Pipeline Technology Conference Proceedings

9-13 May, 2004, Ostend, Belgium

Volume 1

Session 1: KEYNOTE LECTURES ..................................................1

Improving long distance gas transmission economics:

X120 development overview ........ ........................................................... 3
C.W. Petersen, K.T. Corbett, D.P. Fairchild, S. Papka, and M.L. Macia, ExxonMobil Upstream Research
Co, Technology Applications Division, Houston, USA
Application of X80 in Japan: summary ........................................................ 31
T. Masuda, Pipeline Dept., Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
T. Watanabe, N. Hagiwara, H. Yatabe, S. Kawaguchi, H. Motohashi, and N. Fukuda, Pipeline
Technology Center, Tokyo Gas Co Ltd, Yokohama, Japan
The situation of advanced grade pipe steel in China ................................... 41
Y. Wang, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Shenyang, PR China
J. Pan, Pipeline Bureau, China National Petroleum and Gas Company (CNPC), PR China
Dealing with present contracting philosophies of the oil
and gas companies ........................ ......................................................... 55
E. P. Heerema, Allseas Group SA, Chatel-St-Denis, Switzerland

Session 2: PLASTIC DESIGN 1 ... ................................................ 63

Yield strength and plasticity of high strength linepipe ................................ 65

A. Glover and B. Rothwell, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
Ductile fracture behavior of girth welded joints and strain based
design for high strength linepipes ......................................................... 81
N. Ishikawa, S. Endo, and S. Igi, Steel Research Laboratories, JFE Steel Corporation, Fukuyama, Japan
A. Glover and D. Horsley, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
M. Ohata and M. Toyoda, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
A plastic collapse solution for API 5L X65 gas pipeline ............................... 99
J.-H. Baek and W.-S. Kim, Research and Development Centre, Korea Gas Corporation, Ansan, Korea
J.-B. Choi, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkunkwan University, Suwon, Korea

Session 3: LASER WELDING – LAWPIPET PROJECT ................. 115

Longitudinal welding by laser and/or plasma-laser process of

high grade pipelines up to 16 mm thick for energy transport .............. 117
C. Vigreux, J. Claeys, A. Ihasn Koruk, Innovation R&D Arcelor, France
F. Briand, Air Liquide, Cergy-Pontoise, France
J.P. Mas, J.Y. Goalabre, Saipem SA St. Quentin Yvelines, France
A. Tazedakis, Corinth Pipeworks, Domvrema, Greece
C. Gérardin and A. Chehaibou, Institut de Soudure, Yutz, France
R. Denys, A. Lefevre, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
E. Torstad, DnV, Hovik, Norway
Fracture initiation resistance and plastic straining capacity of
longitudinally laser welded pipes containing flaws .............................. 135
A. Lefevre, R. Denys, W. De Waele, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
Induction preheating and laser welding of high grade
pipelines for energy transport: welding process optimisation ............. 153
C. Gérardin and A. Chehaibou, Institut de Soudure, Yutz, France

1
Session 4: PLASTIC DESIGN 2 ... .............................................. 161

An engineering approach to the prediction of the tolerable

defect size for strain based design . ...................................................... 163
R. Denys, W. De Waele, A. Lefevre, and P. De Baets, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
Plastic straining capacity of axially loaded pipelines,
experimental facts and critical considerations ..................................... 183
R. Denys, W. De Waele, A. Lefevre, and P. De Baets, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
Weld strength mismatch effects on plastic straining capacity of
axially loaded pipelines ................ ....................................................... 209
R. Denys, W. De Waele, A. Lefevre, and P. De Baets, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
Tensile strain limits of girth welds with surface-breaking defects
Part 1: An analytical framework ... ....................................................... 235
Part 2: Experimental correlation and validation ................................... 251
Y.-Y. Wang and W. Cheng, Engineering Mechanics Corp. of Columbus, Columbus, USA
D. Horsley, A. Glover, and J. Zoe, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
Martin McLamb, BP, Aberdeen, UK
Weld mismatch effects on the strain behaviour of flaws
in X100 (Grade 690) pipe and girth welds ............................................ 267
Y.-Y. Wang, Engineering Mechanics Corp. of Columbus, Columbus, USA
D. Horsley, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
Weld area mismatch and pressure effects in strain-based design .............. 279
W. Mohr, EWI, Columbus, USA
Strain based design guidelines for pipeline girth welds ............................. 291
B. Mohr, EWI, Columbus, USA
R. Gordon, EWI Microalloying, Houston, USA
R. Smith, UD Dept. of Transportation, Washington, DC, USA

Session 5: PIPELINE WELDING.. .............................................. 313

Developments in the application of MIAB welding of pipelines ............... 315

L. Fletcher, C. Stubbs and G. Stecher, MIAB Pipeline Technology Pty Limited, Bright, Australia
Friex - Friction welding of pipeline girth welds ......................................... 325
P. Afschrift, Denys NV, Gent-Wondelgem, Belgium
P. De Baets and W. De Waele, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
K. Faes, Belgian Welding Institute, Gent, Belgium
Recent tandem welding developments for pipeline girth welding ............ 335
S.A. Blackman and T.Liratzis, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
R. Howard adn M.G.Hudson, BP, Sunbury, UK
D.V. Dorling, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
Mechanised welding on in-service pipelines ............................................. 357
S.A. Blackman and R.Holdstock, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
W.A. Bruce, EWI, Cleveland, USA
D.V. Dorling, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
Validation of an in-situ weld repair procedure for “old” cellulosic
pipeline girth welds ...................... ....................................................... 373
W.N. Schipaanboord, Nederlandse Gasunie, Groningen, Netherlands
R. Denys, W. De Waele, and A. Lefevre, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
Novel arc welding developments for pipeline root welding ...................... 389
S.A. Blackman, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK, J. Norrish, Univ. of Wollongong, Australia, and
D.D.Harwig, EWI, Columbus, USA
Evaluation of brittle fracture performance of girth welded joints
by beam welding ........................... ....................................................... 403
M. Toyoda, M. Ohata, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
N. Ishikawa, T. Shinmiya, JFE Steel Corp, Fukuyama, Japan
M. Koçak, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany

2
Session 6: DUCTILE FAILURE AND CRACK ARRESTORS.......... 421

Application of X80 into Japan: Fracture control ........................................ 423

S. Kawaguchi et al., Tokyo Gas Co, Pipeline Technology Center, Yokohama, Japan
A study of ductile failure processes in high strength
linepipe using damage mechanics methods ......................................... 441
R.M. Andrews, Advantica Technologies, Loughborough, UK
S.H. Hashemi, I.C. Howard, and J.R. Yates, University of Sheffield, UK
A. Edwards, Exploration & Production Technology Group, BP Exploration, Sunbury on Thames, UK
Ductile fracture resistance characterization measurement
improvements................................ ....................................................... 457
N. Pussegoda, A. Fredj, and A Dinovitzer, BMT Fleet Technology Ltd, Kanata, Canada
A. Glover, D. Horsley, and L. Carlson, TransCanada PipeLines, Calgary, Canada
Fracture propagation resistance evaluation of X100 TMCP
steel pipes for high pressure gas transportation pipelines by
full scale burst tests ...................... ....................................................... 467
G. Demofonti, G. Mannucci, and M.Di Biagio, Centro Sviluppo Materiali - Tenaris Group, Products
Application, Rome, Italy
H.-G. Hillenbrand, Europipe GmbH, T.S., Ratingen, Germany
D. Harris, Corus Tubes, Hartlepool, UK
Crack arrestor design by finite element analysis for X100
gas transportation pipeline ........... ....................................................... 483
G. Mannucci, M. Di Biagio, and G. Demofonti, Centro Sviluppo Materiali - Tenaris Group, Products
Application, Rome, Italy
A.Fonzo and P.Salvini, University of Rome, Italy
A. Edwards, Exploration & Production Technology Group, BP Exploration, Sunbury on Thames, UK
Crack arrestors ................................... ....................................................... 501
H.-G. Hillenbrand, Europipe GmbH, Ratingen, Germany
H. Brauer and G. Knauf, Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH, Duisburg, Germany
Design basis for fracture arrestors in gas transmission pipelines .............. 515
B.N. Leis, X.K. Zhu, T.P. Forte and B.C. Glenn, Battelle, Columbus, USA

Volume 2

Session 7: OLD PIPELINES AND PLASTIC COLLAPSE ................... 535

Assessment of mechanical properties in pipelines of unknown

provenance ................................... ....................................................... 537
B.L. Jones, GE Energy Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions, Cramlington, Northumberland, UK
External MIC leads to reformulation of inspection program ..................... 549
W. Sloterdijk, R. Boekholt and H.D. de Haan, Gastransport Services, Groningen, The Netherlands
Awareness of unexpected pipeline integrity threats .................................. 557
H.D. de Haan, W. Sloterdijk and R. Boekholt, Safety Department, Gastransport Services, Groningen,
Netherlands
Assessment of older pipelines - Part 1: Proposed methodology
and statistical approach ................. ....................................................... 565
P. Roovers, Fluxys, Belgium
R. Denys and A. Lefevre, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
B. Leis, Battelle, Columbus, USA
J. Van Dijck, Probabilitas, Leuven, Belgium
Assessment of older pipelines - Part 2: Validation of initiation
and propagation models................. ....................................................... 581
P. Roovers, Fluxys, Belgium
R. Denys and A. Lefevre, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit, Belgium
B. Leis, Battelle, Columbus, USA
J. Van Dijck, Probabilitas, Leuven, Belgium

3
Local buckling and post-buckling behaviour of high strength linepipe ..... 593
T. Zimmerman and C. Timms, C-FER Technologies, Edmonton, Canada
A. Glover, and J Zhou, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
N. Suzuki, JFE R&D Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan

Session 8: PIPELINE INSPECTION 1.......................................... 605

Digital radiography in NDT applications ................................................... 607

E. Deprins, GEIT, Agfa Gevaert, Mortsel, Belgium
Introduction of inspection of butt welded joints by the in-pipe
camera system .............................. ....................................................... 615
H. Morisaki, M. Kon and M. Tunazaki, Osaka Gas Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan
Y. Kayamori, Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan
Validation of current approaches for girth weld defect sizing accuracy
by pulse-echo, time-of-flight diffraction, and phased-array
mechanized ultrasonic testing ...... ....................................................... 627
M. Lozev and R. Spenser, Edison Welding Institute, Columbus, USA
D. Hodgkinson, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
B. Gremmet, BWX Technologies, Lynchburg, USA
Automated ultrasonic testing and high-performance pipelines:
bridging the gap between science and practice .................................... 643
T. Bouma, KontrollTechnik Benelux, Naaldwijk, Netherlands
R. Denys, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
Integration of automated ultrasonic testing and engineering critical
assessment for pipeline girth weld defect acceptance ......................... 655
R.M. Andrews, Advantica, Loughborough, UK
L.L. Morgan, MIC Ltd, Nottingham, UK
Inspecting seamless pipe welds of variable wall thickness using
ultrasonic phased arrays ............... ....................................................... 669
M. Moles, R/D Tech, Mississauga, Canada
D. Stewart and M. Gray, Oceaneering OIS, Aberdeen, UK
H. Godenot and H. Romazzotti, Total, Paris and Pau, France

Session 9: FULL SCALE AND FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR ............... 683

Deep water girth welds - a compromise between stress and flaw ............. 685
F. Terhoeve, Heerema Marine Contractors, Leiden, Netherlands
Constraint effects on linepipe toughness ................................................... 703
G. Shen and W.R. Tyson, CANMET, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada
A. Glover and D. Horsley, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
In-plane resonance frequencies of a deepwater suspended
pipeline during J-lay ..................... ....................................................... 721
R.H.M. Ogink,Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
P. Liu, Intec Engineering, Delft, Netherlands
Longitudinal welded pipes with enhanced fatigue strength pipe .............. 735
M. Erdelen-Peppler, G. Knauf, and U. Marewski, Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH,
Duisburg, Germany
O. Reepmeyer, Europipe GmbH, Ratingen, Germany
Studies on collapse testing of UOE linepipe for deepwater applications ... 753
U. Marewski, Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH, Duisburg, Germany
D. De Geer, C-Fer Technologies, Edmonton, Canada
H.-G. Hillenbrand, Europipe GmbH, Mulheim, Germany
B. Weber and M. Crawford, BP-EPT – Offshore Systems, Sunbury, UK
Cyclic deformability of steel pipes with local metal loss and aseismic
performance of repair methods .... ....................................................... 773
M. Miwa and T. Kurobe, Toho Gas, Nagoya, Japan
N.Oguchi, Tokyo Gas Co, Tokyo, Japan
Y. Okajima, Osaka Gas, Osaka, Japan

4
Session 10: X100 AND X120 PIPELINE STEELS ........................... 787

Microstructural aspects of high strength pipeline girth welds ................... 789

N.V. Bangaru, J.Y. Koo and A. Ozeckin, Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and
Engineering Co, Annandale, USA
D.P. Fairchild and M.L. Macia, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co, Houston, USA
Production and development of pipes for conductors and risers
with strength level X80 and X100 without pipe expansion .................. 809
P. Fluess and V. Schwinn, AG der Dillinger Huttenwerke, Dillingen, Germany
K. Buch, Eisenbau Kramer, Hilchenbach-Dahlbruch, Germany
Development of grade X120 pipe material for high pressure
gas transportation lines ................. ....................................................... 823
H.-G. Hillenbrand, Europipe GmbH, Ratingen, Germany
A. Liessem, Europipe GmbH, Mulheim, Germany
K. Biermann and C.J. Heckmann, Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH, Duisburg, Germany
V. Schwinn, AG der Dillinger Huttenwerke, Dillingen, Germany
Bainitic steel plates for X100 and X120 ...................................................... 837
V. Schwinn, P. Fluess and K.-H. Tacke, AG der Dillinger Huttenwerke, Dillingen, Germany
S. Zajac, Swedish Institute for Metals Research, Stockholm, Sweden
Metallurgical design of high strength steels and development
of X120 UOE linepipe ................... ....................................................... 851
H. Asahi et al., Nippon Steel Corporation, Technical Development Bureau, Kimitsu Works, and Pipe &
Tube Division, Chiba, Japan

Session 11: CORROSION AND MECHANICAL DAMAGE .............. 873

The failure assessment for gas pipeline with multi-corroded

regions and with corroded defects in the welded region ...................... 875
Y.K. Lee, M.W. Moon, and K.H.Oh, Seoul National University, Korea
Y.P. Kim and W.S. Kim, Korea Gas Co R&D Centre, Korea
Reeling-induced residual stresses and its effect on the fracture
behaviour of pipes with through-thickness cracks ............................... 887
Z.L. Zhang, Norwegian University of Science, Norway
E. Ostby, B. Nyhus, and J. Odegard, SINTEF Materials Technology, Norway
R.Verley, Statoil, Norway
Residual stress and distortion by pipeline welding .................................... 897
M. Mochizuki and M. Toyoda, Department of Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering,
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
An experimental and analytic approach for predicting the formation
of dent and gouge damage on gas pipeline by an excavator ................ 917
G. Malatesta, G. Mannucci, and G. Demofonti Centro Sviluppo Materiali - Tenaris Group, Products
Application, Roma, Italy
L. Barsanti, Snam Rete Gas, Milan, Italy
Exploratory study on the hooking of pipelines by excavating machines ... 933
R. Champavere and M. Zarea, Gaz de France, , Negoce and St Denis La Plaine, France
Ductile fracture model for a pipe with a dent ............................................ 949
I.V. Orynyak and A.V.Bogdan, Institute for Problems of Strength, Kiev, Ukraine
V.V.Rozgonyuk, Gastransit, Kiev, Ukraine

5
Session 12: PIPELINE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT........ 961

Goal based regulation of pipelines in Canada ............................................ 963

K. Paulson, National Energy Board, Regulatory Development Team, Calgary, Canada
Managing Australia’s thin wall high strength pipelines:
Australian pipeline research ......... ....................................................... 975
M.J. Kimber, M.J. Kimber Consultants Pty, Garran, Australia
L. Fletcher, MIAB Technology Pty Ltd, Australia
I. Haddow, Australian Pipeline Industry Association, Australia
Using benchmarking to optimise the cost of pipeline
integrity management .................. ....................................................... 995
J. Healy, D.G. Jones, A.J. Clyne, P.B. Cazenave and D. Alkazraji, GE Energy, Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline
Solutions, Cramlington, UK
Getting a pipeline archive into a GIS . ......................................................1009
I. Peeters, Globe nv, Zandhoven, Belgium
Canadian pipeline safety performance indicators ....................................1021
K.Duckworth and K.Paulson, National Energy Board, Regulatory Development Team, Calgary, Canada
Realise the value of pipeline data management across the enterprise
by exploiting legacy databases ...... ......................................................1031
S. Clouston, J. Smith, and D.Book, GE Energy
Safety assessment for the DONGFANG 1-1 pipeline installation ..............1045
L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Huo and C. Deng, College of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin
University, Tianjin, P.R. China
B. Bai, X. Li and J. Cao, China Offshore Oil Development and Engineering Corp., Tanggu, P.R. China
Lowering a 42-in in-service pipeline in an estuary crossing .....................1061
J. de la Motte, de la Motte & Partner, Reinbek, Germany
J. Spiekhout and S. Stratingh, Gasunie - Gastransport Services, Groningen, Netherlands
H. Lentfert and L. Verwaal, Visser & Smit Hanab, Papendrecht, Netherlands

Volume 3

Session 13: PIPELINE STEEL PROPERTIES ...............................1075

Effect of boron addition on the toughness and the microstructure

of the seam weld metal ................. ......................................................1077
M. Hamada, S. Okaguchi, and Y. Komizo, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Corporate Research Labs,
Amagasaki, Japan
A. Yamamoto, N. Takahashi, and T. Ikeda, Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd, Kashima Steel Works, Japan
I. Takeuchi, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Tokyo, Japan
Microstructure and mechanical properties of API X80 grade
C-Mn-Nb-V-Mo linepipe steel......... .....................................................1089
J.-Y. Yoo, S.-S. Ahn, and W.-Y. Choo, Technical Research Laboratory, POSCO, Pohang, Korea
Application of X80 in Japan: weldability ...................................................1099
H. Motohashi and N. Hagiwara, Tokyo Gas Co, Yokohama, Japan
T. Masuda, Japan Gas Association, Tokyo, Japan
Microstructure and toughness in the CG HAZ of X80 pipe steel ..............1117
X. Xiaohuai, Q. Bainian, L. Jingli, S. Yiyin, and W. Yikang, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R.
China
L. Songnian, Institute of Metal Research, Academica Sinica, Shenyang, P.R. China

Session 14: PIPELINE INSPECTION 2.........................................1127

The status of in-line inspection for cracks in pipelines ............................1129

K. Reber and M. Beller, NDT Systems & Services AG, Stutensee, Germany
On-line inspection vs quality management ..............................................1139
M. Celant and F. Trentin, Pipe Team, Milan, Italy

6
Independent experimental verification of the sizing accuracy of
magnetic flux leakage tools .......... ......................................................1149
S. Westwood and S. Cholowsky, BJ Pipeline Inspection Services, Calgary, Canada

Session 15: WELDING CONSUMABLES .......................................1159

Limitations of cellulosic-coated electrodes for heavy-wall

pipe and fittings ............................ ......................................................1161
M.Q. Johnson, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA
W.A. Bruce, EWI, Columbus, USA
The development of welding material for high strength pipe steel ..........1177
X. Xiaohuai, Q. Bainian, Y. Shaofei, L.Quan, and G. XumingShanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai,
P.R. China
L. Songnian, Institute of Metal Research, Academy of Science, Shenyang, P.R. China
Selection of welding consumables for higher strength pipelines ..............1187
M.G. Hudson, BP Exploration Operating Co, Sunbury on Thames, UK
S.A. Blackman, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
J. Hammond, Consultant, Baldock, UK
D.V. Dorling, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
Welding consumables for cost-effective pipelines ....................................1207
D. J. Widgery, ESAB Group (UK) Ltd, Waltham Cross, UK
M. Amata and D. Meyer, The ESAB Group Inc.
Welding of thin-walled pipes of steel grade X70 resp. L485 ......................1223
W.Berger, H.Koningshofer,and M.Fiedler, Bohler Schweisstechnik Austria GmbH, Kapfenberg, Germany
Predicting the HAZ hardness of pipeline and tap fitting steels with
artificial neural networks .............. ......................................................1233
Z. Sterjovski, D.Nolan, D.Druce, and J.Norrish, University of Wollongong, Australia

Session 16: PIPELINE PROPERTIES AND Y/T RATIO ................1247

Understanding the hydrostatic strength test .............................................1249

M. Law, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Materials Division, Menai, Australia
L. Fletcher, MIAB Technology Pty Ltd, Australia
G.gentles, Agility Manegment Pty Ltd, Australia
Influence of thermal treatment on mechanical properties of
UOE linepipe ................................ ......................................................1263
A.Liessem and M.K. Graef, Europipe GmbH, Ratingen, Germany
G. Knauf and U. Marewski, Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH, Duisburg, Germany
Evaluation of the effect of yield to tensile ratio on the structural
integrity of an offshore pipeline by a limit state design approach ......1283
G. Mannucci, L. Di Vito, and G. Malatesa, Centro Sviluppo Materiali, Tenaris Group, Products
Application, Rome, Italy, and A. Izquierdo, Tamsa, and G. Cumino, Dalmine
Factors affecting pipeline failure strain ....................................................1305
M. Law, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Materials Division, Menai, Australia
L. Fletcher, MIAB Technology Pty Ltd, Australia
G. Bowie, Bluescope Steel, Australia
EPRG proposal for a maximum yield/tensile ratio in the European
linepipe code EN10208-2 ............... ......................................................1317
W. Sloterdijk, Gastransport Services (NV Nederlandse Gasunie), Groningen, Netherlands
T. Zimmerman, C-Fer Technologies, Edmonton, Canada
The yield to tensile ratio effect on the structural reliability of linepipes
with degfects subject to different loads ................................................1333
H.A. Ernst, J.A. Villasante, and R. Bravo, Tenaris Group, Buenos Aires, Argentina
A. Izquierdo, Tenaris Group, Veracruz, Mexico
Bending capacity of high strength linepipe ...............................................1361
N. Suzuki, JFE R&D Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
A. Glover, J. Zhou, and K. Adams, TransCanada PipeLines Ltd, Calgary, Canada
M. Toyoda, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

7
Session 17: PIPELINE DESIGN..... .............................................1375

Application of X80 into Japan: Earthquake resistance ..............................1377

H. Yatabe, N. Fukuda, and T. Masuda, Pipeline Technology Center, Tokyo Gas Co Ltd, Yokohama,
Japan
M. Toyoda, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Strength and safety of gas pipelines through engineering design .............1393
R.F. Loeches, Repsol-Enagas, Madrid, Spain
The classical approach to end-effect analysis of elastic pipe bend ...........1405
I. V. Orynyak and S. A. Radchenko, Institute for Problems of Strength, Kiev, Ukraine
V. V. Rozgonyuk, Nafto-Gas Ukrainy, Kiev, Ukraine
On the numerical calculation of collapse and collapse propagation
pressure of steel deepwater pipelines under external
pressure and bending: experimental verification of the finite
element results ............................. ......................................................1417
R.G. Toscano, L. Mantovano, and E.N. Dvorkin, Tenaris Group, Center for Industrial Research,
Campana, Argentina
Design and development of pipe-in-pipe systems for ultra-deepwater
applications ................................... ......................................................1429
B. Peacock, Corus R.D.&T., Hartlepool, UK
Construction of a transmission pipeline in Japan’s
hostile environments .................... ......................................................1439
D. Terai, Osaka Gas Co Ltd, Kusatsu, Japan
World’s first 18-in reeled pipe installation ................................................1455
G. Brown and P. Thomson, Technip Offshore
M. Fryer, Corus Tubes Ltd, Hartlepool, UK
Finite element modelling of buried steel pipelines in settlement areas....1471
M. A. N. Hendriks, C.M.P. ‘tHart, and C.M. Frissen, TNO Diana, Delft, Netherlands

Session 18: FITNESS-FOR-PURPOSE ..........................................1485

An overview of the pipeline defect assessment manual ..........................1487

A. Cosham, Penspen Integrity, and Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, UK
P. Hopkins, Penspen Integrity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Failure assessment diagram for assessing cracks in a weldment
heat-affected-zone of a natural gas pipeline ........................................1503
W.-S. Kim and J.-H. Baek, Research and Development Center, Korea Gas Corporation, Ansan,Korea
D.-I. Kwon, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Integrity of reduced pressure electron beam girth welds
for deepwater pipelines ................ ......................................................1517
H. G. Pisarski and C. Punshon, TWI Ltd, Cambridge, UK
Verification of fracture toughness and defect tolerance of X120
girth welds .................................... ......................................................1529
M.L. Macia, S.D. Papka, and D.P. Fairchild, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co, Houston, USA
R. Denys and A. Lefevre, Laboratorium Soete, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
The assessment of girth weld anomalies detected in an Argentine
gas pipeline ................................... ......................................................1555
P. Rivarola, Refinor S.A., Argentina
A. Clyne, A. Wilde, and R. Peverelli, GE Energy, Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions, Argentina

8
 Volume 4

Session 19: DEVELOPMENT OF PIPELINE STEELS 1...................1571

Development of HFIW linepipe for offshore applications ........................1573

B. Zimmermann, Mannesmann Line Pipe, Hamm, Germany
H. Brauer and U. Marewski, Sa;zgitter Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH, Duisburg, Germany
Advances in the production of quality high frequency induction
welded linepipe ............................. ......................................................1595
D. Simmons, Corus Tubes, Corby, UK
Recent developments of high strength linepipes in hostile
environments ................................ ......................................................1603
Y. Terada et al., Nippon Steel Corp., Kimitsu Steel, Chiba, Japan
Development of high strength heavy wall seamless sour service
linepipe for deep sea ..................... ......................................................1619
K. Kondo, M. Hamada, and Y. Komizo, Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd, Corporate R&D Labs,
Amagasaki, Japan
N. Hisamune, N. Murao, H. Osaka, and T. Murase, Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd, Pipe and Tube
Works, Amagasaki, Japan
High grade linepipe for heavy sour environment .....................................1633
N. Ishikawa, S. Endo, and T. Shinmiya, JFE Steel Corporation, Steel Research Laboratory, Fukuyama,
Japan
T. Wada, JFE Steel Corporation, Plate Business Planning Department, Tokyo, Japan
J. Kondo, JFE Steel Corp, Fukuyama Works, Fukuyama, Japan
The main directions of development of pipe steels and large
diameter pipe production in Russia .....................................................1649
Y. Morozov, L. Efron, and S. Nastich, I.P. Bardin Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, Moscow, Russia
Production technique for advanced grade pipe steel ................................1659
Y.-Y. Shan, Y. Zhong, K. Yang and Y.-K. Wang, Institute of Metal Research, Academia Sinica, Shenyang,
China
F.-R. Xiao, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Yan Shan University, Qinghuang-Dao, P.R. China
Y.-P. Ma, Technology and Quality Control, Angang New Steel, Anshan, P.R. China

Session 20: DEVELOPMENT OF PIPELINE STEELS 2...................1677

Metallurgical design of advanced heavy wall seamless

pipes for deepwater applications .. ......................................................1679
E. Anelli, D. Colleluori and M. Pontremoli, Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A., Rome, Italy
G. Cumino, Dalmine S.p.A., Tenaris Group, Dalmine, Italy
A. Izquierdo and H.Quintanilla, Tenaris Group, Veracruz, Mexico
Effect of thermomechanical processing parameters on mechanical
properties and microstructure of API-X80 grade hot rolled strips .......1689
K.-B. Kang, JH Bae and W.-Y. Choo, POSCO, Technical Research Laboratories, Gyungbuk, Korea
Effect of Cu addition on hydrogen invasion behaviour for X65 linepipe
steels in sour environments ......... ......................................................1701
T. Hara and H. Asahi, Nippon Steel Corporation, Steel Research Laboratories, Chiba, Japan
Latest evolutions in material properties assessment of
supermartensitic stainless steels as considered by a material
fabricator ...................................... ......................................................1713
P. Toussaint, Industeel, Stainless Steel Development, Charleroi, Belgium
V. Ligier, B. Bonnefois, and L. Coudreuse, Industeel, Centre de Recherche en Matérieux du Creusot,
France
The influence of carbon contents on the centreline segregation
intensity in continuous cast slabs and plates of steel for large
diameter pipes .............................. ......................................................1727
Y.I. Matrossov, I.P. Bardin Central Research Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, Moscow, Russia
A.O. Nosotchenko and O.B. Isayev, Azovstal Iron & Steel Works, Mariupol, Ukraine

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Development and production of X70 plate steel for WEPP .......................1741
Huang Kaiwen and L. Jinshan, China Petroleum Material and Equipment Corporation
C. Qingwu, Beijing Science and Technology University
W. Zhenyu, Wuyang Iron and Steel Corporation

Session 21: PIPELINE COATINGS AND CORROSION ..................1749

External coatings versus stones : an aggresive relationship .....................1751

L. Valin, N. Ramambasoa, and R. Batisse, Gaz de France, Research and Development Division, Saint
Denis La Plaine, France
Pipeline coatings and joint protection: compatibility considerations .......1763
R. Buchanan, N. Gritis and D. Tailor, Canusa-CPS, Toronto, Canada
Microbe-assisted external corrosion in oil and gas pipelines ....................1779
L. Stanley, P. Sofos and B. L. Jones, GE Energy Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions, Cramlington,
Northumberland, UK
Near-netural pH SCC resistance of pipeline steels: effect of material
and mechanical parameters .......... ......................................................1789
M. Meyer, Gaz de France, France
L. Scoppio CSM S.p.A., Italy
B. Rudd, Corus UK Ltd, UK
S. Matthews, Advantica Technology Ltd, UK
J.-P. Jansen, Europipe, France
Experience in the prediction of corrosion growth rates in oil
and gas pipelines .......................... ......................................................1813
P. Sofos, J. Dawson, and J. Race, GE Power Systems Oil & Gas, PII Pipelines Solutions, Cramlington, UK

Session 22: PIPELINE BEHAVIOUR ..........................................1831

An experimental and numerical study of the effect of pre-strain

on the fracture toughness of linepipe steel .........................................1833
A. Cosham, Penspen Integrity and Cambridge University, Engineering Department, Cambridge, UK
P. Hopkins, Penspen Integrity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
A. Palmer, Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, UK
The influence of tensile testing method on the measured
properties of high strength steel linepipe ............................................1857
N.A. Millwood, G.C. Morgan, A.M. Wood and A.D. Batte, Advantica Ltd, Loughborough, UK
Full-scale large deformation tests and ultra low cycle fatigue tests for evaluating X-80 linepipe
performance............................. .....................................................1881
Y. Kawanishi et al., The Japan Gas Association, Tokyo, Japan
Hydrostatic testing of transmission pipelines: when it is beneficial
and alternatives when it is not ...... .....................................................1895
B.N. Leis, Battelle, Columbus, USA
Mechanical damage gaps analysis ...... ......................................................1921
B.N. Leis, Battelle, Columbus, USA
P. Hopkins, Penspen Integrity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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