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become
encephali<s
Clostridium
botulinum:
a
gram
posi<ve
bacteria
with
nega<ve
effects
on
the
brain
‐ Commonly
causes
mild
symptoms
(e.g.
–
blisters,
cold
sores,
or
fever
blisters
on
the
lips,
eyes,
or
nose)
but
is
capable
of
travelling
to
the
brain
‐ Gram
+,
rod
shaped,
obligate
anaerobe
(although
in
the
presence
of
and
causing
encephali<s
the
enzyme
superoxide
dismutase,
this
microorganism
can
deal
with
‐ Encephali<s:
condi<on
of
inflamma<on
of
the
brain
slight
O2
exposure)
due
to
infec<on
‐ Notorious
for
its
produc<on
of
7
specific
neurotoxins
(types
A‐G)
‐ Although
HSV‐1
is
a
commonly
occurring
virus,
it
rarely
induces
‐ Neurotoxins
cause
paralysis
of
neuromusculature
of
encephali<s
(2
cases
per
million
documented
in
the
U.S.)
the
brain
(only
A,
B,
E,
and
F
cause
disease
in
‐ Symptoms
of
encephali<s
ini<ally
include
fever,
sore
throat,
headache,
humans,
only
~1
microgram
is
lethal
to
humans)
vomi<ng,
runny
nose,
and
s<ff
neck
but
can
progress
to
paralysis,
‐ Neurotoxins
act
to
block
nerve
func<on
at
a
hallucina<ons,
convulsions,
or
even
coma
molecular
level
‐ HSV‐1
is
not
removed
by
the
immune
system,
but
produces
specific
‐ Commonly
located
in
the
soil
an<bodies
that
prevent
further
infec<on
at
different
sites
‐ Forms
ovoid,
subterminal
endospores
‐ Upon
primary
infec<on
HSV‐1
aMacks
the
neuronal
cell
body
and
‐ In
the
laboratory:
lipase
nega<ve,
and
commonly
isolated
in
TSC
con<nues
to
be
latent
in
ganglia
media
(tryptose
sulfite
cycloserine)
and
anarobic
chamber
‐ Herpe<c
brain
infec<on
is
believed
to
be
a
result
of
retrograde
‐ Causa<ve
agent
of
botulism,
symptoms
include:
Abdominal
cramps,
transmission
of
HSV‐1
from
peripheral
infec<on
site
(usually
on
the
face)
respiratory
failure,
difficulty
swallowing/speaking,
nausea,
double
vision,
and
paralysis
Toxoplasma
gondii:
pesky
parasites
the
Listeria
monocytogenes:
unlocking
the
hysteria
brain
wouldn’t
miss
behind
listeria
‐ Gram
posi<ve,
rod
shaped,
faculta<ve
anaerobe
‐ T.Gondii
is
a
parasi<c
protozoa
n
member
of
the
‐ Non
spore
forming
bacteria
in
the
Clostridium
sub‐branch
Toxoplasma
genus
‐ In
the
laboratory:
catalase
posi<ve,
oxidse
nega<ve,
capable
of
beta
‐ Felines
act
as
defini<ve
host,
humans
act
as
intermediate
hemolysin
produc<on
responsible
for
lysing
RBC’s
host
‐ Mo<lity:
employs
flagella
and
ac<n
rockets
(move
via
polymeriza<on
of
‐ Causa<ve
agent
of
Toxoplasmosis
,
symptoms
of
acute
ac<n
filaments,
aka
comet
tails)
toxoplasmosis
include:
swollen
lymph
nodes,
achey
muscles,
‐ Causa<ve
agent
of
listeriosis,
which
can
delineate
to
sep<cemia,
and
in
the
severely
immunocompromised,
encephali<s
and
meningits,
encephali<s,
and
pneumonia
necro<zing
re<nochoroidi<s
‐ Symptoms
include
gastrointes<nal
distress,
fever,
and
other
flu‐like
‐ Transmission
via
inges<on
of
cat
feces
harboring
the
virus,
symptoms
or
ea<ng
par<ally
cooked
meat
(pork,
lamb,
venison,
cat)
‐ Found
in
unpasteurized
milk
and
dairy
products
(e.g.‐
so_
cheeses)
that
contains
the
parasite
‐ Upon
entering
the
host
macrophages,
monocytes,
or
leukocytes
it
is
‐
Researchers
have
found
reason
to
believe
that
Toxoplasma
sep<c
and
can
proliferate
in
the
bloodstream.
Access
to
the
brain
is
gondii
could
cause
(or
induce)
schizophrenia
(note
a
gained
via
invasion
of
phagocy<c
cells
causa<ve
rela<onship
can
not
be
confirmed)
Works
Cited:
C.
botulinum:
hMp://www.medscape.com/viewar<cle/405662_3
HSV‐1:
hMp://pedsinreview.aappublica<ons.org/cgi/content/extract/30/4/119
T.
gondii:
hMp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar<cle/pii/S014067360416412X
L.
monocytogenes:
hMp://www.sochinf.cl/documentos/infectologia/listeria.pdf
Brain
intro:
hMp://www.fron<ersin.org/human_neuroscience/10.3389/neuro.09.031.2009/full