LIRIK-EL-CAL-003

MODIFIKASI SISTEM PENYIMPANAN (GROUNDING

DAN PERBAIKAN FASILITAS STUDY)
OPERASI DI TERMINAL BUATAN-
FIELD LIRIK Page 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. G E N E R A L........................................................................................................3
2. STANDARD & CODE............................................................................................3
3. PRINCIPAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ..........................................................3
4. BASIS CALCULATION.........................................................................................4
5. GROUNDING EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION.....................................................4
6. RESISTANCE TO GROUND SELECTION ..........................................................4
7. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY.......................................................................4
8. RESISTANCE TO GROUND CALCULATION.....................................................5
9. SUMMARY.............................................................................................................6
10. ATTACHMENTS....................................................................................................6

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 LIRIK-EL-CAL-003
MODIFIKASI SISTEM PENYIMPANAN (GROUNDING
DAN PERBAIKAN FASILITAS STUDY)
OPERASI DI TERMINAL BUATAN-
FIELD LIRIK Page 3

1. GENERAL

This document covers the System and Equipment Grounding Study of the Electrical
Power System and Equipment for Terminal Buatan field Lirik Project, PT. Pertamina
region Sumatra.
Purposes of this study are listed below:
− To confirm the requirement of grounding equipment.
− To confirm the value of resistance to ground for the grounding system.
− To confirm whether the grounding system is still within the acceptable limit.
To calculate the grounding system, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding
was utilized.

2. STANDARD & CODE

The following standards and codes are applied in this study:

− ANSI/IEEE std 80-1986 (An American National Standard IEEE Guide for
Safety in AC Substation Grounding)
− IEEE std 81-1962 (IEEE Recommended Guide For Measuring Ground
Resistance and Potential Gradients in the Earth)
− IEEE std 142-1991 (IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial
and Commercial Power Systems)
− NEC Article 250 (National Electrical Code)

3. PRINCIPAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Based on IEEE std 80-1986, a grounding system should be installed in a manner that will
limit the effect of ground potential gradients to such voltage and current levels that will not
endanger the safety of people or equipment under normal and fault conditions, as well as
assure continuity of service. Related definitions are:
- Ground electrode. a conductor imbedded in the earth and used for collecting
ground current from or dissipating ground current into the earth.
- Grounding system. comprises all interconnected grounding facilities in a specific
area
In this project, the proposed system is several ground rods on parallel connection via
insulated conductor.

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 LIRIK-EL-CAL-003
MODIFIKASI SISTEM PENYIMPANAN (GROUNDING
DAN PERBAIKAN FASILITAS STUDY)
OPERASI DI TERMINAL BUATAN-
FIELD LIRIK Page 4

4. BASIS CALCULATION

Following site conditions are the basis of calculation:

Average resistivity of soil ( ρ ) from 2 m to 9 m depth is 30 Ω-m consisting of clay or
clayey and few fine sand.

5. GROUNDING EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION

Based on IEEE std 80-1986, the following grounding equipment specification will be used:
a. Copper clad steel rod grounding electrode ¾” x 4 m
b. Main grounding conductors stranded with PVC insulated size 1/C # 70 Sqmm for
outdoor equipment.
c. Within the loop conductors should be laid in parallel lines and, where practical,
along the structures or rows of equipment, to provide for short ground connections.

6. RESISTANCE TO GROUND SELECTION

Based on IEEE std 80 page 81, an ideal grounding should provide a near zero
resistance to remote earth. For most distribution substation the usually acceptable
range is from 1-5 Ω , depending on the local condition.

The condition to design equipment grounding at Terminal Buatan Field Lirik Area, the
value of total of resistance is equal or lesser than 1 Ω

7. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY
Based on IEEE std 80 page 259, total resistance of a system consisting of a
combination of horizontal (grid with PVC insulated cooper) and vertical (rods)
electrodes is lower than the resistance of either component alone, but equal of their
parallel combination.

The total resistance is:

1 ρ ⎛ 2l ⎞ 1 ρ ⎛ 4l ⎞
R= • log e⎜ ⎟ or R= • ⎜ ln − 1⎟
n 2π l ⎝a⎠ n 2π l ⎝ a ⎠

Where

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 LIRIK-EL-CAL-003
MODIFIKASI SISTEM PENYIMPANAN (GROUNDING
DAN PERBAIKAN FASILITAS STUDY)
OPERASI DI TERMINAL BUATAN-
FIELD LIRIK Page 5

R = resistance to ground in Ω
n = number of ground rods
l = average length of a ground rods in m
a = a half of diameter of ground rods in m

8. RESISTANCE TO GROUND CALCULATION

Cable selected : 1C # 70 Sqmm cooper stranded with PVC insulated

Ground rod and soil data:
- ρ : 30 Ω -m
- l : 13.12 feet = 4 m
- a : 0.5 x 0.75 inches = 0.009525 m

Check the requirement of ground rod (n):

1 ρ ⎛ 4l ⎞
R= • ⎜ ln − 1⎟
n 2π l ⎝ a ⎠

Table-1 (Ground well calculation)

l (m) l (ft) n ρ (Ωm) R (Ω) Total rods (ea)

4 13.12 1 30 8.86 1
4 13.12 2 30 4.43 2
4 13.12 3 30 2.95 3
4 13.12 4 30 2.21 4
4 13.12 5 30 1.77 5
4 13.12 6 30 1.47 6
4 13.12 7 30 1.26 7
4 13.12 8 30 1.10 8
4 13.12 9 30 0.98 9
4 13.12 10 30 0.88 10

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 LIRIK-EL-CAL-003
MODIFIKASI SISTEM PENYIMPANAN (GROUNDING
DAN PERBAIKAN FASILITAS STUDY)
OPERASI DI TERMINAL BUATAN-
FIELD LIRIK Page 6

9. SUMMARY

Based on the calculation in section 8, the summary is listed below:

Place Requirement Used

Rod length Resistance to Ground Rod length Resistance to
ground ( Ω ) rod/well ground ( Ω )
(m) (m)
Equipment 4 1 9 ea 4 0.98
grounding

• As per grounding specification (page 9 of 11) point 3.6.3 that combined

grounding resistance value shall be less than 1 Ohm.
• Ground rod/well must be at least 9 ea

10. ATTACHMENTS

; Attachment-1 (IEEE std 80-1986 page 49-53 : Principal Design of Grounding

System)
; Attachment-2 (IEEE std 80-1986 page 255-260 : The Parallel Rods formula)

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