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There are 26 species and sub species of hamster which make all belong to a group called rodents.
All hamsters are small animal with little legs, a flat nose and short tail. The hamster tail, ear and
nose should have a covering of fur which decreases as older which is a sign that might want to
slow things down for the hamster. E.g. take running wheel out, condense to a one leveled cage to
help the hamster to have a comfortable old age. An average life span for a hamster is 18 to 36
months although there is record to show that some hamsters have lived a lot longer the most that
is known of is 7 years at present. The hamster¶s body temperature should be on average 37-38
degree Celsius.

The hamster¶s body consists of:

1.? The skeleton

2.? Skull and jaws
3.? Teeth
4.? Spine and tail
5.? Limbs

Sense organs:

1.? Mouth
2.? Eyes
3.? Ears
4.? Nose
5.? Skin
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ºrog has a very interesting anatomy. They have highly specialized structure, such as a long
sticky tongue which they use to capture food. The anatomical structure of the bones in their
upper and hind legs is also highly specialized for jumping and leaping. They also have other
structure, however which appear is useless. Their weak teeth are an example of this.

ºrog breathes through their skin when underwater. Oxygen in the water can pass through their
porous skin and go directly to the blood. They also have a pair of lungs that allow them to
breathe when on land.

ºrogs have a three-chambered heart with two atria and one ventricle. A valve within the heart,
called the spiral valve, directs the flow of blood to prevent oxygenated blood and deoxygenated
blood from mixing. ºrogs have a highly developed sense of hearing. They can detect high-
pitched sound with their ears and low-pitched sound through their skin.

They also have a highly developed sense of sight and smell. ºrogs can detect predators and prey
using their large eyes that protrude from their head. They use their keen sense of smell to detect
chemical signals that help identify potential food.
 
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1.? To observe the main structure of the circulatory system

2.? To study the structure of the brain
3.? To observe the main structure of the excretory system
4.? To observe the main structure of the reproductive system
5.? To examine the animal tissues under light microscope and observe the structure and
organization of the tissues

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1.? Soak some cotton with chloroform and put into a big beaker
2.? Take the hamster and put it into the beaker. Close the beaker with a tile
3.? Wait for the hamster to become unconscious. Once they are unconscious, take the
hamster out from the beaker and placed it in a tray
4.? Pin the hamster on the tray with the abdomen facing upwards. Pin on the legs of the
hamster
5.? Start remove the outer layer of the skin slowly using a blade and scissor
6.? Then remove the inner layer of the skin slowly and gently
7.? Open up the skin then use a pair of scissor to cut the rib cage to observe the lungs and
heart
8.? Cut the alimentary canal and pelvic girdle
9.? Cut the urethra
10.?Pin the bladder, seminal vesicle and rectum
11.?Lay aside the vagina and bladder
12.?Remove the remain of the mesentery and fat to display aorta and posterior vena cava
13.?Observe the beating of heart and remove it
14.?Remove the lungs as well
15.?Cut a small slit between the ears. Continues to slit right down to the snout. Slit down to
the level of the fore limbs
16.?Pull aside the skin using the thumb and forefinger. Observe the brain which ca be seen
through the roof of the skull
17.? Grip the head of the hamster with thumb and forefinger, and support the chin either the
first finger of the left hand . hold the scalpels at the same level with the back of the skull
18.?Observe the exposed part of the cerebellum. With a scalpel, chip away the roof of the
skull. Scrape aside the attached muscles to expose the posterior part of the skull
19.?Chip away the bone until olfactory lobes, cerebral hemispheres and the main part of the
cerebellum are exposed. Remove the dorsal part of the atlas and axis vertebrae to expose
the first part of the spinal cord

20.?Cut the optic nerves. Remove the brain from the head. Grip the piece of the base of the
skull and cut through the occipital bone at the mid ventral line
21.?Remove the fat tissues from the kidney using a blunt forceps. Cut through the ventral
walls of the scrotal sac
22.?Open the scrotal sac to reveal the content. Cut through the pelvic girdle
23.?Remove the kidneys
24.?Hold the clitoris and pull the urethra slowly away from the pelvis. Cut the pelvic girdle
and remove the ventral part
25.?Remove the together ovary with the oviduct
26.?ºor dissection of frogs, use the same procedure
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1.? Yse a lancet to poke into organ that is going to be examine and remove some cells.
2.? Then take the lancet and smear the cells on the lancet on a clean glass slide.
3.? Take a drop of iodine and drop on the cells.
4.? Dry the glass slide over a Bunsen burner.
5.? Wash the glass slide with little water to remove excess iodine .
6.? Put the glass slides under a light microscope and record the observation .
7.? Do the same process to all organs.

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1.? Soak the organs in 90% ethanol.

2.? Take the organ and immerse in NaCL for one minute.
3.? Then, put the organ in a hot ( boiled ) water and take out immediately.
4.? Dry the organ.
5.? Immerse the organs in a formaldehyde solution.
 
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Hamster is made to faint by sniffing chloroform

Pin a little of the skin and make a hole with special scissors. Then cut until the whole stretch of
skin beneath is cut. Then skin the hamster and pin the skin
Inner layer of skin was cut off - a thin plastic like muscle layer which covering the alimentary
system

Cuttingoff the esophagus to separate the digestive organs.

A clear view of the stomach

A pair of kidney
 Removed everything

The end result

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ºROG:
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HAMSTER:
DISCYSSION

1.? Wear gloves when dissecting the hamster and frog.

2.? Do not breathe in chloroform.
3.? Yse a test tube holder and hold the glass slides when drying over a Bunsen burner.
4.? Do not boil the organs over 20 seconds,
5.? Difficult to remove the skins of hamster and frog.
6.? Difficult to clean out the wastes from the intestines .
REºERENCE

1.? www.biologyjunction.com/frog_dissection.htm
2.? Labscience9-seeingintolife.wikispaces.com/file/view/revised+plan.doc
3.? Shuhweirachel .blogspot.com
4.? Biology Dissection Manual ºor ºrog and Hamster