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of payment in this day and age. Most of us did not grasp how quickly that little piece of plastic
took its place in our lives. Credit cards online will continue to be used for the multiple
We realize all too well that online credit cards work as an expedient payment option to
pay for our many purchases. Imagine stashing money in all your pockets as against merely a
Additionally, at present going around with a large quantity of cash on you is not a wise choice
in terms of safety. The safety issue assumes even greater significance when you are visiting
someplace far. Money is easy to spot and pick-pockets and thieves are able to use nicked money
equally easily because these funds are not traceable. Online credit card dealings however, are
There has been a growth on electronic payment due to the shift in technology, growing
access to internet among the customers and convenient modes of delivery and payment. Plastic
money also known as Plastic cards acts as a vital tool for every day transaction of people today.
The various Plastic cards include ATM cards,Debit Card,ATM cum Debit Card,Credit
Cards, Smart Card, Charge Cards, Co-branded cards, add on cards and so on.
ATM Cards
Automated Teller machine (ATM) cards is capable of doing variety of functions.It can perform
* Providing Mini Statement of last five transactions.In some banks upto last
ten transactions
* Balance enquiry
Debit Card:
The bank issues debit card only if the person has an account in the bank.This card is useful to
make payment from Member Establishments (ME) who have arrangements with the card issuing
bank or agency.They check the balance and deduct the amount from the bank balance online.
When a debit card is issued to make the payment,the total amount charged is instantly reduced
All credit and debit cards are affiliated to two major issuers-VISA and Master Card.Master Card
and VISA are global non-profit organizations who promote the growth of the card business
throughout the world.They have built vast network of Member Establishments so that customers
can use the cards worldwide for their debit and credit purchases.
Debit Cum ATM Card:
This is most common nowadays.The same debit card can be used to draw cash from the ATM
and also make payment to the shops for purchases.This is two in one card.
Credit Cards:
This card enables the client to obtain goods or services from the various shops having
arrangement with the issuing agency even if there is no balance in his/her savings or current
account.The bank assumes that the loan will be repaid by the customers at later date.The credit
card holder has to make payment for the dues before the due date. Otherwise late payment fee is
levied in the next billing statement. Normally,a limit of the credit will be fixed by the bank for
the amount of purchases to be made by the customer based on the net worth of the customer.
Charge Cards:
A Charge card has all features of credit card.But, after using the charge card the entire payments
of the bills has to be made by the due date.If it is failed to be done,then the client is likely to be
considered as a defaulter and he has to pay a steep late payment charges. But in case of Credit
cards, the client is not declared as a defaulter if he misses to pay by due date..In such case,a late
fee is levied in the next billing statements of the credit card holder.
AMEX (American Express) and Diners Club card are well known branded charge cards.They
have their own merchant establishments and tie ups and does not depend on the network of
Master card or VISA. These care are typically meant for the high income group categories and
companies. These cards are not acceptable at many outlets. But wide variety of special privileges
are enjoyed by the AMEX card holders and Diners Club Cardholders.
Smart Cards:
A smart Card contains an electronic chip which is used to store Cash. This is most useful to pay
for small purchases for example in Fairs,coffee shops etc. No identification,signature or payment
authorization is required for using this card. The exact amount of purchase is deducted from
smart card during payment.Currently, this product is available in very developed countries like
US.
Affinity Card:
The card issuer has a tie up with popular organizations and institutions which are often non-
profit organizations like Stanchart Cricket Cards or City WWF card.When a card is used, a
Photo Card:
When a Photo is imprinted on the card,it helps to identify the user of the credit card and is
considered to be safer. In many cases,Photo card can also be used as identity card.
Global Card:
Global cards can be used as credit cards instead of cash and traveler cheques while traveling
Add On Cards:
It is a privilege offered to the spouse, parents, Children or other family members of the original
card holder. Normally, an issuing bank permits two add on cards per credit card. All expenses
Some Petroleum companies allow customers to pay for the fuel through electronic medium. It
offers a scheme of gifting the points to the customers, when they pay for the fuel using petro
card. It is convenient, secured and speedy mode of transaction. Co-branded credit cards like
IOC-Citi bank and HPCL-ICICI bank are the co-branded petro cards available in the market.
Today, the Indian mode of payment has shifted from currency to electronic mode. This is due to
the high money valued transactions and more risk involvement. The new electronic payment and
settlement act should follow the strict norms for banks and merchants to make secure payments
and prevent money laundering as the transactions through plastic money will be increasing and
Abstract
Recent decisions by the Spanish national competition authority (TDC) mandate
payment systems to include only two costs when setting their domestic multilateral
interchange fees (MIF): a fixed processing cost and a variable cost for the risk of
fraud. This artificial lowering of MIFs will not lower consumer prices, because of
uncompetitive retailing; but it will however lead to higher cardholders’ fees and,
likely, new prices for point of sale terminals, delaying the development of the
immature Spanish card market. Also, to the extent that increased cardholders’ fees
do not offset the fall in MIFs revenue, the task of issuing new cards will be
underpaid relatively to the task of acquiring new merchants, causing an imbalance
between the two sides of the networks. Moreover, the pricing scheme arising from
the decisions will cause unbundling and under provision of those services whose
costs are excluded. Indeed, the payment guarantee and the free funding period will
tend to be removed from the package of services currently provided, to be either
provided by third parties, by issuers for a separate fee, or not provided at all,
especially to smaller and medium-sized merchants. Transaction services will also
suffer the consequences that the TDC precludes pricing them in variable terms.
By Richard Willsher
The great thing about paying with plastic is that it's convenient and secure but which sort of card
to use?
Both debit and credit cards are issued by banks and building societies. Although they are the
issuers what it means is that they join one of the big card systems such as Visa or Mastercard.
Although both debit cards and credit cards can be used to pay for goods in shops there are some
important differences between the two.
The two debit cards used in this country are Switch and Visa Delta. They are accepted at
thousands of shops, garages, theatres, airlines, car hire companies, hotels and many other places.
That is why they are so convenient. You have to be 16 to have one issued to you. You present
your card at the till and the people you are paying either swipe it through a special telephone
terminal or issue you with a paper voucher. Once you have signed the money is them paid on
your behalf within a day or two.
Not only is a debit card a convenient way to pay but it makes sure you can't spend more than
you've got in your bank account. You remain in control. Credit cards however work in a very
similar way but while they give you more spending power they can be a lot more difficult to
keep under control.
When you buy things the process is the same. You sign the credit card receipt at the retail outlet
or fill out the on-screen form with the card details if you are making an Internet purchase. But
instead of debiting your bank account the money you've spent is noted by the credit card issuer
who have put a credit limit in place for you. You can spend up to this limit which could be as
little as a few hundred pounds or as much as many thousands. How much of a limit they grant
you depends on how much they think you are likely to be able to repay. They then send you a
statement once a month which shows how much you have spent. You then pay against this
statement by the due date given on the statement.
The answer then is to use a credit card if you are disciplined enough to pay off your monthly
bills and avoid wasting money on interest. Otherwise stick to a debit card where it is easier to
stay in control. That way the plastic will always be your convenient and flexible friend.
The case examines the reasons for the increasing popularity of debit cards in the Indian plastic
money market. It explores in detail the security of card transactions and the technologies being
adopted by companies to ensure the same. The case also discusses the basic steps involved in
plastic money transactions.
Redmen and Mory defines “Research as a systematized effort to gain new knowledge”.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The research is design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it
constitutes the blue print of the collection, measurement and analysis of the data. A research
design is the arrangement of the conditions for the collections and analysis of the data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. A
research design includes an outline of what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis
and its operational implication to the final analysis of data.
TYPES OF
RESEARCH
DESIGN
EXPLORAT EXPERIMEN
DESCRIPTIVE
ORY TAL
RESEARCH
RESEARCH RESEARCH
DESIGN
DESIGN DESIGN
• PRIMARY DATA
• SECONDARY DATA
Primary sources are those sources of information which are explored for the first time by the
researcher. It is the first hand information which has not been used in the past. It includes:
• Personal Investigation
• Observation Method
Secondary data includes the information which has been already used by the researcher. As the
name implies, it is the second hand information. It includes:
SAMPLING
It is not possible for any researcher to include each and every member of the universe in his
research process so he has to select small portions of the universe which is its true representative.
This group is known as sample.
The process of selecting the desired sample from the universe to solve the research problem is
called sampling.
• PROBABILITY SAMPLING
• NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
DATA PROCESSING
Once the data has been collected then comes the stage of data processing. Raw data is of no use
if it is not processed properly using any statistical tool. It includes calculations, tabulations and
coding & editing of data collected through different sources.
SAMPLE PLAN
Sampling Technique Probabilistic using convenient sampling
COLLECTION OF DATA
The study is based on primary and secondary data
ANALYSIS PATTERN
Bar-diagrams, Pie charts and Tables.
• The importance of the study and analysis of the training practices in India is emphasized
by the fact that the training system is going to decide the employee performance and job
satisfaction up to large extent.
• This training practice shows the impact of the employee’s performance on the
organization success in today’s competitive era.
• Therefore the present study aims at finding out the impact of training practices on the
employee performance, job satisfaction and on overall impact of training programmes on
company’s performance.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
There are certain limitations in the present study which are follows:
1. The study can’t cover whole of the region due to shortage of resources and human
limitation.
2. The information is collected through primary and secondary data. Hence, the
limitation of the reliability and shortcoming of secondary data may affect the
result.
4. The samples of Bank Customers are not representative of the total workforce.
5. The Bank Customers hesitate disclosing the true facts of plastic money in order to
secure their income.
6. There is no measure to check out whether the information provided by the Bank
Customers is correct or not
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITE
● www.onprepaidcard.com/24775/
● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money
● http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=80188
● http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Money_Matters/Credit_Cards/News/Pl
astic_money_use_gains_pace_in_India/articleshow/msid-1268620,curpg-
2.cms
● http://www.cinechance.com/a/how-to-get-best-out-of-your-plastic-
money.html
● http://www.icmr.icfai.org/casestudies/catalogue/IT%20and
%20Systems/Money.htm
● http://sify.com/finance/loans/fullstory.php?id=13001073&vsv=432
● http://www.sitagita.com/view.asp?id=7267
● http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=159577
● http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/canvas/2002/01/19/stories/200201190
0080400.htm
A PROJECT SYNOPSIS
ON
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON
PLASTIC MONEY
Submitted by:
PRIYANKA GOEL
REG. NO. 420820370
PGDM (FINANCE)
Study centre:
VISION INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT STUDIES
PERSONAL DETAILS
Management
Specialization : Finance
Contact No. :
Email : vermajeetu1@gmail.com
PROJECT GUIDE
Designation : Faculty
E mail : cssrc1974@gmail.com
M.COM (DU)
CA
MBA (finance- IGNOU)
FINANCE MGMT
OPERATION RESEARCH
TRAVELLING
LISTENING MUSIC
ABOUT ME
Sex Male
Nationality Indian
Religion Hinduism
DETERMINATION
ADDRESS
First Floor, Rawat villa
Ward no 2,Mehrauli
Materials
My teaching methods are primarily power point Slides and subject notes in Ms Word in subjects like
Accounting/ finance/IFM/SAPM/stats/QT/Research and Strategy.
Apart from that I am in process to write a book tentatively called (Accounting for Non- Commerce
Students) which will help students pursuing BBA/MBA and M.COM.
Strengths
My ability to understand each student separately and address their problems separately. I will bring at
least twelve years of street smart teaching experience.
Promise
I believe in finishing projects in time and ethically come what may. The great philosopher Karl Marx
once said “Labour changes APE to MAN” and this inspires me.
I believe in HARD WORK and working with Professional efficiency and Dignity”.
Given an opportunity, I will work to the best of my ability and help you and your institution find and
accomplish better standards in education.
I believe in the notion “nothing precedes hard work, success only comes by…..
With Regards
Samaresh Chhotray