Francisco Alan López Valenzuela

Grammar Review.

X01

210200660

Abbreviations and Symbols

S= Subject
V= Verb
(+)= Affirmative Statement
(-)= Negative Statement
(Y/N?)= Yes/No Questions
(Wh-?)= Wh- Questions (Information Questions)

Tense Formula Uses Examples Notes

(+) S + V To describe what regularly/ He runs 10 miles every day.

usually/ always happens Page A-11(Appendix 21:
Spelling Rules for the
To express how often Our teacher is never late. Simple Present: Third-
something happens Person Singular)

Simple (-) S+ do/ does + not+ verb To talk about situations that Water boils at 100° C.
Present aren’t’ connected to time
Humans don’t have the
capacity to breathe under
water.
(Y/N?) Do/ does+ S+V? With non-action verbs Do you want to be a good Page A-2 (App. 2: Non-
teacher? Action Verbs)

(Wh-?) Wh-Question word +do/ does+ To talk about scheduled What time does the match
S+V? future events begin?

The movie starts at 9:45. Verbs often used: start, end,

leave, begin

(+) S + BE (present) + present participle To emphasise that the I’m filling a chart. Signal words like now, at
(Main Verb) action is taking place at the moment are often
the moment of speaking used.

To make clear that there
is a limited period of
time.
(-) To talk about actions that
take place around now
Present and only for a limited
Progressive period of time, but not at
the moment of speaking.
(?)
To describe a
development from one
The population of China
I'm going to the theatre Signal words:
tonight tonight, tomorrow, next
Friday, at noon
Most of the time we
I'm studying for my don’t use signal words,
exams. but we may use: now, at
the moment.
We use information of
specific interest that is in
 situation to another is rising very fast. constant evolution or
change, for example,
scientific, of arts, food,
politics, etc.

Affirmative statements To describe an James moved to FOG(Focus on

S+V (in past) action that was France last year. grammar) Unit 2
Negative statements completed at a p.12 Grammar notes
S+DO/DOES+ V(in present) specific moment in
Y/N questions the past
Do (in past)+ S + V (in present
Simple Past
tense)
(WH?) Wh Question word + do
(in past) +V (in present)
Simple Past and Simple Past
V (in past) + V (in past)
Simple Past and Simple
Progressive
V(in past)+ V(in present
participle)
(+) S+ Be (in past) +V(in To describe an The Jackobsons FOG(Focus on
present participle) action that was in were living in grammar) Unit 2
(-) S+ Be + not + V(in present progress at a specific Finland in 1999. p.12 Grammar notes
participle) time in the past.
Past Y/N + Be (in past)+ V (in
Progressive present participle) To talk about two
WH Question word+ Be(in actions in progress While Clark was
past)+V(in present participle) at the same time in leaving the Signal words: while,
the past. newsroom, Lois was when
calling the police.

(+) S+ have+V(in past) To talk about things I’ve lived in FOG Unit 3 p.21
(-) S+ has/have + not + V (in that started in the Hermosillo my Grammar notes
present participle) past but were not whole life.
completed.
Present Y/N? Has/have +S + V in
Perfect present participle

Wh? WH Question word+

has/have + S+ V in past

(+)S+ have + BE (in past To talk about things I’ve been living in FOG Unit 3 p.21
participle) + V in present that started in the Hermosillo my Grammar notes
participle past but were not whole life.
(-) S+ has/have + not+ BE in completed. -Remember not to
past participle + V (in present use stative verbs in
Present participle) the progressive
Perfect
Progressive
Y/N? Has/have +S+ been + V form!
in present participle
Wh? WH Question word+
has/have + S+ been+ V in
 present participle

To show that By 1994, Ang Lee FOG Unit 4 p.31

Statements something happened had become Grammar Notes
S+HAD(NOT)+ Past participle before a specific successful.
time in the past.

Past Perfect Yes/No Questions

Had+ Subject + Past Participle

To talk about an By 2000, Lee had FOG Unit 4 p.31

action that was in been directing films Grammar Notes
progress before a for eight years.
Past Perfect
Statements specific time in the
Progressive S+ Has(not) been+ Base Form past.
+ -ing

Yes/No Questions Had Ang Lee been

Had+ Subject+ Been + Base directing films for a
Form + -ing long time?

To talk about actions I’m going to fly to Use be going to,

(+) Subject + Aux + V (present and states in the Mars next week. will, the present
tense or base form) future progressive and the
I will fly to Mars simple present
Future next week. More info:
FOG Unit 5 p. 56

(+)Subject + Aux + Be + Base Form+ -ing To talk about actions I’m going to be Use the auxiliaries
that will be in flying to Mars. be going to or will
progress at a specific I will be flying to FOG Unit 5 p.57
time in the future Mars.
Future
Progressive
 (+)S+ Will(not) + Have + V in To talk about a I will (not) have FOG Unit 6 p.70
Past Participle form future action that earned interest by Grammar Notes
will already be then.
Y/N Questions Will+ S+ completed by a a Will she have
Have+ Past Participle certain time to the earned interest by
Future future. then?
Perfect
WH-Questions
WH Word+ will(have)+ Past How much will she
Participle have earned by
then?

(+)S+ Will(not) + Have been + To talk about an I will (not) have FOG Unit 6 p.70
V in Base form+-ing ending action that will be in been earning Grammar Notes
Y/N Will+ S+ Have been+ progress at a certain interest for a month.
Base Form+ -ing time in the future.

Future
Perfect
Progressive