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Dubrovnik 30.04.2009
LINE LIGHTNING PERFORMANCE
BACK FLASHOVERS
I0, tf I 0, t f
INDUCED
SHIELDING FAILURES
LINE BACK FLASHOVER RATE
Back
flashover
LINE SHIELDING FAILURES
I0, tf
Shielding failure
flashover
Shielding failure
HOW TO IMPROVE LINE LIGHTNING PERFORMANCE?
Guy Wires
Foot_resistance
improvement
LINE SURGE ARRESTER APPLICATION
123 kV Line Dubrovnik - Ston
2 LSA
per tower
1 LSA
per tower
ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENTS SIMULATION
MODEL OF THE LINE INSULATION FLASHOVER
(s2)
Flashover models:
U(t) (s1)
(U - t) Insulation characteristic Constant voltage
U2 Equal area
U1
Leader propagation
U0
t2 t1 t u (t )
u (t ) 0 , 0015
d
vl 170 d E0 e
d ll
U(t)
t 710
( U gap (t ) U 0 ) k
D U (400 ) d (kV) [IEEE]
U2 s t0
t 0, 75
k 1
U50% D 710
U0 U8 s U 50% (400 ) d 550 d
80, 75
U0 495 d
D 0,2045 d
k 1
D 0,2045 d
ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENTS SIMULATION
SOIL IONIZATION TOWER FOOTING RESISTANCE MODEL
I
Rlc
Ri U (kA) Linear Resistance
I
1
Ig
Non-Linear Resistance
Eg
Ig I (kA)
2 Rlc2
Ig
A = 100 x W (km2) W
Back
hav Flashover
Ra 14 hav0, 6
W 2 Ra b
A 100 W
N L NG A
W
QUICK BACK FLASHOVER RATE COMPUTATIONS
100 km
IC
A = 100 x W (km2) W
1 Ra 14 hav0, 6
PI C
I
Back 1 ( C ) 2,6 W 2 Ra b
hav Flashover 31
A 100 W
BFR 0,6 N L PI C
N L NG A
W - Line shadow width
b - Ground wire separation distance
W
NL - Number of strokes collected [str/100km/year]
NG – Ground flash density [str/km2/year]
BFR - Back flashover rate
0,6 > Takes into account strokes hitting shield wire
IEEE DISTRIBUTION
1 i0 (t) S (kA/ s)
CURRENT PEAK
PI
I
1 ( ) 2,6 I0
31
I0/2
1 t ( s)
STEEPNESS PS
S 4 tf tt
1 ( )
24
Equal Probability PS PI
I0
S
tf
Equivalent Front Time
123 kV TRANSMISSION LINE DUBROVNIK STON
L1 = 2,8 H
L2 = 1,37 H
Un= 123 kV
Length = 46 km L3 = 1,37 H
1 Span = 200 m
L = ZT/v
2 v - velocity of light hT = 28,9 m Propagation
3 element
lprop = 20 m
ZT = 184
LINE SURGE ARRESTER
0, 6
Ra 14 hav 14 28,90, 6 105 (m)
W 2 Ra b 2 105 0 210 (m)
A 100 W 100 0,210 21 (km2)
N L N G A 5 21 105 (strokes/100km/year)
Using EMTP_RV find IC (Critical current)
1
PI C
I
1 ( C ) 2,6
31
BFR 0,6 105 PI C
AUTOMATIC BACKFLASHOVER COMPUTATIONS
Flashover Tower 2
Phase conductor C
AUTOMATIC BACKFLASHOVER SIMULATIONS
Critical current
I0, tf
WS - SIMULATED WIDTH
STRIKING DISTANCES
DOWNWARD
LEADER 1. TO PHC & GW:
rT1 rS = A I B
rT2
[A=10, B=0,65]
span 2. TO TOWERS:
rTT = k rS
rE
[k= 1 – 1,1]
3. TO EARTH:
x0 WS
DOWNWARD
I0, tf
LEADER APPROACHES
UNDER ANGLE
2
f cos2
rPHC GW
rNO
NEARBY PHC
OBJECT
hl
dl
x0
WS/2 WS/2
FUTURE WORK > sigma slp like interface
EMTP_RV modeling and transients computation
Monte Carlo Statistical Study and 3D EGM