POCCHHCKAA AKAJIEMHA HAYK
| g MHCTHTYT A3bIKO3HAHHA
JOPMYECKHM AHAJIN3 A3bIKA
ASbIKH OCTETHKH:
KOHUEDTYAJIbHBIE NONA
TIPEKPACHOTLO H BE3OBPA3HOrO
Cocrasurens 4 orserersenuutit pegaicrop
‘ien-Koppecnongent PAH H. J. Apymtonoea
ofa BO
«AHAPUK»
Mocxsa 2004 676 T.H.Cwosapooa
a
HOBATS HEKOTOPIX BECEMA 3HATHDIX XYAOAKHMKOB, KOUX PHCYHIE X0-
7H PCOBAHL ¢ YHEHOCTHIO H PAsyMOM, HO Kaxkyren GuITb Nevamnes
‘Mu, 2ATeM TO PYKa HX BosepKHMBACMA GBLIA PASCYAKOM, MH YTO Taw
Beero omM crapamich HaGsoRaT» McmpaRKocTs ovepranuit, u USparxe-
uue upesexuocruy. Tpexctamente 0 HesakonueHHOCTH, «xenoa-
eprKUEBAeMOCTH PAscyAKOM>, B CBO O¥epeNs, CBAGAKO ¢ HoHATHEM je
ne sais quoi (de beau, de pitioresque, etc.)
Aaa socupuntus Toro, 470 He moxeT pacunexuTs 1 osAcHHT,
PAccyAOK, HeOBXORMMA HORA «cHocoSuOCTh cyxnenua» — effet au
Premier coup @’ceil, npovasonocranisemoe progres du raisonnement
(onmosunus, snepssie chopmymposanuan Tlackaxem), B tol tpa-
UNH NexHIT MPHAMULMASHO BaLKHOE ju ScTeTUKE Poke ne Ting
H yoke ynoMMuasmIeecs HaMit pagmeneHMe noHsITHit beauté u gréce
(nepenogumoti na pyccxinit kax npuamHocms): «Kaxxetca, ee M020
oupesenure Tax: UPEATHOLTS ecTs TO, 470 es coywacmus pasyaa
panes m neuer cepauer (Kyperm aptopal)}°, Toxarmo je ne
sais quoi Heosmoxxo fat HUKAKOTO TOWHOTO oNpenemeHUR, ero
HMOs NepeRecTH HH Ha KeKOH RDYTOH staHIK (970, HaRepHoe, camas
‘¢anTHMUMTaeTHMMecKa> KaTeropHA dpaxnyackoit ocreTHKM: HEROS
MoxkHooTs AeduEUUIE snecd — cyTs conepakana). B To >ke BpeNs Mt
Make TOBOpUTS O TAKHX KOMMOHeNTAX SHAYEHMA OTOH HAHOMBI, KaK
«ckopooTh, BHesaNHOCTS BOCIPHATHA, HeOKHIAHHOCTS, OApeHHe®.
BuauMo, orcyrersie Kounentyatnaanun upunararemsHoro pitto
esque B pyccKOM Aasixe cBMSaNO ¢ Gonee OOMUNU KYALTYpEBIM
Mponeccamu — » tom uucze i ¢ HeMOMMMaHneM m Orpunaxitem pye-
cCKUM KaaccHRUSMoM HppanHOHabEIX MOMeHTOR KnacoMmUsMA
paunyackoro", Bupowem, 8 Kouue nepenona Poxke xe Tans waya~
Ten ROGaBHA ABA CTHXOTHOPEHUS, «KON Ho OTHOCHTEMBHOCTH CBOE!
conepaauiio cell KEKrH sjecb UpHMevarastet>: ORO He BUX nOCBA-
mexo Muxaiiny Marseesuxy Usaxony, Opary nepenoxumia, wexum
Huxonaem Hapxonsim., B 010M cruxornopenunt ecrb TaKHe CTPOKH:
Ho tit, npesocxoxa Jloppexs weprencastt,
Tipooton wan Noxemm aug MasukibiNe HawepTaTD:
Tpexsoroe paosoorou, spelt rexbattxpasn,
“10 Hurepe spoiner anece
‘Hurrepec npercraniier axecb TaKeKe Mnexeline exoR H2 KyaMttapHOM soxeMEt
4+Ona [paixtioers. — T.C.] roan cays. mpupanoro (aseaizonner) nceM noie-
‘ynowsnyriin wactan.
14 Osun na Kocmeunax exenersiik noxeGnore MrHOpHpoDEHK ABHLAOCK HaRECT
Moe ynoxoBeuse A. CHMABCKIM comMaTHoTHTecKo® peaawana «conuanucrHve:
‘com tenacessanys
B.TomoBuy
SI3bIKOBOE OTHOMIEHVE
KAK 9CTETMYECKOE OTHOINEHHE
0. B saraasum ganuoll crarbi waxomares Apa noumTum — 9cTeTH-
ka 1 orHomenne. Boreruka annseres HaxGos1ee cxoxHoit, TPyROeN-
Koi, quckycononnol 4 HauMeHee yHopazoYeHHOl us uex ryMaxn-
TapHEX ANCHMIUNM, HocTosHHO Canancupyromeli Ha TpaHit MaTepH-
AanbHoro m AYXOBMOTO, PanHoHaTBHOTO UppaToHAMbHOTO, Bepa-
amayemoro # Henep6astmayemoro [Buruxosst 2001: 456]. Meromkonars
oriomexne nerapronoruuecks (6e3 HomanaHua B KoHNenTyaNDEHBIit
‘TYRMK) TOWTH HeBosMoxHO. OHO sBAIseTCH KOMIERCHDIM tbeHoMe-
Hom, OcHoBy KoToporo cocransser GuHapHas cass: (ACB), TouKee,
ono saiteteR HeOOpATHMAIM H HeYTHARTApHEIM akcuOmOTHUeCKHM
MIpHTADKeHHeM WIM OTTAIKMBAKMeM MepHNMUpoRaHHOTO sBNeHHA.
Cymecrayior ana OcHOBHBIX Mo”Xoa K scTeTHUeCKOMy OTHOMIeHITIO.
Tlepsutit 6asupyerca Ha MOTO2KeHUH 0 TOM, YTO OOseKTOM scTETHUe-
cxoro oTHoMIeHHa sBasioTes MpHpoAHBIe cBolicTBA H cBoitcrBa jelicT~
nurembHocT# (ecrecrsonequecKaa Konmernum). Bo ETopoM MOAXORe B
Kavectne OGsaaremsHOTO KOMMOHeHTa BuCTYHaeT OBmyecTBO (COMM
ansna xounennis), B Hexoropuix nogxofax HaGaiozaeTes HeOOEI-
uaituas curyauus. Tax, M.T.Toorya wanucan nenyio raspy ox
Hagpaunient «KareropuansHoe ompeseenue screTHuecKoro oTHOmIe-
HUM», Ho we Aan u camoro onpeneenus [Torys 1968: 29-57]. Baro
sememuyeckoe Ox TOAKYeT Kak OTHOMIeHHe: «OcteTHyecKoe — 9TO
‘Taxoe oTHoMIeHNe, IPH HOMOMI KOTOPOTO HEAMNUA, BOTYMAR B weTIO-
cpencrnenubit KONTAKT ¢ ONeMOBeUeHHEIM MHpOM, HOCTHraeT 1 11e-
pextuBaer, oNeHURaeT cHO%HBI U UpoTHBopeuNBEI Mponece cTA-
HOBJENHA YerOReKA, KAX MporpeceupyiNyH (8 npuENUTe), HOCpeA-
‘cTBOM Hero RYXOBHO CAMOYTREp2KNACTeA B KaYeCTBe NeaOCTHO! CBO"
Gomuol aeunocru» [Tar 2Ke: 26]!. Hasecrmute ocreruxn Teopr To-
rexs, Mumanyun Kaur, Opuapux Mexamur, Teonop AnopHo, APTyP
Ionenrayop, Bexenerro Kpove, VuGepro 9x0 u Ap. He ToxKyIoT OT-
jembHO 9cTeTHUecKOe OTHOMIeHMe, a SATparHBaeT ero B PaMKax axa-
sua Apyrux npo6stem.
1 Bupaxenne sctermieckoro oruouenus ucxyectme x jelleTsurremilocT#{ HOR
‘wepkuna H. T. “epmaniescxu » aoxropexol naccopramun, sanpaneunion » 1855.
[Meprenmescxsit 1955]. 678 B.Towoeus
Cxema 1
‘SORETITARCRAR
TRATEROPHAT
T
CTETHYECKAS
‘SOTETINIBORAR ‘SHAMIEMOCT SCTETATBOROR
eHHocTS 1 ‘COEPORAHIE
I ‘OCTETHHECKAR I
SCTETINORAT ‘Sv ‘SOTETHBCKAR
OWEN : MH@OPMATIA
SCTETAMECKAR
OOPMA
SCTETHEIEOROR 9CTETMYECKOR SCTETAECRAR
HOnATHE OTHOMIEHHE | _ aorMa
SCTETHNBCKAR
TOTPuBHOCTS
a ‘eTETH CRU
BRYC ‘SCTETHBCKOE BRYC
I BIRYATIRANE I
‘SCTITHNBORHT L SCTETHMRCRAR
‘BAZ DETETHECKOR MEA
“ YnOBONBCTBHE 1
‘OCTETHYECKHA I ‘SCTETHYECKAS
‘Ko SOTETHECROR ‘CrrocoBHOGT
HACAROIEAIE
1, B ocuone screruueckoro orHomenua HaxoguTes ocobsiit 7mm
orHomleHia — axeuoaorsueckuit (neunocT#mii), Xora ocreruve-
cKoe oTHOMeHMe aBnaeTCA YHAAMeHTOM BcOTO acTeTHYeCKOro
(cxema 1), 3 xxacenueckoit acretuxe ono He UHCAHTEA B eHHCKe OC
HOBHLIX 9cTeTH¥ECKHX KaTeropuit, KAKMME ABIAOTeH UpeKpackoe,
KOMMYecKoe, TPArHYecKoe, TParHKoMMYecKoe, rpanuosHoe, BoE
MecTueHuoe, repouyeckoe, MaTeTH¥ecKoe Hap. DoTerHuecKoe OT
HoMeHHe o6paayer RyXOBHY!0 cBASS Mencay cyGBeKTOM M OSEKTOM,
Slauiwonoe orHomtenie Kax 2ereTHvecKoe oTKOUTENHME 679
ocHonamity10 wa HesaMTepeconanHoM HHTepece K MOCEHEMY H CO-
mponoxqaemyio UYRCTROM rayGoKOTO AYXOBHOTO HacHaeHMA OT
oSmenust ¢ nun [Sereruxa 1989: 244]?.
2.Ws screruueckoro oTHomleHua sapoxsaerem ocreTuueckas
umpopmanus. Ona cocrasmer ocHoBy scTernueckHx cystqeHitit, 2c-
reTueckoit HeHHOCTH H 9cToTHYecKoro HacsaxKnenua. Ha ee ocHORE
BROOHMKAeT ONCHEA, HACKONBKO BRICKASHINAHe ABIAeTCA ocTeTHUC-
CK YorpOeHHBIM, KpacHBBIM HTK TOKEN, FapMONMUNBIM WT AHC-
rapMOHMUHSIM, COBeDUICHHSIM ITH 9CTeTHYECKH HEOPOPMIICHHBIM.
Tloaxon « serermuecKkomy MoxeT OkiTh reqoMMCTHYecKUM M YTIERH-
‘rapsbim. Defounermveckoe oTHoMexNe Beper XK screTHUeCKOMY Ha-
cmareqenmo, 8 TO BPeMA KAX YTUmKTApHEIK HORXOR crpeMuTCH K
oSpexTuBHOMY, Hay'¥HOMy OcosHamuio. B epsom cxy4ae BOOHTIKA-
Jor peaxmum B hope HacnaxeuHs, BocTOpra H OTBPAIeHUst, YO~
BOALCTENH HA HerogoRAHHA, pafocTH uaM My¥exta... Teqouucrn-
veckoe orHomenne catsano ¢ OnHOi 13 Baxueitmux dyn sant-
xa — soageiicrauem (uepnoxynueit). Hocurexamu raxoro orHome-
HHS BLICTYMAIOT OeMeHTApHAIe SAKKOREIC eAUKMTBL, HO M Gomee
IMpoKue TeKCTYANBHBIe KoMUeKcHI. Serem¥ecKan mEKhopMamHst
TIpaMO cBAgaHA ¢ SCTeTHMecKHMH HOPMAMM XAK «OOmepHHATEIMG
UpHHNHMANN octeTuUeCKO!t AeTTeMSHOCTH, TEOPYecTBA H BOCHPA-
ATHA, a TAKE OGpasmAMM XyTOXecTReHHG-eCTeTIYECKHX TeHHO-
creii B axHom conmaxsioM KosseKTHBe H ero KysETYpe, Mpanua-
MU COBkAHMA M BOCHPUATUA UpoHsBeReHMi McKyccTBA, B cny¥ae
erporoit wenpenoxnocra upunumaommmn dbopMy Kaxouay [KCO
1988: 104].
3. Kaxcnoe screriueckoe oTHOMeHe, O6paTaMoe HsH Heo6paTH-
Moe, OcyMecTANseTcH B KBARPATe HOMHHAHT, KOTOPSIe COCTABAsOT
Oopma, suavene, byHKNHA H KaTeropus (cxema 2). Takoe orHome-
Hue MOTYT O6pasonars TOMOTeHHBIC RoMUHAHTE: (ampuMep,
Af
RATEFOPI A | reve
wOReB TECH
fees
4 Tlenrpamsine acnextou screrimicexoro ornomenus smaseres
conan cy6sexra x oGserra, Oua smaieTOs CHOOKHBIM H pasHOOOpASEBIN,
Mosromy cymectayior pasmusiBte TomKoRaxHs. Cem uix BEIesIeTCS
nogxon Jleounia Crostoswia, xovopisit mpones ata naaxMOoTHORIe-
304 goverHuecks oneHHRaeMOTD MpemMeTa, O6ULeCTBA IETHMEOCTH B cHe-
Teme ocrerureckoro oruomentis [Cronosi 1999: 180-181]. B ero mo-
‘esi 9eMexrapuoe screrieckoe oTHOMIeHUe HMdeeT optayy:
eat
160
(Oua nurpaxkaer noaxmoxelicrane (a) sererHueckm omeHiBaeMoro IDeA
Meta, spreuua w (6) o6mecrRa. Dra (popmy.ra jaree yrounsercs B NO-
ruupe cbasut.
(1)Tlomueprusaeres o6nexr screrHueckoro OTHOMICHHS:
+
GL@ 0) flo,
xe II — npeamer, sunenue, nozrexcauee sorernueckoit oxenke, O—
OGuecTso, oSmecruenHute OrHoMeHuT, «yo raamMoreiteraNe, ++» H
eo MonamBHOCT naainorelicTana, + sHAK, oGostavaronttlt naaxt-
Mogelicrsite, He apamomeecst sucTO cnyualkusIM HO OTHOMTeHIIO x
oOmectsenHolt mparcruxe, a Slo — sumsnocTs, paccMarpuBacncas Kax
empegetanrems otecTsa»
(2) Baisenseres snemenrapusiit axr screriiecKoro omiTat
+o
(1.40) = S10] 51.
(8) @opmannayeres sererueckitit AKyC Kak CyMMapoBaHte 9CTeTH-
‘eckoro omBina:
+ 4
BE, 0) & fo] > 51},
me By, — eyuma sereriuecxoro omrra, q — mugexe, koropstlt uywepyer
guemelttapitnie aucrbi 9ereTiaecKoro Bocripiria, 2) — sHax cypoDanTHs
BKYCOBEIX O1eHOK.
(4) Hpencranaserca screruueckuit mean KK cymma screTiecKorO
Bkyca H facto OMAK MOAeMs 9cTeTHNELKUH cHOCOSMOCTH:
+ #
LEa {l(H @ 0) ¢ Ho] > A).
Oxonvarempuas hopmyzta JI, Crostonua cocrour m3 csenyronysx 910
MeHTop:
sos + oe
[GT 6 0) & So] EE, {{(I « 0) «= Ho] > A}
5. JL. Crosonns koxcrarupyer, To emu He xBasioTOA XOpOMIH-
ant 1h myprrutnant cant 10 ceGe, Ges oTHOMTENNA K YemOREKY. Oust He
XapakTepHayIoT KBTCHHA, UpeMMETEL, BEIM ¢n ceGeo, A BOSHMKAIOT
PackpHBaIoTes B OTHOTTeHIM K cYOSCKTY, OXBATSIBAM SHAYEHHS s5-
aeunii, mpeameros, semeit aa cyOnexra. OxHaKo opmerrupopan- 682 B.Towoaw
OCT NeuHOCTH Ha cyGLEKT He Reser HX uHCTO cyOBOKTUBIEIME an-
BONHAM, He auMAeT 2x OOmIeCTReHHO-HeTOpHYeCKOIt O6uEKTHBEO-
crn, 160 mpaxtueckoe ssanmogelicrsue cyOtexra X o6sexTa upeg-
cranaser coGoi o6nextupusiti upomecc. «Mextny cyOseKrom O64.
eKTOM cymecTByeT TAKIKE OLeHONHOe OTHOMIeHHe, KOTOPOE HeObxG-
auMo 3 mponecce nosHaBaTeSHO! 1 mpeoBpasonarexbuolt Teste,
HOCTHE YenOReKAa H KOTOpOe ABANETCH CBOETO Pola MOCTOM OT NOsHA-
uta K mpeo6pasoBaxmio» [Croxosn 1999: 186-187]. Baetume axe.
2ke nBaseTea oTHomeHM cyGseKTa K ApyroMy cy6seKTY.
6, Boanmuoe nepennereHHe PAgIMMEAIX OTHOMTeHIE 1 ReATeMEHO-
creli 8 nosHasaremuoit m mpeoOpssonaremsuoit cucreme «cyGuerr —
oSsexr» 1 » connansHo-neMxorOrUsecKOit cHCTeMe «sINUHOCTs — OGme-
corpo» uso6paxxaetea cresysomum o6pason [Tan ae: 188]:
cyOwexr nosuasanas
ie peospesosainis
elite
fae
a
surunoera Fr ssmecra0
i
<| >
ivyyy
o6sexr
(apupora, o6ujects0, wenonex)
+ peannoe zeiteraite
“> RyxoDnoe xeflerae
> prance ssaumonetiernie
405) aynonmoe naaunoneliersie
B croft mozerm ssienmores ava Tuna orHomenuit — (1) onuona-
npapaenmoe: OBBEKT — CYBBEKT — nevepmarnanus o6nextow cyOsex-
‘Ta, cyGvexT — OGzexT — npeoOpasoaTenbHoe oTHOMeHHe, B poTecce
Kotoporo ocymecrsuserca pesTeIbHOCTE cySueKTa oO mpeo6paso-
Bam ODBEKTHBHOH PeaTbHOCTH M COSAAHHIO HOBKIX OUKEKTOR,
CYBBEKT ~ OBERT — npaxruyeckoe asammoorHourenue cySsexra
oSsexta, mpaxruka, OBSEKT — CYBBEKT — noaxanarensuoe o7-
Homenue cyOsexra x OGseKTY — oTpaxeHHe oOtexTa B commaNTH
cySsexra, CYBbEKT — OBERT — nennocrHo-onenounoe oromenne
cySsexra k ofserry, JIM4HOCTS > OBLIECTBO ~ orHomenne, 2 KOTO
‘Slowrxovoe ormomenne wax 9ererHweckoe OTHOLIeHe 683
pom muHOCTs ynpasaser OGmecrsow wx KaKoli-mG60 ero YacrHio,
OBNIECTRO > AMYHOCT — Wopumponanue oftecrsom muuHocTH: B
potecce conmannsaisin mrxnocrs un ee nocnirramts, (2) ssyxanpan-
nexnoe: JITTHOCTS <> OBITECTEO — mexHocrio-omenounoe oro
Inenue surwuocrs K oOmecTay, OBLJECTBO «= JIMYHOCTb — mextocr~
wo-onewouroe orxomenue oOmecTsa x mruHocTH, JIMMHOCTS <= OB-
LISCTBO — KoMMyHMKaTunHoe BsaxiMooTHOMIeHHO MO:Y JHOCTHIO
‘oGmiectBom, CYBBEKT = OBEKT — qyxosHo-mparraveckoe oTHOmIe-
ue cyOxexra i oOnerra, obpasyiomjeecs: Ha ocHORe MpaxTHKH, cocTas-
mMOMIee RYXOBHO-OOSEKTHEEIA muap aessOCTeR,
7. flaumonoe oTHOMIeHMe Kak 9CTeTHVECKOe OTHOMICHHE MOxKHO
mpegerasuTs cexyiomm o6pasoMt:
8, Suemexrrapuas (popmyza sSBIKOBOTO OTHOMIEHs KaK 9eTeTHYE-
exoro, Ha Ham naraay, meer enenyIOmt BHA:
AX
€
A, X — screriaecnntit ofnexr, € — reneparop (cySnexr) oorerituecioro of
nomena
B sanikonont orHonterin Kaxt sereruecKoM cymiecTayion oOzuraTopHie
xn haxyabrarasasie caasit. OGmiraropyylo KoppesiaTizio o6pasyior cy
exr moGsexr (rax ax asttioe BoamMozelicTsHe He MOnKeT cyMecTBOBATS
Gea nx), Paxyararueuas Koppexmmus KacaeTes WHeTA OOBERTOR. Ic-
‘reritueckoe OTHOTTeHe COCTOHT 13 fByx NocTORAIX (cyGueKTa H OGE
‘exra) 1 onto! nepemenuoil (nexburccuPosastHoro "iteAa OOOKTOB, BOTY”
nnayoutinx B acTeruveckoe orHomere). TaxitM O6pad0x, CTPYETYPY ASHI
‘koRO-9cTeTHecKOTO OTHOTIeHI Kak CTETHeCKOIO COCTABARION: 684 B.Towoauy
—
ema
—— { “tm one
bene
Osman Gopieyaa nanikosoro onuomeuus ony
onwosmeus kas sneraeexoro nonyas-
eT crexyiommit BAA: .
Gael} AS}
A, X — screruuecie ofrserernt, © —
-yOnexr ocreritvecxoro omuoniexita, ¥ —
9. Koppensuis aastxosoe oTHoricHie <> scrermieckoe oTHomIeHe
‘nopoxsgaer ersipe BosMorKHEIx BapHarsra KerumHOcTH: 1) Bce AEIKORBIE
orHomennis smamoren seretueckiim (A > B <> X = e), 2) sce assiKo-
Bhle OTHOMeHHA He annmoTe ocrerHuecKumH (A > B © X # e),
8) HeKoTopnie sabiKonsIe OTHOMIeHHA siRssKOTER JeTeTHMECKEME (He
A OB, x0 BC =e), 4) uexotoprre aaeixonste orKoMeHHE He ABA
sores ocreruueckumn (A) B =e, no B¢ Ce). Tpit u3 Hux apasior-
om pearsinimst (novexmamuniMn, RoaMontuMn) — 1, 2m 8. Her
mporupopewnpocra (KouTpanHKNEE) MexAy 3. 4, B TO BpeMa KaK
Kourpaquxtopunimn apnmorer 12,193, 104"204.
10. Mosmonoe oruomenne Kak screriueckoe NompaayMeBaeT TPH
acnexra: xenorarusnetit, curanuKaTHBEutlt 1 dopmansintit. B oc
‘TeTHUAINH AevoTATHBHOTO OTHOMIeHMA cyIqeCTBYIOT NpocTsIE CAyAH
‘ma; Mawa (A) — xpacuean. Tepie A crasionuren ocrersoclaa
OGsexTOM Ha ocHone accommaTHauoro (napayurMarHuecKoro) OTHO-
menus © Apyrumat oGpeKTaMM, 7. €, OObeKT A dcTeTHSUpOBAH 1a Gaze
cxpsiToro, HMuLaHENTHOrO cpasteHHs ¢ ApyrHMH o6'seKTaMu (B, C.
X). B mpennoxenm Y Mawu (A) xpacuewe eaasa (a) scrermueckoe
samprkeeres 2 A, Ho B Hem (boxycHpyeTea ormomexHe wacTS (a) © es10e
(A) u nepaoe scteruaupyerea. 3necs TaxoKe acreriueckoe SarparsnaeT
Mapamurnaritieckoe OTHOMIeHHe, Tax KAK a ACCOLMATHBHO cooTHOCHTEs
cb, €.. x (nonoxkuTexsuoTo, OTpUNATeAIBHOTO HME Helimpanbworo xapaK-
‘repa). B npeanomenm Y Mawu (A) xpacuean 6xa (B) acrerusansist
oxparsisaer oTHomenne enpenmer A) mpusiax mpemera B, KoTopsitt
coormocurese mina». B npeanomennnY Mau (A) neni noyenyil (C)
——EE —
‘Slauxonoe orwoweune kax 9ereriteckoe oTHOMIENIE 685
nompaseton HoBbIi TH OFKeKTa, TAK Kak 9eTeTHOAINIA HORPAsyMeBAeT
apasiit, xxemammusrunttt oOnexr (A) m experritit, mnennmuaretait OORT
C—ror, xro menyeres ¢ A, kro cocrasnaeT npecyunosmnM0. B mpesto-
sxeuum Y Maui (A) xpacusas cecmpa (B) 3 oGwexTHoM OTHOUIEHH
Haxogatea apa wnexa: A B, OGvext B scrermsnpyeren ne mpAMO, a
wepes A. B ormmme or mpemstiaymux eaysaen scTeTHsamHm «mepe-
mpsirusaers wepes nepsitit Tepm (A). B mpumepe: Kax Mawa (A) ye
ayemca ¢ Hempox (C)| axermunuporanst 48a o6veKTa (A x C), KOTO"
He Waxonares B pedckcHBHOM OTHOITeHM, a scTeTuMecKHii m
KOMMYHMKaTHBHEIH DoKye mazaer He A.
11.B acrerusanuu saumosbix OTHommennit ORHUM 19 OCHOBHBIX
Bonpocos mBaseTeR screTHUCcKAs MeHHOCTE apagMrMaTHuecKHX 1
cmurarnaruuecknx cpasell. 970 B nepByi O¥epeAS OTHOCHTCR K H0-
umcemirveckolh, cHHOMMMaMeCKoi, OMOHUMHYECKOH 1 aHTOHTMHe-
cxoit Koppert.
12, Tlomicemuueckoe orHomtenite HMeer c:teyIOIIyI0 CTPYETYPY:
Y,OVOY,
A
€
YY —nenorar, A — aamonas enmsma (mmrsema), € — cy6next aererinse-
Tlonucemua nosponser HefimpantaonaTh OHO M3 CaMBIX HescTeTHYe-
ckux azaenuit — enyoxHoe nopropexue. OSsexror oorerHoamuEt B
TONHCeMHUECKOM OTHOICHUK ABTXCTCH ONKA AIRIKOBAK eAMEHTA
(A), mweroniaa neckosxo pedepentos (¥, © ¥, © Y,). Sererusanns
orpannuesia Ha A, Ho ocreTHuecKoe OTHOWeHHe BOOHHKACT UPH H3-
MeHeHMM HanpaBseHita: B TO BpeMs KAK B ReacTeTHYeCKOM axTe A
ornocures x Y,, 8 npoyecce screruaanun Y, Henomeyerea » kavecr-
Be Mocta JIA HacTosmero opnextupa Y,. CaMofi BbtpaawTembHoit
opmoit screrusanmm nomucemmuecKoro OTHOMICHHS aRAKeTC META”
dopa: B Heit npu nomomy A nsmpaakaerca Y, vepea Y,. Cp.: A aocmon
ace copum-paszopaemca (H. Hutxurus. «Y7po+). — Aya unum u
saqupaem (A. Tiynmeui. «Iloracto suexioe cyersino...). — H ow. cw
nue Gesdounsie/ Haemym wa daxsnex Oepecy (A.Bnox. +Heswa-
Komxas), — B dpaxayio How xoxouym w pacym randexn6pes (B. Ma-
sxosexuit. «O61aK0 B mrraxax»). — H s6ea0a ¢ 2¢¢a000 2oeopum.
(M.Jlepmoutos. «Buixoxy ont x xa nopory...»). — Crum xoanin
(C.Ecenun. «Crur xonsins...0). — [de 6odpori cepn zyaan u nadax
noa0c... (D. Tioruen, «Tloctequas m060Bn+). — Kar emeanacr cra-
pas zapmowxa! (M. Meaxoncxuii, «amara H»). 686 B.Towoaws
a
B napanurmariieckom noucemarratecKom OTHOMeHIM accomma-
tusHo cootHocaren suavenua Y, € Y,¢ Y,. Takue cnyyart Ha6monaion-
cm Torga, Korma MPAMOe H MepenocHOe sHaveHS peamsyIoTes He ORKO:
BpeMeHHO, B XoUTaxTe, a moreRoBaTeTBUO. K Taxoit nepaqurmarive-
ckoit cans moncuo npuiiru TomDKo anammmaiecxun nyreM. B rono6ux
emywasx HeNb9a ToLOpHTD O CTHTNCTHYeCKO! BBIpAsHTeMHOCTA, no-
cxommuy nepeatsHo aoGuTscn aiberra wa GomsmoM paccroautm. Cp,
Aasaro soscw! (Wonoxon 1975: 19]. — Ymo ae mui no Gostonoan
secmy dacuw» mar, Geccepdeuneit: mot veaosex? (Tan 2x0: 22]. — Jfa
ait, Gpamox, neperypum, a mo Meus “mo-mo ydyuve daeum [Tar
we: 87]. B cmrrarmaraeckom momucemanriveckom otHomere
okemaMnupyeTes onHO sHaNeHHe, a MMIIEIMpyeTeH ApyTOe.
18. Caommasecxoe onHomenne ooreruanpyeres 10-pyromy:
x
AGBOX
€
‘Y— genorar, A, B, X — sonreopsre egusnuuss (autstrsenss)
OSrexrom ocrernsamIH sBIAOTEH HOCKONGKO HAMKOBLIX enUMHT,
(A© Bo X), maciomunx omne w nor »8e (tum OTH Tor ake) ReHOTE® Y,
Dro orHomexve npenocranaser GombinHe BOSMORKKOCTHE AH CTeTH:
sannu, B welt oupexensercs ocreruveckas yexsocrs A To otHome-
uno x B u/uxu X, Sererwarmust Moker npomexonum wa napazatrne.
‘TuiecKom 4 cuwrarmaTHuecKom yposusx, Ha mapaqurmaruvecko
yposue accommarmsxo cootuocsmes A <> B> X u mhisinasenes ux 9c-
‘Teruueckan nenocTs. Hanpamep, Aum NoustHs ‘yMepers/yMupaTs’
2 cepOoxopBaTcKoM saEIKe cymecTByer oKoNO 50 cHHOHMMOB, Kaxk-
ausit 19 xoropuix screrHanpyores (ocreruNeckm omesHBaeTest) Taictne
o6pacoxs, ur0 cooruoestes ¢ apyrum (A > B > X). Mim: M.A. Uoso-
XoB Mit noMoMr cHHOHHMMTeCKOTO Psa c FOMINANTOR Udmu nepe-
Faer pase WloaHost ABIKeHUs (yCKOPeHHe WK gaMeneHHe, s1er-
KocTs aH TpyAHOCTS), OTHOMIEHA (MPOMUUKYIO, ocKopSuTeUITyIO
Hlosunitio), ToHAMBHOCTS (TopxecTeHHOCTS), Hanpumep: 1. [10d ca
nozamu x:onan pasmoxwiuil cHee, wdmu Ooi20 mareeno... [Hlonoxo3
1975; 32); 2. Xoaocmou ewe xodua x Hpune ua ceudanva, u mo ono
max we cmyvaxo! (Tam >xe: 83]; 3. yaa, oce npown, npunoduan
zoaoey, a ux wecm» asmomamuuxos ~ 6om onU— wazaiom xempax
@ cmax om nena [Tan >«e: 20}; 4. eCmynail @ caott xox, a smo mebe
34 caezocms», — u nodaem sxe co cmona HeCoabuyno yxanncy x2e-
6a u rycox cana [Tam x0: 31-32]; 5. Tonail, x02, pa6ovaa cxomuna,
mpydumsen na nau peitx (Tam ae: 20]; 6. Bpocu.n # xonamy u muxo
Flonnconoe ontowenne Kax ooveritueckoe oTHOMeHIe 687
nowea sa Kycm...A nomox — Gezon, Depry npamo na 6ocxod co.H:
ya... [Tau se: 26]; 7. Tym caoux we ycneeaculs xoponume, a mym cayx
no nazepio udem, 6ydmo wemypt ynce Cmasunepad saaxu u mpym daar
we, wa Cubupe [Tam axe: 28}; 8.Onu ycmao Gpenu no nanpasaent
nepenpaee, Ho nopasnssuucr ¢ mauunotl, nosepuyatu Ko ane [TaN Ke:
9]; 9. Exar 2 sicempo, no 3a copodex cOasus 2a3, nomom ocmanoaus
mauluny, abines, o2nadexcs: Oaxexo caadu Ase epysoevix manymen
[Tam axe: 34]. B cuurarmaraueckou cunoHUMHTeCKOM OTHOUICHHH
peamtayioros naa HH Gosee cuucHumos (A + B «> X), 1 nosTomy
ont octeruueck onextusaioTes no noasaoik canon Tuna: Hl evinocu
(A) ero xa nop, Bermackusait (B) ero xa xsop. Boimpaxueatt (C) ero
‘ua xaop! Bouwesipaii (D) ero wa pop! (I. CaGrup. +Sayxue).
14, Omonumuueckoe orHomenne mpercrasiaer coboit exenyIomUsit
‘Tum ocrerstsanunt:
Yotok
a
€
Y,Z,X — xenorarsi, A — samxonne enum (aursemss)
Ee ofuexrom smnsieres onto cx0R0, HMeIOMIee HeCKOMEKO FeTepO-
TeHHBIX sulaenuii, 7, ©, TeneruveckH HecpAGaMEIx (3 HeKOTOpBIX
cayuaax pew une o paamruunx vactax pewn). CosttarenusiM coor
eceHueMt ByX 1011 Gomlee COB OnHOTO H TOTO aByWANUst, HO pasnAy-
oro suavenvia coagacres oco6sii} ofybexr. Ha oMouuMuuecKom O7-
Momeuun uuorma Sasupyercs puma. Cp.: Oduaxcdor weduur, mas
nya, Cxasa acene, mockys: Baden ae Jeman macy x H paseowo
moery 2 (JI. Muuiaen). Omoxumavecoe napazurmaruuecioe orHomie~
lune Monke Honcenwenuoft pews (wamle Beero) cosmasarl rereporbe-
Mao, ambGosmi0 (qByeMBIeMeHHOCTS) — OMIOKY, BuISBAHHYIO op-
Mamuoit UxeHTHIKOCTSIO H ceMaxTHWecKmM HecosnarenteNt. ORHHM
Hg Kaccirueckux mpuMepon sipaserest Mamb xiodum dows (cep6oxops.
Dijete je udarilo tele). Hexoropse (wanpumep, A.H.Tsoares w A. A. Pe-
opmarcxstl) yKaasiRalOT Ha TO, 470 OMOMUIMEK ABAOTEH +GoxbU-
Mul CTORAMHs, s@HOMAHAMH>, sonaGoCTEI0 WAM HonOpYeHHOCTEIO
RobIKA» 1 YTO MPH HX HOSIBACHNM MpOHICKOAUT HeMpHATHOE WepaatH-
‘wettue Toro, uT0 HeoBxomMMo pasmuvaTS. [pyrie cuuTaIOT, WTO TAKA
nosHnuA xxaetes ommBomHol 1 ¥TO ona Moraa Gxt GIT npaBHb-
oli, ecaut 6st BN mpencrapis coOoHt maTeMaTHYeCKYIo CHCTEMY, B
KoTopoik ogHo sByuauite uMeNO Gur OANO aHANEHHe, a onH0 1080 06
nagao onumu sHavenuem: «Ho sabik ckamBiBaeToH Have, OH UMeOT
solo cneNuIDrKy: B AaHIKe COBC-—aHAK HMeeT OMpeesIEHHO aHAue- 688 B.Towoaue
Flouonoe ornonten ie Kak seTeritueckoe omouiene 689.
ue Tomko » xouTexoTe, Cp.: 8 Maremamince 8 ncerna o6oauaaer spit —
8, 18, 28, 80, 300, 403, $000 u r.. B sake ae cmono-sHaK, Hamp
Mep X.110%, MpHOSperaer ompereneuuce auaveHIe TONbKO B KOHTeXCTe:
4 omxpoisaro deeps Oes xmoua — Ymoaums xaxcdy e0doit us nav0-
wa. Tlooromy aa51K OOuI4No He uemsTErBaeT OCOBHIX KeyHOGeTE OF cy-
mecTnopaHA oMoHMNOS, uG0 KOUTEKCT ¢ OHO OUpeReeHHOCTEIO
HapowuT caymarens Hmm “irTaTeTs Ha UpaBwtsHoe nouNManHe. Kou-
TeKer, cHTyaNHA pew OGKIHHO BllOmHe «,oGeaBpexktmalon ux, yor-
PAHAWOT BOSMOKHYIO ABYCMBICNeHHOCTS» [Muxaiinos 1968: 266~
267). Omounnesr yorpansiores Tax, ne cosmasor AayeMbIeneHHOCTD, a
Ta, Fe He MeMIAIOT, OHM ABAAOTER MpHPOAHENM H aaKOKOMEpHLIM
snaenten. ¢J[ex0 B TOM, Wro OMOHUMEL HRONKa BELCTYTAIOT Kax CnOO-
OGpasuste MORBOAUBIE KAMHK, KOTOpSIe MOTYT He MprBIews auHMa-
HM ronopamiero wn numymero #, GyAYWH He saMeveHusniaH anTo-
POM, BHIOMIDATH Te HI HEISE GaTPYANCHIA B OKUMANUH cRABAHOTO
HIM HamuicaHHOrO. B10 Guinaer B Tex cMYYASX, KOTRA MEIC ABTOPA
He Tlowyuaer AoBoMLHO TOUNOe BMPAMeHHe, UpHYeM HcnOMayIOre
aeKcMueckHe H rpanMarHueckie Cpes(cTBa B HOsIHOM COOTBETCTEUK ©
xopmann asprka, Ho KONCTPYEIMS D CTILMICTHIeCKOM OTHOMIeNI
ace 2Ke cunTaeTeH ee THO, 160 OKASKIRAeTCH ByCIEMCneNHO!,
Buparkaomeli ca0ms m PAnOM TeKeHTIeCKMH i Mophomoro-crHTaK-
cuveckutl omommnenoM i BbicTynIAeT KAx eTHUCTIeCKI Reber pe-
vane (Tantoxe: 265].
15, Aurounnaeckoe oruomenue uweer crenyiomyio sereruue-
exyto empyxtypy:
4
°
o
€
Y,X —zeworanss, A, B— sanuconute exuines (nearness)
N
>
o
Tannoe oruomenue umeer cyry6o 6uuapHEtit xapaxtep — n em sere
Tuanpyeres ont ofnenn no oruontexus x apyromy (A +B). B ma
PAUIMATHYeCKOe AHTOHUMUYECKOe OTHOMIeHHe ReTyMAeT aeTeTHTYe-
ckas ueumocTs wepeanusosanuoro Am Hepeastusonaxnoro B (cka-
2KeM, eH1080 Yepuoe NO OTHOULEHIO K COBY Geave). CuuTarMaTHye-
ckoe auTounMuYecKoe orHomIenme HrpacT BaxcHy!o Pom B coamariTH
veTermueckux HeHHocTeli. B HeiirpamsHoik aHTouuMaM, B KOTOpOH
mpormmonocrasasiores A 1 B 6e9 coanasits oco6oit xxempeccuRHocTH,
peub uxeT 06 o6sI4HOI HOMMHANUU. DKCNpeCCHBHAR AHTOHHMES He-
Hombayetes B nemax coananus ocoGoro adbexra B (bopMe KOHTPacra,
aNTuTessI, OKcIOMopoHA 7. 1.
16. Hurepecnsimn simamores enysan cosnania o¢TeTItyecKOro:
oruomenna x canomy ceGe. Xopomuit npumep — IIbep Beayxon. Ost
oGpamaeren x Harame Poctonoit: «Ecau 6v1 a vin ne #, a xpacusett
uit u aywuruti ve206ex 6 Mupe, U 6.2 6 ca0600eH, A Boi CUNO wUHY
my Ha KoaeKax npocun PyXu U aneUu sawelrr [Tomcrot 2000).
Crpyxrypy screruueckoro aBroorHomenHa MoxHO MpenCTABHT Kak:
a aztoorHomexse Besyxona:
si++He
Soremtueekoe amroorstoutenie — Ter
Beayxos
17, Cymecrsyior versipe Tima cyexra ocreTHuecKoro orHoMe~
nua (ersipe homo estheticusa): ocrerop, screrucr, sever ocreTHK.
Beretop aBrseTcH cyOseKTOM, KOTOPEI HCXONHT Wa cROerO MHLAHBH-
AyabHOTO dereTHYECKOrO KOA H MopoxmaeT 9eTeTOPCKOE OT-
Homenwe (a). Ox pagMblitinsiem cxexyiomute oBpasom: 4 coomno
wy A, B... Xu 6 coomeememauu c csoux sememureckum Kodom cos
dav scmemuveckoe omnowenue exOy Huxu. Ocrerop, HanpAMep,
ronopitt: Kax « xopowo coedunua xpacnoe u %eamoe! DererHer 8°
AneTox cyGneKTOM, KoTOpEIlt BOCUPMHHMAeT OObeKT HexONS He u:
coGerBenHoTo, a oGmero (KoaeKTHBHOTO) acTeTHNeCKOTO KONA Ht COI:
faer seretucreKoe oTHomenme (6). Ero tunwunste paswmmi-
wenus: Ha ocHose Koanexmusnozo acmemuvecrozo Koda 2 coomHO-
wy A, B.. Xu naxoxy mexcdy nusu scememureckoe omuowenue. Ta
‘IUHEIM YTBEDIKREHMEM OCTETHCTa ABIAeTCA: JT COztaceH C Mex, NO
Kpacnoe u vepHoe udym a.mecme. Serer — Tor, KoTopsitk eTpemuTes K
vereruueckomy conepmenerny, Koropstil oGxaqaeT paawnsiM OoTeTH-
‘MeckHM “yBCTBOM H BKYcom. Dereruaarop — Kaxkpbrit cyOBeKT, DcTe-
‘TaeckH socmpHHmMaromusit OpeKT H cosmMOMMi 9eTeTHSATOp-
exoe orxomenne (a). 910 momer GxiTh acTeTop H scTeruer. eTe-
‘THK He Mopoxqaer sereTHeckKoe OrHomeHHe, a paccmarpuBaeT ob
ek? B AcHeKTe SeTeTHKH H aHAXUTIECKIM NYTEM HAXORUT 9CTETH-
ueckoe oromenne (r). Ou pasmomaser: Mexdy A, B.. X cy
wecmeyem sememuvectoe omuowenue, Komopoe MOXKO UcmoKoBam
cxedyiouun o6pasox... Ero nosis Moxer umeTs dopmy: Kpacnoe u
Gexoe cosdaiom zapaonwio. B Kaveerse wamocTpanin AaHHBIX THTIOD.
23 — 10063 690 B.Towoeus
MoxKHo masts mo6y10 rpynMy mogeit, cxarem, ompenenenBtit Komtex-
‘rum, Bee ero wnenbr smisorest 9creTopaMi, TAK KAK B BARICHMOCTH OT
cBoero iE AHBAVAMSHOTO KORA OHH BEIOHPAIOT COOTBETCTBYIOUNYI0 OneA-
zy, OOyBb, ykpamenna 7. 1. HexoTopste io KIX HHOTAa upuAMMa0T
comer is Gamakoro OxpYDKEHIAH (oUTEPA/OTURL, ALHBI/MY>R, CeOTpA/
Gpara... H, B coorsercrami ¢ ux (a we ¢ coGcrBeHHBIN) KOx0M, Onenaiores
x crauioumren screrucranau. B Toft rpynme pexxo sorpewaercm 70T, x70
mpoeccowasuo sauumaercs sererHicol, T-e. sererux. TaxnM O6pa-
0M, nee smasioTest 9ereTOpaNH, LeKOTOpEIe 9CTETHCTAMH, NePOSTHO, I~
TO SeTeTHKOM, HO 34TO Bce OHM 9cTeTHSATOPBI.
18. Buixenenue necxompKux THNOB acTeTHuECKOrO cyBEEKTA — e-
TeTHOATOPOD ABAACTCA RAPKHEIM IK TONKORAHHA KIBIKOBOTO OTHORIE-
HHA KOK OCTETHTYeCKOTO, NOTOMY TO cyMecTBYIOT suMUTBHCTHHeCKHe
derers, sereropht, acrerHerst m sereriaaropEt. ONIH Ha Hix — seTeTO-
JMHTSHCT: TOT, KOTOPSIlI PACCMATPUBAET SISIKOBKIE EMMHIIS KaK 9¢-
remiueckue. Tax, acrerocemanTuKit ofnstcHsoT ceMaxTuKy x03,
DBIPAXAIOUIX 9eTeTHNECKHe OTHOMIeNHA, HOHSTHS 1 KaTerOpi. HX
sererisaTopeKoe orHomenme sneer (popMy.ry:
Lohok
ASBOX L
€
1 —enns (saturnoves), A, B..X-— genorerss, € — scremtaarop, I.— sore:
19. Toannsta ocreropa u acretiicTa rpaer naxkeHyl0 pom w eran
cTmke, pevenoii KyIbType 1 CraH/apronorH” (HOpMaTHBHcTHKe). B H0-
crequeit McnomBsyloTes scTeTHYecKMe KPHTePMM JI BEIPAGOTKH pe-
oMeHAanbHit B ope op*orpadirieckH#x, ophoonuTecsx, exHve-
xx, rpanMarHueckinx 1 Ap. Mpanicr, IIpit TaKoM TORXORe rocroR-
ermyiomyro pom gomxen mers Tor, xr0 HexomT ms oGmero, Kom
WeKTHBHOTO VcTeTHYeCKOTO Koma, T.e. scTeTHcT. Ho, K comaTeHHIO,
‘WaCTO PABHEIM Cy{beil ABNETCA He ICTETHCT, A SCTETOP.
20. Onenxa acrerHueckoro OObeKTA AMHTBOSCTETH3ATOPOM OOBTYHO
cBoguTes K MpoRosrnamnienHo OHO ONeHKH cyObeKTHBHO!, a ApyToli
oGuexrnsnoi, Cp.: «Ilonarne 6xarosayuna cnasao TaK%Ke ¢
seTeTHYecKO ONCHKOH sByKOB pen. Eme B am0xy aHTHY-
HOH APeBHOCTH CHHTAIM HENPHATHEIM, HeOMArO3BYNHEIM 3By-
KOM ,cHrMy“, MOBTOpeHHe TOTO cormacHoro B pew He NOOMpA-
soc, NOSTOMY ApPeBHUE NOSTEI crapanuce He ynorpebanTE CHOB C
eurmoit, Duomtodansioe oTHoMIeHHe K aBYRAM pest csOficraeH
HOM PYCCKHM TO9TAaM, CTPEMHBIIMMCA K ,cmaqKOr TACHI",
‘STauxonoe ortowenne kaxe dereriteckoe orHomente 691
Kpacore sByWaHUA PEM. "ro aa b1? Uro aa wa, Wet, URI, WAL,
npu, mpoi? 0, apsapst! — pocxannast K, H, BarionKos. B xosy10,
coserckyio onoxy B.B.Maskonckmi, namporus, auotynaa
MpoTHD ,TwaRKOcoMMEMTENKCTRA, oaMGEMAT pesKHe, TpyGure
aByRM: ,EeTm eme xopoumme Oyxmpt: vp, uid, wells ~
coneronat MONOAMM MucaTeraMm MaGeraTs MmMAMHe By-
KOCOWRTAHKS eu, cw, Buy, Wa, Wel, He AONYCKATS MOB TOPE-
HUA CBUCTAMMX M IMMMAMHX SBYKOB, CCTM OHM He 9BYKO-
nonpaxarebHit... ONHAKO MpOReAeHEBIe n HoCsIEMHHe TOMEI HCCTETO-
Bans Y6exKqalT B TOM, UTO OMONMONAMBHAK OKPACKA SBYKOB BOC:
RpHuMMacTes OAMHAKORO TOROPHINKMT HaomOM s3ErKe. Han
K@KyIon He6xarOsBy4HSIM, HALPUMED, MPHYACTHS mawa-
Uyuiiea, expexeuyiuuil, nopwyauuiica, muawuiica, nanvauull, dopa
npenocxomuoit crenemH mpHAaraTex»uoro woWNelWU HT. T,
Msi crapaemes He ynorpe6nars Tax ne (opal, KaK mowatueutt (OT
mowuit), muyedyunetuui nt.n. Hanporun, .MyasiKanbE He"
aByKM—raacHHle, COHOpHBIe, IBOMKHE Cormac ste (KoTOpSIE
BOTHOMeHHH x ,CesnONOCEIM", T.e. IYMELIM THYXIENM, cocTas~
amor T4,5% ) — mpunaior pewn wamesuocTs, KpacoTy sy ¥a-
ua. Conopanie cormacuse 8 pyeCKOM saBIKe YacTO HaNH-
HaloT CHOBO MH OKagKIBAOTeH Nepex YRAPHAIM TACHRM
(po2a, pano, nope, musmit, nodia, 2e6e0b, need, HosbIt, HUGG H HOR.),
onpexensst apytanne peuno [Tony6 1986: 268-69).
‘Flouixonoe OTHOMeHHe KAK 9CTeTITeCKOe HayuAIOT, KaK MpABHLO,
MMIrRMeTHTYecKHe 9CTeTIEGATOPAI B PAMKAX HcceTOBAHH KOHKPETHENK
evomenon. Tax, auamusupyeres scrernka aautka [Muka¥ovsky 1940],
dereTHka ssHKOBOTO BEIpaXeHus [Miko 1966], ocreTuKa ssnIKa 1 peu
[Huxonaena 1979], actermueckoe cnoeoSpasue vacrelt peun [Bessy6on
1975}, peanuaanua screrimueckux nosMoxoctelt upistararembarsrx [J]o-
remiurx 1980], ocrerueckan bynxmuts cxopa [Jlonertknx 1982], ocret-
ockas (pyMKiuEs nooTHTIecKOli pews [JTeGemena 1973], mpumeHexne oc-
‘rermueckUx KpuTeprten x dbyHKnOMaTbEEIN crHsLAM [PasHHKHHA 1985],
aerermueckoe aHaveHMe TMATOmBHBIX exonocoveranuit [CeapHuescKar
1990], sereruveckas: (bysituss symbrapoMos [)Kusorith 1982] 7. 1.
21.Cymecrayer mare TumoB cy6seKTos acTeTMuecKoto oTHOMIe-
Hus: ¢yHMTapHCTSI, , eTPHKOLOPHBKM, «mlapanno-
Tucrsty, «Bozonaany mM eMHonTaneraues 4, «YuurapHersty CBORRT
M. Topatsaih
48 umpoxox naywHom mane momo suigemierh 4 pyre THNBL NeCaeRORETE-
nel, Cceanen: «Tlpitiiano Aenitrh YueuLIX Ha pOMANETHKON H KeaccHTROD. TlepBnie —
reepetops jell, sAoxuoneuuMe TBOpUL K *bawTasepHl. Bropsre — coGupaTexM
obofiuuanenn dpaxroR, coomnTeNH oGerosreBX TpyRoR. Baagnuup Vsawosus Bep- 692 B.Towoeus
ee acTeTHuecKoe K ORHOMY (KAK MpaBHLIO, K Mpexpacxomy). Screrop
ABIRETCH . «Tpa-
ONOPHUKH» SaMBIKalOTCH B TPeYTONBHMK: SeTeTHUECKILit OOweKT —
cobersennuiit screrHTecKoit KOR — uy2kolt ocrermueckut KOR. [as
‘ YaeHMe-POMaNTHKH po:
‘Asamior coon raxanrLt B mosomue roxs. Hanpiep, “peamepxe Mpocsaneustsi
‘Quon A. Difnurreli x0 rpuauaruaerero noapacra coanax GoTorHyIo Teopitio cae:
‘ra, Teopavo GpoyHozexoro ABIEKETDIN, eRekHeststyl0 Teopito oTH2eHTeALNOCTH (Wa
‘ociose npeospasosauus K. JJopenus). B nocseayiouse 45 ster y nero we 6120
‘ckomsxo-ANGyAD IuauWTemMLuLEX OTPHIINR, He TOROPR YXE 0 TOM, "70 OK BLA OCHO
saTeTeM MORBIX ANCHMNUN WIM KOMNTeKeHEIX yueuM. <..>'B MOnOAKIC TORR
‘Benbunxat osapenutt KenBITRInalon MIIOTHe MMtexItTeRH, B70 oTHOGHTER He TOMB I
ovtant, Mo TascKe x MeTeMaTiHaM, Gusiiean. B ectectwoanautit rai we Gutmaer.
Ono tpebyer, noMHMo Beer npovero, oSmmKpHOM apyARHNK 1 enOCOsHOeNH K Ente:
ay camtrx pasnoobpaaniix nite (paicron. Bor noweMy rewnassiioe yueKne 0 Guo:
ebepe oopuntocs B coanannn BepHasekora, Korte ra0pHy GikAe yake oKOTO tee:
mujeosni rere (P. Banauzan 2 apeqneaoauie x [Bepnatensf 2002).
TM, Horxontena seer kaaccwpixano yaeusx Ha oeHOpaHIK BY KPHTEpHeR:
L)meuortayexoro wevona (HaywHOrO narsmAn), 2)otuexra uccnexoaKNA (Hce06uy
HocTH auaIBUpyeNEIX axTOR), HO B OGOHKX eHYYARX B oNHOAHRIE +eTapoe-MoRONe
[Huxonaena 1990}, Tlepsssi ru ona nasutsaer eerapoe o erapom, Taxite yueuise ne
peqator joctHoKena ApyPux B Kuurax oSsopHoro xapaxreps. +Yubile TaKOTO THE
YYoaoKasnsh Gea BOCXHLeHIM H OGWLALNOTO HX LHETEpO%
4s, Wx OxeTHO NpHT=AMIBIOR
Gurrb wnewanin y4exssx coneron, onnowentan, peyeusesrrart 1 nop. (Tane 20: 188),
pyrott run useer oGoauavente sorapoe 0 HoHOMs. Sit HecxeRoRATERH OBE we
Tankoylor nponepenisie MeroRd Ha ‘7O-HByAb eoveeNs KoDoe. Y HK BeOrAM BeAMKE
peamecrsentiic, ons otaiumoren Somuol apyqumuel H cocTannsi0n GoNbWlyIo
eer axagenuveckioit Hays. TpevHsl THI TORY uaaBaute +X0R0e o erapont®. C1o-
Aa oTHocHTeA HeGossuoe “LENO YWeNTIX, TPHHANAIOWIEX Ha cebx aay, Heaxe!
yl peayssTaTaM, SAMY HocMoTpere APYTHMM FxaaANH HA WTO-HHGYA OEM 28
[eo u xopouio onuicenoe, na dhaxrit, KoTOPKe BLiFARART xpecTONATHIIRO HOBECTH
a, B raxont nogxoze osuana sanaeves neiterBuTeILHO WORN, HeaTONY OF
‘erynser axe npoptta, upospenite. Yexonuo 9TOF THI MoHKiO Haauate MoAprORCAHN,
Merseprat Tum noaysea uous exonoe o Hosoxs. Clone ornocatest re, KoTOpKe RABI
ralor Hosiie HEH, Ha Gaae Hovoro iit HeoSLiixore seerepmaa, Hx aero ie WoT
Jof, me yanxaror, sorta npoero He exyiuator. His oro rpytnss sixoRmT raaiuaTa
‘MOBNIX Hanpasxeuntit © Onecranune Mayen OyayaN AK, uaoSopor, HeNpHaRAH
ie H aNGHIHOtIMe «uoRATOpIS-HeyaNTNAKH.
‘Flauconoe orwouresue Kax aererHtockoe OTHOIUOHHE 693
cxpyserypat. Out (nog06u0 H, Xomexomy) aGeraior BxomHTS B cveTseHe-
cxie OTHOMeHUA, XOTH HB MX cymecTAY!OT TaKHe eTpYKTYps. +Hix0~
axeratie» cMOTpAT Ha abIK KAX Ha orpoMuiti 4 GecKOHeMHBIH KOCMOC
ommomennit, [ns Hux octeTiTieckne OTHOMLeHHs AB.tsuOTCR BoeTeHHOIt,
22, Cymeerayion paammunsie deTeTHVecKHe OpHeNTAIUAM, B NepBYIO
ovepemb Te, KOTOpBIe HANpaABeHEI Ha COORAIHe KOHCTPYKIU, MPOBEHe-
ile peKOHCTPYKIUM, AeCTPYKIUN WK MPOCKPHTIIHT % McTIOREGOBAHHE
neckpunnint. [lepnast erperatres: coana Honylo Teopitio (nampasrexe,
[BOTvisiA), BTOPAH UPOBOANT MORHHHKATIUIO CyIMeCTBYIONAK CxeM, TPeTEA
pegctasaaer coil oxprmarie pesy:msTaron H/ WK BEUISIDKCHHE HORE,
YeTBepTam CTPeMITCH MpeaTMcaT onpeneNeHEYIO MORE Kax OGnsa~
‘enuuyio, a nara npecreryer Hes onmcaTs cymecTByIoMee COCTOREC.
‘B TouKoBaxnit saDixoDOrO OTHOILENHS Kak ScTETHeCKOTO KOUCTPYKUHA
H pexoneTpYKrtust Mexee BoeTO MpeNCTaBTEHBI, AECTPYEIMES DenEO BCTpe-
‘uaerea (ckaskens, yB.Kpove), mpock punniA siseTes THETHO! AIA TeX,
TO sabikopoe OTHONIeNHe PaccMaxpUBAeT Mpe2xuTe BoeTO B PAMKAX peve~
voit cTpyXtypbt 1 Kar HOpMATHEUH GeHOMeH, a NeCKPHMIgES aBIAeTeR
camoik pactpoerpaxexuott.
23.B ocmneneHum pearstoro Mupa HenOmsyIOTes pasTHTUHETe
Mponeayphi: KATerOpHIAMA, KOUMeHTYANHIANMs, yHKIMOHATHSA-
UNA, HXeHTHMpHKANUS, MOAUCeMAHTHSANHS, KBAHTHDUKAnUS, KOH
ueUTpaNust, pumamsauuis HT. 1. B kaTeropHOANHH sSBIKOBBIC eH
-MIUBI enORATEH K osLeMeHTTApHEIN OHTOOTHMECKTM (‘pILIOCOIPCKO-HO~
ruueckun) Kaveropusn. B KounenTyasuaamiM ocymectaaseTcs 10-
McK KOHLeHITOR IpHMHTHBOD. DYHKNMORATHIANNE HaMpanrexa Ka
onpereenuie o6meit yuKIuOHANbUOH HarpYOKIL KOMKOBHIX e7HHHHT%
A BBIZeneHHe rH0OANBBIX byHKNM, BufeHTaduxansn ABSIKOBKIE
‘enMUMNBT NOceTORATENBHO CRORATEH K Gomee YOKOMY KPYTY WAeHTH-
daxaropa — enna c camsnen oSmunM mpusnaxans. Toxuceax-
mulganuda npeomenyer Hens Coslats KOHYCHYIO CTPYETYDY MHOTOstay-
noctu. Knautubukanas wampanmena wa WOHCK caMBIX YaCTOTHEX
equnun, B KOuMeNTYaNNZaLNH MponontTes crymeHwe B ceMaHTHHe-
cxue cnmant. Puuanusanua erpemures waiira nocnenm1ow, KOHeT-
HYDO exUEIY, enIUNY, ¢ KOTOpo! HCe HaYHMAETes H saKAHUMBAeTCR.
Bee orm mpomexypor Ho-pasoMy MpeJCTABACHM B ACTETHE ABEIKOBELX
ormomenuit. Bomsumucrso 19 Hux crpemurca Haiirn RoMMKaRTY, c06-
ctmeHHo acteTHMeckyio Hm YacTHuHo screTHuecKyI0. CymecTByIoT
peansuste (okTonOruNecKHe, NeHOTATHBHEIe), KONMeMTYaNDHBIe (110-
usruitunie, THOCeonOrHMecKMe, CHTHMGUKATHDHBIe) x (opMasbuBIe
(eupasnrexsunie, HoMuaTuBEDIC), CooTRETETBONHO BUIReRAOTeS pe-
ANBHO-OCTETHTVECKUe, KOMTIOHTYANBKO-SCTETHMECKHE 1 (POPMAMBHO-BCTE-
raeckHe OMMHAXTEI. 694 B.Towooux
24, TIpunepom screruueckott dunannoanm (sirenonna gue
HANbHOTO, OKOHaTeMHOTO, HocHeRHerO oneMeHTa) ABAAETCH Mpo-
posraaiente cone roxa, RecaTHeTHs, cTomeTis (noxomrTENLUOTO,
XopoUlero cs0Ba) HK CaxorO LOxOrO copa (axTHCOBA) ToRA, Rec:
mueTHa, cromersa. B ocuone Taki mpomenypst HaxoanTes screrit-
‘Sal, KOTOPYIO ComponoxnaIOT APYTHe AKCHOTOTHMECKMe HOXOHL
(coumouoruuecue, neuxonorm4eckse, nomrmseckme, yTIMETAprELe
ur. n,). [ppenene tp nprrmepa.
(a) Amepuxaycxoe quarextoxormueckoe o6mectso perystapxo
Peruerpupyer nombre CnoRA H BMIPAKeHMA, BXOISHIUE B CLOBAP» ante
PHKAHCKOTO aKTaMiicKOTO AOBIKa, a MOTOM OObsBALKET *COBO TOAD,
‘sc7080 BeKa» 17. 1. CHOBOM MpoulemMerO AecsTTHUIETHS eras 6€6 (web),
exonom XX B. — dacas (jazz), a cxonom ratesvenern — ona (she).
BuGop ona (she) oOwscuserca Tem, Yr B I THC. H.9. oTo!t xeKcenBt
nooSme He cymecrBonano (HEHEHE HasEIBANH heo, Kak CHHOHUM K
‘oun’ they (wx. ¥nten0 1m neex ponos). Cxonom 2001 r. mpwoHaxa
xonGunarura mp 9-11, o6osuavaomas naty TeppopucTHuecKoit
araxi xa Hn10-Vopx a Baumurrox.
(©) O6mecrso Henenkoro sasika (Gesellschaft fiir deutsche Sprache)
Kaxcabiik rox mpouonur orGop cs1on 1 CxoBOCoveTamHit, KOTOpEIe HMe-
Jun HeoServatiuettt pesonaHe B OmectBe Hm ware Acero ynoTpeOzA-
Jie 8 ompeRerenuom meprone (seTeTHecKoe OTHOMIEHMe It 3eCb Ha~
sumo). Oxo cocrasuino crmmcox cop XX 8.i Autobahn (asronopora), Beat
(raxr, ynap), Dritte Welt (rpermit wp), Drogen (aapxormx), Kiserner
Vorhang (xxentesusiti saxianec), Emanzipation (oxantcunanun), Energie-
rise (ouepreruueckuit xpusuc), Faschismus (dana), Fernsehen (rese-
‘Buaop), FlieBband (xouneiiep), Freizeit (coo6omuoe ppewts), Fundamenta
lismus (Qyanamerrranuam), Gen (rex), Globalisierung (raoGannaanis),
Holocaust (macconoe yumaroxeune), Kommunikation (KoMMyHMKari),
Konzentrationslager (xonnmareps), Kreditharte (xpeauruas kaprouxa),
Kugelschreiber (mapuxosas pyska), Massenmedien (cpercrsa wacconoit
smdopmanui), Mondlandung (nocania xa JIysy, upuaynenne), Pille (mm
suOXs; mporusosavaTowHAs TaGnerKa), Planwirtschaft (nanopas 9KOHO-
Mixa, xoastlicrno), Oktoberrevolution (Oxrs6puckas penomonsis) m Pere-
strojka (nepectpoitxa) (qammsre c caitra www.duden.de). C 1977r.
suGupaeres cxon0 rona (das Word des Jahres). B CIA » 2001 r.
wim crasto 11 cenmabpa (der 11. September). C 1991 r. » Tepwanmn
onpexenseres aurues10x0 rona — camoe n1oxce eston0 (das Unwort
‘des Jahres). Taxon crann: » 2001 r. Gotteskrieger (‘Goxcuit noun’ —
Menanexst teppopmer), » 2000. national hefreite Zone (‘20H8, cRo-
Gonuas or muocrpannes’ — pailoHst M Mecra » BocTowHEIX repMax-
CKIX SeMTAX, KOTOPEIe TeppopHaMpoRaNH UpaBbIe 9KCTpeMMCTD!), 5
Flauaxonoe ornoulenue Kak sereruNeckoe OTHOWeN HE 695
1999 r. Kollateralschaden (‘xonarepansutstit ymep6” — uaronexoe 060-
Suaveue nMBHTbEDIX 2XKepTa noitBt B Kocon0), 3 1998 r. soztalver-
trdgliches Friihableben (orpaxmuerme pocta rouopapos spaveit), 8
1997 r. Wohlstandsmilll (nasnanus mun, Henpuronunx Ana paborst,
Gonbunix),» 1996 r. Rentnerschwemme (omGouxoe npencrasxesie
© commansuo-nommmeckom cocrosumi), 3 19057. Didtenanpassung
(ysennuenue cyrounnrx » Byxecrare), 8 19947. Peanuts (Gomsuxie or-
KpsiTbie cyeTa Auld pemecenmsx pa6or), 8 1993r. Uberfremdung
(sacsrmennocrs uuocrpaumamn), B 1992. ethnische Séuberung (rruu-
ueckaa unerKa), 3 1991 r. Ausldnderfret (‘Ges muocrpanues’ — sosyur
porus uuocrpanues) [Unwort 2001; Unwortdesjahres 2001]. Asrueno-
ox crouteria (das Unwort des Jahrhunderts) crasa excema Menschen:
material (senopeseckit xarepuast)[Korlén 2000}.
(a) B Poceux cocranzex cnucox «caMntx nony.tapitstx none (ays
me ckasam sautucnone) 1999 r., Kya BOTH saxucmca, Mosum®,
nuap Ujp., & TAKXKE TIOXHe «GAOKH CHIOBy THNA UNdopayuonnaR
colina, moveunnit: yap (Tlannona-CamsnancKas 1999], CxonoMt 1944 r,
crano noacaayiicma [Cnono rona 1944], a » Caepasoncxoit oGsacr
cnosont 2002 r. 6510 HaaBAH K6OpYM, TAK KAK C HIM OsITO MHOTO TIPO-
Ge » noauTuraecko#t axsaxxt [Crono 2002). B Bexopycenu oxouomu-
‘weckitit exonom 2001 r. asi6paxa xudepaausayus [C1080 2001].
25, Dopmambuble MORNE sAKIKOBKIX OTHOMTeNHH, B TOM WILOMe 11 9¢-
‘TeTITUCCKNX, MOoKHO CBECTH K NTH OCHOBHEIM QHTYpAM: TpeyTOMBUKY,
mapammory, epeny, KoHycy H cibepe. TpeyToxbHMK CocTaBasioT ocreTH-
‘ueckoe — ey6nexr — oGsexr. [apamior upencrasnaer co6oit coveranite
paainuruubix seTeTueckix HepcileK THs B oMHO Hew0e. TTpu TOMO Hepe-
a MopleaupyioTest Hexoropsle scTeTHuecKHe oTHoMertiA. B KOHYee BBI-
enneTes TouIbKO OHO DcTETHHECKOe ABIIEHHe, HANpUMep UPEXpActoe.
26. [lan xavaxbHoro atamHaa saMKOBOTO OTHOMEHUs KAK 9¢TeTH-
‘ueexoro mye BCerO MosxONAT cibepa. Da reoMerpuiecKam uryye AB-
suteTen UneATbHOH AK HopMamTsaNKH screTUNeCKUX OTHONIEHMIL,
‘ax Kak (a) oxBarbinaer nce OTHOMIeHHA Ges exto¥exnA, (6)mpex-
crapaster ux pasnonpapno. Tlousrue cipepst upuobperaer B nocaenuee
pew ocoboe sxavexue. Stomy crocoersonax B, H. Bepuaekitit, Ko-
Toperit Buienii yea TUNA chhep H Cosma yHeHHE o CuocHepe X Hoo
cepe. Ou nucan: «Banke Semnx muismaserca WomepxTOcTs wasted
uaulerst, ee Suocibepa, ee HapyxHas o6macTs, oTrpaxuMparomast €€
or Kocmitieckoit cpensre [BepHascxmit 2002: 82]. K noociepe on
TORXORMT B AHA HAy'HHOTO MMPOBOSUPCHEA KAK UsTaKeTHONO H8~
cleNMs H MONwepHeHRAeT, WTO TO RIMSHHEM HAyEHOH MBICE H YeTOBE-
ecKoro spyza 6uociepa nepexonMT B Honoe cocToRHHe — HoCeePy
[Wane sxe: 252]. Yeeune B.1i. Bepwagcxoro nomyunto OTKHK 3 dp¥s10~ 696 B.Towoeus
sori. Tax, 10.M. Jlonwaxs commas ® 1984 r, repre cenuocrpepa, oxna-
TutBalomjee ceMMOTHYeCKOe MPOCTPAHCTRO, eT CTPYKTYPHY!O HeOAKO-
pomHocrs u suyrperHee pasHooSpaaue. A. @. Jlocen rosopisa o cibepe
exapienos (Jloces 2000a; 2006]. [1.C.JTmxaven ppen noustrute KOH.
Yenmochepa: «Tepanu Konyenmochepa BRORNTC MOI HO THNY
Tepunuos B.H, Bepuacxoro: novcpepa, Suochepa u up. Tlousrue
KouLenNTOCHepsr OcOGEHHO BANHO Tem, WTO OHO HONOFAe? HOMLATE, HO:
NeMY moun mBAAeTCH He MpocTO cnOcOGON OGULeHHAL, KO HEKUM KOH
neuTpatom KYAbTYBI — KYJIBTYPHI MANKH Hee BoNTOMeHTA B pas
MBIX cmon Haceneuna smoTD AO OTAeMEHO! surHHOCTHe [Jhtxaven
1997: 287). [Lax romKosaqus sonKOBOTO OTHOMLeHIS Kax DeTeTITUe-
cxoro aauseres Baxunim noustHe axcuocpepa. Him oGosuavaerea Bes
oGxact» nenHocrxoro oTHomIenHs YeOReKa K Kupy [Cronos 1999;
105}.
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