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e2
i. The electrical potential energy, E p … (1)
4o r
e2 mv 2
ii. For circular motion, .
4o r 2 r
1 e2
The kinetic energy of the electron, Ek … (2)
2 4o r
e2
iii. The total energy of the electron, ET E p Ek … (3)
8o r
Comments:
1
2. ET .
r
a. This means that the closer the electron is to the proton, the
lower is its total energy (more stable).
i. Bohr’s postulate:
h
Angular momentum of electron, L n … (4)
2
where n is a positive integer, and L mvr .
h
ii. de-Broglie’s equation: ,p … (5)
where p is the linear momentum of a particle, is the associated
wavelength of the particle.
r
2
2 2 2 nh
iv. From (7), m v n rn . Substitution of (2) gives:
2
h 2 4
rn n 2 o , and ET 1 e m .
2 n 2 8o 2h 2
e m
Comments:
1
1. From (iv), it can be seen that rn n 2 and ET . Since n is
n2
discrete (n = 1, 2, 3, …), this means that the orbital radius and total
energy can only take on certain allowed values. They are therefore
said to be quantized.
2. When n = 1,
r1 12
8 . 85 10 12
6 . 63 10
34 2
5.3 10
11
m,
2
1.6 10 19 9.1 10 31
1
E1
4
1.6 10 19 9.1 10 31
13.53 eV
2
1 8 8.85 10
12 2
6.63 10 34 2
The observed value of E1 is – 13.6 eV.
h
2. de-Broglie’s relation: p p – momentum of particle, -
associated wavelength
mo
The equation is: m
2
v
1
c