Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

1.1 (a)Relations

Relation between 2 sets can be represented by:

(a) Arrow diagram (b) Order pairs (c) Graph

Example 1:

A relation from Set A={ 12, 14, 23, 25, 43} to Set B={3, 5, 7} is defined by ‘sum of
digit is’. Draw the (a) Arrow diagram (b) Order pairs (c) Graph to show the relation.

(a)Arrow diagram (b)Order pairs (c)Graph

1.1 (b) Domain, Codomain, Objects, Images, and Range

Set A ‘Factor(s) of Set B

16 . .4 Domain:

36. .7 Codomain:

49. .8 Range:

64. .11 Object:

Image:

#Object of 7:

#Images of 16:

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

1.1 (c)Types of relations

1 to 1 relation 1 to many relation Many to 1 Many to many

relation relation

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

SPM 2003 P1

1. The following ordered pairs represents the relation ‘is divisible by’ from Set A= { 12,
15, 35} to Set B= { 3, 5, 7}

{ (12, 3), (15, 3), (15, 5), (35, 5), (35, 7)}

Determine

(a) Images of 15 (b) objects of 5

(c) The type of relation (d) Do the relations is a

function? Why?

1.2 (a) Functions:

Functions (a) 1 to 1 Relation (i) each object only have 1 image

(b) many to 1 relation (ii) not necessary all element of codomain

are image

If a function links x to 2x – 5 , by using

function notation, it is written as

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

Popular question: (a) the value of x such that the function is undefined →the
denominator of f(x) = 0

(b) f(x) defined for all values of x, except x=t →the denominator of f(x) =
0

(c) the value t is mapped onto itself under f → f(t)=t

Example 2: Given the function f(x)= x2 – 4x – 1 , find

(a) the image of 2 (b) the object that have the image 4 (c)the value of t when f(t) = -1

Example 3: The arrow diagram below shows the function

f
X

-3 -3

-4 -5

(a) Find the value of a and of b.

# (b) state the value of x such that the function is undefined.

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

SPM 2000 P1

Example: 4. A function f is defined by for all values of x, except x= P and k is

a constant.

(a) State the value of p. (b) Given that the value 5 is mapped onto itself under f,
find

(i) the value of k (ii) another value of x that is mapped

onto itself.

Exercise 4:

1. Given the functions f : x →x 2 and g : x →12 − 4 x , find

(a) the image of 3 that is mapped by f .

(b) the values of x if f(x) = x,
(c) the values of y if f(y) = g(y). (9, x = 0, 1
; y = 6, -2)

2. Given that and , find

(a) the value of a and of b, (b) the value of x such that the function f is
undefined.

(a=10, b=5, x=5)

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

3. The arrow diagram below shows the function

f (a) Find the value of a and of b.
X
(b) state the value of x such that the function is undefined.
-1 7
(c) the object that has the image 7, apart from x=2 (a=3,
2 -5 b=2, 0, 1/3)

4. Given that , g(1) = - 3, and g( -2) =3, find

(a) the value of a and of b (b)the value of n if g(n2 + 1)= 5n – 6 (a= -

1, b= -2, n= ½ or -3)

5. A function f is defined by . Find

(a) the object that has the image 5 (b) the object that is mapped onto itself.
( )

6. A function f is defined by . the values 3 and 5 are mapped onto

themselves under f.

(a) find the value of a and of b. (b) State the value of x such that the function f is
undefined.

(a=15, b=8, x=8)

1.2 (b) Absolute Value Functions

x , if x≥ 0 Example:
Absolute value of x → ‘the modulus of x’ lxl=
-x , if < 0

Example 5: Given the function f : x → l 4x – 5 l , find

(a) the image of ( i) -1 (ii) 4 (b) the object that have the image 3.

(c) sketch graph of f : x → l 4x – 5 l for the domain -2≤ x ≤ 2. State the range of
values f(x).

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

Exercise 5:

4. Sketch the graph of the function f(x)= l 2x – 3 l for the domain -1 ≤ x ≤ 4. State the
range of values f(x). ( 0≤ y ≤ 5)

5. Sketch the graph of y= l 3 – x l for the domain -1 ≤ x ≤ 5. State the range of values y.
( 0≤ y ≤ 4)

6. Figures shows a graph for y= l 2x – 6 l. state the coordinate of point P and point Q.
(P( 3, 0), Q( 0, 6))
y
y= l 2x – 6 l

x
0 P

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

1.3 (a) Composite functions

gf(x) → compsite function of f followed by g which maps set A onto set c.

Set A Set B Set C

f f g g [f ( x)] =
x
( x) gf( x)

gf
Rule : (i) (ii) (iii)

Example 6: Given that f : x →3 −2 x and g : x →x 2 , find

(a) gf(4) (b) fg(-3)

(c) gf (d) do gf = fg ?

2
(e) f (f) g2

(g) the values of x if gf (x) = 0

Example 7: Given the function . find the expression for each of the
following functions:

(a) f2 (b) f8 (c) f9

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

Exercise 6:

1. Given the functions and , find the expression for

(a) fg (b)g2 (c)g6 (c)g7 (

2. The function f and g are defined by and respectively.

If the composite function gf is given by , find

(a) the value of p and q. (b) the value of g2(0)

(p=3,q=2,14)

3. The function f and f2 are such that and

(a) find the values of h and the corresponding values of k.

(b) considering h >0, find the values of x such that f(x2)= 8x.

(h=3,k=4; h=-3, k= -8 ; x=2/3 or 2)

1.3 (b) find the related function given the composite function and one of the
functions

(a) find inside’s function (b) find outside’s function

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen
Given that f(x)= 2x +4 and fg(x) = 3x – Given that f(x)= x – 2 and ,
8 , find g(x)
find g(x).

Example 8: SPM 2002

Given the function f(x)= hx + k , g(x) = (x + 1)2 +2 and fg(x) = 2( x + 1)2 + 1, find

(a) g2(2) (b) the value of h and of k

Exercise 7:

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

Revision:Express x in term of y:

(a) If y = 5 + 6x , then x = 1
(b) If y = 4 – x , then x =
2

1 x +1
(c) If y = , then x = (d) If y = , then x =
3x − 2 4x −2

1.4 (a) Inverse function

–1
If f (x) = y, then x = f (y)

Rule: (i) (ii)

(ii) (iv)

Example 9: Given the function , find the value of f –1

(3).

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

Example 10: Find the inverse function of the following:

(a) f(x) = 3x + 5 (b)

Example 12: SPM 2000

Given that find (a) g(x) in terms of k

Exercise 8:

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen

1.4 (b) mapping that involving inverse function.

(i)
f g
x y z

(ii)

f g
x y z

(iii)
f g
x y z

(iv)

f g
x y z

Example 11: SPM 2005 The diagram shows the representation of the maping of y onto x
by the function and the mapping of y onto z by the
x y Z
function . Find (a) the value of p and of q
g
f 10
1 3/2 (b)the function that maps x onto y

(c) the function that maps x onto z.

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Form 4 chapter 1: function Chen Chiu Wen
x
Example 13: Given the function f : x → 2 x − 1 and g : x → − 2 , find f – 1 g(x) ,
3

Exercise 9:

1.. Given that , find the g(x) (

SPM 2000/ SPM 2001

2. Given the function , find (f2)- 1 in the same form. (

)

(Hint: refer rule of inverse function)

SPM 2001

3. Given that and g(x) = 3 – x , find

(a) the value of m if

(b) the value of k if ff-1 (k2 – 7 ) = g [ (k + 2)2]. (m=3, k=-3

or 1)

(Hint: refer rule of inverse function)

4. P = { 1, 2, 3} Q = {2, 4, 6, 7, 10}

A relation from P into Q is defined by the set of ordered pairs

{ (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 7) }.
State

(a) the image of 1, (b) the object of 4, (c) the domain,

(d) the codomain, (e)the range, (f)the type of relation

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