= − ln cos u + C
= − ln cos (sen x ) + C
= ln sec (sen x ) + C.

∫ sen (2 x + 1) dx
3
10.
Fazendo:
u = 2x + 1
du = 2dx
Temos:
1
I = ∫ sen3u du
2
1
(
= ∫ sen u 1 − cos 2 u du
2
)
1
(
= ∫ sen u − cos 2 u sen u du
2
)
1 cos3 u 
= − cos u + +C
2 3 
1 1 
=  − cos (2 x + 1) + cos 3 (2 x + 1) + C.
2 3 

11. ∫ cos 5 (3 − 3 x ) dx
Fazendo:
u = 3 − 3 x → du = −3dx
Temos:

543
 1
3∫
I =− cos 5 u du

1
3∫
=− cos 4 u cos u du

1
(
= − ∫ cos u − 2 sen 2u cos u + sen 4u cos u du
3
)
1 2 1 
= −  senu − sen 3u + sen5u  + C
3 3 5 
1 2 1
= − sen (3 − 3 x ) + sen 3 (3 − 3 x ) − sen5 (3 − 3 x ) + C.
3 9 15

(
12. ∫ 2 x sen 4 x 2 − 1 dx )
Fazendo:
u = x2 −1
du = 2 xdx
Temos:

∫ (sen u ) du
2
∫ sen u du =
4 2

2
 1 − cos 2u 
= ∫  du
 2 
1
∫ 4 (1 − 2 cos 2u + cos )
2
= 2u du

1 1 1 1
= u − . sen 2u + ∫ cos 2 2u du
4 2 2 4
1 1 1 1 + cos 4 u
= u − sen 2u + ∫ du
4 4 4 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
= u − sen 2u + u + . . sen 4u + C
4 4 8 4 2 4
1 1 1 1
= u − sen 2u + u + sen 4u + C
4 4 8 32
3 1 1
= u − sen 2u + sen 4u + C
8 4 32
3 2 1 1
=
8
( ) ( )
x − 1 − sen 2 x 2 − 1 + sen 4 x 2 − 1 + C
4 32
( )

(
13. ∫ e 2 x cos 2 e 2 x − 1 dx )
Fazendo:

544
u = e2x − 1
du = 2 e 2 x dx
Temos:
1
I = ∫ cos 2 u du
2
1 1 1 
=  u + sen 2u  + C
2 2 4 
1 1
= u + sen 2u + C
4 8
1 1
( ) (
= e 2 x − 1 + sen 2 e 2 x − 2 + C.
4 8
)

∫ sen
3
14. 2θ cos 4 2θ dθ
Fazendo:
u = 2θ → du = 2dθ
Temos:
1
I = ∫ sen3u cos 4 u du
2
1
( )
= ∫ 1 − cos 2 u sen u cos 4 u du
2
1
(
= ∫ cos 4 u sen u − cos 6 u sen u du
2
)
1  cos 5 u cos 7 u 
= − + +C
2 5 7 
−1 5 1
= cos 2θ + cos 7 2θ + C.
10 14

∫ sen (1 − 2θ )cos (1 − 2θ ) dθ
3 3
15.
Fazendo:
u = 1 − 2θ
du = −2dθ
Temos:

545
 1
2∫
I =− sen3u cos 3 u du

1
=−
2∫
( )
sen 3u 1 − sen 2u cos u du

1
(
= − sen3u cos u − sen5u cos u du
2
)
1  sen 4u sen 6u 
=−  − +C
2 4 6 
1 1
= − sen 4u + sen 6u + C
8 12
1 1
= − sen 4 (1 − 2θ ) + sen 6 (1 − 2θ ) + C.
8 12

Outra maneira

1
I=−
2 ∫ sen3u cos 3 u du

1
( )
= − ∫ 1 − cos 2 u sen u cos3u du
2
1 1
= cos 4 u − cos 6 u + C
8 12
1 1
= cos 4 (1 − 2θ ) − cos 6 (1 − 2θ ) + C
8 12

∫ sen (t − 1)cos (t − 1) dt
19
16.
Fazendo:
u = t −1
du = dt
Temos:
I = ∫ sen19u cos u du
sen 20u sen 20 (t − 1)
= +C = + C.
20 20

1
∫ θ tg (ln θ )dθ
3
17.
Fazendo:

546
u = ln θ
dθ
du =
θ
Temos:
I = ∫ tg 3u du
1
( )
= ∫ tgu sec 2 u − 1 du = tg 2u − ∫ tg u du
2
1 2
= tg u + ln cos u + C
2
1 2
= tg (ln θ ) + ln cos (ln θ ) + C.
2

18. ∫ tg 3 x cos 4 x dx
Temos:
sen 3 x
I=∫ . cos 4 x dx
cos 3 x
= ∫ sen 3 x cos x dx
sen 4x
= + C.
4

19. ∫ cos 4 x dx
Temos:
1 3
I = cos 3 x sen x + ∫ cos 2 x dx
4 4
1 3 1 1 
= cos 3 x sen x +  cos x sen x + ∫ dx 
4 4 2 2 
1 3 3
= cos 3 x sen x + cos x sen x + x + C.
4 8 8

20. ∫ tg 4 x dx
Temos:

547
 sen 4 x
I= ∫ cos4 x dx
(
sen 2 x 1 − cos 2 x )
= ∫ cos 4 x
dx

sen 2 x sen 2 x cos 2 x

= ∫ cos4 x ∫ cos 4 x dx
dx −

sen 2 x sen 2 x
= ∫ cos4 x ∫ cos2 x dx
dx −

1 − cos 2 x
∫ ∫ cos2 x dx
2 2
= tg x sec x dx −

tg 3 x
= − ∫ sec 2 x dx + ∫ dx
3
tg 3 x
= − tg x + x + C.
3

sen 2 x
21. ∫ cos 4 x dx
Temos:
I = ∫ tg 2 x sec 2 x dx
tg 2 x
= + C.
3

22. ∫15sen 5 x dx
Temos:
( ) 2
I = 15∫ sen 2 x sen x dx

= 15∫ (1 − cos x ) sen x dx

2 2

= 15∫ (1 − 2 cos x + cos x )sen x dx

2 4

 2 1 
= 15 − cos x + cos3 x − cos 5 x  + C
 3 5 
3 5
= −15 cos x + 10 cos x − 3 cos x + C.

23. ∫ 15 sen 2 x cos 3 x dx

Temos:

548
 ( )
I = 15 ∫ sen 2 x 1 − sen 2 x cos x dx

= 15∫ sen 2 x cos x dx − 15∫ sen 4 x cos x dx

sen 3 x sen 5 x
= 15 − 15 +C
3 5
= 5 sen 3 x − 3 sen 5 x + C.

24. ∫ 48 sen 2 x cos 4 x dx

Temos:
( )
I = 48∫ 1 − cos 2 x cos 4 x dx
= 48∫ cos 4 x dx − 48∫ cos 6 x dx
= 48(I 4 − I 6 )
 1 5 
= 48 I 4 −  cos5 x sen x + I 4  
 6 6 
1 1 
= 48 I 4 − cos 5 xsen x 
6 6 
1 3 
= 8  cos 3 x sen x + I 2 − cos5 x sen x 
4 4 
1 1 
= 2 cos3 x sen x − 8 cos5 x sen x + 6 sen x cos x + x  + C
2 2 
= 2 cos3 x sen x − 8 cos5 x sen x + 3sen x cos x + 3 x + C.

25. ∫ cos 6 3 x dx
Fazendo:
u = 3 x → du = 3dx
Temos:

du 1
∫ cos
6
u. = I6
3 3
1 1 5 15 15 
=  cos 5 u sen u + cos3 u sen u + sen u cos u + u +C
3 6 24 48 48 
1 5 5 5
= cos 5 3 x sen 3 x + cos3 3 xsen3 x + cos 3 x sen 3 x + x + C.
18 72 48 16

549
 − 3 cos 2 x
26. ∫ sen 4 x dx
Temos:
cos 2 x
I = −3∫ dx
sen 2 x sen 2 x
= −3∫ cot g 2 x . cos ec 2 x dx
cot g 3 x
=3 +C
3
= cot g 3 x + C.

27. ∫ sen 3x cos 5 x dx

Temos:
1 1
I = ∫ sen 8 x dx − ∫ sen 2 x dx
2 2
−1 1
= cos 8 x + cos 2 x + C.
16 4

28. ∫ tg 2 5 x dx
Temos:
sen 2 5 x
I=∫ dx
cos 2 5 x
1 − cos 2 5 x
=∫ dx
cos 2 5 x
1
=∫ dx − ∫ dx
cos 2 5 x
= ∫ sec 2 5 x dx − x + C
1
= tg 5 x − x + C.
5

29. ∫ sen w t sen(w t + θ ) dt

Temos:

550
 1
I= ∫ 2 [cos (w t − w t − θ ) − cos (w t − w t − θ )]dt
1
= ∫ 2 (cos(− θ ) − cos (2w t + θ ))dt
1 1 1
= cos θ t − . sen (2 w t + θ ) + C
2 2 2w
1 1
= t cos θ − sen (2 w t + θ ) + C.
2 4w

cos 3 x
30.∫ sen 4 x dx
Temos:
I=∫
(
1 − sen 2 x )
cos x dx
sen 4 x
= ∫ sen − 4 x cos x dx − ∫ sen − 2 x cos x dx
sen − 3 x sen −1
= − +C
−3 −1
−1 1
= 3
+ + C.
3 sen x sen x

31. ∫ sec 4 t cot g 6 t sen 8 t dt

Temos:
1 cos 6 t
∫ cos4 t sen6t . sen t dt
8
I= .

= ∫ cos 2 t sen 2t dt

∫ (cos t sen t ) dt
2
=
2
 sen 2t 
= ∫  dt
 2 
1
= ∫ sen 2 2t dt
4

1 1 1 
I= ∫  − cos 4t dt
4 2 2 
1 1
= t − sen 4t + C.
8 32

551
 x
32. ∫
x −1 2
tg 3 x 2 − 1 dx

Fazendo:
u = x2 −1
xdx
du =
x2 −1
Temos:
I = ∫ tg 3u du
1 2
= tg u − ∫ tg u du
2
1
= tg 2u + ln cos u + C
2
1
= tg 2 x 2 −1 + ln cos x 2 −1 + C.
2

33. ∫ sec 3 (1 − 4 x )dx

Fazendo:
u = 1 − 4 x → du = −4dx
Temos:
1
I = − ∫ sec3 u du
4
1 1 1 
= −  sec u tg u + ∫ sec u du 
4 2 2 
1 1
= − sec u tg u − ln sec u + tg u + C
8 8
1 1
= − sec(1 − 4 x )tg (1 − 4 x ) − ln sec (1 − 4 x ) + tg (1 − 4 x ) + C.
8 8

34. ∫ cos ec 4 (3 − 2 x )dx

Fazendo:
u = 3 − 2 x → du = −2dx

Temos:

552
 1
2∫
I=− cos ec 4u du

1
(
= − ∫ 1 + cot g 2u cos ec 2u du
2
)
1 cot g 3u 
= − − cot g u − +C
2 3 
1 1
= cot g u + cot g 3u + C
2 6
1 1
= cot g (3 − 2 x ) + cot g 3 (3 − 2 x ) + C.
2 6

∫ x cot g (x − 1)cos ec 2 (x 2 − 1) dx
2 2
35.
Fazendo:
u = x2 −1
du = 2 xdx
Temos:
1
I = ∫ cot g 2u cos ec 2u du
2
1 cot g 3u
I =− +C
2 3
1
(
= − cot g 3 x 2 − 1 + C.
6
)

36. Verificar as fórmulas de recorrência (8), (9) e (10) da secção 7.2.11.

Verificando a fórmula (8):

1 n −1
∫ cos cos n −1 usen u +
n ∫
cos n − 2 u du
n
u du =
n
Fazendo:
u * = cos n −1 u ⇒ du * = −(n − 1) cos n− 2 u . sen u du
dv = cos u du ⇒ v = sen u
Temos:

553
∫ cos u du = cos n −1 u sen u + ∫ sen u . (n − 1)cos n − 2 u . sen u du
n

∫ cos
n
(
u du = cos n −1 u sen u + (n − 1)∫ cos n − 2 u 1 − cos 2 u du )
∫ cos u du = cos n −1 u sen u + (n − 1)∫ cos n − 2 udu − (n − 1)∫ cos n u du
n

∫ cos u du + (n − 1)∫ cos n u du = cos n −1 u sen u + (n − 1)∫ cos n − 2 u du

n

1 n −1
∫ cos cos n −1 u . sen u +
n ∫
cos n − 2 u du
n
u du =
n

Verificando a fórmula (9):

1 n−2
∫ sec u du = n − 1 sec u tg u + n − 1 ∫ sec u du
n n−2 n−2

Fazendo:
u * = sec n − 2 u ⇒ du * = (n − 2 ) sec n −3 u . sec u . tg u du
dv = sec 2 u du ⇒ v = tg u
Temos:
∫ sec u du = sec u . tg u − ∫ tg u (n − 2) sec u . du
n n−2 2 n−2

∫ sec
n
( )
u du = sec n − 2 u . tg u − (n − 2 )∫ sec 2 u − 1 sec n − 2 u du

∫ sec u du = sec n − 2 u . tg u − (n − 2 )∫ sec nu . du + (n − 2 )∫ sec n − 2 u du

n

∫ sec u du + (n − 2 )∫ sec nu du = sec n − 2 u tgu + (n − 2 )∫ sec n − 2 u du

n

1 n−2
∫ sec sec n − 2 u tg u +
n −1 ∫
sec n − 2 u du
n
u du =
n −1

Verificando a fórmula (10):

−1 n−2
∫ cos c u du = n − 1 cos ec ∫
n−2
n
u . cot g u + cos ec n − 2u du
n −1
Fazendo:
u * = cos ec n − 2u du ⇒ du * = −(n − 2 ) cos ec n − 3u . cos ec u . cot g u du
dv = cos ec 2u du ⇒ v = − cot g u
Temos:
∫ cos ec u du = − cos ec u cot g u − ∫ cot g u . (n − 2)cos ec u du
n n−2 2 n−2

∫ cos ec u du = − cos ec u cot g u − (n − 2)∫ (cos ec u − 1) cos ec u du

n n−2 2 n−2

∫ cos ec u du + (n − 2)∫ cos ec u du = − cos ec u. cot g u + (n − 2)∫ cos ec

n 2 n n−2
u du
−1 n−2
∫ cos ec u du = n − 1 cos ec ∫
n−2
n
u . cot g u + cos ec n − 2u du
n −1

554
37. Verificar as fórmulas.

1
a) ∫ tg n u du = tg n −1u − ∫ tg n − 2 u du
n −1

1
b) ∫ cot g n u du = − cot g n−1u − ∫ cot g n− 2 u du
n −1

Solução (a)

∫ tg u du = ∫ tg u . tg u du
n 2 n−2

= ∫ (sec u − 1) . tg u du
2 n−2

= ∫ tg u sec udu − ∫ tg u du
n−2 2 n−2

tg n −1u
= − ∫ tg n − 2u du
n −1

Solução (b)

∫ cot g u du = ∫ cot g u . cot g u du

n 2 n−2

= ∫ (cos ec u − 1) . cos tg u du
2 n−2

= ∫ cot g u cos ec u du − ∫ cot g u du

n−2 2 n−2

cot g n −1
=− − ∫ cot g n − 2u du
n −1

π 3π
38. Calcular a área limitada pela curva y = cos x , pelas retas x = e x= e o eixo dos
2 2
x.
A Figura que segue mostra a área.

555
 y

x
π/2 π 3π/2

-1

π
A = −2 ∫ cos x dx
π
2
π
= −2 sen x π
2

 π
= −2  sen π − sen 
 2
= 2u a

39. Calcular a área limitada por y = 2 sen x , x = 0 , x = 2π e o eixo dos x

A Figura que segue mostra a área.

y

x
π/2 π 3π/2 2π

-1

556
 π
A = 2 ∫ 2 sen x dx
0
π
= −4 cos x 0
= −4(cos π − cos 0 )
= −4(− 1 − 1)
= 8 u. a

40. Calcular a área da região limitada por y = tg 3 x , y = 1 e x = 0

A Figura que segue mostra a área.
y

x
π/2

-1

π
4
A1 = ∫ tg 3 x dx
0
π
1 2
= tg x + ln cos x 04
2
1 π  π
=  tg 2 − tg 2 0  + ln cos − ln cos 0
2 4  4
1
= (1 − 0) + ln 2
2 2
1 2
= + ln
2 2
Assim,
π 1 2
A =  − − ln 

 4 2 2 
π 1 1 
=  − + ln 2  u. a
4 2 2 

557
41. Calcular a área sob o gráfico de y = cos 6 x de 0 ate π .
A Figura que segue mostra a área.
y

x
π/2 π

1 5
∫ cosx dx = cos 5 x sen x + ∫ cos 4 x dx
6

6 6
1 5 1 3 
= cos 5 x sen x +  cos 3 x sen x + ∫ cos 2 x dx 
6 6 4 4 
1 5 15
= cos 5 x sen x +
6 24
cos3 x sen x +
24 ∫ cos 2 x dx

1 5 15  1 1 
= cos 5 x sen x + cos3 x sen x +  x + sen 2 x  + C
6 24 24  2 4 
Assim,
π
A = ∫ cos 6 x dx
0
π
1 5 15  1 1 
= cos 5 x sen x + cos 3 x sen x +  x + sen 2 x 
6 24 24  2 4 0
5
= π u. a
16

42. Calcular a área sob o gráfico de y = sen 6 x de 0 ate π .

A Figura que segue mostra a área.

558
 y

x
π/2 π

1 5
∫ sen x dx = − 6 sen x cos x + 6 ∫ sen x dx
6 5 4

1 5 1 3 
= − sen 5 x cos x +  − sen3 x cos x + ∫ sen 2 x dx 
6 6 4 4 
1 5 15  1 1 
= − sen 5 x cos x − sen3 x cos x +  x − sen 2 x  + C
6 24 24  2 4 
Assim,
π
A = ∫ sen 6 x dx
0
π
1 5 15  1 1 
= − sen 5 x cos x − sen 3 x cos x +  x − sen 2 x 
6 24 24  2 4 0
5
= π u. a
16

43. Calcular a área sob o gráfico de y = sen 3 x de 0 ate π .

A Figura que segue mostra a área.

559
 y

x
π/2 π

1 2
∫ sen x dx = − 3 sen 3∫
3 2
cos x + sen x dx

1 2
= − sen 2 cos x − cos x + C
3 3
Assim,
π
A = ∫ sen 3 x dx
0
π
1 2
= − sen 2 x cos x − cos x
3 3 0

2
=− (cos π − cos 0)
3
4
= u.a.
3

π 3π
44. Calcular a área entre as curvas y = sen 2 x e y = cos 2 x , de ate
4 4
A Figura que segue mostra a área.

560
 y

x
-π/4 π/4 π/2 3π/4 π 5π/4

π
2
( )
A = 2. ∫ sen 2 x − cos 2 x dx
π
4
π
1 1 1 1 2
= 2.  x − sen 2 x − x − sen 2 x 
2 4 2 4 π
4
π
−1 2
= 2. sen 2 x
2 π
4

 π
= − senπ − sen 
 2
π
= sen
2
= 1 u.a

Nos exercícios de 45 a 67, calcular a integral indefinida.

dx
45. ∫
x2 x2 − 5
Fazendo:
x 2 − 5 = 5 tg θ
x = 5 sec θ
dx = 5 sec θ tg θ dθ
Temos:

561
 5 sec θ tg θ dθ
I= ∫ 5 sec 2 θ 5tg θ
dθ 1
= ∫ 5 sec θ =
5∫
cos θdθ

1
= sen θ + C
5
1 x2 − 5
= +C
5 x

dt
46. ∫ 9 − 16t 2
Fazendo:
u 2 = 16t 2
u = 4t → du = 4dt
Temos:
1 du
I =∫ 4
9 − u2
Fazendo:
9 − u 2 = 3 cos θ
u
u = 3 sen θ ∴ θ = arc sen
3
du = 3 cos θ dθ
Obtemos:
1 3 cos θ dθ
I= ∫
4 3 cos θ
1 1
= ∫ dθ = θ + C
4 4
1 u
= arc sen + C
4 3
1 4t
= arc sen + C
4 3

x 3 dx
47. ∫
x2 − 9
Fazendo:

562
 x 2 − 9 = 3 tg θ
x = 3 sec θ
dx = 3 sec θ tgθ dθ
Temos:
27 sec3 θ . 3 sec θ . tg θ dθ
∫ 3 tg θ
= 27 ∫ sec 4 θ dθ
1 2 
= 27  sec 2 θ tg θ + ∫ sec 2 θ dθ 
3 3 
2
= 9 sec θ tg θ + 18 tg θ + C
2
 x x −9
2
x2 − 9
= 9  + 18 +C
 3 3 3
1 
=  x2 + 6  x2 − 9 + C
3 

3
∫ (1 − 4t )
2 2
48. dt

∫ (1 − 4t )
2
= 1 − 4t 2 dt
u 2 = 4t 2 → u = 2t
1 onde:
=
2 ∫ (
1 − u2 ) 1 − u 2 du du = 2dt

Fazendo:

1 − u 2 = cos θ
u = sen θ
du = cos θ dθ
Temos:

563
 1
I=
2∫
(
cos θ 1 − sen 2θ . cos θ dθ )
1
= ∫ cos θ . cos 2 θ . cos θ dθ
2
1
= ∫ cos 4 θ dθ
2
1 1 3 
=  cos3 θ senθ + ∫ cos 2θ dθ 
2 4 4 
1 3 1 1 
= cos 3 θ sen θ +  θ + sen 2θ  + C
8 8 2 4 
1 3 3
= cos 3 θ sen θ + θ + sen 2θ + C.
8 16 32

Considerando:
sen 2θ = 2 sen θ cos θ
= 2 u. 1 − u 2
Finalizamos:
I=
1
8
( 3
1 − u2 u +
3
16
) 3
arc sen u + u 1 − u 2 + C
16
1 3 3
8
(
= u 1 − u2 1 − u2 + )
16
arc sen u + u 1 − u 2 + C
16
1 3 3
8
(
= . 2t 1 − 4t 2 1 − 4t 2 +
16
) arc sen 2t + . 2t 1 − 4t 2 + C
16
1 3 3
4
(
= t 1 − 4t 2 1 − 4t 2 + )
16
arc sen 2t + . t 1 − 4t 2 + C
8

∫x
2
49. 4 − x 2 dx
Fazendo:

4 − x 2 = 2 cos θ
x = 2 sen θ
dx = 2 cos θ dθ
Temos:

564
I = ∫ 4 sen 2θ . 2 cos θ . 2 cos θ dθ

= 16 ∫ sen 2θ cos 2 θ dθ

= 16 ∫ (senθ cos θ ) dθ
2

( )
= 16 ∫ 1 − cos 2 θ cos 2 θ dθ

= 16 ∫ (cos θ − cos θ ) dθ
2 4

1 1 1 3 
= 16  θ + sen 2θ −  cos 3 θ senθ + ∫ cos 2 θ dθ 
2 4 4 4 
1 1 1 3 1 1 
= 16  θ + sen 2θ − cos3 θ senθ −  θ + sen 2θ  + C
2 4 4 4 2 4 
1 1 1 3 3 
= 16  θ + sen 2θ − cos 3 θ senθ − θ − sen 2θ  + C
2 4 4 8 16 

4 − 3 4 + (− 3) 1 
= 16  θ+ sen 2θ − cos 3 θ senθ  + C
 8 16 4 
3
= 2θ + sen 2θ − 4 cos θ senθ + C
3
 4 − x2
2  x
− 4.  . +C
x x 4−x
= 2 arc sen + 2 . 4
2 2 2  2  2
 

= 2 arc sen + −
( )
x x 4 − x2 x 4 − x2 4 − x2
+C
2 2 4

∫x
3
50. x 2 + 3 dx
Fazendo:
x 2 + 3 = 3 sec θ
x = 3 tgθ
dx = 3 sec 2 θ dθ
Temos:

565
I = ∫ 3 3 tg 3θ . 3 sec3 θ dθ

= 9 3 ∫ tg 3θ . sec3 θ dθ

∫ (sec θ − 1) tg θ . sec θ . secθ dθ

2 2
=9 3

=9 3 ∫ (sec θ − sec θ ) . tg θ . secθ dθ

4 2

 sec5 θ sec3 θ 
= 9 3  −  + C
 5 3 
5 3
9 3  x 2 + 3  9 3  x 2 + 3 
= − +C
5  3  3  3 

=
1
5
( 5
) ( 3
x2 + 3 − x2 + 3 + C )

5 x + 4 dx
51. ∫x 3
x2 + 1
Fazendo
x 2 + 1 = sec θ
x = tg θ
dx = sec 2 θ dθ
Temos:
5tgθ + 4
I =∫ 3
. sec 2 θ .dθ
tg θ .secθ
5tgθ + 4
=∫ . secθ .dθ
tg 3θ
5 secθ 4 secθ
= ∫ 2 dθ + ∫ 3 dθ
tg θ tg θ
4 cos 2 θ
= ∫ 5sen − 2θ cos θ dθ + ∫ dθ
sen3θ
= ∫ 5sen − 2θ cos θ dθ + 4∫ cos sec3 θdθ − 4 ∫ cos secθdθ
−5
= − 2 cos secθ cot gθ − 2 ln | cos secθ − cot gθ | +C
senθ
− 5 x2 + 1 2 x2 + 1 x2 + 1 − 1
= − − 2 ln + C.
x x2 x

∫ (x + 1)
2
52. x 2 + 1dx

566
Fazendo
x 2 + 1 = sec θ
x = tg θ
dx = sec 2 θ dθ
Temos:
I = ∫ (tg θ + 1) . secθ . sec 2 θ dθ
2

∫ (tg θ + 2 tg θ + 1)sec θ dθ
2 3
=

= ∫ (tg θ + 1)sec θ dθ + ∫ 2tg θ sec θ dθ

2 3 3

= ∫ sec θ dθ + 2 ∫ sec θ . secθ . tg θ dθ

5 2

1 3 sec3 θ
= sec3 θ tg θ + ∫ sec3θ dθ + 2 .
4 4 3
1 31 1  2
= sec3 θ tg θ +  secθ tgθ + ∫ sec θ dθ  + sec3 θ + C
4 42 2  3
1 3 3 2
= sec3 θ tg θ + secθ tg + ln secθ + tg θ + sec3 θ + C
4 8 8 3

=
1
4
(
3
x x2 + 1 +
3 2
8
) 3
x + 1 . x + ln x 2 + 1 + x +
8
2
3
3
(
x2 + 1 + C )
1 3 2 3
( ) ( )
= x x 2 + 1 x 2 + 1 + x x 2 + 1 + x 2 + 1 x 2 + 1 + ln x 2 + 1 + x + C
4 8 3 8

t5
53. ∫
t 2 + 16
dt

Fazendo
t 2 + 16 = 4 sec θ
t = 4 tg θ
dt = 4 sec 2 θ dθ
Temos:

567
 45 tg 5θ . 4 sec 2 θ dθ
I= ∫ 4 sec θ
= ∫ 45 tg 5θ secθ dθ

= 45 ∫ tg 2θ . tg 2θ . tg θ . sec θ dθ

( ) 2
= 45 ∫ sec 2 θ − 1 . tg θ . sec θ dθ

= 4 ∫ (sec θ − 2 sec θ + 1) tg θ sec θ dθ

5 4 2

[
= 45 ∫ sec 4 θ tg θ sec θ dθ − 2 ∫ sec 2 θ . tg θ . sec θ dθ + ∫ tg θ . sec θ dθ ]
 sec5 θ sec3 θ 
= 45  −2. + sec θ  + C
 5 3 
5 3
45  t 2 + 16  4 4. 8  t 2 + 16   t 2 + 16 
=  − + 45  +C
5  4 
 3 
 4 


 4 

1 32 2
( 2
= t 2 + 16 t 2 + 16 −
5
) 3
2
( )
t + 16 t 2 + 16 + 256 t 2 + 16 + C

ex
54. ∫e2x + 1
dx

Fazendo
u = e x → u 2 = e2x
du = e x dx
Temos:
du
I =∫
u2 +1
Considerando:
u 2 + 1 = sec θ
u = tg θ
du = sec 2 θ dθ
Finalizamos:

568
 sec 2 θ dθ
I=∫
sec θ
= sec θ dθ
= ln sec θ + tg θ + C

= ln u2 +1 + u + C

= ln e2x + 1 + e x + C

x2
55. ∫
2 − x2
dx

Fazendo
2 − x2 = 2 cos θ
x= 2 sen θ
dx = 2 cos θ dθ

Temos:
2 sen 2θ
I=∫ . 2 cos θ dθ
2 cosθ
= 2 ∫ sen 2θ dθ
1 − cos 2 θ
=2∫ dθ
2
= ∫ (1 − cos 2θ ) dθ
1
=θ − sen 2θ + C
2
= θ − sen θ cosθ + C
x 1
= arc sen − x 2 − x2 + C
2 2

ex
56. ∫ 4 − e2x
dx

Fazendo
u 2 = e2 x
u = ex
du = e x dx

569
Temos:
du
I =∫
4 − u2
Considerando:
4 − u 2 = 2 cos θ
u = 2 sen θ
du = 2 cos θ dθ
Obtemos:
2 cos θ dθ
I =∫ =θ +C
2 cos θ
u
= arc sen +C
2
 ex 
= arc sen  + C
2

x +1
57. ∫
x2 −1
dx

Fazendo
x 2 − 1 = tg θ
x = sec θ
dx = sec θ . tg θ dθ
Temos:
secθ + 1
I=∫ . secθ tg θ . dθ
tgθ

∫ (sec θ + secθ )dθ

2
=
= tgθ + ln secθ + tgθ + c
= x 2 − 1 + ln x + x 2 − 1 + C

x2 − 1
58. ∫ dx
x2
Fazendo:
x 2 − 1 = tgθ
x = secθ
dx = secθ tgθ dθ
Temos:

570
 tgθ
I =∫ secθ .tgθ .dθ
sec 2 θ
1
= ∫ tg 2θ . dθ
secθ
sec 2 θ − 1
=∫ dθ
secθ
= ∫ secθdθ − ∫ cos θdθ
= ln secθ + tgθ − senθ + C

2 x2 − 1
= ln x + x − 1 − +C
x

1 + x2
59. ∫ x3
dx

Fazendo:

x 2 − 1 = secθ
x = tgθ
dx = sec 2 θdθ

sec3 θ
I =∫ dθ
tg 3θ
1 cos 3 θ
=∫ . dθ
cos3 θ sen3θ
= ∫ cos sec3 θ dθ
1 1
=− cos sec θ cot g θ + ln cos sec θ − cot g θ + C
2 2
1 1 + x2 1 1 1 + x2 1
=− . + ln − +C
2 x x 2 x x

x +1
60. ∫
4 − x2
dx

Fazendo:
4 − x 2 = 2 cos θ
x = 2 sen θ
dx = 2 cos θ dθ
Temos:

571
 2 sen θ + 1
I= ∫ 2 cos θ
. 2 cos θ dθ

= ∫ (2 sen θ + 1) dθ
= −2 cos θ + C
x
= − 4 − x 2 + arc sen + C
2

6x + 5
61. ∫ dx
9x2 + 1
Fazendo:
u 2 = 9x 2
u = 3x
du = 3dx
Temos:
I =∫
(2u + 5) 1 du
u2 +1 3
Considerando:
u 2 + 1 = sec θ
u = tg θ
du = sec 2 θ dθ
Obtemos:
1 (2tg θ + 5)sec 2 θ dθ
I= ∫
3 secθ
1 1
= ∫ 2tg θ sec θ dθ + ∫ 5 sec θ dθ
3 3
2 5
= sec θ + ln secθ + tgθ + C
3 3
2 2 5
= u + 1 + ln u 2 + 1 + u + C
3 3
2 5
= 9 x 2 + 1 + ln 9 x 2 + 1 + 3 x + C
3 3

(x + 3)dx
62. ∫
x 2 + 2x
Fazendo:

572
 2
x 2 + 2 x = ( x + 1) − 1
2
u 2 = ( x + 1)
u = x +1
du = dx
Temos:
I =∫
(u − 1) + 3 du
u2 −1
Considerando:
u 2 − 1 = tg θ
u = sec θ
du = sec θ . tg θ dθ
Obtemos:
sec θ + 2
=∫ . sec θ . tg θ dθ
tg θ
(
= ∫ sec 2 θ + 2 sec θ dθ )
= tgθ + 2 ln sec θ + tg θ + C

= u 2 − 1 + 2 ln u + u 2 − 1 + C

= x 2 + 2 x + 2 ln x + 1 + x 2 + 2 x + C

63. ∫ 4 − x 2 dx
Fazendo:
4 − x 2 = 2 cosθ
x = 2 sen θ
dx = 2 cos θ dθ
Temos:
I = ∫ 2 cos θ . 2 cos θ dθ

= 4 ∫ cos 2 θ dθ
1 + cos 2θ
= 4∫ dθ
2
 1 
= 2 θ + sen 2θ  + C
 2 
= 2 θ + sen 2θ + C
x x 4 − x2
= 2 arc sen + +C
2 2

573
64. ∫ x 2 − 4 dx
Fazendo:
x 2 − 4 = 2 tg θ
x = 2 sec θ
dx = 2 sec θ . tg θ dθ
Temos:
I = ∫ 2 tg θ . 2 sec θ . tg θ dθ

= 4 ∫ tg 2θ . sec θ dθ
( )
= 4 ∫ sec 2 θ − 1 . sec θ dθ

= 4 ∫ (sec 3
θ − sec θ ) dθ
1 1 
= 4  sec θ . tg θ + ∫ sec θ dθ − ∫ sec θ dθ 
2 2 
= 2 sec θ . tg θ − 2 ln sec θ + tg θ + C

x x2 − 4 x + x2 − 4
= 2. − 2 ln +C
2 2 2

65. ∫ 4 + x 2 dx
Fazendo:
4 + x 2 = 2 sec θ
x = 2 tg θ
dx = 2 sec 2 θ dθ
Temos:
I = ∫ 2 sec θ . 2 sec 2θ dθ

= 4 ∫ sec 3 θ dθ
1 1 
= 4 sec θ tg θ + ∫ sec θ dθ 
2 2 
= 2 sec θ tg θ + 2 ln sec θ + tg θ + C

4 + x2 x 4 + x2 x
=2 . + 2 ln + +C
2 2 2 2

x 4 + x2 4 + x2 + x
= + 2 ln +C
2 2

x 4 + x2
= + 2 ln 4 + x2 + x + C
2 574
66. ∫( )
1 + x 2 + 2 x dx
Fazendo:
1 + x 2 = sec θ
x = tg θ
dx = sec 2 θ dθ
Temos:
I = ∫ (sec θ + 2 tg θ ) sec 2 θ dθ
(
= ∫ sec3 + 2 tg θ sec θ sec θ dθ )
1 1 sec 2 θ
= secθ tg θ + ∫ sec θ dθ + 2 +C
2 2 2
1 1
= secθ tg θ + ln secθ + tg θ + sec 2 θ + C
2 2
1 1
= 1 + x 2 . x + ln 1 + x 2 + x + 1 + x 2 + C
2 2
1 1
= x 1 + x 2 + x 2 + ln x + 1 + x 2 + C
2 2

 x2 
67. ∫  sen x + dx

 1+ x2 

x 2 dx
= ∫ sen x dx + ∫
1+ x2
x 2 dx
= − cos x + ∫ 1+ x2
Fazendo:
1 + x 2 = sec θ
x = tg θ
dx = sec 2 θ dθ
Temos:

575
 tg 2θ . sec 2 θ dθ
I = − cos x + ∫
sec θ
= − cos x + ∫ tg 2θ . sec θ dθ
( )
= − cos x + ∫ sec 2 θ − 1 sec θ dθ
= − cos x + ∫ (sec θ − secθ ) dθ
3

1 1
= − cos x + secθ tg θ + ∫ secθ dθ − ∫ secθ dθ
2 2
1 1
= − cos x + secθ tg θ − ln secθ + tg θ + C
2 2
1 1
= − cos x + 1 + x 2 . x − ln 1 + x 2 + x + C
2 2

Nos exercícios de 68 a 72, calcular a integral definida.

1
dx
68. ∫
03x 2 + 2
Fazendo:
u 2 = 3x 2
u = 3x
du = 3 dx
Temos:
1
du
dx 3 1 du
I =∫ =∫ = ∫
3x 2 + 2 u2 + 2 3 u2 + 2
Considerando:
u2 + 2 = 2 sec θ
u= 2 tg θ
du = 2 sec 2 θ dθ
Obtemos:

576
 1 2 sec 2 θ dθ
I=
3 ∫ 2 secθ
1 1
=
3 ∫ secθ dθ =
3
ln secθ + tg θ + C

1 u2 + 2 u
= ln + +C
3 2 2

1 3x 2 + 2 3x
= ln + +C
3 2 2
Assim,
1
1
dx 1 3x 2 + 2 + 3 x
∫
0 3x 2 + 2
=
3
ln
2
0

1  5+ 3 2 +0
=  ln − ln 
3  2 2 
1  3+ 5
= ln  
3  2 

a
2b
69. ∫0
a 2 − b 2 x 2 dx , 0 < a < b

Fazendo:
u 2 = b2 x2
u=bx
du = b dx
Temos:
1
I= ∫ a2 − u2 .
b
du
Considerando:
a 2 − u 2 = a cosθ
u = asenθ
du = a cosθdθ

577
 1
b∫
I= a cos θ . a cos θ dθ

a2
=
b ∫ cos 2 θ dθ

a2  1 1 
=  θ + sen 2θ  + C
b 2 4 
a 2  1 u 1 2u a 2 − u 2 
+C
= arc sen + .
b  2 a 4 a2 

a 2  1 bx bx a 2 − b 2 x 2 
+C
= arc sen +
b  2 a 2a 2 

Portanto,

a
a 2b
2b
a2 1 2 2 2 
 arc sen bx + bx a − b x 
∫
2 2 2
a − b x dx =
b 2 a 2a 2 
0  
0

 a a 
2
 b. a2 − b2 .
a 12
1 2b 4b 2 
=  arc sen + 
b 2 2 2a 2
 
 
 
 a 4a 2 − a 2 
 
a2  1 π 2 4 
=  . + 2 
b 2 6 2a
 
 
 
a2 π 3
=  + 
b  12 8 
 

2
dt
70. ∫t
1
4
4 + t2
Fazendo:
4 + t 2 = 2 sec θ
t = 2 tg θ
dt = 2 sec 2 θ dθ
Temos:

578
 dt 2 sec 2 θ dθ
I= ∫t 4
4 + t2
=∫
16 tg 4θ . 2 sec θ
1 secθ dθ
16 ∫ tg 4θ
=

1 1 cos 4 θ
16 ∫ cos θ sen 4θ
= . dθ

1 cos 3 θ
16 ∫ sen 4θ
= dθ

1
=
16 ∫ (
sen − 4θ 1 − sen 2θ cos θ dθ )
1
=
16 ∫ (
sen − 4θ cos θ − sen − 2θ cos θ dθ )
1 sen − 3θ 1 sen −1θ
= − +C
16 − 3 16 − 1
1 1
= − 3
+ +C
48 sen θ 16 senθ
1 1
= − cos sec3 θ + cos secθ + C
48 16
3
1 4 + t2 1 4 + t2
=− + +C
48 t3 16 t
Assim,
2
2
dt −1 4+t 2
3
4 + t 
2

∫t = +
1
4
4 + t 2  48 t3 16t 
1
− 1  8 3 5 3  1  8 5
= − +  − 
48  8 1  16  2 1 

− 2 5 5 2 5
= + + −
24 48 16 16
1
=
48
(
2+2 5 )

3
dt
71. ∫t 2
9t 2 + 16
2

Fazendo:

579
u 2 = 9t 2
u = 3t
du = 3dt
Temos:
1
du
I =∫ 3
u2
u 2 + 16
9
Considerando:
u 2 + 16 = 4 sec θ
u = 4tg θ
du = 4 sec 2 θ dθ
Obtemos:
1
4 sec 2 θ dθ 1 secθ dθ
I = 3∫ 2
= 3. ∫
1 16 tg θ . 4 sec θ 4.4 tg 2θ
9
3 1 cos 2 θ
= ∫ . dθ
16 cos θ sen 2θ
3 cos θ dθ
= ∫
16 sen 2θ
3
= ∫ sen − 2θ . cos θ dθ I
16
3
= − cos secθ + C
16
− 3 u 2 + 16
= . +C
16 u
− 3 9t 2 + 16
= . +C
16 3t
Assim,
3
3
dt − 3 9t 2 + 16
∫t 2
=
9t 2 + 16 16
.
3t
2 2

− 1  43 
=  − 17 
16  3 


7
dt
72. ∫ (t − 1) (t − 1)
6
2 2
−9

580
Fazendo:
2
u 2 = (t − 1)
u = t −1
du = dt
Temos:
du
I =∫
u u2 − 9
2

Considerando:
u 2 − 9 = 3 tg θ
u = 3 sec θ
u = 3 sec θ tg θ dθ
Obtemos:
3 sec θ . tg θ dθ
I =∫
9 sec 2 θ . 3 . tg θ
dθ 1
=∫ = ∫ cos θ dθ
9 secθ 9
1
= senθ + C
9
1 u2 − 9
= +C
9 u
2
1 (t − 1) − 9
= +C
9 t −1
Assim,
7
2
7
dt 1 (t − 1) −9
∫ (t − 1) (t − 1)
6
2 2
−9
=
9 t −1
6

1  27 4 
=  
9  6 − 5
 

Nos exercícios 73 a 76, verificar se a integral imprópria converge. Em caso positivo,

determinar seu valor.

10
dx
73. ∫x
3
2
x2 − 9

10 dx 10 dx
I =∫ = lim+ ∫
2 2 2
3
x x −9 r →3 r
x x2 − 9

581
 dx
I =∫
x2 x2 − 9
Fazendo:
x = 3 sec θ dx = 3 sec θ tg θ dθ
Temos:
3 secθ tgθ dθ 1 tgθ dθ
I1 = ∫ = ∫
9 sec θ 9 sec θ − 9 3 secθ 3 tg θ
2 2

1 dθ 1 1
= ∫
9 secθ
= ∫ cos θ dθ = senθ + c
9 9
1 x2 − 9
= +c
9 x

10
1 x2 − 9
I = lim+
r →3 9 x
r

1 10 2 − 9 1 r2 − 9
= − lim+
9 10 r →3 9 r
91 1 9 − 9 91
= − =
90 9 3 90

91
Portanto, a integral converge e tem como resultado .
90

+∞
dx
74. ∫
3 x2 − 4

+∞ dx b dx
I =∫ = lim ∫
3
x2 − 4 b → +∞ 3
x2 − 4

Fazendo:
x = 2 sec θ
dx = 2 sec θ tg θ dθ

582
 dx 2 sec θ tgθ dθ
I1 = ∫ x2 − 4
=∫
4 sec 2 θ − 4
2 sec θ tgθ dθ
= ∫ 2 tg θ
= ∫ sec θ dθ = ln sec θ + tg θ + c

x x2 − 4
= ln + +c
2 2

b
x x2 − 4
I = lim ln +
b → +∞ 2 2
3

b b2 − 4 3 5
= lim ln + − ln +
b → +∞ 2 2 2 2
= +∞

Portanto, a integral diverge.

1
dx
75. ∫ (1 − x
0
2 3/ 2
)

1 dx s dx
I =∫ = lim− ∫
0
(1 − x )
2 32 s →1 0
(1 − x ) 2 32

dx dx
I1 = ∫ = ∫
(1 − x ) 2 32
( 1− x ) 2
3

x = senθ
dx = cos θ dθ

cos θ dθ cos θ dθ dθ
I1 = ∫ (1 − sen θ ) 2 3/ 2
= ∫ (cos θ ) 3
= ∫ cos 2
θ
x
= ∫ sec 2 θ d θ = tg θ + c = +c
1 − x2

s
x s
I = lim− = lim− − 0 = +∞
2
s →1 1− x 0
s →1 1 − s2

583
Portanto, a integral diverge.

+∞
dx
76. ∫x
1 x2 + 4

+∞ dx b dx
I =∫ = lim ∫
1
x x2 + 4 b → +∞ 1
x x2 + 4

dx
I1 = ∫
x x2 + 4

x = 2 tgθ
dx = 2 sec 2 θ dθ

2 sec 2 θ dθ 1 sec 2 θ dθ
I1 = ∫ 2 tgθ 4 tg 2θ + 4
=
2 ∫ tgθ . sec θ
1 sec θ 1 1 cos θ
= ∫
2 tgθ
dθ = ∫
2 cos θ sen θ
dθ

1 1
=
2 ∫ cos ec θ dθ = ln cos ec θ − cot g θ + c
2
1 x2 + 4 2
= ln − +c
2 x x

b
1 x2 + 4 2
I = lim ln −
b → +∞ 2 x x
1

1  b2 + 4 2  1
= lim ln  −  − ln 5−2
b → +∞ 2  b b  2

1  b2 + 4 2  1
= lim ln  −  − ln 5−2
2 b → +∞  b 2
b  2

1 1
= . 0 − ln 5−2
2 2
1
= − ln 5−2
2
1
Portanto, a integral converge e tem como resultado − ln 5 − 2 ≅ 0,7218 .
2

584