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(A) New emerging diseases causes more deaths of human than animal.
(C) Hygiene and management can not control the spread of viruses.
(D) The current bird flu epidemic may be a launch pad for the next influenza pandemic.
(A) The BT2 spread from a pig to another pig, and thus causes significant disease in pig.
(B) The AIDS viruses transferred from monkeys to man and spread across the world.
(C) The SARS virus originates from some wildlife and is picked up by civet cats from which
humans got it.
(D) Nipah virus circulates in the blood of infected pig, which is bitten by Culex mosquitoes, the
virus replicates in the mosquito's gut. The next time the mosquito bites a human, the virus is
passed on.
(B) Pig is the pot in which viruses swap genes and become new, deadly germs.
(D) New germs come to the body of pig and reside there.
Indian firms have achieved the highest levels of efficiency in the world software outsourcing
industry. Some researchers have assumed that Indian firms use the same programming languages
and techniques as Chinese firms but have benefited from their familiarity with English, the
language used to write software code. However, if this were true, then one would expect software
vendors in Hong Kong, where most people speak English, to perform not worse than do Indian
vendors. However, this is obviously not the case.
Other researchers link high Indian productivity to higher levels of human resource investment
per engineer. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. When the two top Indian
vendors matched and then doubled Chinese productivity levels in the mid-eighties, human
resource investment per employee was comparable to that of Chinese vendors. Furthermore, by
the late eighties, the amount of fixed assets required to develop one software package was
roughly equivalent in India and in the China. Since human resource investment was not higher in
India, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.
A more fruitful explanation may lie with Indian strategic approach in outsourcing. Indian
software vendors did not simply seek outsourced contract more effectively: they made aggressive
strategic in outsourcing. For instance, most software firms of India were initially set up to
outsource the contract in western countries, such as United States. By contrary, most Chinese
firms seem to position their business in China, a promising yet under-developed market.
However, rampant piracy in China took almost 90 percents of potential market, making it
impossible for most Chinese firms to obtain sufficient compensation for the investment on
development and research, let alone thrive in competitive environment.
5. Which of the following statements concerning the productivity levels of engineers can be
inferred from the passage?
(A) Prior to the 1980's, the productivity levels of the top Indian software firms were exceeded by
those of Chinese software firms.
(B) The official language of a country has a large effect on the productivity levels of its software
developers.
(C) During the late 1980's and early 1990's, productivity levels were comparable in China and
India.
(D) The greater the number of engineers that a software firm has, the higher a firm's productivity
level.
(E) The amount of human resource investment made by software developers in their firms
determines the level of productivity.
6. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(C) illustrate various ways in which a type of business strategy could fail to enhance revenues
(D) trace the general problems of a company to a certain type of business strategy
(E) criticize the way in which managers tend to analyze the costs and benefits of business
strategies
7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
(A) Their productivity levels did not equal those of Chinese software engineers until the late
eighties.
(B) Their high efficiency levels are a direct result of English language familiarity.
(E) They develop more packages of software than do those in Chinese developers.
GRE Analogy
1. TELESCOPE : ASTRONOMER ::
(A) picture : artist
(B) environment : ecologist
(C) element : chemist
(D) brush : painter
(E) movie : director
2. MATRIX : NUMBER ::
(A) gas : molecule
(B) snow : precipitation
(C) act : opera
(D) school : fish
(E) crystal : atom
3. HORSE : MARE ::
(A) cat : kitten
(B) human : woman
(C) bull : cow
(D) child : adult
(E) animal : pig
4. MARTIAL : MILITARY ::
(A) mysterious : runic
(B) tortuous : straightforward
(C) objective : subjective
(D) clear : complicated
(E) imprudent : damaged
5. HEADSTRONG : WILLFULNESS ::
(A) engrossing : obliviousness
(B) fawning : subservience
(C) venerable : renown
(D) bold : tip
(E) critical : confidence
6. SIMULTANEOUS : COINCIDE ::
(A) gracious : significance
(B) fast : acceleration
(C) lavish : squander
(D) intriguing : project
(E) provocative : tradition
7. INVINCIBLE : SUBDUED ::
(A) impervious : damaged
(B) persuasive : convinced
(C) impossible : taken
(D) invisible : overlooked
(E) despicable : contented
GRE Antonym
1. PROFOUND
(A) superficial
(B) precipitous
(C) deep
(D) tarnished
(E) innocuous
2. ARBITRARY
A. democratic
B. tyrannous
C. overbearing
D. halcyon
E. responsive
3. ABSTRUSE
A. sagacious
B. superficial
C. contented
D. rational
E. subjective
4. TRANQUIL
A. diminished
B. calm
C. edgy
D. unobstructed
E. astonishing
5. IMPUDENCE
A. insolence
B. preposterous
C. imaginative
D. decorum
E. gratuitous
6. INVIGORATE
A. inveigle
B. incapacitate
C. activate
D. exonerate
E. enervate
7. COMPENDIOUS
A. lengthy
B. laconic
C. hypocritical
D. pliant
E. fruitful
8. COMPLIMENT
A. praise
B. affront
C. agitate
D. approbate
E. masticate
9. INCONSTANCY
A. changefulness
B. compression
C. integrity
D. variation
E. parallelism
Sentence Completion
1. Unlike birds that simply spread viruses from an animal to another animal, pigs are the "----
vessel" where viruses swap genes and become----, deadly germs.
(A) comprehensive.. small
(B) complicated.. general
(C) frustrated.. important
(D) mixing.. new
(E) lethal.. big
The word "unlike" suggests that pigs do not simply spread viruses from an animal to another
animal. Rather, inside pigs, viruses swap genes. Choice D really makes sense. A place where
viruses swap genes is a "mixing vessel", and thus generate "new" germs.
2. Ancient cities were----destroyed, but archeologists have found sufficient information to
demonstrate an occasionally----but generally complete picture in Tan Era.
(A) mostly.. fragmentary
(B) obviously.. necessary
(C) unwittingly.. whole
(D) partially.. famous
(E) fully.. necessary
The first missing word describes how ancient cities were destroyed. The phrase "sufficient
information" indicates that not all destroyed, and the word "but" indicates that the cities were
destroyed in a way that would not lead you to find sufficient information. The second missing
word describes a picture in Tan Era. The word "but" suggests that the word that fills the second
blank must contrast with the idea of full. Therefore, the best answer is A, which describes the
ancient cities as mostly destroyed.
3. Since the primary criterion to evaluate a company is its current performance, analysts ------ to
consider its previous credit.
(A) refused
(B) wished
(C) planned
(D) extended
(E) caused
The word "since" indicates a cause-effect relation between the first part of sentence and the
second part. Therefore, the word that fills the blank should be "not" to consider its previous
credit. Choice A, which clearly states redundancy (refused), is the best answer.
4. According to Maslow's theory of need hierarchy, material is the ---- demand of human beings,
in that it provides the founding floor from which the other demands are generated.
(A) essential
(B) basic
(C) final
(D) cheap
(E) emotional
The phrase "in that" suggests that the cause before "in that" should be similar in meaning to that
after "in that". Thus, the word that fills in the blank must be a synonym to "founding". B is the
best answer. The word "basic" means the same as "founding".
5. To be a true leader, a manager must not be too----: any effective leader depends on the ability
of other people to----with each other.
(A) popular.. agree
(B) adventurous ..communicate
(C) independent.. cooperate
(D) self-confident.. argue
(E) pragmatic.. disagree
The first missing word describes a characteristic that a manager with leadership ability (a leader)
can have, but cannot have in excess. The second missing word indicates what followers must be
able to do with each other if the leader is to be effective. The colon (:) indicates that the second
part of the sentence explains or amplifies what is said in the first part. Therefore, whatever
characteristic the leader has must enable others to do with each other. C is the best answer. If a
manager were too "independent", it would be difficult for the leader's followers to "cooperate"
with each other.
6. It is not surprising that superior service can generate competitive advantage for a company, but
the effort taken to improve service can often be -----------.
(A) difficult
(B) expected
(C) diversified
(D) unpredictable
(E) promising
The missing word describes how the effort would be to improve service and the word "but"
suggests that the word fills the blank must contrast with the idea of "not surprising". Therefore, D
is the best answer.
(A) New emerging diseases causes more deaths of human than animal.
(C) Hygiene and management can not control the spread of viruses.
(D) The current bird flu epidemic may be a launch pad for the next influenza pandemic.
(A) What causes the Nipah virus and Japanese Encephalitis virus to happen?
This question asks you to find a title for the passage. In other word, it requires you to identify the
primary concern of the passage as a whole. The first paragraph presents a recent virus. The
second and third paragraphs describe similar influenza pandemics in history. The fourth
paragraph concludes who should be responsible for the spread of virus and what human can do to
control. The last paragraph indicates that people stimulated rather than inhibited its
promulgation. We can thus conclude the current virus will also leap to human. Furthermore, the
passage as a whole is to "ring alarm bells". Therefore, C is the best answer.
3. All of the following situations are similar to the spread of avian flu virus described in the first
paragraph EXCEPT:
(A) The BT2 spread from a pig to another pig, and thus causes significant disease in pig.
(B) The AIDS viruses transferred from monkeys to man and spread across the world.
(C) The SARS virus originates from some wildlife and is picked up by civet cats from which
humans got it.
(D) Nipah virus circulates in the blood of infected pig, which is bitten by Culex mosquitoes, the
virus replicates in the mosquito's gut. The next time the mosquito bites a human, the virus is
passed on.
The question requires you to recognize a situation that is not similar to the spear of avian flu.
Before considering following answer choices, we fist define its rationale. It is something like
this: Avian flu virus picked up by pigs and is transferred to human. All of the situations described
in the answer choices are similar to it ex that in choice A (from animal to animal). Therefore, A is
the best answer.
4. What does the author mean by describing the pig as "mixing vessel"?
(B) Pig is the pot in which viruses swap genes and become new, deadly germs.
(D) New germs come to the body of pig and reside there.
Indian firms have achieved the highest levels of efficiency in the world software outsourcing
industry. Some researchers have assumed that Indian firms use the same programming languages
and techniques as Chinese firms but have benefited from their familiarity with English, the
language used to write software code. However, if this were true, then one would expect software
vendors in Hong Kong, where most people speak English, to perform not worse than do Indian
vendors. However, this is obviously not the case.
Other researchers link high Indian productivity to higher levels of human resource investment
per engineer. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. When the two top Indian
vendors matched and then doubled Chinese productivity levels in the mid-eighties, human
resource investment per employee was comparable to that of Chinese vendors. Furthermore, by
the late eighties, the amount of fixed assets required to develop one software package was
roughly equivalent in India and in the China. Since human resource investment was not higher in
India, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.
A more fruitful explanation may lie with Indian strategic approach in outsourcing. Indian
software vendors did not simply seek outsourced contract more effectively: they made aggressive
strategic in outsourcing. For instance, most software firms of India were initially set up to
outsource the contract in western countries, such as United States. By contrary, most Chinese
firms seem to position their business in China, a promising yet under-developed market.
However, rampant piracy in China took almost 90 percents of potential market, making it
impossible for most Chinese firms to obtain sufficient compensation for the investment on
development and research, let alone thrive in competitive environment.
5. Which of the following statements concerning the productivity levels of engineers can be
inferred from the passage?
(A) Prior to the 1980's, the productivity levels of the top Indian software firms were exceeded by
those of Chinese software firms.
(B) The official language of a country has a large effect on the productivity levels of its software
developers.
(C) During the late 1980's and early 1990's, productivity levels were comparable in China and
India.
(D) The greater the number of engineers that a software firm has, the higher a firm's productivity
level.
(E) The amount of human resource investment made by software developers in their firms
determines the level of productivity.
If you do not refer to the original passage, you may pick up B. For test-takers who have some
backgrounds in computer, it is obvious that being familiar with English will gain some advantage
in writing program code. However, the correct answer is C.
(C) illustrate various ways in which a type of business strategy could fail to enhance revenues
(D) trace the general problems of a company to a certain type of business strategy
(E) criticize the way in which managers tend to analyze the costs and benefits of business
strategies
This question asks you to summarize the passage's central idea. Which of the five choices is
correct? Based on the verbs initiating the five choices, you can eliminate three of them:
(A) incorrect. To contrast is to compare several things, but not to agree or disagree.
Choice E began with argumental word criticize, but isn't the correct choice because it addresses
the detail. Therefore, B is the right answer: to argue that superior service does not generate
competitive advantage is to suggest more careful evaluation of a type of business strategy (price
reduction).
7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
(A) Their productivity levels did not equal those of Chinese software engineers until the late
eighties.
(B) Their high efficiency levels are a direct result of English language familiarity.
(E) They develop more packages of software than do those in Chinese developers.
In the middle of the last paragraph, the author states that "For instance, most software firms of
India were initially set up to outsource the contract in western countries, such as United
States." Thus, the best answer is D.