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ВЕСТНИК ОХОТОВЕДЕНИЯ
научно-практический и теоретический журнал
Главный редактор
Еськов Евгений Константинович
Редакционная коллегия:
Редакционный совет:
Ресурсоведение
О регулировании численности охотничьих животных
А.А. Данилкин 154
Восстановление численности кабарги (Moschus moschiferus L.) в России:
разведение в неволе или охрана популяций
В.И. Приходько 163
Многолетние циклы в динамике численности популяции белки обыкновенной
Sciurus vulgaris (L., 1758)
Л.Н. Ердаков, И.В. Моролдоев, В.М. Переясловец, В.М. Козулин 168
Ветеринария
Морфофункциональное состояние гемолимфатических узлов у диких
парнокопытных животных
К.С. Арбаев, О.К. Айдралиев, М.М. Амиракулов, Б.С. Ажыбеков 178
С расширенного заседания НТС Росохотрыболовсоюза
Организация запрограмированного и модифицируемого поведения волка
Е.К. Еськов 185
Управление популяциями волка
А.Н. Кудактин 194
Возможно ли управление популяциями волка на юге Дальнего Востока
В.Г. Юдин 203
О принципах регулирования численности волка
А.Я. Бондарев 207
Численность и систематический статус камчатского волка
А.С. Валенцев, П.П. Снегур 211
Регулирование численности волка в Вологодской области
Р.В. Трусов 219
Динамика численности и распространение волка (Сanis lupus) на территории
Рязанской области
Н.В. Кикеев 222
Волк (Canis lupus L.) в Московской области
В.М. Кирьякулов, И.А.Баранов 225
Рецензии
Рецензия на монографию В.Г. Юдина, Е.В. Юдиной «Рысь Дальнего Востока
России»
Г.И. Сухомиров 229
Юбилеи
Игорь Леонидович Туманов (к 80-летнему юбилею)
Н.П. Кораблёв, П.Н. Кораблёв 232
CONTENTS
Volume 16, № 3, 2019
О РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ
ОХОТНИЧЬИХ ЖИВОТНЫХ
© 2019 г. А.А. Данилкин
Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН
119071, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 33. E-mail: ldan@mail.ru
In connection with the decision to regulate the population of wild boar and reindeer
from vehicles, the consequences of introducing such departmental permits, the practice
and results of regulating the number of game animals in Russia were analyzed. It was
concluded that departmental permits always became a cover for hunting at an
inopportune time, in prohibited places and on species that were forbidden to prey.
There is no systematic regulation of the number of game animals. The balance in the
system predator : victim is significantly disturbed. Regulation of the number in its
current form does not help prevent the occurrence and spread of disease. The main link
in the chain of the spread of African swine fever is not a boar, but a person, and the
main problem preventing the extermination of the plague is disorder, inactivity and lack
of professionalism of officials. The decision on the use of vehicles to regulate the
number of ungulates is useless in the fight against epizootics, and will only become an
official cover for hunting a narrow circle of people. This decision must be canceled.
ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ
КАБАРГИ (MOSCHUS MOSCHIFERUS L.) В РОССИИ:
РАЗВЕДЕНИЕ В НЕВОЛЕ ИЛИ ОХРАНА ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ?
© В.И. Приходько
Институт проблем экологии и эволюции РАН,
Москва, 119071. E-mail: pvi-1949@mail.ru
Key words: cyclicity, population dynamics, squirrels, Eurasian red squirrel, population
rhythms.
ВЕСТНИК ОХОТОВЕДЕНИЯ, 2019, том 16, № 3, стр.178-183
ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ
МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ
ГЕМОЛИМФАТИЧЕСКИХ УЗЛОВ У ДИКИХ
ПАРНОКОПЫТНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ
© 2019 г. К.С. Арбаев1, О.К. Айдралиев1, М.М. Амиракулов1, Б.С. Ажыбеков1
1
Кыргызский национальный аграрный университет (КНАУ) им. К.И. Скрябина, Кыргызская
Республика, 720005, г. Бишкек, ул. О. Медерова, 68.
e-mail: kubansultanovich@gmail.com
Hemolymph nodes (Нls) are independent lymphoid organs found in different mammals.
They play a role in erythropoiesis, erythrophagocytosis and immunogenesis. The
structure of the hemolymph nodes was described in different species of domestic
animals, but in wild animals have not been described in any research. This article
presented data on hemolymphatic nodes of some species of wild artiodactyl animals,
inhabiting in high mountain pastures in Kyrgyzstan. With macroscopic and microscopic
methods of research described the places of the most frequent localization, macro- and
microstructure, cell composition and morphofunctional state of hemolymphatic nodes in
wild animals in individual and comparative aspects.
Key words: roe deer, siberian ibex, argali, wild boar, the hemolymph nodes, lymphoid
follicles, lymphocytes, erythrocytes.
ВЕСТНИК ОХОТОВЕДЕНИЯ, 2019, том 16, № 3, стр. 184-230
УДК 599.742.11
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗАПРОГРАМИРОВАННОГО
И МОДИФИЦИРУЕМОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ВОЛКА
© Е.К. Еськов
Российский государственный аграрный заочный университет, 143900, Балашиха,
ул. Ю. Фучика, 1; e-mail: ekeskov@yandex.ru
The individual, family and pack relations of the wolf are realized on the basis of the
use of a complex of programmed and modifiable behavior, which changes in
ontogenesis and is influenced by biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Wolf is
characterized by eurybionticity, expressed in the use of a wide range of trophic
substrates, adaptation to life in different climatic zones and bio-geocenoses. The
emergence of intraspecific groups are associated with the wide range and variety of
living conditions. This is achieved by expanding the range of hereditary variability and
increasing the evolutionary plasticity of the species. The main elimination factors that
limit the increase in wolf numbers include various forms of direct and indirect
anthropogenic influences. Therefore, natural selection favored the adaptation of the
wolf to man. This complicates the regulation of the number of wolves. Forests and
mountain areas remain wolf reserves during periods of sharp decline in its numbers.
© А.Н. Кудактин
Институт экологии горных территорий им. А.К. Темботова РАН,
36000, г. Нальчик, ул. И. Арманд 37.а, e- mail: Kudaktinkavkaz @ mail.ru.
Key words: wolf, number, family, female, structure, management, Krasnodar region,
Dagestan.
УДК 599.742.1:591.5(571.6)
О ПРИНЦИПАХ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ
ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ ВОЛКА
© А.Я. Бондарев
ФГБУ «Центрохотконтроль», г. Москва, ул. Вольная, 13; altcanis@mail.ru
Due to the weakening of human persecution, the number of wolves is growing and in
2018 exceeded 65 thousand individuals. It is recommended to reduce 5-6 times. It is
important to ensure the safety of the species diversity of the wolf. We need a
comprehensive program to study the ecology and systematic status of the wolf, and the
organization of rational regulation of the population, taking into account the proposed
principles and previous experience.
Средняя численность волка (Canis lupus L.) в Камчатском крае в 2008–2017 гг.
составляла около 600 особей, в том числе на полуострове около 300 зверей. В
нелесных местообитаниях плотность населения вида в среднем в два раза выше,
чем на лесопокрытых территориях. Плотность населения в районах домашнего
оленеводства и в местах обитания дикого северного оленя (Randifer tarandus L.) в
6 раз выше по сравнению с районами с отсутствием северных оленей. По
основному краниометрическому признаку и типу окраски волосяного покрова
камчатский волк относится к полярному подвиду (C. l. albus Kerr, 1792).
In 2008–2017 average abundance of wolf (Canis lupus L.) in Kamchatka kraiy was
estimated as 600 individuals including about 300 animals within the peninsula.
Population density within deforested habitats is two times the density within forested
areas. Population density within the areas of domestic reindeer raising and wild
reindeer (Randifer tarandus L.) habitats is six times comparing with area where
reindeers are lacked. On the basis of the main craniometrical characteristic and type
of pelage coloring Kamchatka wolf is classified as polar subspecies (C.l. albus Kerr,
1972).
The analysis of the dynamics of the number of wolves in the Vologda region, using data
on predator prey and winter routing counts. Established the main causes affecting the
increase in the number of wolves. Proposed measures to facilitate the organization of
the production of the wolf in order to regulate its numbers and minimize the damage
caused to hunting and agriculture.
The article presents the results of the dynamics of the wolf population in the Ryazan
region for 37 years, as well as the habitat of the beast in the area. The formation of
wolf population peaks is compared with the dynamics of the number of potential
predator victims, i.e. deer, elk and wild boar. By means of the correlation analysis
their interrelation is revealed. A comparison of the influence of abiotic factors (air
temperature and precipitation) on the dynamics of the wolf population through the
hydrothermal coefficient is carried out.
Key words: wolf, population dynamics, predator, prey, abiotic factors, hydrothermal
coefficient, correlation
УДК 599.742.11: 639.111.75
According to the results of surveys carried out in the Moscow region from 1981 to
2019, the number of wolves varied in the 80s from 40 (at the beginning of the decade)
to 100 individuals (at the end of this decade). This is due to their migration from
adjacent territories - mainly from the Kaluga, Tver, Smolensk and Ryazan regions. For
22 years, the largest number (about 70% of 868) of wolves were harvested in the
hunting grounds of the northwestern part of the region. From January 2001 to May
2019, 144 wolves were harvested, of which 81 individuals were represented by males,
60 females and the floor was not determined for 3 yearlings with an average age of 3.4
years. Trichinosis was found in two wolves, and no rabies was detected. The ways of
catching wolves differed: 88 individuals were taken with a salary, 26 were accidentally
met, 6 were driven by a paddock, 3 were taken from a backslash, 2.2 were killed by
motor transport, and one was caught in a trap.
УДК 599.742.7(571.6)
УДК 02(470)(092)