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A
Absenteeism The failure of an employee to report to work when scheduled to do so.
Abusive discharge Also called wrongful discharge, the termination of an at-will employee
for engaging in protected activity or for refusing to commit an illegal act.
Accidental death and Insurance coverage for loss of life, limbs, or eyesight resulting from a
dismemberment work related accident.
insurance (AD&D)
Accommodation A change in workplace methods, procedures, equipment, schedules, or
plant arrangement that facilitates the performance of job tasks by
workers with special needs.
Adverse impact A situation in which a significantly higher percentage of members of a
protected group (African-Americans, Hispanics, Women, Native
Americans, and others) in the available population are being rejected for
employment, placement, or promotion.
Affirmative action Gives preferential treatment in hiring, recruitment, promotion, and
development to groups which have historically been discriminated
against.
Age Discrimination and Federal antidiscrimination law to protect job applicants and employees
Employment Act (ADEA) age 40 and over from employment discrimination due to their age. This
act also includes discrimination involving pay, benefits, and other
conditions of employment.
Agency fees Payments to firms that refer prospective job applicants to employers
with vacant positions.
Agency shop A situation, specified in a union security agreement, in which all
employees pay union dues and fees whether or not they are union
members. Refusal to pay results in employee termination.
Allegation An unproved statement.
Alternate payee An employee’s spouse, child, or other dependent, who pursuant to a
Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO) alternative dispute
resolution (ADR)
A method used to resolve a dispute out of court. An adr can be
beneficial to employers because it usually costs less and is less
adversarial than going to court.
Americans with Federal antidiscrimination law designed to remove barriers which
Disabilities Act (ADA) prevent qualified individuals with disabilities from enjoying the same
employment opportunities available to those without disabilities.
Annuity A payment of money that is made yearly for the life of the person who is
entitled to the payment.
Arbitration A method of dispute resolution in which the parties agree to present
evidence and arguments to a neutral umpire (or team of umpires) and
abide by the umpire's decision.
Assessment Use of an instrument to determine traits, skills, past behaviors in order
to relate them to current requirements.
Assessment center A selection technique that uses simulations, tests, interviews, and
observations to obtain information about candidates.
Assessment instrument A questionnaire which has been designed to elicit specific choices or
alternatives in order to predict behavior, personality, or skill preferences.
Assumption of risk A legal doctrine that places responsibility for injury on the injured
person because the person knowingly undertook an action involving a
risk of harm.
Attitude survey A set of written questions and responses completed by employees
expressing their reactions to employer policies and procedures.
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carry equal rates of pay. Some states require that comparable worth
jobs be paid equally, particularly in the public sector.
Compressed work week A work schedule in which a trade is made between the number of hours
(cww) worked pre day, and the number of days worked per week, for example,
four ten-hour work days.
Conciliation The settlement of a conflict in an amicable fashion.
Consolidated omnibus A Federal law which covers employee benefits. A major effect of the act
budget reconciliation is the requirement of employers to provide continuation of employer’s
act of 1985 (cobra) group health benefits for terminated employees and their eligible
dependents under specific conditions.
Construct validity A relationship between the underlying traits inferred from behavior and
a set of test measures related to those traits.
Content validity The degree to which a test, interview, or performance evaluation
measures skill, knowledge, or ability to perform.
Contingency plan A plan for dealing with emergencies and extraordinary situations of
various kinds.
Contingency search A search firm which collects its commission upon the hire of one of its
presented candidates. Contingency search firms usually work without a
contract.
Contributory negligence A legal doctrine that places the responsibility for injury upon the injured
person because of that person's own negligence.
Core work time A period of time in a flextime work schedule in which all employees in a
particular unit or group must be at work.
Cost of living A salary / wage increase for all employees or for a specific class of
adjustment employees due to inflation.
Criterion-related validity The extent to which a selection technique is predictive of or correlated
with important elements of job behavior.
Critical incident rating The system of selecting very effective and ineffective examples of job
behavior and rating whether an employee displays the behaviors
specified in the critical incidents.
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Damages Money or other compensation recovered in the courts by any person
who has suffered a loss.
Data base A collection of information that is stored electronically and that can be
retrieved by the use of a computer.
Davis-beacon act A Federal law which applies to employers with government contracts
and which mandates that employees be paid at prevailing wages.
De facto In fact, in deed, actually.
Decertification election An election in which employees that are represented by a union vote to
drop union representation.
Deductible Amount of money insured must pay before insurance benefits are
payable.
Defamation Any statement that has been communicated to another and that tends
to hold a person up to contempt, ridicule, or ill-repute. A defamatory
statement forms the grounds for a lawsuit if it is untrue. A defamatory
statement is a libel if it is written and a slander if it is communicated
orally.
Direct deposit A program which allows employees to authorize the employer to make
automatic deposits of their paychecks directly into their savings or
checking account in any financial institution.
Disability A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of
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Hostile environment A term used for the result of sexual harassment that creates an abusive
or intimidating working environment for the person being harassed.
Hot cargo agreement The employer permits union members to avoid working with materials
that come from employers whose employees are on strike. This type of
boycott is illegal.
Human resources Computerized personnel management and records keeping system
information system which covers all major HR operations, usually encompassing
(hris) compensation and benefits, manpower planning, payroll administration,
timekeeping, training, government required reporting, etc.
Human resource The process which provides adequate human resources to achieve
planning organizational goals. It includes forecasting future needs for employees
of all types, identifying current capabilities and limitations, and
determines the numbers of specific types of employees who need to be
recruited or phased out of the organization and when.
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I-9 form The employment eligibility form which must be completed by new
employees and employers certifying employment eligibility in
compliance with U.S. regulations.
Immigration and reform A Federal regulation which controls illegal immigration to the U.S. and
control act of 1986 prohibits employment of unauthorized foreign nationals.
Impairment The state of being physically, mentally, or psychologically damaged or
weakened.
Implied contract A legal relation in which mutual obligations may be inferred, without
formal agreement, simply from the conduct of the parties and their
mutual understandings and expectations.
Indemnity Protection against loss; surety; guarantee; insurance. Verb - indemnify
Independent contractor A person who performs work for another person but is not that person's
employee.
Indexing The periodic and automatic adjustment of employee compensation to
account for inflation in the economy.
Injunction A court order to refrain from particular conduct.
Insolvency The state of having insufficient assets to satisfy debts.
Internal equity A term primarily associated with compensation design whereby all
jobs / job classifications of a similar nature are compensated at an
equivalent rate.
Interquartile range In an ordered series of numbers (pay scale or range for example), the
distance between the third quartile and the first quartile. It contains the
middle 50 percent of data along with the arithmetic mean.
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Job analysis The process of defining a job in terms of tasks or behaviors and
specifying the education, training, and responsibilities needed to
successfully perform the job.
Job description A description of what a specific job entails along with employee
characteristics necessary to successfully perform it.
Job enrichment A method of designing a job so that employees can satisfy needs while
performing the job.
Job evaluation The formal process by which the relative worth of various jobs are
determined for pay purposes.
Job family A group of two of more jobs that have similar job duties.
Job loss A condition in which there is no work and the individual is sent home
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permanently.
Job posting A listing of job openings that includes job specifications appearing on a
bulletin board or in a company publication.
Job ranking A job evaluation method often used in smaller organizations, in which
the evaluator ranks jobs from the simplest to the most complex /
challenging.
Job search The set of activities a job candidate initiates to seek and find a position
which will be comfortable and rewarding.
Job sharing A situation in which two or more part-time employees share on job. The
job itself is usually a full time job; however, the position is filled with two
or more part-time employees.
Job specification The traits and experience necessary to perform a job.
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Labor-management Defines labor relations rights of both employees and employers,
relations act of 1947 prohibits unfair labor practices, and specifies collective bargaining rights.
(taft-hartley act)
Labor relations The continuous relationship between a defined group of employees
(e.g., a union or association) and the employer.
Landrum-griffin act A federal labor law passed in 1959 that defines the rights of union
members. It regulates and audits the internal affairs of unions.
Leave allotment Refers to the total number of weeks of leave eligibility granted to an
eligible employee per year under applicable leave laws; i.e., the leave
allotment under federal law is 12 weeks per year to eligible employees.
Leave bank (sometimes referred to as a paid time off or PTO bank) 1. A lump
disbursement of a certain number of days or hours of leave, from which
an employee can draw time and self-designate it as vacation time, sick
time, personal leave, etc; 2. A bank maintained by the employer to
which employees can "donate" vacation or sick time, to be used by co-
workers with catastrophic illnesses requiring extensive time off the job.
Some employers maintain leave banks on an ongoing basis; others
establish such banks on a case-by-case basis when a particular
employee is in need of extended leave.
Leniency rating error The tendency to rate everyone high or excellent on every criteria.
Liability A debt; a disadvantage; vulnerability to a lawsuit.
Libel A defamatory statement that is published (i.e., disclosed to another
person) in writing.
Liquidation Conversion to money; sale of assets.
Lockout A work stoppage by the employer in connection with a labor dispute; or,
the securing of an item of equipment, especially electrical equipment
during repair and maintenance, so that the equipment cannot be
activated accidentally.
Lump-sum distribution Payment of an entire amount due, all at one time (as opposed payment
in installments or annuity payments).
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Managed care A health care delivery system which stresses preventive health care in
a group practice environment. Major deliverers include ppo, hmo, and
ipa systems.
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Protected concerted Section 9(a) of the National Labor Relations Act that provides that any
activity employee or group of employees has the right to present grievances to
the employer whether or not that employee is represented by a labor
union.
'Public policy' A societal objective or interest; a legal right or obligation, expressed in a
constitution, statute, regulation, or judicial decision, that benefits the
general public.
Punitive damages Money that is awarded to a plaintiff in a judicial proceeding to punish a
defendant for a wrongful act.
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Qualified beneficiary A term used by COBRA that refers to an employee or his/her spouse
and/or dependent children when they are eligible to receive coverage
under COBRA because health care coverage was lost as the result of a
qualifying event.
Qualifying event A term used by COBRA that refers to specific events that result in an
employee or his/her spouse and/or dependents children's loss of health
coverage, such as divorce, layoff, or termination. Such events "qualify"
that individual or individuals to be covered under COBRA.
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Realistic job preview A briefing that provides a job candidate with accurate and clear
information about the attractive and unattractive features of a job. Rjp’s
are as realistic as possible in order to honestly establish realistic job
expectations.
Reasonable A change in workplace methods, procedures, equipment, schedules, or
accommodation plant arrangement that facilitates the performance of job tasks by
workers with special needs, without exorbitant cost.
Recall The act of bringing employees back to work after a temporary layoff.
Usually, recall will proceed on the basis of seniority- those with the most
seniority will return to work first- or on a "last to be fired, first to be hired"
basis.
Recency error A rating tendency to use the most recent events to evaluate an
employee’s performance instead of considering the whole rating period.
Red circle rate A salary above the maximum for the salary range.
Reengineering A procedure whereby a company reorganizes its work process to more
effectively create its product or service for the customer. Reengineering
often eliminates layers of jobs.
Rehabilitation act of Federal legislation which prohibits employers with federal contracts
1973 from discriminating against the handicapped. It requires employers to
have written affirmative action plans for hiring the handicapped.
Release A document that relieves a party of legal responsibility toward the
signer.
Reliability Refers to a selection technique’s freedom from systematic errors of
measurement and its consistency under varying conditions.
Remuneration Payment for goods provided or services rendered; compensation.
Repetitive motion injury Any bodily injury sustained as a result of repetitive motions over a long
period, particularly those performed in connection with employment.
Representation A statement which induces a party to undertake an obligation.
Representation election A secret ballot vote to determine if a particular group will represent the
workers in a collective bargaining relationship. It is monitored by the
national labor relations board (nlrb).
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Respondent superior A legal doctrine that holds the employer responsible for acts committed
by employees in the course of their employment.
Restraining order A court order to refrain from particular conduct; an injunction.
Restricted shop A practice initiated by management to keep a union out without violating
labor laws. A restricted shop an attitude rather than a formal
arrangement.
Restructuring A process of reorganizing businesses and/or getting rid of unnecessary
operations.
Retained search When a search firm is granted exclusive rights to fill a particular
position. Company is paid a portion in advance, and presents, in its
opinion, the five highest qualified candidates for the company to choose
from. The search firm takes responsibility for everything up to the final
interview. Usually, it may also involve a satisfaction guarantee for one
year, to fill the position should the selected candidate vacate the
position.
Retaliation An action taken by an employer that has a negative impact on an
employee because the employee has complained about or claimed
wrongdoing against the employer.
Reverse discrimination Prejudice exercised against a person or class for the purpose of
correcting a pattern of discrimination against another person or class.
Right to work A classification of employment determined by law by the state of
employment, which allows any employee to work for the organization
without regards to union membership. 19 states (including texas) have
right to work laws.
Rightsizing Eliminating or scaling back unnecessary or outdated jobs to achieve
more efficient operations.
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Salary midpoint The rate of pay half way between the minimum and maximum salaries
for a specified range.
'Same actor' inference The claim that if the person who fires an employee was the same
person who hired that employee, then it logically follows that there is no
basis for a complaint of discrimination against the employer.
Scab Slang term for a worker who replaces a striking employee.
Second quartile In compensation – any wage or salary which falls in the range between
the middle point of the salary range down to the point which is half-way
between the minimum and the middle point. Some new hires with
exceptional experience or high performance expectations may be hired
in this area.
Selection The process by which an organization chooses from a list of applicants
the person or persons who best meet the selection criteria for a position
available, considering current environmental conditions.
Spd (summary plan A document that explains the claims procedure and other benefit
description) information of a health care insurance plan to employees.
Seniority Relative duration of service.
Senior professional in Certification awarded to HR professionals who pass a comprehensive
human resources (sphr) examination and meet the stringent experience and educational
requirements specified by the Society for Human Resource
Management (SHRM) and the Human Resource Certification Institute
(HRCI).
Service letter A letter provided to an employee by a former employer, describing the
nature and duration of the employment and the reason for termination.
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401(k) plan An employee savings plan based upon section 401(k) of the Internal
Revenue Code, which allows eligible employees to contribute a
percentage of their salary on a tax-deferred basis into a company-
administered investment plan.
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AA
Affirmative Action
AAA
American Arbitration Association
AAC
affirmative action clause
AAI
ASPA Accreditation Institute
AAOHN
American Association of Occupational Health Nurses
AAP
Affirmative Action Program
AARP
American Association of Retired Persons
ABC
American Benefits Council
ABO
accumulated benefit obligation
ACA
American Compensation Association now known as World at Work
ACCC
Associate Certified Career Coach – certification granted by the Career Coach Institute
AD&D
accidental death and dismemberment
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act
ADEA
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
ADEC
accumulated deductible employee contributions
ADR
alternative dispute resolution
AFL
CIO
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations
AFSC
Air Force – Air Force Specialty Classification (Job Title)
AFSCME
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees
AHA
American Hospital Association
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIHA
American Industrial Hygiene Association
AMA
American Management Association
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
APA
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ASA
American Statistical Association
ASHPA
American Society for Hospital Personnel Administration
ASIS
American Society for Industrial Security
ASSE
American Society of Safety Engineers
ASTD
American Society for Training and Development
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BAT
Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training
BFOQ
bona fide occupational qualification
BLR
Business & Legal Reports, Inc., Old Saybrook, CT 06475 (800
727
5257)
BLS
Bureau of Labor Statistics (Department of Labor)
BPI
Business Periodicals Index
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CBP
Certified Benefits Professional – certification granted by World at Work
CCC
Certified Career Coach – certification granted by Career Coach Institute
CCP
Certified Compensation Planner – certification granted by World at Work
CCR
Commission on Civil Rights
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CEBS
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COBRA—
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
COLA—cost
of
living adjustment
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DEP.—dependent
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DOD—Department of Defense
DOJ—Department of Justice
DOL—Department of Labor
DOT—Department of Transportation
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EO—executive order
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FEPA
fair employment practice agency
FICA—Federal Insurance Contributions Act
FT—Full
time
FTC—Federal Trade Commission
FTE—full
time equivalent
FTR—full
time regular
FTT—full
time temporary
FUTA—Federal Unemployment Tax Act
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I
9 IAWP—International Association of Workforce Professionals
IBS—International Benefits Society
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IPMA
HR—International Public Management Association for Human Resources
IR—Industrial relations, investor relations
ISPI
International Society for Performance Improvement
ISR—Institute for Social Research
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LMRDA—Labor
Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
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M/F—male or female
MOS
army – military occupational specialty – job title
MRO—Medical Review Officer
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OLMS—Office of Labor
Management Standards (DOL)
OMB—Office of Management and Budget
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PT—part
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time
PTR
part
time regular
PTT
part
time temporary
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QA—quality assurance
QC—quality control
QPSA—qualified pre
retirement survivor annuity
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Rev.—Revised
RIF—reduction in force
RTK—right to know
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Stat.—statute
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TAD
military – temporary duty
TDY
military – temporary duty
TRA
Tax Reform Act (1986)
TRASOP
Tax Reduction Act Stock Ownership Plan
TRO
temporary restraining order
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UC
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unemployment compensation
ULP
unfair labor practice
URL
uniform resource locator
USC
U.S. Code
USCIS
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, an agency of the Department of Homeland
Security. Formerly the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS) and—
before that—the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS).
USDOL
U.S. Department of Labor
USERRA
Uniformed Service Employment and Reemployment Rights Act
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VA
Department of Veterans Affairs
VDT
video or visual display terminal
VEBA
Voluntary Employees’ Beneficiary Association
VETS
Veterans’ Employment and Training Service (DOL)
VEVRAA
Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974
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WARN
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (Act) of 1988
WAW
World at Work
WC
workers’ compensation
WFPMA
World Federation of Personnel Management Associations
WHD
Wage and Hour Division (DOL)
WIA
Workforce Investment Act
WPM
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