Terminal Ballistic Data I

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TERMINAL BALLISTIC DATA
VolumeI
Bombing
61 N GI
August 1944
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Maximum desired effect at the target is the objective followed by ary 1944. This document gives n ation concerning the use of artillery
the Ordnance Department in designing weapons and ammunition. A proper weapons and the proper ammunition for attacking heavy reinforced con-
balance of many factors involved is essential to accomplish this purpose. crete structures. It calls attention to the fact that H.E. ammunition with
Most important among these factors are terminal velocities, shape, weight, standard fuzes should not be used for this purpose as no satisfactory effects
and material used in the projectile, type and weight of explosive charge and against sturdy concrete fortifications are attainable.
the fuzing system. For example:
c. "STANDARD ARTILLERY AND AMMUNITION AGAINST RE-

A shaped charge used in the "Bazooka" is very effective against
INFORCED CONCRETE PILLBOXES"-Second Progress Report dated 15
tanks, whereas against heavy concrete emplacements, it would do only a
February 1944. This document reports results of additional artillery firings
comparatively small amount of damage;
from 75-mm to 240-mm inclusive against heavy reinforced concrete struc-
tures, and the effects of G.P. and $.A.P. bombs of various weights against
A general purpose bomb is exceedingly efficient against certain types
of buildings whereas a semi-armor-piercing bomb will be much more efficient similar structures. In the course of these tests, a very important discovery
than the general purpose bomb if penetration of more resistant materials is was made. It was found that a special steel fuze into which were introduced
required for destruction of the target; standard fuze components in combination with standard H.E. ammunition
gave a superior type of concrete-penetrating shell. With these special steel
The delay used in a fuze is extremely important since the position of fuzes which can be used with standard H.E. ammunition from 75-mm to
the projectile with respect to the target at the instant of detonation deter- 240-mm inclusive without any modifications to the loaded shell, and which
mines the amount of damage. This is true against personnel and other targets is interchangeable with any standard contour fuze, all calibers of H.E. shell
where a certain fragment pattern is desired as well as against targets such become effective concrete-piercing ammunition.
as heavy concrete and armor where delay is vital to permit penetration before
detonation for maximum damage. To obtain best results, ammunition,
d. "VULNERABILITY TESTS OF GERMAN TANKS PZ KW III, IV,
properly fuzed, must be carefully selected to fit the target.
AND VI" dated 15 March 1944. This brochure gives data showing the
The great importance of accumulating and placing in the hands of ranges at which penetrations of the various plates found on German tanks
troops data showing the effect of various kinds of ammunition on specific can be achieved.
targets was recognized early in the emergency. This work has been inten-
The purpose of this book is to report additional data which have
sively carried forward and much information of the character indicated has
been provided by the Ordnance Department. Some recent publications been accumulated on terminal ballistics, and to present all data available
giving data on terminal ballistics are the following: to date on terminal ballistics in such form as to be of greatest usefulness to
all concerned. These data should be of great assistance in the selection and
use of weapons and ammunition against specific targets. It has been issued
a. "WEAPONS FOR JUNGLE WARFARE", dated 1 November1943. in two volumes-one on artillery ammunition, ,and the other on bombs.
This brochure describes certain weapons for jungle warfare and methods for
This volume covers bombing.
attacking bunkers and destroying Japanese infantry in the jungle.
Comments, suggested changes, and data relating to field experience

b. "STANDARD ARTILLERY AND AMMUNITION AGAINST RE- in the use of this book will be welcomed. Additions and revisions will be
INFORCED CONCRETE PILLBOXES"-First Progress Report dated 5 Janu- made in the future as may be deemed necessary.
mrnumm, mmhim3mm.
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CONTENTS Page SLLU:STRATIONS

Page
VOLUME I-TERMINAL BALLISTIC DATA FOR BOMBING CHAI ITS OF RANGE VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE
1. Illustrative Example............ ................ . 4
PART 1-BOMB BALLISTICS........................ 1
2. Cluster, Fragmentation, 100-lb., AN-MI Al (6-20-lb.,
1. General Text ..................... .. ......... 1
AN-M41).................................. . 5
2. Charts of Range vs. Altitude of Release........ . .......... 3 3. Cluster, Fragmentation, 500-lb., T8 (M27) (6-90-lb.,
3. Charts of Differential Effects on Range..................17 T9 (M82))................................. 6
a. Effects on Range of a 10-Mile-per-Hour Differential 4. Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-M81 (T10).... .... 7
Ballistic Range Wind ........................... 17 8
5. Bomb, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30 and AN-M3OAI .......
b. Effect on Range of a 10 Percent Departure from Standard 9
Ballistic Density........:.... ......... ..... 17
6. Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57 and AN-M57A1.........
7. Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1....... 10
4. Charts on Striking Velocity and Angle of Fall vs. Altitude of
Release ....... ... :........ 30 8. Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and AN-M65A1....... 11
5. Charts for Trail vs. Drop.... 42 9. Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and AN-M66A1...... 12
10. Bomb, Demolition, L.C., 4,000-lb., AN-M56 and
AN-M56A1 ...... .......................... 13
PART 2-BOMBING OF CONCRETE...:..............' 54
11. Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 and
1. General Text....... ........ .................... 54 AN-M58A2............................... . 14
... 60
2. Deformation and Rupture....................... 12. Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1.. -' 15
3. Penetration and Perforation........................ 61 16
13. Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. I.................
4. Attack on Concrete Pillboxes Utilizing Confined Detonation
Close to External Wall............ 63
a. Bombing from Horizontal Flight at t(Minimum Altitude. 63 CHARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON RANGE
b. Bombing from a Glide to Avoid Ric.ochet............ 63 Effect on Range of a 10-Mile-per-Hour Differential Ballistic Range'Wind.
c. Bombing from a Glide to Avoid Ricochet and Insure Effect on Range of a 10 Per Cent Departure From Standard Ballistic Density.
Deep Penetration in Ground..... 63
d. Attack on Lighter Pillboxes...... . , . 63 14. Cluster, Fragmentation, 100-lb., AN-MiAl (6-20-lb.,
AN-M41)....... ........................... 18
15. Cluster, Fragmentation, 500-lb., T8 (M27) (6-90-lb.,
PART 3-BOMB FRAGMENT DAMAGE. 64 T9 (M82))................................... 19
1. Tables on Fragment Damage........ 64 16. Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-M81 (TI0)..........20
2. Damage Patterns ......... ....... 64 17. Bomb, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30 and AN-M30AI ......... 21
3. Types of Damage................ . 64 18. Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57 and AN-M57A1.........22
4. The Choice of Bombs.............. 19. S64
Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1......... 23
5. Air Bursts.. ................ . 64
20. Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and AN-M65A1... .. 24
21. Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and AN-M66A1....... 25
PART 4-BOMB AND BOMB FUZE DAT A.........1622. Bomb, Demolition L CJ. P0Qb~l 6 a5
1. Particulars on Bomb Fuzes.......... ....... :.... ... 119 26
N1I-M A 26,
3 ,
ILLUSTRATIONS f g1STRATIONS
FPage
23. Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 and 46. Bomb, Demolition, L.C., 4,000-lb., AN-M56 and
AN-M58A2 ..... ................................ 27 AN-M56A1.................. ............... 50
24. Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1......28 47. Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 and
25. Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. 1 ...................... 29 AN-Ms8A2 ................................ 51
48. Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1.... 52
CHARTS OF STRIKING VELOCITY AND ANGLE OF FALL 49. Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. I..................... 53
VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE.
CHAI RTS ON EARTH DISPLACEMENT OF BOMBS
26. Cluster, Fragmentation, 100-lb., AN-MI Al (6-20-lb.,
AN-M41).............. 30 50. Crater Diameter and Depth-100-lb., G.P., AN-M30 or
27. Cluster, Fragmentation, 500-lb., T8 (M27) (6-90-lb., AN-M3OAI ............ ................... . 54
T9 (M82)) .. .................................... 31 51. Crater Diameter and Depth-250-lb., G.P., AN-M57 or

28. Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-M81 (TI0).......... 32
AN-M57A1 ....................................... 55
29. Bomb, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30 and AN-M30AI......... 33 52. Crater Diameter and Depth-500-lb., G.P., AN-M64 or
AN-M64A1 ............... ................... . 56
30. Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57 and AN-M57A1......... 34
53. Crater Diameter and Depth-I ,000-lb., G.P., AN-M44,
31. Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1......... 35
AN-M65 or AN-M65A1...... .................. 57
32. Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and AN-M65A1....... 36
54. Crater Diameter and Depth-2,000-lb., G.P., AN-M34,
33. Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and AN-M66A1....... 37 AN-M66 or AN-M66A1..... .................. 58
34. Bomb, Demolition, L.C., 4,000-lb., AN-M56 and 55. Earth Displacement Due to Underground Explosions in Clay
AN-M56A1 ..................................... 38
Soil................................................. 59
35. Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 and
AN-M58A2........ .......................... 39
CHARTS ON THE DAMAGE EFFECTS OF BOMBS
36. Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1...... 40
56. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41-Casualties....... 74
37. Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. I.............. ...... 41
57. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41-Casualties...... 74
1
58. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41 -Perforation of /-in.
CHARTS FOR TRAIL VS. DROP
Mild Steel................. ................ 75
38. Cluster, Fragmentation, 100-lb., AN-MI Al (6-20-lb., 59. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41-Perforation of /8-in. 1
AN-M41) ......................................... 42 Mild Steel........................................... 75

39. Cluster, Fragmentation, 500-lb., TB (M27) (6-90-lb., 60. 23-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M40-Casualties...... 76
T9 (M82)). ......... :.... :......................43 61. 23-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M40-Perforation of /8-in. 1
40. Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-MB81(T10) ........... 44 Mild Steel................................. 77

41. Bomb, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30 and AN-M30AI......... 45 62. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Casualties...... . 78
42. Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57 and AN-M57AI......... 46 63r~ 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Casualties....... 79
43. Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1....... 47 rw64ii .Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Casualties....... 80
44. Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and A i- Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of
45. Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and A - , 49 G1 Mild Steel.................. ............. 81
ILLUSTRATION ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
66. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Pration' of 7. 2601-b.' Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforation
1
/A-in. Mild Steel............................... 82 of 1/2-in. Mild Steet ..... ......................... 103
67. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of 88. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)--Perforation
1 of 1/2-in. Mild Steel.............................104
/s-in. Mild Steel ................... ...... 83
68. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of 89. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Casualties. 105
1/4-in. Mild Steel......................... .. ... . 84 90. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Casualties. 106
69. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of 91. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Casualties. 107
1/4-in. Mild Steel.......... .................... 85
92. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or ANrM64-Perforation
70. 100-lb. .r. Bomb, AN-MiUA1 or AN-M3-U-asualties .8. 6 of 1/8-in. Mild Steel .............................. 108
71. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30A1 or AN-M30-Casualties 87
93. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforation
72. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30AI or AN-M30-Casualties. 88
of 1 /8 -in. Mild Steel ............................... 109
73. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30A1 or AN-M30-Perforation 94. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforation
of 1/8-in. Mild Steel ............... 89
of 1/A-in. Mild Steel.............................110
74. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30AI or AN-M30-Perforation 95. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforation
of 1 /8 -in. Mild Steel ........... 90
of 1/4-in. M ild Steel ... . ........... .. ............. Il1
of 1/ 8-in. Mild Steel.. ...... . 91
of 1/4-in. Mild Steel............................... 112
76. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M3OAI or AN-M30-Perforation
of 1/4-in. Mild Steel ............... 92
of 1/4-in. Mild Steel ............................. 113
77. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30AI or AN-M30-Perforation
1 98. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforation
of /4-in. Mild Steel ............... 93
of 1/2-in. Mild Steel............................114
78. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M8 (T10)-Casualties 94
79. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M1 (TI 0)-Casualties 95
of 1/2-in. Mild Steel ................................ 115
80. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Casualties 96
81. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforation
of 1/ 8-in. Mild Steel ............................. 97
TABLES
1
of / 8-in. Mild Steel...... ........................ 98 I. Deformation and Rupture Altitude for Bombs Falling on Very
83. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforation Thick Concrete................. ..............
of 1/-in. Mild Steel ................................... 99 2. Approximate Maximum Thickness of Concrete Perforated by
84. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforati S.A.P. and A.P. Bombs..... " ...................
1
of /-in. Mild Steel..... ......................... r a ximum Thickness of Concrete Perforated (Ft.) by
85. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI )-Perforati 4 . tudes above 5,000 Ft... ........
of 1/4-in. Mild Steel ............................... 1'6ti rol s of Concrete (5,000 p.s.i.) Removed
86. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI 0)-Perforation from Thick oIitei , by Bombs which Penetrate but Fail to
of 1/4-in. Mild Steel.......................... ... 102 Perforate .........................................
TABLES MAP*
g TABLES
Page
TABLES ON FRAGMENT DAMAGE FROM BOMBS 19. 260-lb. ragmentation Bomb, AN-Mel (TI 0)-Perforation
5. (Low Altitude Bombing)....... ........... . of 1/2-in. Mild Steel .............. ................ 71
6. (Altitude of Bomb Release 10,000 Ft.)............... . 20. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64 and AN-M64A -Casualties 72
7. (Altitude of Bomb Release 20,000 Ft.)................... 21. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64 and AN-M64A1--Perfor-
8. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41 -Casualties ...... ation of 1/8-in. Mild Steel ........................... 72
9. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41 -Perforation of 1/A-in. 22. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64 and AN-M64A1-Perfor-
Mild Steel......................................... ation of 1/4-in. Mild Steel ........................ 72
10. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Casualties...... 23. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64 and AN-M64A1-Perfor-
11. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of ation of 1/2-in. Mild Steel......................... 72
'A8-in. M ild Steel.......................................
12. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of
TABLES ON BOMB AND FUZE DATA
1/4-in. Mild Steel.................................
13. 100-lb. G. P. Bomb, AN-M30 and AN-M30AI -Casualties 24. General Purpose and Light Case Bomb Data.............. 116
14. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30 and AN-M30AI-Perfora- 25. Armor-Piercing Bomb Data............................... 117
tion of 1/8-in Mild Steel ....................... "........ 26. Semi-Armor-Piercing Bomb Data.... ....... ......... 117
15. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30 and AN-M3OAI-Perfor- 27. Fragmentation Bomb Data ...................... ... 118
ation of /4-in. Mild Steel......................... 28. Fragmentation Cluster Data ...................... 118
16. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI 0)-Casualties..
29. Impact Fuze Data............................. 120
. 30. AN-MI 03 Fuze Table......................... 121
of 'A8-in. Mild Steel............ ..............
31. M103 Fuze Table (Partially Armed 250 Turns)......... 121
of 1 /4-in. Mild Steel............................ . 32. M103 Fuze Table ................... .................. 121
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Page 1
Volume I, Part 1
BOMB BALLISTICS
-1. This volume is designed to give usable ballistic information in a compact, understandable form. Text is consequently kept to a minimum, essential
data for the most part being incorporated in charts and tables.
The charts on bomb ballistics include the following subjects:
a. Range vs. Altitude of Release.

b. Differential Effects on Range.
I. Effect on Range of a 10-m.p.h. Differential Ballistic Wind vs. Altitude of Release.

II. Effect on Range of a 10% Departure from Standard Ballistic Density vs. Altitude of Release.
c. Striking Velocity and Angle of Fall vs. Altitude of Release.
d. Trail vs. Drop.
Ballistic functions are charted at true air speeds of 200 m.p.h. and 400 m.p.h. and for 50 m.p.h. head winds for each of the following:
Bomb, Fragmentation, 20-lb., AN-M41 Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and AN-M65A1
Bomb, Fragmentation, 90-lb., T9 (M82) Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and AN-M66A1
Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-M81 (TI0) Bomb, Demolition, L.C., 4,000-lb., AN-M56 and AN-M56A1
Bomb, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30 and AN-M30A1 Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 and AN-M58A2
Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57 and AN-M57A1 Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1
Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1 Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. I
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2. CHARTS OF RANGE VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE
These charts are based on range with no wind and range with a 50 m.p.h. (c) In the case of a 60 m.p.h. tail wind with a 200 m.p.h. true air
head wind. Range as considered in the charts is the distance between the speed interpolation must be employed. The distance, say X, between the
point of impact and the point directly under the airplane at the instant of 200 m.p.h. and 400 m.p.h. 'curves (2 and 4) for range with no wind is meas-
bomb release. With no wind the true air speeds and ground speeds are the ured on the 20,000 ft. altitude of release line. Since there is a difference of 200
same (200 m.p.h. and 400 m.p.h.). For each set of two curves, a 50 m.p.h. m.p.h. between these two curves, and the tail wind is 60 m.p.h., 60/200 or
head wind reduces the ground speeds to 150 m.p.h. and 350 m.p.h., re- 3/10 of the distance (X) from the no wind 200 m.p.h. curve (2) is that from
spectively. Effects of other head or tail winds may be obtained by interpola- which the vertical line must be extended to the range line to determine the
tion or extrapolation. The following examples show how the chart is used range. Intersection of the range line with the vertical line from the point of
for Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 or AN-M64A1. (See example chart on interpolation shows the range to be 12,900 ft.
page 4.) (d) If the wind were a head wind of 60 m.p.h. the interpolation
(a) Assuming the bomb to be dropped from an altitude of 20,000 point would be 1/5 the distance between the 200 m.p.h. curve (2) for no
ft. with a true air speed of 200 m.p.h. and no wind, a vertical line is extended wind and the 200 m.p.h. curve (1) corrected for a 50 m.p.h. head wind.
This is so because the 10 m.p.h. increase of a 60 m.p.h. wind above the given
from the intersection of the solid curve (2) for 200 m.p.h. true air speed and
head wind of 50 m.p.h. is 1/5 the difference between the latter wind and no
the horizontal line for 20,000 ft. altitude of release until it meets the range
wind. But the ground speed of a 200 m.p.h. true air speed with a 60 m.p.h.
line at the base of the chart. The range at this point is found to be 9,800 ft.
head wind is 140 m.p.h. It is therefore necessary to extrapolate to the left
(b) If a 50 m.p.h. head wind (resulting in a ground speed of 150 of curve (1) to find the point from which to drop a vertical line to the range .
m.p.h.) is assumed, the range for a bomb dropped from 20,000 ft. is found line. This is done by measuring to the left (decreasing velocity side) of the
from the dotted 200 m.p.h. curve (1) in the same way as in the first example. 200 m.p.h. curve (1), corrected for a 50 m.p.h. head wind, the distance
The range in this instance is 7,600 ft. originally determined by interpolation. This range is found to be 7,343 ft.
Page 4
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Or 13 - 3SV313I 30 30njjriv
Page 14
w
00 w
_.1
w
cr 0
U-
0
w z
Z00 3:
0
-J
C,)
ui0
w
0)
z
Page 15
4 OJ
O os
Q Z ___ Ow
- - _ _ _ Oc
~Z o
t
Cm 0
I z- I 0a
3SV3
- 38 10 GflIiV
o 0 00 0
In 08 0 0 0 0t
M N) ID0 d
0
Page 16
ww
0Z0 0
r) 0L
Z) Z0 .0
(o10
00
O IOZ
Page 17
3. CHARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON RANGE
Effect on Range of a 1O-.p.h. ifferential Ballistic Range Wind. STANDARD AIR DENSITY FROM SEA LEVEL TO 6,000 FT.
The charts were constructed1 on the assumption of a constant wind,
although in general the wind is not constant at all altitudes. Meteorological ALTITUDE STANDARD DENSITY
observations of winds at different levels can be averaged to give a mean
(Ft. above sea level) (grams per liter)
constant wind, termed the Ballistic Wind, that will have the same effect
on the bomb trajectory as the actual variable wind. The difference between
0.............. ...................... 1.203
this Ballistic Wind and the wind at release is the Differential Ballistic Wind.
1,000...................................1.166
In the absence of a good value for Ballistic Wind it may be assumed
that the Differential Ballistic Wind is 300/0 of the wind at release altitude
2,000................................... 1.130
and in the opposite direction.
Effect on Range of a 10 percent Departurefrom Standard Ballistic Density. 3,000...................................1.095
The difference at various altitudes between the actual air density

4,000...................................1.061
and the standard air density, expressed as percentage
of standard air
density, may be determined by meteorological observations. An average of
5,000....................... ......... 1.028
these variable differences gives a result known as the Ballistic Density
Difference which has the same effect on the trajectory as the actual variable
6,000.................................0.996
percentage density differences.
When an accurate ballistic density change is not available the per- Upon obtaining the percentage difference from standard density the
centage density change at the ground should be used as an approximate range effect may be found from the appropriate bomb chart.
value. This is found by taking as a percentage of the standard density the
difference between the actual density at the altitude of the airfield and the If the target is not at sea level, the height of the target correction
standard density at the same altitude as given in the following table: given in the bombing tables should also be employed if it is available.
Page 18
Ml
z w
C,
I-
z z
mA
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z -
0
0
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0 z U.
w
cio 0
z z
cJ w
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U. 0 U
w
w
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0 '1A - 3SV313I .J0 3af11111d
Page 19
00
0
co w
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0 zD w
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0 CV zz
z
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<0
00
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LU w
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5
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a .LJ 300h111Vd
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Page 20
0I
cr- cr
Nw O-jog
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Zw
U c _ _ _ _ _ _ _
IL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I- 0
ha, 0 0 0 o
o a0Z /iQ
r^^ N)
IX)1. U-3sGV~ 1o 3O nGfl1
Page 21
Qk 0w
I- F -L
0 0
rcr)
___ ______ ___ 0
W A Q
LL
a inQ co _ Qz~z O0 w
ozoa
ow
m6 0 0 0 0 0og°
0EL O oL
O N
Page 22
ww
o I- 0
r- o _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ O
Z tL 0 On
m .J Q crLL
0 0 0
000 o~ 0 0 0
'3- 3SV313JI dO 3OflillilV

Page 23
cr. I-
Ir-
z -WW
a r zaZQ
I 0 4u
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om~ ___
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0_LLL / 0Q 0 0.
0 0 00
a o N i
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Page 24
0 /
z. !w
0
z
z
0
0 IM
)z
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w
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0 w _________~~33d
____ ___ __ __ __ __ __
0
__
wL
LL
0 LL
0
0
'3- 3SV3138 dO 3OflJJl1V
Page 25
Cl4
w
IN-
0 OQ
I -
W aZ
w Z
8
dw
0
0 0 4 4
IoZ
0 z
0 0
z w
LU-L
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0
ww
w 0
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m
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5
' - 3SV313Ji 3O 3GflLl1V

Page 26
w Cl
o w w
in 0
Z Jw 0
zcZF
o o o
oQ H
0 0-1oz
44
LLc
00cl
J w cr-Qa _ _ _ __
cC 0Z _ _ _ __z
_ _
0Z Wr..L ii,0 ___ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _
m0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mN ) 0
IA - 3SV-13 -IO 3GftLLL1V
Page 21
.
0
I-
w W I-
CD IL
z
-J aoi
z0
z Cl)
L0 0
C, Ic
0
Z6~ IL
IA. LU 4J
On -J
zz
0
z 1-
0
LU
tr IL
LL
i. IL WIL
Lt.
'l: - 3SV3138 .40 3afllil1d

Page 28
WI
a
a
0 0
0
w
C, LLIJ
4
WW
IJJC
z zo
... r
0 t.L -I
z - J'
4(1)
4 0-,J
00
w
0
0 zC
w
w
0WL
0 w
0 U-
IL I© W
a
___a
0L
U)
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Page 29
w w
D W
zw 0
IC
0 H
Z Z Z ~ Z 0
<O O w HC
a
U- o
_ _
cd ...
U.o- -
_ _
j lw J~e o
<wLL w U.wcaI~ot
EI3 L IL. IL
C10 °
0i '0
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Page 30-
w (
(
(
0
N
-~ N
-J N
N
N
z w (
0
N ____ C
(
3.
m z
0
w 0
0
I-
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0 (
Ii
38 -j
o\ o( 0
w
0 C)
w
H
w
H J4 (I)
H
z9 'JL w
U (0 D
WLL 3.
>LL.
(0O
O
H .L4-3SV3U13i JO 3OflhlV~l
g
0
IN 00Lr
0 0
4. CHARTS OF STRIKING VELOCITY AND ANGLE OF FALL VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE

Page 31
00
0
0
a
0
-J
z 0
0)
-t
LUL.
0
1(91
Lii
-3
CD
033V33 00 0 0JI
-J 00' 0 0 0
0a
o
0 8ol 0
N)n 0 0f 0
Page 32
H w
C,)
w
w
-- L
0
0
9-j
0 c6i >L
LL
0
CN zw
z0 CD-
0
(fli 1i
0-
0i zJ
z
Wb.
zw
HZ
1iA-3SV31385 YO 3cafl..Uv
0 0 0 Q
m
CJ N _ I
Page 33
w
0 w
-J
w
IY
LL I-
0
0
z w
CD
z w
4 g-Z 0
0 -- cn4
rO) It J
-J
w tL
I.
0
CD
z
0z Q
0
0j
0 -
0
0 W LL
l - 3SV13132i J0 3Gflh1Il N
02
0
02
HZ
cN Q
§ 0 0
$
0)
0
8°
0
Page 34
0
w
w n- 0
.
Wl _ _ _ _ _ _
N-w
jLL ~ __ _ _ _ _ _ _
W L. U:C/
O
I }
zn> L
,cnc.!c
In
uQ
Li. __ __ ____. - 3S13'13~i JO 3ft.fl IN

0o 0 0
o Z 0 0 0 0 0
Page 35
w
0
-J
(0
w 0
w o-J
z OjJ
wU-
H.
(DO
(.0c iZ-Z (OJ
I-
(N4
z 0
-J Li W
>-p
0 H 0
10
0-i
0.:
0
co
0 (n (
m
AN
Page 30
w
C,)
LO
-J
w 0
(0
z 0
0
w
z LIL
LL
4
0
0
z I
- J I
0
LO
mi
0
0: I-
z .
0
02 Iz 2~ 2 o
(fluc
Page 31
ME
C',
w
w
-J
w
C0 >-i
0
0 0 LL
z w IdLL
>0 LL:
4 0
Uw
I- I 0J
o4
C)
33 II > Li
0
(0 0 o
(0
LLQ z
z
o J
0
0
00
Y LJ
2 0 0
HZ
() Q
I NI ." 8U
Page 38
(W
0
0
0
-J
0 -J
0 >LL
0 (0 -
z!
0
0.
-J 11 I
0
F- 0 -J
0
z
("4 2-3SV3138 =i0 3G(WJ.1v
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cn
Pag, 39
II
_____ ___ ____ ___
w O 2
Li U
LO w C6
LL D - zL.
Zaf w w
>I O 0
M I _ ___ ___
~(0 ___ ____
coin
>LJ..08.
§t § 0 °
Page 40
pt
- 0
WE
AW~a
L C) U.
0 *
0 >L&.
cn 0
m=
Page 41
w 0
wCO
Ioo-
cd F- (D u
LL LL.
(D
(o _ _
_
cL I
~~
4
mJ
oc 0 00
0 0 0 0 0
00 0g
0
0
0 0
0
o0
t
Page 42
CLUS TER, FRAGMENTAT ION, 100-LB, AN-M1AI(6-20&LB.AN-M41)

IMMEDIATE SEPARATION
TRAIL VS. DROP
TRAIL IN FEET FOR RELEASE ALTITUDES
10000 AND 25000 FEET
IL LL
__--5000
C)
o 0
o
---- wI 0 0 wn
w w
w w
0-- - -c15000 c
o or a.
0
5000 r20000
10000 - -25000
14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
TRAIL - FT
FIGURE 38
5. CHARTS FOR TRAIL VS. DROP
These charts, giving trail distance as a function of drop, show actual trajectories with respect to axis fixed in the
airplanes. From them can be determined how Far a bomb dropped From a given altitude will lag behind the bomber.
Page 43
ICLUS TER, FRAGMENTATION, 50Q-LB, T8 (M27)(6 -m9-LBT9(M 82)

IMMEDIATE SEPARATION
TRAIL VS. DROP
10000 AND 25000 FEET
-------- 0
----- U-- -5000 LL

0 0
0
0 0
0.
0 N
-10000 w
-IJ N
4I
-J
--15000
U- CL
0a
0 0
5000------ 20000 0
10000- - -- 25000'
8000 7000 6000 5000 4 000 3000 2000 1000 0
TRAIL - FT
FIGURE 39
Page 44
BOMB, FRAGMENTATION, 26O- LB., AN -M81(T 10)

TRAIL VS. DROP
10000 AND 25000 FEET
U-
Ui-
0
0 5000 0
0
0 L0
0
cnJ
J 10000 w
cr
15000 LL
0- 01
0
0
0
5000- ~20000
10000 --. 25000

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000
TRAIL - FT.
FIGURE 40
Page 45
BOMB, G17 10OO- LB., AN-'M30 AND AN-M30A1

TRAIL VS. DROP
10000 AND 25000 FEET
_____-------00
o 0
o to
J J
w W
w w
w w
5000- - - -20000
I10000-- - 25000
7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0
TRAIL- FT.
FIGURE 41
Page 46
BOMB, G.P, 250-LB., AN- M57 AND AN-M 57A

TRAIL VS. DROP
TRAIL IN 'FEET FOR RELEASE ALTITUDES
10000 AND 25000 FEET
--- -0
0L -5000
0
0
0
0W
N-I-
-10000
Co
4
w
mJ
xJ
- 15000
1-
U-
0
o 20000
- - 25000
TRAIL - FT.
FIGURE 42
Page 41,
BOMB,G.P, 500-LB.,AN-M64 AND AN- M64A1

TRAIL VS. DROP
10000 AND 25000 FEET
---- 0
HP
LL UA.
0
- 0-5000 0
o 0
o ID
c'J
co
-W-IOOOO
bJ
4w
w J
o. a
o 0
a:a
o
- --- 20000
- -- 25000
5000
TRAIL - FT.
FIGURE 43
Page 48
BOMB, G.P, 1000 -LB., AN -M65 AND AN-M65A1

TRAIL VS. DROP
TRAIL IN FEET FOR. RELEASE ALTITUDES
10000 AND 25000 FEET
---- 0
H.
IL - 5000 IL
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
-10000
Id Id
U) U)
Q 4
-J
Id
-15000
a
0 0
-20000
- --- 25000
3000 2000 1000 0'
TRAIL - FT.
FIGURE 44
Page 49
B0MB,G.F, 2000-LB., AN- M66AND AN- M66A1

TRAIL VS. DROP
10000 AND 25000 FEET
--o
-- -O--5000
0
0
w
N,
w --10000
16Pae4
w
0 -
H-
-15000
____ V6
5000- -- - - 2uv0
g
N
10000- - --25000
4000 3000 2000 1000
TRAIL -FT.
FIGURE 45
Page 50
BOMB,DEMOLITION, L.C.,4 000 - LB.,AN-

M56RI
AND ANR-56A

10000 AND 25000 FEET
L IL.
- -- -0-5000 0
0 0
0 0
00
LUj W
0- - -F15000C'
4 4
_____ _ _____
___ ____ -0- -. 0-- - 5000 -
t 0000000-20-20000
FIGURE 46
Page 51
BOMB,S.A.P, 500' LB..AN M 58,AN-M58AI AND AN-M58A2

TRAIL VS. DROP
TRAIL IN FEET, FOR RELEASE ALTITUDES
10000 AND' 25000 FEET
- 0
- -- 5000
0
0
0
0
10000 Li
()
-J -J
15000
U-
a. a
0 0
a:
)ono- -o- 20000
10000 -25000
10000 8000 6000 4000 2000
TRAIL -FT
FIGURE 47
Page 52
BOMB, S.AP, 10OOO-LB., AN-M59 AND AN-M59A1

TRAIL VS. DROP
10000 AND 25000 FEET
_. _ -_0
-w 5000
0
0
0
0
I fW~f*i
laIol III
4 4
wi
-J -J
w w
15000 H
IL
I
0
0
20000 0
JI0000- - -25000
10000 8000 6000 4000 2000
TRAIL-FT.
FIGURE 48
Page 53
BOMB, A.P, 1600-LB. AN-MK I

TRAIL VS. DROP
10000 AND 25000 FEET
-0
--- -1;:- 5000

0
0
0
0
w
w
0--- -- 150100
a
0
5000 - -'s -20000
110000_ - -25000
10000 8000 6000 4000 2000
TRAIL -FT
FIGURE 49
Page 54
Volume IPart 2
BOMBING OF CONCRETE
GENERAL TEXT
1. The relatively large dispersion and low striking velocities of bombs tively used in the removal of the dirt coverings over piliboxes prior to artillery
prevent the bombing of concentrated, strongly-built concrete Fortifications from attack. Figures 50 to 55 inclusive give the crater sizes and earth displacements
being generally profitable. However, general purpose bombs can be effec- caused by various size bombs.
.. w-iUN TYPE A
SHEAR
PLATO '
\~~;
E
QULp
TYPE B
TYPE C n
n mD
DEBRIS MOUND O O
CD
O
PARTIAL 0
CAMOUFLET G) G
A AMOUFLET MOUND O
GAMOUFLET -I
o >3
m
CRATER TYPES 171

ABOVE GROUND SCALE I/4 OF SCALE IN GRAPH 0
CLAY
S I*0 210
SOFT CHALK I ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " -~
0 90
HARD CHALK
I0
-. . .I
GRAVEL E O SF OF GU TO CT OF M
DISTANCE FROM SURFACE OF GROUND TO CENTER OF MASS
SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE FILLING 3 0
(TNT OR AMATOL)
FOR DETONATIONS OCCURING RELATIVELY DEEP IN SAND, THE GRATER DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS ARE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL
TO THOSE OF HARD CHALK. THE PROFILE,HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND
SURFACE,THE CRATERSIN SAND ARE LARGER THAN THOSE IN HARD CHALK.
EXAMPLE: A 100-LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OF
TEN FEET WILL YIELD A GRATER OF TYPE C APPROXIMATELY 3 TO 6 FEET DEEP AND 18 TO 21 FEET
IN DIAMETER.
FIGURE 50
0 a,
Page 55
o W
DEBRIS MOUND o 0
a a,
I)IPARTIAL-
J- CAMOUFLET
0.
CAOFE MOUND
-! . ; . , ... f
o cu
SOFT CHALK
/E GROUND j .9
£1
ELOW GROUND
11 L0
01 20
20,
30
GRATER TYPES
SCALE 1/4 OF SCALE IN GRAPH
O DZ
DO £0
HARD CHALK -
. 1 . .
0I.
° I I , I I I I o D
~it0
~ ~a 20
GRAVEL N I II 1 9 1 I I p a p- a a *
DISTANCE FROM SURFACE OF GROUND TO CENTER OF MASS o)

a,
SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE FILLING
(TNT OR AMATOL)
FOR DETONATIONS OCCURING RELATIVELY DEEP IN SAND, THE CRATER DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS ARE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL
TO THOSE OF HARD CHALK. THE PROFILE, HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND.
SURFACE,,TH-E CRATERS IN SAND ARE LARGER THAN THOSE IN HARD CHALK.
EXAMPLE: A250-LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OF
TEN FEET WILL YIELD A GRATER OF TYPE B APPROXIMATELY 5 TO 9 FEET DEEP AND 26 TO 29 FEET
IN DIAMETER.
FIGURE 51
Page 55
30 O A gC PARTIAL CWUFLET
- - -PLATFOR
- SHOULDER
DIA ETER. N
20
20~ I D
w ', c1 c 'I
PARIA Z*_
20_2 J>AMOUFLET G)
-D-P
IL ____ _____: ACAMOUFLETON
o 0 oDEP-0
ABOVE GROUND BELOW GROUND GRATER TYPES z

Z o
'''''' OI''' 1 .
1 ly11II
ha l j
IC
0CLAY
a IIIII1I1
..
20
,I, ''''
11II1II SCALE 1/4 OFSCALE IN GRAPH '
O
GRAVEL mDTAEFRMSFAEO ~ea a,,* ,
DITNEFO UFC FGROUND TO CENTER OF MASS

w 6
SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE FILLING 0
(TNT OR AMATOL) W,
TO THOSE OF HARD CHALK THE PROFILE, HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND
SURFACE,TH-E CRATERS IN SAND ARE LARGER THAN THOSE IN HARD CHALK.
EXAMPLE: A 500 *LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OF
TEN FEET WILL YIELD A GRATER OF TYPE B APPROXIMATELY 8 TO II FEET DEEP AND 32 TO 35 FEET
IN DIAMETER.
FIGURE 52
Page 51
so -- A 8 __ PARTIAL UFLA
ISHEAR "
PLATFOR ~LS HOULDER
40 D ETER '
30 40 - ___ ___
330 i. ~DEBRIS MOUND 0D

I- p/PRTA
20 CAMOUFLET G) 0
~~AMOULETMON D r
0 DP CAMOUFLET -
_10:10' -C
aI .- t ' n.7.
w0000ABOVE GROUND BELOW GROUND GRATER TYPES 17 Z)
CLA1 24 3
4-0
4IAA9 3 SCALE I/4 OF SCALE IN GRAPH 0p
C 1
10 20 30
SOTCAK10 20 30
GAE............ .. , ...
DISTANCE FROM SURFACE OF GROUND TO CENTER OF MASS 0
°*1
SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE-FILLING 0 Z
(TNT OR AMATOL) wD
TO THOSE OF HARD CHALK. THE PROFILE, HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND (
A 1000-LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OF
EXAMPLE:
TEN FEET WILL YIELD A CRATER OF TYPE B APPROXIMATELY 10 TO 14 FEET DEEP AND 38 TO 42 FEET
IN DIAMETER.
FIGURE 53
Page 58,
-50 X70 A B - C
- ATA___ FL
50' -YP C ATAAFE -N- .'.---
PLATFOR SHOULDER
40 TYP B
- IA ETER --, ,o, ., r
500 -
w
40 G
-30 40
ww03O. IrDEBRIS MOUND
___ ___7_ ___ ___A___lRTIAL z
30_ _________ __ CAMOUFLET 6) 0
30 00
0 20 I -CAMOUFLET MOUND 0
0
il ED
o -20 -'
CA UFE
" DEPT *.j
.____ CMOUFLE
I0 Ii" 0- ,
I N
00000ABOVE GROUND BELOW GROUND CRATER TYPES Z Z~

CLAY p , 9 0,30 9 5,6 SCALE 1/4 OFSCALE IN GRAPH
SOFT CHALK~ 30 -, 0*
10o 9
Q
~
.I0 20 30 4,0 N =
GRAVEL , , , U) 0,
DISTANCE FROM SURFACE OF GROUND TO CENTER OF MASS
'1
SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE FILLING 0Z
(TNT OR AMATOL) W03
TO THOSE OF HARD CHALK. THE PROFILE, HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND (0)
EXAMPLE: A 2000-LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT. CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OF
TEN FEET WILL YIELD A GRATER OF TYPE B APPROXIMATELY 13 TO 16 FEET DEEP AND 45 TO 49 FEET
IN DIAMETER.
FIGURE 54
Page 59
SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS- EARTH DISPLACEMENTS DUE TO UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIONS IN CLAY SOIL

INCHES (ALL G.R AND L.C. BOMBS)
30
18
K12 The curves show horizontal and vertical dis-
placements of the surface of the ground measured
at various distances from the exploding charge.
Soil effect: Values given are from observations
on clay and clay-gravel mixture. Displace-
ments in chalk, not shown on this plot, were
found to Fall below those in clay.
-12 Type of explosive: The curves are based on
experiments using the following types of ex-
24 plosives TNT, 40/60 amatol, baratol, dithekite,
minol, black powder and dynamite, with charge
weights ranging from 25 to 990 pounds. On the
-12
other hand, displacements in clay obtained
with torpex and hexanite are greater than for
18 -6 equal weights of any of the above explosives.
Absence of depth effect: The data indicate
that for the range of depths tested, the displace-
-6 ments obtained are independent of the depth of
12 burial L provided only that the bomb or charge
is completely buried. Depths in these experi-
-6
ments varied from 7 to 22 feet, and the cone-
sponding values of L/W%' were between 1.1
and 3.6 ft./lb.'
-6
Accuracy of graph: The curves predict dis-
placements over the entire range with an average
deviation of 15%.
EXAMPLE: The maximum horizontal transient
-0 -O -0O HO displacement at 60 ft. from the point of burst of
a 500 lb. G.P. Bomb is 1.3 inches.
" 0 I' 50
I0OOLB. G.P I I
AN- M30 O
50
250 LB.G.P. I p I
AN-M57 0 50
0LB.G.2.
50 100
1000 LB. G.P. " L I I
I I
AN-M44,AN-M65 o 50 100 IS
2Q00 LB.G.P 4 I
50 100 150
AN-M34,AN-M66
o 50 100 150 200
4000 LB.L.C. p 1 p p I I . 1 p I ' 1 1 1 1 I r I p p
AN-M56
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE-FEET FIGURE 55
Page 60
DEFORMATION AND RUPTURE
2. General purpose bombs (TNT or Amatol loaded) dropped from armor-piercing bombs weighing less than 1,000 lb. are ineffective against
a high altitude upon direct impact with thick concrete will deform or may concrete fortifications 5 feet or more in thickness. The 1,000-lb. Semi-Armor-
break up (see Table 1) and function low order, however, limited tests conducted Piercing Bomb, AN-M59 or AN-M59A1, and the 1,600-lb. Armor-Piercing
with TNT and Amatol loaded bombs indicated that when the bombs are Bomb, AN-Mk., are effective for destruction of pillboxes when it is pos-
fuzed 0.1 sec. or less delay, high order detonation will result. Armor-piercing sible to obtain direct hits. Table I gives the deformation and rupture alti-
bombs will not deform or break up regardless of the altitude of release. Semi- tude for bombs falling on very thick concrete.
TABLE 1
DEFORMATION AND RUPTURE ALTITUDE FOR BOMBS FALLING ON VERY THICK CONCRETE
Bombs will begin to deform at Bombs will rupture at altitudes

altitudes in Feet of about in Feet of about
Bomb
3,400 p.s.i. 5,000 p.s.i. 3,400 p.s.i. 5,000 p.s.i.

concrete concrete concrete concrete
G.P. 100-lb., AN-M30 or AN-M30AI 1,500 all 7,000 3,000

250-lb., AN-M57 or AN-M57A1 4,000 800 16,000 7,000
500-lb., AN-M64 or AN-M64A1 3,500 800 14,000 7,000
1,000-lb., AN-M65 or AN-M65A1 3,500 800 14,000 7,000
2,000-lb., AN-M66 or AN-M66A1 5,000 1,500 20,000 10,000
S.A.P. 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1, or

AN-M58A2 15,000 5,000 No rupture
1,000-lb., AN-M59 or AN-M59A1 23,000 8,000 No rupture
A.P. (all) No deformation or rupture

Page 61
3. PENETRATION AND PERFORATION
In this discussion of the effects of bombs upon concrete, perforation of a Table 2 gives concrete perforation thicknesses for S.A.P. and A.P. bombs
wall or roof means complete passage of the bomb through the concrete, while and the number of bombs required for 50% and 90% probabilities of hitting
penetration means making a crater in the concrete which does not go all the a I0-yd. by 10-yd. target from various altitudes of release when the true air
way through. speed of the airplane is 250 m.p.h.
TABLE 2
APPROXIMATE MAXIMUM THICKNESSES OF CONCRETE PERFORATED BY S.A.P. & A.P. BOMBS
Altitude of plane (ft.) (assumed true air speed, 250 m.p.h.) 5,000 .10,000 20,000 30,000
Number of bombs required to hit a 10-yd. x 50%J 25-250 100-1,000 400-4,000 1,000-10,000
10-yd. target with probability of1 90% 80-800 350-3,500 1,300-13,000 ,3,500-35,000
Striking veloc- 500-lb. S.A.P., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 or

ity (f/s) AN-M58A2 620 800 1,000 1,080
1,000-lb. S.A.P., AN-M59 or AN-M59A1 635 820 1,030 1,120
1,000-lb. A.P., M52A1 640 825 1,050 1,150
1,600-lb. A.P., AN-MI.1 660 840 1,080 1,210
Approximate Strength of concrete 500-lb. S.A.P. 21/4 ft. 31/3 41/4 41/2
thickness 3,400 p.s.i. 1,000-lb. S.A.P. 3 ft. 4 61/3 7

1,000-lb. A.P. 31/4 ft. 5 71/2 81/2
of concrete 1,600-lb. A.P. 41/4 ft. 63/4 9/2 111/2
perforated 500-lb. S.A.P. 2 ft. 3 31/2 33/4

1,000-lb. S.A.P. 23/4 ft. 4 5 51/2
1,000-lb. A.P. 3 ft. 41/2 61/4 7
1,600-lb. A.P. 4 ft. 52/3 8 91/2
'The smaller numbers are based on good accuracy (15 mil); under operational conditions the larger numbers may be more realistic.
Page 62
Table 3 gives concrete perForation For G.P. bombs dropped From 5,000 Feet or greater altitudes.
TABLE 3
PROBABLE MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF CONCRETE PERFORATED (FT.) BY G.P. BOMBS FROM ALTITUDES ABOVE
5,000 FT.
AN-M30 or AN-M57 or AN-M64 or AN-M65 or AN-M66 or

Strength oF Concrete AN-M30AI AN-M57A1 AN-M64A1 AN-M65A1 AN-M66A1
100-lb. 250-lb. 500-lb. 1,000-lb. 2,000-lb.
3,400 p.s.i. concrete 1 11/2 1 2 4
5,000 p.s.i. concrete 3/4 1 1 11/2 3
S.A.P. and A.P. bombs which penetrate but Fail to perForate a concrete target will remove various volumes oF concrete. Table 4 shows the optimum
Fuze settings, For the different bombs, to remove the greatest volumes.
TABLE 4
APPROXIMATE VOLUMES OF CONCRETE (5,000 P.S.I.) REMOVED FROM THICK CONCRETE BY BOMBS WHICH PENE-
TRATE BUT FAIL TO PERFORATE
Fuze Setting 500-lb. S.A.P. 1,000-lb. S.A.P. 1,000-lb. A.P. 1,600-lb. A.P.
0.1-sec. delay 10 cu. Ft. 30 cu. ft. 100 cu. Ft. 350 cu. Ft.
0.025-sec. delay 10-30 30-100 1502 4002
0.01-sec. delay 302 1002 100 150
Instantaneous Several Sq. Ft. 2 to 3" deep, spalled off Face
'The shape and depth of the craters vary with the altitude of release but the volume of concrete tends to remain constant.
2These volumes correspond to the approximate times at which bomb will detonate at bottom of crater; if fuzed with longer delay, the bomb will rebound prior to
detonation.
Page, 63
4. ATTACK ON CONCRETE PILLBOXES UTILIZING CONFINED b. BOMBING FROM A GLIDE TO AVOID RICOCHET
DETONATION CLOSE TO EXTERNAL WALL An angle of fall above 250 should prevent ricochet, but for angles below
Dirt cbvering upon concrete considerably reduces the concrete thickness 400 the bomb will tend to remain fairly close to the ground surface instead
that can be perforated, but in those cases where the dirt cushions a G.P. of penetrating deeply. Short delay fuzing would be reasonably safe, as
bomb sufficiently to permit high order detonation within approximately 1 ricochet is unlikely, but a delay of less than 0.025 sec. might result in
foot of the concrete, the confinement of the dirt greatly increases the blast premature detonation. Since the likelihood of ricochet at various angles is
effect. When this condition occurs a 2,000-lb. G.P. bomb will probably largely dependent upon the nature of the terrain, proper precautions should
destroy a wall 7 ft. thick, and a 1,000-lb. G.P. bomb will seriously damage or be observed when ground conformation or composition increases the chance
destroy a wall 5 ft. thick. A 1,000-lb. S.A.P. bomb will considerably damage of ricochet.
a 5-ft. wall. This type of bombing requires great precision, because the An angle of fall above 250 is obtained by bombing from a plane at 350
bomb must (1) detonate near enough to a wall of a pillbox, (2) detonate miles per hour or less under the following conditions:
under a sufficient layer of dirt, and (3) except in the case of the stronger No glide: altitude greater than 1,000 ft.
S.A.P. bomb, it must have sufficiently low striking velocity to prevent it 100 glide: altitude greater than 850 ft.
from breaking up on impact with the concrete wall. Therefore, this method 200 glide: altitude greater than 350 ft.
of attack is used to best advantage only when low altitude bombing is Bombing under conditions tending to prevent ricochet makes it possible for
employed. a bomb to approach a concrete wall (or a concrete roof) through a com-
paratively long, shallow, underground cushioned path. To obtain these
a. BOMBING FROM HORIZONTAL FLIGHT AT MINIMUM
advantages the bomb would almost necessarily have to hit 3 to 4 yd. in
ALTITUDE
front of the pillbox. The 2,000-lb. G.P. bomb remains the best selection,
Bombs will probably ricochet if they hit fiat ground after being dropped the 1,000-lb. G.P. bomb next best.
from an airplane flying horizontally at low altitude.
(I) A 2,000-lb. G.P. bomb, necessarily fuzed long delay, will penetrate c. BOMBING FROM A GLIDE TO AVOID RICOCHET AND
almost horizontally up to about 10 ft. if it hits rising ground that has an INSURE DEEP PENETRATION IN THE GROUND
angle of 25 or more degrees. If it comes to rest close to concrete, or even if it When the angle of fall is greater than about 400, the bomb, provided it is
strikes the concrete near the end of its natural path, it will probably detonate not deflected, will probably follow a straight path, at least in the first half
after the fuze delay time. Under these conditions the explosive force of the of its penetration. This is particularly desirable when. a pillbox is deeply
bomb is sufficient to destroy a pillbox up to 7 ft. thick. If it strikes concrete encased.
after little penetration into dirt, or after none, the bomb may break up and An angle of fall above 40° is obtained by bombing from a plane at 350
do no damage. m.p.h. or less under the following conditions:
(II) A 1,000-lb. G.P. bomb would behave in the same way except No glide: altitude greater than 2,900 ft.
for slightly less penetration of dirt and for less drastic effect. 100 glide: altitude greater than 2,700 ft.
(III) A 1,000-lb. S.A.P. bomb would behave similarly except that it 20° glide: altitude greater than 2,100 ft.
would not break up, even upon a direct hit on concrete, and that its effect 30° glide: altitude greater than 1,150 ft.
is much smaller. However, there is no great advantage in a direct hit on The 2,000-lb. G.P. bomb remains the best selection, the 1,000-lb. G.P.
concrete (or a hit after slight penetration in earth) from low altitudes, bomb next best.
because the striking velocity is low and little demolition will occur in the
absence of good confinement. d. ATTACK OF LIGHTER PILLBOXES
(IV) Conclusion: Bombing from horizontal flight at minimum altitude Large G.P. bombs, fuzed 0.025 sec. delay, seem to be definitely advan-
is advantageous only if there is a probability of a bomb striking a sloping tageous against pillboxes encased in dirt when the concrete thickness is 2
cushion of earth over 5 ft. thick in front of the concrete. In this event the ft. or less, since the bombs would probably be effective both by direct hit
2,000-lb. G.P. bomb is best, with the 1,000-lb. G.P. bomb second best. or by near miss provided they did not ricochet.
Page 64
Volume I, Part 3
BOMB FRAGMENT DAMAGE
1. TABLES OF FRAGMENT DAMAGE. 4. THE CHOICE OF BOMBS.
These tables give the number B of effective hits per sq. ft. of target area Tables 5, 6, and 7, which follow this introduction will be found useful in
at a given distance r from the burst. The numbers B are averages for dif- making a choice of bomb against unshielded targets according to the type
ferent directions' from the burst. They are properly applied only to a of fragment damage desired. At low or medium altitudes not exceeding
considerable number of bursts with random orientation of the bomb axis 10,000 ft., the 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41, is to be preferred
relative to the target. against personnel or when only light damage is needed. As noted in Table 5,
the parachute on the 23-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M40, improves the
2. DAMAGE PATTERNS. effect of the nonparachute Bomb, AN-M41, for low altitude bombing about
As distinguished from damage tables, the damage patterns represent three times. When released from 20,000 ft., the 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb,
typical individual cases and vary with the remaining velocity of the bomb, AN-M41, is reduced to less than one half the power it possesses in low alti-
angle of fall, and the height of burst. Both damage tables and damage tude bombing.
patterns presuppose a graze or air burst with no shielding of the target. For 10,000- and 20,000-ft. altitudes of release, the bombs listed other than
The user of the data given here must make due allowance for target shielding the 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41, are somewhat improved because
and the penetration of the bomb into the ground before burst. The amount of the downward change in fragment direction caused by the remaining
of this penetration will depend upon the remaining velocity, angle of fall of velocity and the higher angle of fall. The bombs should be used in accordance
90-lb.
the bomb, the nature of the soil, and the bomb and fuze. In the fragment with the type of damage required, consulting Tables 6 and 7. The
damage patterns, shadings of different types indicate regions of decreasing Fragmentation Bomb,T9 (M82),may be used in clusters of six and when so used
density of hits. The, regions distinguished are those where there is at least will be particularly effective, if the required damage is at most equivalent
one hit per 1, 4, 10, or 25 sq. ft. of area. These units of area are understood as to perforation of u-in. mild steel. For heavier damage, the 260-lb. Fragmen-
normal to the fragment trajectories. Unshaded regions entering near the burst tation Bomb, AN-M81, or the 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64, may be used.
do not indicate that there are no effective hits in these regions, but merely that the
5. AIR BURSTS.
density of effective hits is less than that belonging to the nearest shaded area.
Against personnel in medium foxholes or on rough, terrain, or against
The white centers of the Fragment patterns are used to indicate the origin of
the polar system above which 'the missile bursts. In general these areas suffer other moderately shielded targets, an air burst of the 500-lb. G.P. Bomb,
the highest type of Fragment damage as well as blast damage. AN-M64, or the 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81, is recommended.
A height of burst from 30 to 50 ft. would be effective, with the higher
3. TYPES OF DAMAGE. burst counteracting the greater shielding. Released from an altitude of
The types of damage considered are casualties, and normal perforations 10,000 ft. or more, the 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41, is considerably
of mild steel of Y-in., u-in., and 2-in, thickness. A casualty is taken as diminished in fragment damage not only from the effects illustrated in the
fragment patterns but also because the bomb penetrates the soil to some
caused by a hit with at least 58 ft.-lb. of energy. It is incapacitation and not
necessarily death. Damage comprising perforation of Y-in. mild steel is extent before bursting. Here again an air burst of the 500-lb. G.P. Bomb,
considered effective against airplanes on the ground. Damage in which there
AN-M64, or the 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81, will be highly
is perforation of Y4-in.
or %-in, mild steel is effective against trucks, light effective.
armored vehicles, railway rolling stock, and targets of similar resistant The altitudes of release given for bombs assume atrue air speed of 250m.p.h.
nature. 'Restricting these directions to side wall directions in the case of bombs.
Page 65
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Page 60
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Page 67
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Page 68
20-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M41A1

TNT Loading
INITIAL FRAGMENT VELOCITY 2,810 F/S
TABLE 8 TABLE 9
CASUALTIES PERFORATION OF l/ 8 -IN. MILD STEEL
Average For the lightest Average For the lightest

Distance Total number, number of effective fragment Distance Total number number of effective fragment
from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity
(ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s) (ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s)
r N B m v r N B m v
20 1,171 .3821 .0075 ' 2,810 20 1,011 .342 .032 2,780
30 1,146 .1662 .011 2,320 30 936 .141 .045 2,470
40 1,116 ' .0910 .016 1,930 40 850- .0719 .060 2,230
60 1,044 .0379 .028 1,460 60 657 .0247 .102 1,880
80 958 .0195 .042 1,190 80 430 .0091 .161 1,660
100 882 .0115 .055 1,040 100, 244 .0033 .230 1,470
150 723 .0042 .085 836 120 113 .0011 .308 1,340
200 614 .0020 .111 731 140 32 .0002 .397 1,240
300 i400 .0006 .170 591 160 11 .0001 .493 1,170
400 216 .0002 .243 502

Page 69
90-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)

Camp. B Loading
TABLE 10 TABLE 11
CASUALTIES PERFORATION OF 1/8 -IN. MILD STEEL

Distance Total number number of effective Fragment Distance Total number number oF effective Fragment
From burst of effective effective Frag- Weight Velocity From burst oF effective effective Frog- Weight Velocity
(Ft.) Fragments ments per sq. Ft. (oz.) (F/s) (ft.) Fragments ments per sq. Ft. (oz.) (fs)
r N 'B m v r N B m v
40 4,520 .369 .014 2,060 20 4,000 1.304 .024 3,100

50 4,240 .221 .019 1,770 30 3,510 .510 .034 2,720
60 3,980 .144 .024 1,575 40 3,010 .245 .048 2,410
80 3,490 .0712 .036 1,280 60 1,980 .0716 .082 2,010
100 2,880 .0376 .050 1,090 80 1,620 .0331 .125 1,790
150 2,000 .0116 .080 862 100 1,290 .0168 .180 1,590
200 1,770 .0058 .105 753 120 975 .0088 .250 1,430
300 .1,400 .0020 .160 610 140 760 .0051 .330 1,310
400 1,040 .0009 .230 509 170 580 .0026 .465 1,190
600 646 .0002 .405 383 200 435 .0014 .605 1,100
800 413 .0001 .632 307 300 149 .0002 1.12 952
TABLE 12
PERFORATION OF 4-IN. MILD STEEL
r N B m v
20 1,220 .398 .192 3,100

30 1,050 .152 .230 2,900
40 896 .0731 .275 2,720
60 681 .0247 .380 2,420
80 540 .0110 .500 2,200
100 395 .0052 .650 2,020
120 285 .0026 .815 1,870
140 193 .0013 .992 1,750
170 83 .0004 1.36 1,610
200 18 .0001 1.74 1,490
Page 70
100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M30 OR AN-M3OA1

Amol Loading
TABLE 13, TABLE 14
CASUALTIES PERFORATION OF 1 8-IN. MILD STEEL

Distance Total number number oF effective fragment Distance Total number, number of effective Fragment
From burst oF effective effective Frag- Weight Velocity From burst of effective effective Frag- Weight Velocity
(Ft.) Fragments ments per sq. Ft. (oz.) (F/s) (Ft.) Fragments ments per sq. Ft. (oz.) (F/s)
r N B m v r N B m v
70 4,120 .110 .009 2,570 40 4,120 .336 .009 4,350

80 3,850 .0785 .011 2,320 50 3,480 .182 .012 4,060
100 3,350 .0437 .017 1,870 60 3,330 .121 .016 3,670
120 3,040 .0276 .024 1,570 80 3,040 .0620 .024 3,100
140 2,730 .0182 .033 1,340 100 2,620 .0342 .037 2,650
170 2,300 .0104 .047 1,130 120 2,150 .0195 .052 2,350
200 1,880 .0061 .062 980 140 1,670 .0111 .071 2,110
300 1,080 .0016 .107 746 170 1,090 .0049 .105 1,870
500 519 .0003 .214 531 200 758 .0025 .150 1,700
700 232 .0001 .357 411 400 58 .0001 .68 1,070
TABLE 15
PERFORATION OF -IN. MILD STEEL
r N B, m v
20 3,070 1.00 .022 7,190

30 2,830 .411 .029 6,390
40 2,560 .209 .039 5,660
60 1,950 .0707 .060 4,760
80 1,370 .0279 .086 4,140
100 990 .0129 .115 3,780
120 758 .0069 .150 3,470
140 594 .0040 .191 3,110
170 393 .0018 .265 2,760
200 239 .0008 .352 2,490
300 55 .0001 .750 1,930
Page 71
260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T10)

Comp. B Loading
TABLE 16 TABLE 17
CASUALTIES PERFORATION OF 1/8 .IN. MILD STEEL

Distance Total number number of effective fragment Distance Total number number of effective fragment
from burst of effective effective frog- Weight Velocity from burst of effective effective frog- Weight Velocity
(ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s) (ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz,) (f/s)
r N B M. v r N B m v
40 6,620 .540 .012 2,230 20 6,330 2.070 .020 3,280

50 6,490 .339 .016 1,930 30 6,070 .880 .029 2,880
60 6,300 .228 .021 1,680 40 5,680 .463 .040 2,570
80 5,910 .120 .033 1,340 60 4,830 .175 .066 2,160
100 5,450 .0711 .047 1,130 80 4,010 .0817 .100 1,890
150 4,540 .0263 .076 886 100 3,330 .0434 .149 1,710
200 3,990 .0130 .101 768 150 2,170 .0126 .307 1,340
300 3,230. .0047 .157 616 200 1,580 .0052 .513 1,160
500 2,190 .0011 .301 444 300 999 .0014 .994 967
700 1,620 .0004 .492 348 400 587 .0005 1.55 863
1,000 1,090 .0001 .887 259 600 170 .0001 2.85 742
TABLE 18 TABLE 19.

PERFORATION OF -IN. MILD STEEL PERFORATION OF 1 h-IN. MILD STEEL
r N B m v r N B m v
20 3,330 1.090 .149 3,480 20 868 .283 1.15 3,450

30 3,040 .440 .176 3,240 30 770 .112 1.27 3,330
40 2,640 .216 .225 2,920 40 679 .0554 1.40 3,200
60 2,200 .0798 .300 2,620 60 509 .0185 1.68 2,990
80 1,840 .0375 .400 2,380 80 379 .0077 2.01 2,790
100 1,590 .0207 .515 2,180 100 281 .0037 2.37 2,640
150 1,080 .0063 .890 1,820 120 196 .0018 2.75 2,510
200 685 .0022 1.38 1,600 140 117 .0008 3.16 2,380
250 379 .0008 2.00 1,420 170 43 .0002 3.85 2,230
300 189 .0003 2.75 1,300 200 25 .0001 4.62 2,100
Page 12
500-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M64 OR AN-M64A1

Amatol Loading
TABLE 20 TABLE 21
CASUALTIES PERFORATION OF l/ 8 -IN. MILD STEEL

Distance Total number number of effective fragment Distance Total number number of effective fragment
from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity
(ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s) (Ft.) Fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s)
r N B m v r N B m v
70 16,190 .431 .009 2,570 40 16,190 1.321 .009 4,350

80 15,190 .310 .012 2,230 50 15,190 .793 .012 4,060
100 13,600 .178 .017 1,870 60 13,820 .501 .015 3,770
150 9,600 .0557 .037 1,270 80 12,200 .249 .023 3,150
200 6,300 .0206, .061 990 100 9,840 .128 .036 2,670
250 4,650 .0097 .084 840 150 4,860 .0282 .081 2,020
300 4,000 .0058 .106 750 200 3,110 .0102 .148 1,710
500 2,340 .0012 .214 531 300 1,260 .0018 .37 1,270
700 1,330 .0004 .356 411 400 410 .0003 .68 1,070
1,000 430 .0001 .653 302 600 137 .0001 1.48 873
TABLE 22 TABLE 23
PERFORATION OF /-11N. MILD STEEL PERFORATION 1

OF '/-IN. MILD STEEL
N B m v r N B m v
20 12,450 4.06 .021 7,300 20 1,730 .565 .29 5,840

30 11,330 1.64 .029 6,390 30 1,480 .215 .33 5,550
40 9,590 .782 .038 5,730 40 1,260 .104 .37 5,300
60 6,470 .235 .059 4,800 60 834 .0302 .48 4,770
80 4,730 .0965 .085 4,160 80 486 .0099 .625 4,300
100 3,470 .0488 .114 3,790 100 324 .0042 .81 3,890
150 2,380 .0138 .209 2,990 120 224 .0020 1.09 3,500
200 1,390 .0046 .345 2,510 140 137 .0009 1.44 3,160
300 361 .0005 .735 1,940 170 87 .0004 2.23 2,700
500 100 .0001 2.12 1,400 200 31 .0001 3.14 2,390
Page 13
FRAGMENT DAMAGE PATTERNS

for
Bombs
Page 14
20-LB.' FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M41

CASUALTIES
1-90°
FIGURE 56 .FIGURE 57
Ground Burst Ground Burst
Remaining Velocity 550 f/s Remaining Velocity 640 f/s
Altitude of Release 8,500 Ft. Altitude of Release 20,000 Ft.
At least 1 hit per 1 sq. ft.

Page 15
20-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M41

PERFORATION OF 1/8 -IN. MILD STEEL
FIGURE 58 FIGURE 59
Ground Burst Ground Burst
Remaining Velocity 550 f/s Remaining Velocity 640 f/s
Altitude of Release 8,500 ft. Altitude of Release 20,000 ft.
At least 1 hit per 1 sq. ft,

Page 16
23 -LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M40

CASUALTIES

FIGURE 60
Ground Burst
At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft. Bomb Vertical
Page 1
23-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M40

PERFORATION OF 1/8-IN. MILD STEEL
9001
1 hit
least
per 1 sq. ft. 90IAt

FIGURE 61
Ground Burst
At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft. Bomb Vertical
Page 18
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 62
Ground Burst
Remaining Velocity 760 f/s
Altitude of Release 15,000 ft.
At least I hit per 1 sq. ft.

Page 19
90-LB. 'FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 -(M82)
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 63
Height of Burst 30 ft.
9 o4
I~liiuIlllliIAt
least Ihit per 10 sq. ft.
E~II At least I hit per 25 sq. ft.

Page 80
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 64

90
~III~i1At least I hit per, 25 sq. ft.

GROUND I
0
Page 81
90-LB.. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)
FIGURE 65
Ground Burst
I-90°

Page 82
PERFORATION OF l/ 8 -IN. MILD STEEL
FIGURE 66

9C
At least 1 hit per
At least 1 hit per
ID;
:lfi At least I hit per
Page 83

PERFORATION OF l/8-IN. MILD STEEL
9001
FIGURE 67
At least 1 hit, per 25 sq. ft. Altitude of Release 15,000 ft.
Page 84

At least 1 hit per 4 sq. ft. FIGURE 68

Ground Burst
At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft. Altitude of Release 15,000 ft.
Page 85

At (east 1 hit per 1 sq. ft.
~t( At least 1 hit per 4 sq. ft.

.............. i...ii.,;.i
FIGURE 69
..~
...--.....
... ~
.~
..................
.:. .... ......... Height of Burst 30 ft.
~ ~:.
::::::::;::\:::::::::::; .
""""""""""""'
""""""""""'
'"""""""""':.'::: Remaining Velocity 760 f/s
Page 86
100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M30A1 or AN-M30
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 70
Ground Burst
At least I hit per I sq. ft.

Page 87
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 71

Page 88
100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M3OA1 or AN-M30

CASUALTIES
l1~~1lllll~IIIAt least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft. FIGURE 72

.At1 hit per 25 sq. ft.
least Altitude of Release 17,000 ft.
Page 89
1
PERFORATION OF / 8-IN. MILD STEEL
FIGURE 73
Ground Burst
-90
I U At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft.

Page 90
1
PERFORATION OF / 8 -IN. MILD STEEL
FIGURE 74

900 -90°
' 0M M' ZZOA At least I hit per 4 sq. ft.

Page 91
100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M3OA1, or AN-M30

PERFORATION OF '/8-IN. MILD STEEL
90°1
FIGURE 75
Page 92
PERFORATION OF /4-IN. MILD STEEL
FIGURE 76
Ground Burst
-900
At leasti hit per 1 sq. ft.

Page 93

00

Page 94
260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T1O)
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 78
Ground Burst
900
At least 1 hit per 1 sq. ft..

Page 95
260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (Tb0)
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 79
Height, oF Burst 30 Ft.
Altitude oF Release 20,000 Ft.
- At least I
At least I
At least 1 hit per 10 sq. Ft.

Page 90
260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T1o)
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 80
Height oF Burst 60 ft.

r'##/////////%/# At least 1 hit per4 sq. ft.

Page 91
1
FIGURE 81
Ground Burst
94 -900

Page 90
FIGURE 82
90
At least I hit per I
At least I hit per 4
At least I hit per 1
Ez~I At least I hit per 2

Page 99
260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T1o)
1
PERFORATION. OF /8-IN. MILD STEEL
FIGURE 83

90
At least i hit per 25 sq. ft.

Page 100
FIGURE 84
Ground Burst
1 11 At least I hit per 10 sq. ft.

Page 101


""""""' """"""
""""""""""""
"""""""""""""
""""""''"""~""'
""""""""""""''' Height of Burst 30 Ft.
.
Remaining Velocity 960 F/s
..
At least 1 hit per 25 sq. ft. Altitude of Release 20,000 Ft.
Page 102
260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (1O)
FIGURE 86

90
At least I hit per 10 sq. Ft.
Z 1 At least Ihit per 25 sq. ft.

Page 103

PERFORATION OF /-IN. MILD STEEL
At. least 1 hit per 4 sq. ft. FIGURE 87

Ground Burst
Page 104

PERFORATION OF /-IN. MILD STEEL

0 At least 1 hit per 25 sq. ft. Altitude of Release 20,000 ft.
Page 105
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 89
Ground Burst
94 -900
At least I hit per 1 sq. ft,

Page 106 500-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 90
Height oF Burst 30 Ft.
Altitude oF Release 20,000 Ft.

Page 107
500-LB. G.P. BOMB,AN-M64A1 or AN-M64
CASUALTIES
FIGURE 91

-900
90
1 At least i hit per 25 sq. Ft.

Page 108
1
PERFORATION OF /g-IN. MILD STEEL
FIGURE 92
Ground Burst
900 -900

,i75"1
lzm At least I hit per 10 sq. ft.

GROUND
Page 109
1
FIGURE 93

At least I hit per 1 sq. It.
1 At least I hit per 25 sq. Ft.

Page 110
1
PERFORATION OF / 8-IN. MILD STEEL
FIGURE 94
90°
~ZIIII1At least I hit per 25 sq. ft.

Page 111
FIGURE 95
Ground Burst
-90°
At least I hit
At least I hit

Page 112
FIGURE
Remaining Velocity 990 f/
Altitude of Release 20,0OC ft,
w 1 sq. ft
At least I hit pR
At least I hit pR
,r 10 sq. It.
At least I hit pE
1Ii:I ~fAt least I hit pR

er25 sq. ft. GON
Page 113

Ii i At least
1~h111 1 hit per 10 sq. ft. FIGURE 97
Page 114
FIGURE 98
Ground Burst
Altit'A;e of Release 20,000 ft.
-900

Page 115

IIlllllllllllllllllllllllllliiIiiiill At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft. FIGURE 99

Page 116 Volume I, Part 4
TABLE 24
GENERAL PURPOSE AND LIGHT CASE BOMBS
Weight Class (Lb.) 100 250 500
Model AN-M3OA1 AN-M30 AN-M57A1 AN-M57 AN-M64A1 AN-M64 AN-M43
Total 50-50 Amatol 107.8 107.8 252.0 252.0 512.0 512.0 508.0
Wt. TNT 110.3 111.3 -256.0 256.0 512.0 512.0 514.6
(Lb.) Comp, B - --- 522.9 523.5 --
Explosive 50-50 Amatol 54.3 53.3 120.9 120.9 260.4, 260.4 260.4
Charge TNT 56.8 56.8 124.9 124.9 260.4 260.4 267.0
(Lb.) Comp. B -- - 271.3 271.9
Diameter (In.) 8.18 8.18 10.93 10.93 14.18 14.18 14.18
Length, Total (In.) 38.46 38.46 47.80 47.80 59.16 59.16 59.16
Fuze, Nose AN-M103, AN-M103, AN-M103, AN-M103, AN-M103, AN-M103, r AN-M103,

M103 M103 M103 M103 M103 M103 M103
Fuze, Tail AN-MI OOAi, AN-Mi OOA1, AN-MI OOA1, AN-Mi OOAI, AN-MI 01 Al, AN-MI 01 Al, AN-MI 01 Al,
AN-M100A2 AN-MiOOA2 AN-M100A2 AN-MI 00A2 AN-MIOI A2 AN-MIOI A2 AN-MI11A2
M112, M1I2Ai, M112, Mi12A1, M112, Mii2Ai, M112, MI12A1, M113, MlI3Ai, M113, MII3AI, M113, M1i3AI,
Fuze, Alternate MiI5, M123, M115, M132 M115, M123, M115, M132 M124, M133, M116, M133, M116
M132 M132 M116, AN-Mk. 230
AN-Mkc. 230
Status Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Limited Standard
GENERAL PURPOSE AND LIGHT CASE BOMBS

Weight Class (Lb.) 1,000 2,000 4,000
Model AN-M65A1 AN-M65 AN-M44 AN-M66A1 AN-M66 AN-M34 AN-M56AI AN-M56
Total 50-50 Amatol 997.0 997.0 .994.0 2,052.0 2,052.0 2,049.0 4,232.0 4,201.0
Wt. TNT 1,015.5 1,015.5 1,023.7 2,088.7 2,088.7 2,106.8 4,348.4 4,317.4
(Lb.) Comp. B 1,039.8 1,039.8 - 2,127.3 2,137.3 -- - -
Explosive 50-50 Amatol 528.6 528.6 528.6 1,059.2 1,059.2 1,059.2 3,233.6 3,240.6
Charge TNT 547.1 547.1 558.3 1,095.9 1,095.9 1,117.0 3,350.0 3,357.0
(Lb.) Comp. B 571.4 571.4 - 1,143.5 1,144.5 - -- -
Diameter (In.) 18.80 18.80 18.80 23.29 23.29 23.29 34.25 34.25
Length, Total (In.) 69.50 69.50 69.50 92.83 92.83 92.83 117.25 117.25
M10303,
AN-MI 03, AN-Mi 03, AN-MI 03, AN-MI 03,
Fuze, Nose M10303,
AN-Mi M10303,
AN-Mi AN-Mi M10303,
AN-MI M103 M103 M103 M103
Fuze, Tail AN-Mi 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-Mi 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02 Al,
AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2
M114, _ M114, M1 14, M114, ' M114, M114,
M1l4AI, MII4AI, MiI4A1, MII4AI, MII4AI, M1I14A1,
Fuze, Alternate M117, M134, Mil7, M134, Mil7 Mill, M125, Mill, M134, M117 - -
M125, AN-Mk. 230 M134, AN-Mk. 230
ANM.20A
Standard Limited Standard Limited Standard
Status Standard
-k 3 Limited Standard Limited Standard Standard -Limited Standard
Page 117
TABLE 25
ARMOR-PIERCING BOMBS
Weight Class (Lb.) 600 800 900 1,000 1,400 1,600
Model M62' M61 M60 M52 2 AN-Mk. 33 M63 AN-Mk. I

Exp. "D" 634.0 853.0 889.0 1,078.0 1,008.0 1,412.0 1,590.0
Total Wt. (Lb.) TNT -- - - - 1,012.0 - ,596.0
Exp. "D" 33.61 32.68 43.34 58.35 140.0 35.0 209.0

Explosive Charge (Lb.) TNT - - 144.0 - 215.0
Diameter (In.) 10.365 12.40 12.23 12.25 12.0 14.25 14.0
Length, Total (In.) 62.06 58.72 61.72 70.88 73.0 69.1 83.5
Fuze, Tail AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-Mk. 228 AN-M102A2 AN-Mk. 228
Fuze, Alternate M102 AN-MiO2AI, AN-MO 2AI, AN-MIO2AI, - AN-MIO 2AI -

M102 M102 M102 M102
Status Limited Standard Limited Standard Limited Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard
TABLE 26
SEMI-ARMOR-PIERCING BOMBS
Weight Class (Lb.) 500 1,000
Model AN-M58A2 AN-M58A1 AN-M59A1 AN-M59

50-50 Amatol 499.0 499.5 987.5 987.5 1
M62A1 and M62A2 versions of this bomb
Total Wt. (Lb.) TNT 504.9 505.4 995.85 995.85 contain only minor changes.
50-50 Amatol 144.5 144.5 303.25 303.25 2
M52A1 is only slightly different.
Explosive Charge (Lb.) TNT 150.4 150.4 311.6 311.6 'Incases where G.P. bombs are not available
Diameter (In.) 11.83 11.83 15.125 15.125 these bombs may be fitted with Bomb, Fuze,
Nose, AN-MI03, by removing nose plug
Length, Total (In.) 57.81 57.81 70.375 70.375
and inserting fuze.
Fuze, Nose (3) (3) (3) (3)
Fuze, Tail AN-MI 01 A2 AN-MI01 A2 AN-MI 02A2 AN-M102A2

AN-MI 01 Al, AN-MI 01Al, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02AI,
Fuze, Alternate MI 13, M 1 3, MI 14 Ml14,
MII3AI, MI13AI, M114A1, M114AI,
M116, M124 M116 M117, M125 M117
Status Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard

Page 118
TABLE 27
FRAGMENTATION BOMBS
Weight Class (Lb.) 4 20 20 23 23 23 23 90 260
Model M83 (T11) AN-M41 Al AN-M41 AN-M4OAI AN-M40 M72A1 M72 T9 (M82) AN-M81(TIO)
Total TNT - 19.80 19.80 24.70 24.70 24.60 24.60 86.62 263.0'
Wt.
(Lb.) 50-50 Amatol - 19.67 19.67 24.57 24.57 24.47 24.47 - 264.5'
Explosive TNT 0.47 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 12.32 33.9'
Charge
(Lb.) 50-50 Amatol - 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 - 35.42
Diameter (In.) 3.125 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 6.06 8.125
Length, Total (In.) 3.25 22.24 21.80 29.94 29.50 29.94 29.50 28.00 43.70
Fuze, Nose - AN-M11OAI AN-MIIOAl MI2OAI MI2OAI MI2OAI MI2OAI AN-M103 AN-M103
Fuze, Tail - - - - - - - - AN-MiOOA2
Fuze, Alternate - MilO Milo M120,AN-M104 M120, AN-M104 M120 M120 M103 AN-M OOAI'
Cluster M28, M29 AN-M1 A2 AN-MI Al, Ml AN-M4AI AN-M4 - - - -
Status Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard Standard
'For Ednatol or TNT Loading.

2Comp. B Loading.
'Partially armed 350 turns.
TABLE 28
FRAGMENTATION CLUSTERS
Model AN-MI A2 AN-MI Al Ml AN-M4AI AN-M4 M26 M28 M29
Weight Loaded (Lb.) 125.0 87.2 155.21 415.
Width (In.) 8.8 8.8 10.5 16.09 8.00 13.89
Length (In.) 46.6 46.75 31.0 52.56 47.35 59.37
Bombs, Number 6 6 6 3 3 20 24 90
Bomb, Model 20-lb., AN-M41 Al 20-lb.,AN-M41 20-lb., M41 23-lb., AN-M40Ai 23-lb., AN-M40 20-lb., AN-M41 4-lb., M83 (TI1) 4-lb., M83 (T11)
Cluster Adapter AN-MiA3 AN-MI A2 Ml AN-M3AI AN-M3 1 MI51 Ml61
Status Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
'Bombs released by Fuze, M.T., M11 A2

Page 119
PARTICULARS ON BOMB FUZES
1. AN-MIooA2, AN-MIoIA2, AN-M102A2-These fuzes are all 6. MII2AI, MII3AI, MII4AI-These are all the same except
of the same general design, differing only in the overall length. The for length, which is greater for larger-sized bombs. Their character-
Al modifications of these three fuzes, AN-M100A1, AN-MIO1A1, istics are a cocked firing pin, which makes them supersensitive, a very
and AN-MlO2A1, have a much longer arming air travel (2,000- short arming distance, and interchangeable delays of 4-5, 8-11 or
3,500 ft.) than the A2 modification. The original fuzes, M100, M101, 8-15 sec. Delay allows bombs to be used for "skip" bombing.
and M102 (Army fuzes), were not made AN-Standard as they do
7. M115, M116, M117-These fuzes are similar to the M112,
not have an interchangeable primer detonator, but have a fixed delay
M113, and M114 except for a longer arming distance.
of 0.1 sec. They also have the same long arming air travel as the Al
modification, and are used only in Army bombs. 8. AN-M120-Instantaneous nose fuze with a time-delay arming
.mechanism. Designed to replace the AN-M104.
2. AN-M103-Identical with the Army M103 fuze except for a
shorter arming distance, as shown in the AN-M103 fuze table. 9. M123, M124, M125-These are long-delay tail fuzes issued with
delays of 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 72, and 144 hr.
3. AN-M104-A very sensitive arming-pin type fuze into which
10. AN-M126 and M126A1-These fuzes are similar to the M110
is incorporated a time-delay arming detonator safety.
and AN-MIlOAl respectively but do not contain an integral booster.
4. AN-MII1OAI-A sensitive nose fuze which functions with 11. M132, M133, M134-These are booby trap fuzes similar to
instantaneous action upon impact.
the M123, M124, and M125, except that the delay is for 5 minutes
minimum.
5. MIIO-Arming-vane type for instantaneous action. The Mi10
is similar to the AN-M11OA1, but the latter is of sturdier construc- 12. AN-Mk. 228-Formerly designated Mk. 28 and Mk. 28,
tion and has a reduced arming air travel. Mod. 1. Standard fuze for AP bombs.
Page 120
TABLE 29
IMPACT FUZES
Model AN-MI 00A2 AN-MI 00AI1 AN-MI 01 A2 AN-MIOI Al 1

AN-MI 02A2 AN-MI 02A11 AN-MI 03 AN-Mi 04
Position' Tail Tail Tail Tail Tail Tail Nose Nose-
Delay, (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 0 or 0.1 sec. Instant
Arming Air 4453 890, 5555, 1,1151 465' 9407

Travel (Ft.) 4854 9754 4806 9556 4885 1)22-.5sc
Weight (Lb.) 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.7 1.15
Detonator M14 M14 M14 M14 M14 M14 Integral (M20) Integral
Standard Fuze AN-M30 (G.P.) AN-M43 (G.P.) AN-M44 (G.P.) All AN-Std. G.P. AN-M40 (Frag.)
for Bombs AN-M3OAI (G.P.)' AN-M64 (G.P.) AN-M65 (G.P.) bombs,325-Ib.depth AN-M4OA1 (Frag.)
AN-M57 (G.P.) AN-M64A1 (G.P.) AN-M65A1 (G.P.) bombs, and Frag. M72 (Frog.)
AN-M57AI (G.P.) AN-M58 (S.A.P.) AN-M34 (G.P.) bombs, 90-lb. T9, M72A1 (Frag.)
AN-M81 (TI 0) (Frag.) AN-M58A1 (S.A.P.) AN-M66 (G.P.) (M82),260-lb.,AN-
AN-M58A2 (S.A.P.) AN-M66A1 (G.P.) M81 (TIO)
AN-M59 (S.A.P.)
AN-M59A1 (G.P.) (11)
IMPACT FUZES
Model AN-MII1OAI Milo MII2AI MII3AI MII4AI M115 M116 M117

Position Nose Nose Tail Tail Tail Tail Tail Tail
Delay Instant Instant 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15
sec. sec. sec. sec. sec. sec.
Arming Air 725 2,200 7512 901 807 44512 5558 5657
Travel (Ft.) 80's 806 758 48513 4806 4458
1102 6650
Weight (Lb.) 1.02 .62 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.2
Detonator M13 M13 MI6AI MI6AI MI6AI MI6AI MI6AI Ml6AI
Standard-Fuze AN-M41 (Frog.) AN-M41 AN-M30 (G.P.) AN-M43 (G.P.) AN-M34 (G.P.) AN-M30 (G.P.) AN-M43 (G.P.) AN-M34 (G.P.)
for Bombs AN-M41 Al (Frag.) M47A1 AN -M3OAI (G.P.) AN-M58 (S.A.P.) AN-M44 (G.P.) AN-M3OAI (G.P.) AN-M58 (S.A.P.) AN-M44 (G.P.)
AN-M57 (G.P.) AN-M58A1 (S.A.P.) AN-M59 (S.A.P.) AN-M57 (G.P.) AN-M58A1(S.A.P.) AN-M59 (S.A.P.)
AN-M57AI (G.P.) AN-M58A2 (G.P.) AN-M59A1 (S.A.P.) AN-M57AI(G.P.) AN-M58A2 (G.P.) AN-M59A1 (S.A.P.)
AN-M64 (G.P.) AN-M65 (G.P.) AN-M64 (G.P.) AN-M65 (G.P.)
AN-M64A1 (G.P.) AN-M65A1 (G.P.) AN-M64A1 (G.P.) AN-M65A1 (G.P.)
AN-M66 (G.P.) AN-M66 (G.P.)
AN-M66A1 (G.P.) AN-M66A1 (G.P.)
(Continued)
See Page 121 for Footnotes
Page 121
TABLE 29-Continued TABLE 30

IMPACT FUZES AN-M 103 FUZE
Arming Air Travel (Ft.)
Model AN-MI 20A1 MI 23 MI 24 MI 25 AN-Mk. 228
BOMBS Weight .1-sec.
Position Nose Tail Tail Tail Tail Class Inst. Delay
(Lb.) ___ _ _
Delay Instant 1-144 hr. 1-144 hr. 1-144 hr. 0.08 sec.
AN-M30, AN-M30AI 100 765 510
39018
AN-M57, AN-M57A1 250 940 630
Arming Air 1.75-2.05 sec. 38014 46018 560"9 800-11100
Travel (Ft.) 41 011 40017 37020 AN-M 81 (TI 0) 260 765 -
AN-M43, AN-M64, AN-M64A1 500 1,000 670

Weight (Lb.) 1.1 2.9 3.1 3.4 10.5
AN-M44, AN-M65, AN-M65A1 1,000 1,030 685
Detonator Integral M 19A1 Ml 9A1 M 19A1 Integral AN-M34, AN-M66, AN-M66A1 2,000 1,620 1,080
Standard Fuze AN-M40 (Frog.) AN-M30AI AN-M64A1 AN-M65A1 Mk. I AN-M56, AN-M56A1 4,000 1,030 685
For Bombs AN-M40A1 (Frog.) AN-M57A1 AN-M58A2 AN-M59AI AN-Mk. I
M72 (Frog.) AN-M66A1 AN-Mk. 33
M72A1 (Frog.) TABLE 31
M103 FUZE
BOMBS Weight . .
Class Inst. Delay
(Lb.)
AN-M30, AN-M3OAI 100 1,140 570

AN-M57, AN-M57A1 250 1,410 705
AN-M81 (TIO) 260 1,140
'Partially armed 350 turns. AN-M43, AN-M64, AN-M64A1 500 1,495 750
2AN-MI00A2, AN-MIO1A2, and AN-M102A2 Fuzes use the M14 interchangeable primerdetona- AN-M44, AN-M65, AN-M65A1 1,000 1,535 770
Stor, which is Furnished in four delays: namely, nondelay, 0.01, 0.025, and 0.1 sec.
AN-M34, AN-M66, AN-M66A1 2,000 2,420 1,210
3For Bombs, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30, AN-M30AI, and Frog., 260-lb., AN-M81 (TIO)
4 AN-M56, AN-M56A1 4,000 1,535 770
For Bombs, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57A1, AN-M57.
5For Bombs, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M43, AN-M64, AN-M64A1. 'Partially armed 250 turns.
6
For Bombs, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1, AN-M58A2. TABLE 32
'For Bombs, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M44, AN-M65, AN-M65A1.
8
For Bombs, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59, AN-M59A1. M103 'FUZE
9For Bombs, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M34, AN-M66, AN-M66A1, and 4,000-lb., AN-M56, AN-M56A1
"Arming air-travel distance of the AN-MI03 fuze varies with the delay and type oF bomb. See tables
30, 31, and 32. BOMBS Weight 'sec.
11n an emergency Bombs, 500-lb., 'S.A.P., AN-M58; AN-M58A1, AN-M58A2, and 1,000-lb., Class Inst. .ec.
S.A.P., AN-M59, AN-M59A1, can be fitted with this fuze by removing nose plugs and inserting fuze. (Lb.) Delay
"2For Bombs, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30, AN-M30AI.
AN-M30, AN-M30A1 100 1,710 1,140
'3For Bombs, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57, AN-M57A1.
4 AN-M57, AN-M57AI 250 2,110 1,410
' For Bomb, G.P., 100-Ib., AN-M3OA1.
"For Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57A1. AN-M81 (TiO) 260 1,710 -
"For Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64A1. AN-M43, AN-M64, AN-M64A1 500 2,240 1,495
17For Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58A2. AN-M44, AN-M65, AN-M65A1 1,000 2,300 1,535
"For Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65A1.
AN-M34, AN-M66, AN-M66A1 2,000 3,625 2,420
'9For Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66A1.
"0For Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59A1. AN-M56, AN-M56A1 4,000 2,300 1,535
Page 122
NOTES
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7-Y

c. "STANDARD ARTILLERY AND AMMUNITION AGAINST RE-

Comments, suggested changes, and data relating to field experience

CONTENTS Page SLLU:STRATIONS

T9 (M82)) .. .................................... 31 51. Crater Diameter and Depth-250-lb., G.P., AN-M57 or

AN-M41) ......................................... 42 Mild Steel........................................... 75

40. Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-MB81(T10) ........... 44 Mild Steel................................. 77

The charts on bomb ballistics include the following subjects:

a. Range vs. Altitude of Release.

I. Effect on Range of a 10-m.p.h. Differential Ballistic Wind vs. Altitude of Release.

c. Striking Velocity and Angle of Fall vs. Altitude of Release.

d. Trail vs. Drop.

2. CHARTS OF RANGE VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE

iJ-3SV3131I 3JO 30f01L

00 UL- 3SV313a 30 300hlllV

13-3SV313I :40 30(ULE1d

3. CHARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON RANGE

Effect on Range of a 10 percent Departurefrom Standard Ballistic Density. 3,000...................................1.095

The difference at various altitudes between the actual air density

'13 - 3 SV313 d-i

'3- 3SV313JI dO 3OflillilV

' - 3SV313Ji 3O 3GflLl1V

0Z Wr..L ii,0 ___ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _

'l: - 3SV3138 .40 3afllil1d

' - 3SV3138 -10 3Gf iJ.L1V

4. CHARTS OF STRIKING VELOCITY AND ANGLE OF FALL VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE

Li. __ __ ____. - 3S13'13~i JO 3ft.fl IN

_____ ___ ____ ___

~(0 ___ ____

CLUS TER, FRAGMENTAT ION, 100-LB, AN-M1AI(6-20&LB.AN-M41)

ICLUS TER, FRAGMENTATION, 50Q-LB, T8 (M27)(6 -m9-LBT9(M 82)

----- U-- -5000 LL

BOMB, FRAGMENTATION, 26O- LB., AN -M81(T 10)

10000 AND 25000 FEET

10000 --. 25000

BOMB, G17 10OO- LB., AN-'M30 AND AN-M30A1

BOMB, G.P, 250-LB., AN- M57 AND AN-M 57A

BOMB,G.P, 500-LB.,AN-M64 AND AN- M64A1

BOMB, G.P, 1000 -LB., AN -M65 AND AN-M65A1

B0MB,G.F, 2000-LB., AN- M66AND AN- M66A1

BOMB,DEMOLITION, L.C.,4 000 - LB.,AN-

TRAIL IN FEET FOR RELEASE ALTITUDES

BOMB,S.A.P, 500' LB..AN M 58,AN-M58AI AND AN-M58A2

BOMB, S.AP, 10OOO-LB., AN-M59 AND AN-M59A1

BOMB, A.P, 1600-LB. AN-MK I

--- -1;:- 5000

CRATER TYPES 171

DISTANCE FROM SURFACE OF GROUND TO CENTER OF MASS o)

IL ____ _____: ACAMOUFLETON

ABOVE GROUND BELOW GROUND GRATER TYPES z

GRAVEL mDTAEFRMSFAEO ~ea a,,* ,

DITNEFO UFC FGROUND TO CENTER OF MASS

330 i. ~DEBRIS MOUND 0D

00000ABOVE GROUND BELOW GROUND CRATER TYPES Z Z~

SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS- EARTH DISPLACEMENTS DUE TO UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIONS IN CLAY SOIL

DEFORMATION AND RUPTURE

Bombs will begin to deform at Bombs will rupture at altitudes

3,400 p.s.i. 5,000 p.s.i. 3,400 p.s.i. 5,000 p.s.i.

G.P. 100-lb., AN-M30 or AN-M30AI 1,500 all 7,000 3,000

S.A.P. 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1, or

A.P. (all) No deformation or rupture

3. PENETRATION AND PERFORATION

APPROXIMATE MAXIMUM THICKNESSES OF CONCRETE PERFORATED BY S.A.P. & A.P. BOMBS

0Z Wr..L ii,0 _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _

Li. ____. - 3S13'13~i JO 3ft.fl IN

___ _ __ _

~(0 _ __

IL _: ACAMOUFLETON