What d,o you know about ASI

Consider th,isa refr,esner quiz. :if you're an old I'IClnd at electricity, and if you're new at ,the gom'e, maybe you'll' pick up a c.rumb or two about watts, amperes and 11'01'5. Regardless of yourneval dvia.tion ba.ckgro'Und. NANews invites yo,u to have a try, then see answers on p.. 30.

EL_

(TRICllY?

The power eon.Llmed in watb equilis -

I. Volts + amperel 2. Volts ;. amperes

3. Volts - IImpers,. 4. Volh .. ampere"

When starling,

lhe initial mllgneUc field

ulu~II)I' eemes Irom-

I. A primal)' cell
2. Residual ma9"eiism

3. AU)lilil!ll)' permanent 4. Induced current.

magneh

1. _
2

4, .. _
5 .6,. •••••••••

.
.

3.

I •
to general opinion, bomb rlispusnl is not a dangerous job-if it is done in the .right wayl
O ITRARY

Many Lives Are Saved

by

Bomb

A N(l\'Y lieutenant and two Amlnlliull helpers were sutQ]noned recently to dig up three time bombs plnoted in

Disposal Crews Diggingl up Duds

at Navy's Advanced Aerial Bases.

tl hris and s<.'r,p iron oyer II wide area, Bomb disposal officer. who are traine 3 at a special ehool in WashingtIm. put their claim in with the M~es (lilt! Seabees fur the hOIJOT of being the
f1tst ashore wben Invasions land. As soon a.~ the Navy takes over an atrField tbe disposal officer and his crew go over It with magnetic mine detectors

New Guinea air1ie!tl just captured lrom the Taps. The bomb disposal of~ Ileer had no wa of knowing hox soon the deadly things were set lo '0 off, but his jc U was tv neutrallz: them so tbnl the field could be used. b Navy planes. The three rnen ciliose the:: middle nne of the Ihrs bombs and started Cu dig: it up, While they were sbovtlling aWlily the other two blew up, sClttte;titlg
• l

bayonets to locale duds and planted death traps. Prou,uhly the worst things they have to deal with are the Cerman "butterfly" bombs, They .~{eslightly larger than grenades and are sown by the hundreds from Nazi planes, The bad part is that some ha e impact fuses, same tim fuses and some antf-disturbanee fuses which set off the bomb soon after n sUght jar. The Oermans spray these "butieJ;flies" over the battle area from planes, droppmg them from thin metal "contatner bombs" wl,iob burst and scatter the Uttle twits. These fall slowly, their yellow metal wings acting as drags,
OT

TRAINED CREWS CLEAR AIR BASES TO PROTECT NAVY FLIERS, PLANES

A NO·t:I3Ef, odd but eHective enemy £l..bomb w wed by the [aps at Cuadalcanal. It eonsisted of a call bag filled With several handfuls of explosive, with four .smalilnagnets ut the corners. Jap snipers would sneak through the jungle at night and slap the device on the underside of American planes and aetach a string to some twig Or peg. A pull on the string would set The JilPS and ermaus always leave their abandoned nirflelds Ilberally strewn with booby traps, land mines and ather choice Hems 10 clelay lhNavy's. use of the fields, or :'It least,
1l'1t\ke them Lread gingerly 0 avoid ing blown 1(1 hits. Til rf' usually
I

off the bomb.

be-

some of the

avy's

0""'1'1

are aerial bombs

or unexploded shells from :iMp bombardments OD Ihese fields, These too have to be neutralized belore bulldozers and work erews can reprur the J"IlC\ways f r plane operations. The men who do tliis ticklish job know all the ways. to neutralize axplcslves. Every aircraft earrier, battlewagon or cruiser carries jt:; own bomb disposal uJJ:icer and ODe or more ts abtuehed to all advanced naval air bases. their job, besides digging up th duds and enemy traps, is to analyze enemy ordnance and report any new bombs, expl siv S 01' methods used by hlm, Sometimes they do their wm·k a long way from the Iroat lines. One boml disp sal crew was called mrt tram the sehool in WashingtCltl to

open [I litl.<iPICIOUS obl =s box dredged ip from the bed of the Potomac River, Arter carefully ruspectirrg the. box it was found La contain the cremated ashes of SUIl1U ehurse er who appureatly liked to fish jn the river and wanted to be buried among the fish W[IO got away. Not all jittery individuals ar civilians uil ncr. An Army C101oIleJ on Cuadalcunal routed the- Navy bomb disposal officer out. of ed at 3 a. m, to take care at- a Jap bomb lanted in hi tent. Lt turned out to be a cake of snap. The colonel was nul overcautious -sometimes cukes of soap arc booby traps, Boob}' lJoap.~ 11work about the ~1.1me, only cUffeI' nee 1>eing the way the enemy rigs them to catch tho unwary souv nir hooters or scouting patrols. TC'I give the student rs training in rigging nnd di'iman1tiTlg- such traps, the school has two groups rig them, th n sends lhern out with BllShligllls at night to neutraltae the others tricks, Giant fh'ecrll 'kers Jet the rl"\·a] crews kn w \ hen ttl ey [llil.

wh th

1ap

or

C ermun,

uLout

tlu

om"

Approximatelv SO officer find enllste ~ men • re trai.rled at the s ~It>!}lat nUme in Iuur classes, receiving nine weeks of tl\]jning in how to a;;sernbk nn(1 luke part all nemy and Allied

born bs, projectiles, small ordbombs and booby traps. Pirt). r r ent of illl: grsduat s ~l' aslIignetl lo naval aviation billets around the world from Italy In the South PacifIc and .\ lash. The' return periodically for refresher euurses <It 'he sohool to h'anl new develuprnenrs hi erdnarrce.
JlIUlCe, depth

aerial

WHAT TO DO WITH

UNEXPLODED BOMBS
1, 1)01,', Iool, with (hem; re isl IltA desire tn pio], lip 1 rilI'hlly colored souvr-urrs, 2. D,m'l 'f} In ltd, " d uds apart II' til JIIwtru1Jzo ,II"ll1 yourself . .,. 1)011', lTlQV(' thron rTnm tlw plue:.> \ lWl" tlu-v lir-. 4. Po,,'l ('('V"[ th{i'1l1 wit! I d irt-th,' if) I' IIWV sel 'lIfT iHi (U ,U~clL~lurlm II.. ,' filS,',
,,). 01111'1 liSP t'n~1I1) l'<jllijltlH1U' uu-

mul Lhen oul l·a.r-Billg' the correc use It

til sure no htlnby h"nps- are

tuchad

:.vII"

11LaJrt'l'

10

MARK All

DUDS TO WARN

PASSERSBY AND NOTlFV THE IlOMB DISPOSAL OFFICER

ClIoPTUAEOEN"EMY 80MasIGMl~ AND ORON"NICE ARt TAKEN APART, ANA1.YZED IY STUDENTS

BOMB DSPOSAL TAKES WORK, BRAINS

STRONG TIMBERING keeps

crews .use no nails in

shaft
shoring

Irom
up

caving
their

in, pits

UNEXPLODED BOMB uncovered,

chool prepare
[0

neutralize

officer

prior

and men of to rai ing

4 BLOCK AND
50~)-pound

tackle. plus muscle, needed to raise bomb to surface for expect analyzing

Enemy Ordnance Is Task for £xpert Navy Officers

Hfe of a bom.b disposal umter is filled with exciting expedeucessame of them humorous, One offiter was detailed to expl de ;l huge 3000-llJ, Cermsn blockbuster bomb in M. lta. He got down to ftancl found he had brought alaug only five minutes of fuse to use fOr setting it off, So he. hireu 11 native to park his ell!' Ill! In' Lrink: of the bomb pit with motor running, to t1rl¥e him a long way off ill a hUI'TY when he
;HE

The officer 10uclled (I match to his fuse. Olen scmmbled up the pit to the CIlI', fIe rorgot the car had a ri Iht·hl111d drive and tried to gel in on top of the tlriver. Unmindful I the bUTning fuse, th driver thought the a1Rcer wanted to drive so fie clhnbed nut, into the back S at, 'J1\e officer finully, by Er.lI1tlc gestnres, got the driver behind the wheel.

lit the fun ,

5 CREW LEADER

tells his assistants intdcacies of XPB (unexploded bomb) just taken from shaft; dispo at meo's Jon nor dangeroc with !koow· how"

N,ever lao Old or Too Simple

In submitting
pl[pl-I)rrnr

the following list

Marine

Q}

Base DC}Icnse ir Croup .j,.J points out tllat the nlrl :md Simple rule:; and lessons stressed
.1N~it1ell[$.

had bothered lu i(hmtify. }fa had flown (lllnu~l [lVit'e the EI Centro-to-f InjfW!' di",h;mce on a COLIISB :!5 degrees in error. He even Ini.~sE"d the right 5t;Ii'C. landing in Nevada insl.ead of Califomiu, j 65

in training are demunstroted_ over and o\,tW n_gaitl in actnal practice: . J. A pilot IllndIng an F4U ran off [he

runway

Get 'em Snug

J II reconstruedag a f(Jtru jump. by il student _pilot, the investigating board determined that it is possible ror .11 shoulder risers are oIf the shoulder. This can easily ha1Jl:'l1t'nif the harness is ron lurge and the risen slip oJ! 111e shoulders bclore the jump is made l)efare the ripcQI'd iii pulled.
(W

no ()1stades 01' ditches ahend, hut the dust Ilurried tlll': pilot and he slammed ell) haHl brakes, The. plane slawly went ever UIl its tmSC badly smashed up. and
J

00

to the gravel. There were

miles hom ilis tlestination. Mural,C(lmpasses. fl'ldio beam signals, air speed dinl:;;, 11m] estimated t1.rt10S of urrival can ~IIVC' n pilot embarrassing memen ts,

Wrong Runway
cor_pu.~ Christi reports on it reeen l and, forb-Hlntel)" [101 fatal accident whleh oceurred dUrlnguight £lying at

[umper

to full out of nil inCf~:redJy ndjusted paracl1ute harness, if the

1;1

GET
ltAvH

A 'CI:RITE THAT
P,"

FlT$
THAT

1'01)' (11\
vr 1l0ESI

AtlJV$'TED

so

AU's Well That Ends Well

ns lie lnllY later JUlve La face iu aotunl ccrnbat, During a CI'oliS-lmder m~euver, from _3 stepdewn Vee to_MaLiol1. ~l:rUck a.ud baJJy damaged, The sludent was able 10 keep hls plane in level flight, but 11(J bad very liltle rudder 01: aileren control. He immediately decided he hadenougheonIto) to land ann prolCeel-ietllo do so, sueeessfully, This action saved all sxpensive oUil'pl:me and prevented possfhle iujlny to b imself,
~, GrOlllpll'll' IJ'f!ujfum~SIlYS'

VNI2])8~fl., NAAS, Cuddihy FIeld. was reccntl? r:Otool1 to cope with an emergency such

.A student

tn Sqm~droll

his vertical

stabilizer

-and rudder

were

two Cubs.
11g;1in,

[] h~ngar, 'taking out a 12-ineb-square wood port and making mlnce meat of
Marl/I-TIle same mismke

obvious m.i~tf!kcs here; you list thorn. S. In taking off, the- pilot of an F4F noticed tlJ· left wing start to dip just ns the wheels were leaving ttc gr onnd , He gave he.!' more gun and the Crumman veered left and smashed throngh

wind. Aftet' the pi:lJ1e touched ,gt:tmncl. sudden gllst ballooned it tIP about 25 reet iuto the :lit., The pilot decided to circle the fielrl flgH,in, opened the throt· tle full, got blImeointe left to,rque, ended 11[' pancaked neaLly upside dewu, and managed to gilt himsel] cut of the plane after it caught Moral- Two

the Iandlng geaL" was curved like 1'1 pair tlf bow legs. Motal-Dou't get excited; keep your lp!O''' lightly on t\le brakes, 2, Another F.JU came til fnr a laoding with full.llaps in !l fresh and veering

wailing to take off onrumvay No. 4, the j'1!uway in usc, plane No.2 took off on runway No. m und collided wilh rhe No, 1 plane at the intersee tlon of the runways, jllSt alLur being airborne, Re&!.df.: Two planes cbilled up for To]o.

th[lt

center,

Whilu

plane

No,

I was

Ji ) 1 .IJw pilot l(1ok oW

•

rue.

J"W" ~ I'.~
<>
1)( 01.1,

~r.
()

Board's npininn

The Tl'rmlJje
was

i:lJe re-spollsiII
Ihe No. :2 p]itue in" thal he other rhnn the rl esignnted

thal

wuolI"

bilHy

rested with

milway, The pilol of N" . .2 plane (570

Ilom'~) had made hV!I previous lli.ght,,> the same nigh!' Irom No, 4 runway,

be..ide~ scaring the daylights out of mechanic. working in that Ioceticn.

which this time cost three planes.

It

4, A pilot was sent from EICentro to pick np anpthar EI Centl'o pilot who hi.cl overshot the Mojave field and

GrQmp;:rw,Peu,bou,e, mrs: . . I C'atl honr 'th~~ho.rus of pilots saying, "'What 9 dumbdul'k-imag:in.e u..ring the wrong runwny!" Thac'" ",hat dl.e pilot of the No. "2 plane >lrould have said, roo, before it bappef)ed. Alld i'f will J.ap-

~!IJ

'I1iFpL'1Q1!. Ill' strailg,ht ilt hi gil sP","" and b Il': UIlI'All1troll IIbl e "t ~ratl ing 1lJH1.ed ur in a fart ding a It; tude, Til at A dllmaged

I!\,J. Very g'<K>d, but I w{lUld :feci" 101 Uel,Iet' about thi~ it !I,e: repQrt I,,,d S<1id Ihllt the pilot had rhoroughl)' reseed .:IUt bis COl)rrole ilt altitude, 'IS pe~ ~i.sti!lg; ;nstruq_iOll$. r'" m~r

for I) casual glance llt his' map showed a somewhat similar layout (If rnouotains I.UIrl dry lakes, He had only 15 gallons g;a.~ left, but that had not him, for he had seen numerous ~PQJ;-

cracked up, FIe lJuL his plane clown at Tonopah, sure that he 'was in Mojave,

peIl 1:0 yo!.!. IIfOl!lellt you . tnn rhin (:1 f,o r granted.

mt

1:1king

The low Flying Problem

NAS, H1.<wl1lIL.~on, Kansas, has taken a new ?pprQ:loh tOLhe problem, A recent lJl:CSS release- J'eqncstedre~ident!1 within a n1(liu~ of 50 miles tu cooperate in a survey to determine whether ,~tticl Navy regulations agu.in.o;llnw £lying were bcing violated. nyope seeing low flying plaue was requested 1'0 :nOtify .the

or

womftu

sible landing nelas,

none of wbich he

ATTENTION

,I

SQUADRON CO.,

air stillion

Immediately

is"w!t r pilots a i<c d ircCte.Ito tlu'lf.mJgh Iy ~e~l out dIe CQlltrol of a dOITI<l.ged' ;>irpbne nl 01tirude, before DttruDlning eo bend. IJ )"011 lose control ""hile making theile rborDugh lettS :It aI tihIde, ii' gives )'ou a C hn nee to
bailout nnd come back and tell nil' "bout II, [Bu. 'r~liH1:IIli.', PROWS Jilo. 'HHCI)

Does F.qcJ, o!YOIlr Pilots

u'CHNICAL ,oRDERSAND NOrES

Ap,lllybtg (" Y~(I.rEQUCP/lfENTl

---.

((:ntlll'

ing the number ol the plane and the exact time and location U was observed. H was e~pl;tinetl t.hat the regulatlons ul this statlon furhid ffyiIlg at altitudesuncle r 1,000 Ice!', and Ihal acrobatics. while ti:)ey lIr e a deAnita part of Ta,vy flight training, must be executed al al-

in

writing.

gi .....

tllutks above 4;,000 Ioiwl. HI a... p('lf11t~d on I lIHI[ Jf a QI:T1l6 is lIyillg 1m\' euough lor tls nuruh .r to II", rend ,l'(·llmte1y. it fT1u~1 under I, ()() fe t. he"

UlC valve

W LS

.idjustmeu!

{'lire file ItigiH.

nssen ibly

HIlJ

bench Lest the night beFailure

replaced, Iollnwing

dis-

.uus d the fu·,,\ movement

1.1 make Ihis

sud gurdance, Commander :-.iavnl Ajr Pr:iJ:nUT}'Training stated: "This publicity will ~o lnr toward winning public
• )upemtil)1I
Pli

II rmiYflwlhlg:t COP) of thls rel as tv unitS' of his cornmund ftlf imuj'maticiln

Lilld

llihetwi.s

rh tIl<' ev ils or low llying;'

helping

to

Gf<l"'pUW Petlih,lIIe' ut s: ~ This unds I.i e " bl.ldy b](), t9 fiac·1t uing. E"e-n out in Ih· nicks, someon£ might N<;Ithil_lg pot YQU. "'a~ sa,d ...bcur ·i1t1I,[ated emer-

gen ..ie~t bu], J presume tnl:didne. hut rh

accident'S

Ihese maneuver-s

are limited to certain prescribed areas, This I'fl edure lJIay sccm lil,'e strong

l:n·ge numb,,1' of scrieus

which occur a a resuh, oi this ~ pi! of fiy' OS jUl>t.i6.c:;. such a.:tiQtI. A.ny· .....y, i will 1>01)' affect rhuse \ h\.. refuse 10 phey rugbt cegs, Ir strikes IJI~ that thi" problem will never b brougll1 under cunltol at 1r.\'nfl1g SIIttions without the {oU cooperation pl all flight £ntttl tors, Tnstrucroes wh are addi('(edrn tht. dangerous paoUn'" are rh.. ~ g... d many uf them come lO Uid in Ibis o "1;'Itlner, bnr mainly bl!(:ituse tb .. ~lrudCJlI" wil] copy I.'verything the>, do. Once the

mol!t serious

..ff'cnders.nor

only hecau se

instructor see th« lig.h-l, the should soon be ;jbl" ttl stamp ir out among the tudclHs. nd T believe, it the ·.'lO'.rIQUsn"SS <If rh ... problem i~ properly rut up to the inilt1'U tors, t age the r wi t.h their imp Q rtnnl rejarjon [0 it. lhal !.he bulk of the instruetora will be willing co forgto even an 0(' sionul "Iling" and will ""POM: any lind till trallsl'l"tessors, This lattru- action is absolutely
necessary becilu~ jul."!: one 1)i10I, hI> " ..... side r~ hi:n1SE!lf a b ave the 1a W. <'JlU '" reck tbe whQI~ program. T oode up lhOl instrl...:loc~, 'Iu",'"nform' i,,'t muSt be dealt with ~V...,.e1)I,

Landing Gear Check

attelJll'liug to' rruse !be landing of II PV-I aft r take·oll', the wheels sluul!.: OJ] .fourtIl {IF t11 wny lip. A 11 1.1ttemp to move them either up or clJJ\\'n failud. It wns sl1bseqllently neC'essa:ry tIl Ilmke a heHy hmdirlg 011 tb [idd whic·hNI)lii,od ('Ill ISiuernJ.)lc d,mu1.~e tu the airplane. JllveJ;tigatioH c.lliclosed th the trnllble with the landing gear (I('CllITCq b cause the HnKage betv.'een the landing I$ei~r "Up·Pown" position handle llCld tIle rotlr-\,vay hydl"llll.lic ('tlntrol v!llv~ was IJUl properly adjusted !lfte~'
LI1J1JIl '("<11'

Ouee he starts tu pull b..,c'k on the suck, We turn g~ts ughter, the nose drops lowe-r, and there is a rapid increase in airspeed and rate uf descent. AttCl a lew seconds, peed of the plane m y have increased to more than double its u.I'iginul speed, aut.! rate 1;11 COMMENT~TJlls same fe.¢QIlin'I.endation descent UH~y have increased to several mlQLi1d hold Il'uo; tLhpct' disassembly oE !.!fl~ Ihousund feet per mill u ttl. Fear and h 'dl'n:ulk actuating mechanism. OUI1.1 usiou UCCOlll pnuyiug this unexjl0cl'(] a 'ticm prevent the inexperienced pilOl Iroru lhinkiug j'utiolllilly aud from overcoming the .fix.edIdea ilial he Is in <~ slmignt dive. The usual taudtl'llcy is for hUll to pull back harder and harder on the stiuk in the blind hope tha the plane , ill recover before It crashes s. Any pilot c rn easily and qui kly re· euve lrom such u spiral. Hemember~ .'\ MILD 1GXA,.\[Ji'LE ul what ciln lmplltl''Ii w1!JIL unything seems to be wrong, if yU\1 g ill slip stream. uI plune ahead when thtl :J.irplana is starting to Juse ot you in makin y UT L:lIuling approacl), altitude and gain speed, !iI'8' UJl.1/' at the inrtnllne"ts that show whet118r the. IIII/rla I lUJo1(kjllf!, {mel turning. Grayeyard Spiral In all probability III plane is banked TLI;! gretll~!;;l single daugel' to au inand is turning nlt.h01.lgb your sensations xptll'iellC m pilot aying at flight or OIl make you Ieel it is in stratght llighl ill$iwmenl"$ is the "graveyard spiral, n n with wings level. FigM any tendency diving spiral which gets progr ssively io ac accerding t your sensations, Ugbter mid steeper auel i~ a ·c.'oJ.ll[J;mi~d Make ourself slop the turn tlY 1i veling a rapid loss 01 11 Ititurle , according to the wings. Then. and only til n, use l.he slick La slop the dive. Ir!,~tl'!llllellj l.'iig!Jt. Part' 1 (Basic Air· work) . I nter Add,tiolllll comments on the phrSlSuch a spiral I' "Ill S dir ,tly from LIlli \,md ps:ychulog:iCtU JeaCUOIIS of pilot:l the pil t relying lUO ruuelr un his. sen- wlll'lI J:I},jng in instrument weather ccndiSlt!lODS and luo little. on instrum nts (j"1I11 WIll be found in tlU::article Veri/gcl, Ui.u\er T_)l, 61-12.,J which show whether UJe airplane is bnnking or l1tr))ing. The graveyurd splral starts by the Jammed Controls airpilttl gtL-tdualiy ntermg'l [Vl'll S' CJ'al cm,es of jmllmed controls ill withouL UJ pilot l'cflli7.ing it. In such '130· -'s Lave been rep(Jrted, They bave an involuntary tWll, t11C angle of b lllk beeu ··au~ed by foreign articles lodging aHe] the mle of tum both inc:retlS.eSO helween the central con.t.mJtorgue lube slowly til at th~ pilot hits llO sensHLioIl nssembly {Part _ (1. 090186} and the tu It:ll him that tlle pos'ilien uf his ai:rcockpit deck. pl:ule has dUUlged. He rel::lins III posin1 operating this- -airplane should tive impre.'S!>i 11 that it i: still flying keep after ClJ '''-'Pit c\u ain.~installed nt strHight with tLe WlUgS leveL BeM in m..illd Lhat thes remarks all all times anu should make thorough pI'\l!·£ljgbl ln1YpCCUOIlS for loose articles, n1fer to night or "jns.l:nll:lLcot" weather: iF the pUt ...01.110 " ':~'." he inuncdi:llel)l ~ Grt1l11pOfO' Peltibeme SlIYn would recognize Oie position of hls ,. TIm a,dvice about inspecting (ot airplane. loose article, is mighty .ro1ll1d lor 1111 air. The pilot's BJ'st iudication tha any· pll!Deli. Tbj'lg9 rnal are e."lS)' to remove thing is wrOllg is u CbtLllge uf noise, an unlhe ground nre impossible Il} gel at in increase i.n lIirspeed fJ1" a luss (Jf ~ ltftutle, .. the air, aod Qoone iB mqro belpless trutn Under these circmnst!tnee~. unless the an 'l.\'iarllr wiili jUJ1llncd Hight (onlTO]

of the " ip-Dowu" selector handle to tum the cam shah fu the f ur-w y valve Wtl far, shearing the .suft alumilium camstup, This f(l:leas~d '.he triggers on all puppet \ alvss, CL1USing: all of them to close. This locked the byclnmuc systeru in <til dirt: tions. The Board recommended tht\t each lime any important repair 01' replacement is ll\tu.J~ in tho landhig ~e(l1'hydrauiie system. tha.t the llitpJalu;I 1I~ jacked up and the InndilJg gear b 'heel ed in both the ,. p" and "D wn" poslrtons prior to flight.

piil.ll lou.ks .IL ,Ulci belleves We iustruruouls. which show that the plane is turning and lJ<luklug, Le will merely pull back un the stlek, under Ole fm • pJ'ssion tllitt lie j r covering from a
slI'aight dive,

" he does sc, this impressiun of being in tl straight dhle wJll be lmUlcdi;at:ely 1ei~Lel'lco .slrwe pulling back on the stiok gives hun the feeling he would have in a uonnul straight

pull-out,

uy

(GRA.MHW

PElT [RDWE •••

COH'n'D,j dangera '1nd .inlelligently

.8l'-t.
ob\;lUl

Use Your Bean

\. hlle making an u.pproacll on th de,.,;fgruUtld runway, an FM-,l pilot (60u
hours) elected

Malling them by every possible mean$; wh.o in:DIl'Illldy kuo,," tbelr plane_dteir po",ibiUti_.nnd OlillC their JimitaUOnN.

IQ,~-

'icltwalJly ill a strong erosswlnd. 11 to continue the landing, bnwever, and groundlooped violently, sending the

IloLlced

I::hat he was drifting

eon-

To come back 10 shoulder harnesses, wey were design d solely b cause mllSI peopll! ",hQ cr.acked up 'Wete injured enly rl,lu:nd
Illl: bead and {"ce. And the :.hould·t l'IIu.'llm; does opLhesc it1jul'ies, by kel!pitlg the upper lKIdy leorn mapping fllnv::tl'd-

nck-ack III the C()ci.-piL. I tried to illllate m III raft, but had dlfficuJty ill filJding (he 0 boWe. When f W, J muM !lut Bud the pin, QI ttl rJJ the hundle. (Mfstake o. J_ 1 bad aev I in'I.ded Ill> 1·.Jl bef ore.

The Trouble Soard said: "All pilu!S' in this squadron bave again been cauU()ned that good Judgment normall)

rhaul.

airplane

to

A&fl fur

mnjcr

ask the guy

People

WIll)

has worn one in

are getting

11

crash.

~iJ
(If !'IIlI!

@e.

Grmllpalj-

/\... )'UII ,

Pettibone

S!l!~;

.
With S<lIl'lI!

...].0, weal" them

up and

tl1· PNblem.

w"lking away f"Dm atddelTt,thll.t bj! Catal.

DON'T (,l!:t (.A ('H.Jo w[nl

used to
)UUR

rtghte.r

pilot

11$

unfamihae wMY

bailing·out;l

thIS Ma-

(P-"l U)

Circum·

10 UJill\.

RAllIS f(,

lJOW'!

Bailinlg-Out Difficulties
"!i,tI,lllzllig
)110l.'0

control may force YOll to jump n your next Imp. For thi reason, on ,howel have in your bag 9f tricks the prOFIle {WOW-"QII' fot' using this and a.1l other 1i:£~-~vll1g equipment, If you are net absotUt ry certain how 10 use auy of thi~ equipment, mak j(" point to rertizy

lnanctll; h'~}'andyour

dictates

.1 wave-ell \>\h n a str 19 crosswind is noticed in an approach to u landing, regardless of the lauding (.:llutSe

pit cover

altitude and Kot rlll or the 0001the euI()lgenc), r leas', 1 was 1.500 leet wheu 1 released my

qllidd)o,

rolled

that

I had III gel the lab to gut 0.

little

uu;

mu

deticien<i}' b tort

your next 81gb-t.

bear an added entire squ:adronoll

uy

landmg."

designated by the Iiield contrel tower. lso, proper technique has been stressed UI mnkiug a crosswind

placed my left: lianu va the rip curd ring as 1started out uf the ockpit, But as r Let go (1 the c nb'('Iis ffi. nos
dropped, (Mis-Luke No.1: I had

!iahrt:y belt

<111d

rolled

over the ship.

Squadron commanders respon jbiHt" for thelr these ll'att~r!b If you ...ae, I r(!f.:omttlfmd tbe !It{Uudcon satet)' officer'

don't aJ~"d"

h ve

Ilot

"p~lntm"nt of OJ a darned good one. Th",,~ is ple.nty (0 do in looking after all $;'lf~ty 4llluiplller}! and iu'>W'ing that peesonnel . I'C! fulJytrained in upkeep, handling, and use tlu~reof to make thi practiOlUy :II full-rhn job ror lin en(ll'geOc

You (Qln Lead

Horse to Water

Numerous r U11U'JJ;. ueh as the following, appear 011 reports f airc <lfl aocidents: 0. 'The pilot's injuries would have been negligible bad .he worn tim shoulder harness which was installed III this airplane." I). "It is believed that this accident would not 1 ave resulted in death if the pilot had boon w aring his shoulder
harness."
Gf'/Impllw P~UibO!l4.' 11i'YS: ,~ Thl$ BlmilpS me! Apparently ther .. is something in the mentality of the pilot who neglect to \'leu their ,houlder harness which G3.Wle!iI a large proportion of them to na.ve ac 'iderus (Joubd~ they are also laX ab ut !Jth~ imporrant tlight requirements). T(II) bad lbi" typ~caD't be weeded out belute llighf training is b'f ned; S4."t'eenlng '~~

rolled the tab Icrward.) ''"When the nose dropped, 1 was slummed back into the cookpit. My left hand jel'l..ed the rip cord ring loose from the bolder. (Misttako o. 2; J should not have had my hant] anywhere neat the ring.] I vas afraid I hnd opened. the chute, so grabbed the sl5ck
and slapped it Iorward, cutHpulling me into Ihe air. I \ as ih II l about 1,000 feet. I reached a ross with my right

..nd capable officer.

Llost Suction on Take-Off:

The engine of au SB:2C-I cut !"ll1t immediately after take-off during night Ileld-carrier-Ianding practlee, A f~t:at crash resulted. ubsequeut investigaticn indicated that the pilot (L,OI6 hours} had f!owu the entire period (approximately 011 hour] n the fuselage lunk and had exhausted the gao; in this tunk during his last tuk&-oH. Service Bull tin No. 6 On this airplane and e. 4 on the SB2 -2 reeommend that fuel in lh fuselage tun be used during the early part of eaeh ll:ight. in order: 1. 'to improve balnnc , and 2. to use up Ih fuel in tbe nonleakproof lank firsL
Grmll/'DII' Pellil'cmtl" fiJ : It ill impns"ibJe '0 issue cG:tcctives coveeing every eveutilaJity, That is whj' r keep harping on "common !lelll!e." It 18 ae of rhe most nll"-..5$lJ:'l' and valuable assets an avi ator can have. The abo e bl1lletins never intend ... mat the fu..eJage d (lUIk Jlho!Jld be run. dry at low alrituclc. Everyone knows bow d;mgerflus. thu :i' even jf you milt I,,,"k... immedi rely. you ~

them

OUl

by actual

crashes

seems

Iike a

crude, uld-fasbioned way of weeding them. Or maybe )'ou dQn't wear yOW' 5bouldcr flatness because 01 fa!:,e pride lind ~ s11· puiot' ilttiwde--uT'm too good: it can't. happen to me." Get humble, sorn it j,; ha ppening (0 b trer men than you arc, Cyct")' dn}'. Be modem. keep up \!lith the times. You weal' a pal'lId:).ute and II ~&:Iy belt; rbe ""'oulder harness ill merely tbl! late'f( lif'5aviflg devic along th~se lines;. And don 't be ~11 UJ· and clillg to the fataliBtk Ide'!,. ''If it'a my ruen, l'ro gojng [0 gel it, <1II1)'\O'a)'o" Aviation ill IlO place for a fatalIst. Fatali~ - re careJess----:lIJd you know wbat that get!<you in a"i ..rion. Flying j" II Kj.en~ gl.werned by the laws of cause <lnd effect.. Only 11'. Y ~11<luld be in aviation who ....e aWlIl'e of dtl8; bo fully' realize its

baud alit! jerked In dangling ring. The chute opened at once. "1 was traveling ahtJul 180~200 kuots and about 800 f el when the clurtc openerl. The jerk blacked me out momentarily, Wben 1 carne to, r lr.tlrneciHlt Iy slipped ba k iIlt the risers and when a couple hundred Ieet above the water I unbuckled th straps. ] bad nc sooner done thls than my fuet hit the water. I dumped the hnte and -'W. m 'le!U' of the canopy. "I pulled the (;02 rings on my Mae West; hut it immediately deBated. My -fa 'lv" it bad been punctured from the A.A, though 1 JjJ not not roe :my

~~J

HI)' not have suction,

eno-ugh

ltltud

(I)

reg;! in

He
Didn't Wear

His Life Jacket

lcr.miTte1Jtl check YUtU t~J con~nmprlon and keep lh &"'1 picture in the back of youI' Illind (oot too far back), inelu(jmg
~"",ct movement

this (U<periencl!d nviator f running his lank dty. He JUSt got SO Intere.tted in. hi' landings tha, he forgot to keep (rack of his gas C~IHllmlJlt1oD. Evc,i1in combat", pllou LUUJlI: rem.1in Jtuel C,m5ei(}II5. yo~~ must" in-

UntlC'lubll.·(]ly.

lmd nv JtJLen(i""

n~lI'Y

of !.be fuel $elector to :.wirch tu a f~t1 tan

vnh,c

STRIPPING. und repairil'1.g.;

cannon

0 caliber machine guns, 20mrn and other airc.r:a{l armament is pan of training

IN.sTALUNG bomb ruses in the field and assigning them to a cornbar mission neces itates thorough understanding

JACKSONV LLEA. G. O. SC OOL

t\ T TilE start uf the \WU'> we gunnery _[l.nfReer of every avialiun squadron was Vllt: III the pilots. Bestdes llis (lrdi· nary duties 3S n Hier. he assumed UUil resll(Jll~jhili(y 111 ,1verSeeing Ior all fhe pl!ilIC$ of his squadron, prucurement, tnstnllafion, and maintenance of gtms, arnmanifion, bombrng equipment ntld bomb. In whatever lim was left, he d rked for th squadron, kee-ping its records and reports. Overworked, he culled for hell). and the answer was thtlvialton _unnery Officers' School III the Naval ir 1'eclwical TruiuitJg LCfJl:er in [ueksonvllle,
lu take over tlre gunnery ufficer's duties.

l the -cLool, men :'JJ:e!Jeillg gtoonu,xl

Most of the students are engineers, technician and professional men drawn

dlreetly lrom civtllai life; others 3J'e aviation r..;udets. The COurse iucludes work in shops and classrooms. The rueu me taught to hand le eVflfyt.h.ing iu IwiatiQu ordnanee hom the quarter-inch detent pill of a bomb fuse Lo the four-thousandpound bnrubs themsel es, They disassemble and assemb] every type of gun mounted .ir1 <Ill-planes, and learn to doclor their ailmeuls. They study the mechanisms with which bombs are suspended nml released. Then. having learucel the use of material, they become fLwllljru: with the channels through wlltch H is distdbllte.r;l to advance bases. ships, squadrons alld planes, GJ'IlJllate.~ arc becoming nuclear QlIicers In ilie Hviu.tiol1 s rvice units es-

tablished by the <1\')'. Squadrons needing repairs or equipment are s~nt ro these s(ll'Vice unit~ where guns IU'~ installed, recalcitranl homb racks mended, lat",..valcmetcrs, bgmbsigbtli and gun siglw; serviced-all under the deft supervfsloo of the AC 's, th "fliers' garagemen," ther graduates of the school travel with squadrons. They see to it that 'very planes guns at ready fUf action within moments of landing. They supervi, e handling of bombs, trues ann pyrotechnic gear, procure equipment and manage all ordnance reports. III short, they take Over the duHes of the harried pilot who used 10 wonder how he- could flnd time to Oy.and be gunnery officer all at once Ier an air squadrcu,

LOADING bombs in mock-up of bomb the careful handling which i needed

bay rack leaches in acrual combat

Sn~CHRONIZING .30 caliber machine guns

rotating blades of propeller requites

(0 fire: through utmost precision

p E UD
Munda's stately co(onutgrov&

TO
IrKN

NVA
W eras,
or
definite pattern tage of all airfield.

ION
se dons

A year ago the Japs were converting into an airfield. Today Munda serves ADied planes that strike out at targets of Rising Sun

fust viewed through the eyes of aerial cam[ap-held Munda Paint was a peaceful eocouut plantation littl lmpcrtaneo, But when photos taken a r w days later revealed patches of coral taking form utuler thetrees, the interest of photo interprefers was whetted. Later, photographs revealed the The Taps used natural camouflage to greatest advan-

b 1 aving trees standing while preparing

of the ueld runway. taxiways, shelters. ud hlstallatinns,

COCONUT

PLAHUoTiON

Early photos failed ro show anything

Of strategic value
at Muada

Poiru

DEC. 5

Pho"CO interpreters di 'cover definite of airpoec being built under coconut

igns tree

DEC. 9
8

Work:ing under oaturaJcaD1ou_Ha<ge~. field i practically complete with _removal of trees

MAR. 30

Devastation following raid s causes J:'I ps

III

three months of aba ndon field

proved a vain elIort, of Am§)ripan reeonIl_aiS:Sill.l(;C uameras that revealed what the enemy was u-p to. When the trees £ina By were cleared for action, photo interpreters alrwdY knew the secret, Jap constructien work continued until late in February, although the field had been ill use since mid· December, During this entire period constant repairs, uocessltated by aerial bombardments and salvos from om warships. were made on the runway and on other improvements built by japanese construction crews. On March 30, reconnaissance photos revealed that the coconut plantation airfield had been red~lcetl to rubble

T thanks to the early penetration

11lS

carefully phnmed

"surprise"

by relentless U. S. bombing, AIR COMBAT 'The nbs-arlee of any trace or e:(j~ ;PH'OTOGRAPHY erny activity WU$ mute evldence d1at continued blasting had made the base untenable. Muoda was invaded all August 5, and while handto-hand Hghtiug continued in nearhy jungles, the battletorn landing strip was restored by Seabees in 46 hours, even though H was still being subjected to enemy artillery aotlon. Frrst£igbter planes landed on the field 00 Allg11S! M_ They were sent to [;OVCT AlHecl invasion of Vella Lavelle Island, scheduled for the next day. Munds. airpol't went into operation as an Allied base at dawn SlInday; August 1~5) xactly tell days afterwards. e

VR's Lead in Utilization

Close to Commercial Records
Aircraft of the N'iI al Air Transport Service ar g_al.berillg little TII1!t these clay:>, the heavy demands of passenger and tr.eight tntfllc keeping them Hying much of th time, Tbl;) leading landplane squadron

Taught to Save All Scrap

Station Officers Avoid Waste
NAS.
JA('~K,SQNVIW..l'-A

Originllll)

belteved

to have

a slight

scrap-saving

eull wing tend ncy recognition now reveals II htlS :1 high \ving with marked {a per l'rMII III ' !tCloL',

system

was tallgb I

eQH56I'\

urion effi·

ugust repurred a daily utilizatioll [GI' its Tt4D type lmnsports of 7.7.'> l11JUl's. For the same month VB-2 was the lending ll. ing bunt squadron, with n ll{iliza,bon ot 7,1 hours a dny for its PB2Y~3R planes. Both th sa totals r..present suhstantlal advances OVtiT the past few [I1,milis, Records of cJtller lundplnrres and llyIng 1m I squadrons also are improving and flll1uw closely bdlind the two leadet'S, NA TS rep rts, BN' ruse military requirernents call [OJ' mnny special Hjgllts and (If:f-s.dleuulc runs, squadrons ordln uri!)' rtlj~b I 11(~ expected to operate

VR.7 during

here in n short. COUrSl' attl\l1r\.ed by personnel hom every station II1d 1" the Naval ir peraticnal Trainin r ommunrl. H .is the duty of censervatten officers at all air stations !.Ulder [lie command to sec that lime, effort. and matertal ure handled witb(lllt waste. The three-

c srs at the all' stutiou

--1-/--·-J ..... '---1-, -

day course was ztven to representatives

of all air stations whos dut jl is In

see that nothing is being left. wldc)ue to aid progress of the war effort,

Identiify Jap Flying Boat

Largest Type Has

Tapered W;ng

below the normal utilization levels f regular commercial uitUn carriers.

Addj Ilonal informalmn on llic new 4--cugiue Japanese llyiug boul., first l,hntogx:lphed in July ani!. lHlglJst. now (;la~sjl1e!> it !IS Emily type 2. PB. ['("t'

huck cover - , ~"'ws. Oct. l, 19.j;1.1

Other

distinf,(lIishlng

wing lipS curve itlltrlJly tp ~(lu!lJ I'DlIlldiild poirrt, The deep bull b,'I!l u IOIli! nose f;tpering forward Iroru lcadillg edge IIf willg w!ih hrg high bell-shaped lin I)'nd rurlder,
Tail pluno
hIlS

tile ll·,.Jlillg (~lge

or

leutures

shuw

"(lLun.led lips. KlI!.}w[J Ly the code name 11:mily I:hi1> fJrin!! hO:'lt i~ one of ~lle largest planes
ill llJ· J'lrflUC~ uuval air JOICC', b,1Yin"l an nppruximat lYing Spill) of lHt and \t'ngtb of 90', Rl:llc.mn,··is!innl:~ planes have sport a this type 011 xev..r:tl m iS5 ien I~ (WeI' J ap-h el d isl ands ill

tupered

e~lgl:'l> an I

the Snnthwest P'!9Jfl:· iudk'l1Lillg tk1t it .. is operational in limited numbers and will pIJssih]), he e t\ more ff '1'Jlt{"J1tly Tn th - fn.!lu·p,.

Cunard Une Takes Wings

Steamship Co. to Fly Ail Routes
,EIU1,-\N Sl'BM.;l.JH",'E J'At;;t!;,<; sent into Atlantic convoy lanes are equipped with heavier auti-aircrult to me .. l the
NEW

oJi the pi HlitognIJi11 showed mounted what app tareu til he twin -ill-lUll), H(if()]' . :1, 2.0-0101, OcrAultlysis
IJIt' U-hoa!

'hall ng of N1WY planes IlOW 'scotting hips. Evid 'lle(' (llt:J~j~ was shown in n recent phulo!,p'apll or a Nu::d U-bout (Tapped and sunk by AJUt::rlCUIl naval llnits wItile in a refueling operation, 10

likcm unr]
gtlHS (111

twin

.50

caliber
I

machim-

hlw ,I', :--Juzl !luhs I rapped ou the surfaee laid huv ' tried Il' .shnot it nu (' with ilrotl'cting hUm ps or alreraft, 011 cl11C: l)('t'usiDIi !JJlggiug nne,

it~ conning

SjucldlOllen. of fhe Cur ard • teamship Company IIf GroHt Britain have vr~ted to pur their urgnuization il!to tile airline hll.'fille,~, the Bliti~ll radi« report d in ;'to /lI!c~rllas hJ'mlowsl receutly, The decision was 3PPIOVEd flt it pe ·i.ll 1t'cotf,'g thf" lifo(,kh(llcJprs which vq(etl that the Cunard cumpany shu l1kl 11' in a pnsitioll to l1lt'etcollllwtiliul1 pl tflgnlal' IIhljHe,~ nperathig.

or

Aviation Training Films

Revisions;n

qlll;lSls

Servicin!9 Policy

cated bases in the eouliucntal 1.... S, m1d foreign areas, The new system will give prompter n1 e t)I' requests, Geue ul traming films required fur oue..time showing may be secured on loan from eentml libraries 01' distributiUIJ peints, C:cn€lTal ruterest £l.lms and news rums. usually of a lin ely uature, :11'e cireuluted from these points to ill rlL'tivlties, Specific training films r-r1 rired for fn:q ren]. us should be secured Irnm the lihrarv or ordered from the Chief of avul . Gper:ltions ( OP3:3..j) for verllll1llCllt ell tody.
(llId

H visium ill the policy of servicing and flimillhilll! aviation training films have b en announced recently \\itll fns! dlation of a number 6J~ libl'arie$ ut air .st(lli{11l~ :lml \l11\t~1" eutrally e 10-

bt! supplted lu H3 mrn. width nnd sUd", Blms ill S5 mm, wid LJ1, I,] eauh t'llse. re~ue~L should include omplete tnl ·f the fllm aml Hu. \I!'I\' $~'1i] Dumber.
Mol'101'( Pu,;, RE PIWJEC'l'OIUl (Hi 111m.) and slid!' fi1 rn f1r1lfectars (35 min.) way be secured b>.· ,iircc!illK an ofFicia I rerjuest

ther aviatiun activities should rnnte cedirect to tht" hief uF No III llcm .. t'ion" (0 P.,33-if, Motion p1c!ilre prirl ts will

XI-Aiircr(Jff
tll

.Engines

or

Pick th» be~1, a/loictl /(1 /.·llfII,l,/('/ $llJt"elll.imts b low, "um r.l!('(:1. rJlwr
1m J'J. 32.

tl ~rChief of Naval 0reruti(jns (OP-3.S-i) Y18 th hiru of Nov PerSOnT\(>J. ParlnpJ mution pi ,hU'e screens rna b eeured hy an offici",l requ st dire;t LO: \Ipply Offi(.'e'r iLl Command, -Naval 111"" pl')' Deptlt." M.echantesbc rg, PenDsrl auin, nr ~Il.val S,lp\Jly Depob, Oakland. QU.. ifom1U. pare part. Ior pro] don (Iarups, bulbs, ·te.1 ma.y be secured by directing 11lI ,16cral .request to: Commandant of: the
<

Ii('l:

1'hl!CCI,jd of the Buroou of Ships

\'111

mm,lil'rs

J. Detonntion

o
C

in It cyltnder ~gni1ies thata-~'rixture ~ l (j ncb and 100 muny particles of uel er burning b-1IlJ exhansl vHI\'~ is no] ';'011.1p!..k>ly clt)smg.
age
e.xplnsl(;i'i flame IS I?mgre~l1fllg from one 'Point to r.. ~ nf chamber
Cl\\l.~3n g

le.ak-

N8V~'

Ynru, ,

(!W

York, nr Mare Isl~net

o d- ombuStion
2_ An eXlmu"r

of the

charg

of

Train on Plastic Pistols

Used in

fuel takes place too abruptly G _spark limrng is t()(~ far retarderl for Lllfl,t rpm. analy7.Cl" works
n the

1ireml,fJi'f' IliJ({Jrfes • re bl.!illg mainblinec:l joillLl~ hy Fkal Air all~ lI-WN ,l\..' tivitiM at (JUIJIlSt"1" NmiDlk" San Dit'I:'I), ]flmedn 1I11d 5{Jo.ltle witt. suffici!mt pr 1111:: to service air ~PlIl)S ilT)d adivilivs h. llieir re!lpeclh'a urrolt, ' ub-Iihrunes nIC hl'illjl es~ mulislu"d M utI. '1' 1'1' aud NA;\I' ill l!I<'~(, (C :a~. Marine 6ir al:lIl1(H~~ are serviced br ~ AB. Che~ Point and M 1'i1'C Fie!>1 Ail'. Wesl C()ll.~t. Sun J)ip.gll, NM1'rc,; I1l1jt~ ;W' scrvked frrnn J aeksonville w hap N AHoC ae tiVitiC5 at Pensacola and C()I'T'Il1,~ Chrisrl are supplIed from lihraries at tllU, ~ tWII

IN CONTINENTAL

U. S. A.

\ ll(lItloJ!

111'111

Hand-to-Hand

Drills

N"

clly rlupll 'utillg the .43 service pistol in (1)' d ·tail, including weight and bnlunee, are pmvillg reallsti 001'hand[I) haud drtlls, especially for use in Ihe

The creation

of ph!slit ptstols ex-

basi th,ua-hydrogen
thermal

o
r

ill the exhaust Ita. less con duoti vi tv than ai~

o
U

mixture prudnees more hydrogen than a ric-h mixture I r=-exhaust gases f-rom a richer rrnxLure have higher th 1'1'1\1nl conductivIty d-carbon dioxide I\I~~higher ther)('JlI1 L' -eitI.H(U$l

b-u

COl,dllcUvlly than :;tir gnses froll'! loaner mil;ture huve I!igller electrical r "istnf1t~b Vl!l1turoi iii

mill

pOllits.
their

hipped

Illms rm request or allocation h) r(!Sf) ,·(. i"I' CffiruIUl.nw. .I

A~l'C,

NATrc 3[1(1 T.TA units ;j,r'

boost

cI....

injll-liQIl

arbur

I<or--

Atliulitm film and Ntt'rrlllJre li1mrril',~ are hefllg set 'Up III nocessthle locations W serviee m,l' al nd marine avtation llctiviti("l ontsid t1w rorltiflf'otai L'ntt 01 • tares. These fllrn llbrarles wiJl maintain a supply of 1raini:njl Rhnh and will ha Vt' 1111 hand lJfojedlQl1 r.IlUlpmeJ1t ror lonn II) ~I'}\lndrolls aud units

OUTSIDIE CONTINENTAL U. S, A, -

'"J
OUMMY I'f~TOl L.OOKJ> LI".ETtl~ RICAL A.RTICL£

Il-Ltlcreases

an

o
::J

di~Hl'lIung phas

of the training.

For

U re veutun] pressure of the lnccming air b-i!!: n ~'fnH![~r enl'url Stlt in throat v of liU"gel' ven til ri • c--meters Iuel into the inconnng
lllr

this type 01 lruining, dummy pistols are userl illSh-~ld (If re 1 .... 'ellpOn~ \ hiol;

o
'l

ill ]Mal
linn

No. _l40. lintl 2>1. A cent rnl lfbmrv has wee]:) t"StabJisn It j II the IlawaHnll ureil at N \S NAI')'III, j 28, with lillh-Hhmrles II! CASU 2, 4, 31. 32 and Hcdrou !l. for ~(,t'icing actfvities 111 their Incul areas, JIOtl1~T l'entrnl lihr!lrY hI\); htl Il Net up ut AS NAVY fll. ftl, wil!. ~lIh ..Hbrlr,i<.", at • AS N"YY No. 09, 1'\0. 1'5(14 and No. "I t. FiJm~ amI rroieC'tion Cfjnjpffitlnt nrc h('hl!~( ~enl clirecl lo ~AS ' itka, DutL'h lIur],or. Kl'Idilltt. TTeffi:on 4. ,mel Flet', t ir Wll1g~ 15.
NAVY

ing estabhsbed nt 145, Alll .f!N'fF.Jl ..I' IlRIN'E AIII CTlOUl'

film nnd literatur

areas.

Til the South

]il,mui,._

l?IWUlt', avinllUl A''''

m.tghl be damaged

l.w dmppi.ng.

C!ll>s~( ·,11> deith prCSSlm' chnuges ,("-lIlt'wa~e.III slze us atI IJJI'~IN

sl-«: n be. tpened or

siretl
\'I..

;UR CY.N'I'ml

\lo,

hr-

Check future Requjrements

Program Orders Advance Paris
\8, SA.Y S"A flri'ER-To conserve und preserve rnulur vejlide equipment.
the transportnnon ulflcer here ha' de-

Increases

4. An

o a-exhausting

by-

idle

Ctll-ol!

stops
ILl)'

an

engine

the

from the car-

Yf'I(Jp d aDd inaugurated

nlllintenfl]1cl' progrmn .

a. pre entiv

o o
~

1l111T1nea(ltivitil'S units are hnsed.

NavRI "julian

ltl

Il.I'ld 10 far

~r~L'lil/l.l!'lml to

In urc..'1~ ill whi"T I

ll~vll'l

11\(""

nnd

How to Order Films and Equipment

ties .• lllo::iudillgM:(IIine
units., ma~ ,cbtltin

Film lihmrles

~ilJts of training 6il.llS hy lIlt cting nn o[6(:lul request to: The (-:lJir·f r ~lwal Opru:ntioM (OP-33-n. tlnrl" uf I h,. Ti'uncti()lIlal 1'rl\lning oll'llllll.uds ~hol11il J'tlllte reque.ts \'Im. Hu.~ Training CnIllID!lnd, Opt·ralin!'; lUTltl; 1\II00lid route requl'sts yin Arurtini6trat{vC' Gll1lmllnrl~.

Guurd

aViation

tlnd "L'tlviC(ltp!l Mr :lfld Catl,t trnining cand opcrntil1g

future .requirements of til statiun 1'(lIupmen~; <lnd it allOT"!! time l(J order arty replacoolCnt parts ill (1dvance of the

Btl fs, f Ule progrfffil_ is U ('(ll] tr I buttrtl divi~led into Bve columns: J. 1)('J,lltrbnenl to which vehicle is assij;\;led; 2. V('hk,1 Idelltilled by sl:lDOn nwnber. liS. number, a.nd type u£ chide: 8, lile:lge nnd ~ll:te of 1.OOO.mile 01' SO..day inspection and 5,OOIl.mils inspection; 4. l ,DOD-miTe Ulbpetlion; liIud ,'j, 30,OOO-m. inspeclitm. The control board serves two purpo e.:;: It iii an inlmediate heck on

float ciUlHlUcrf IJ-slluttiug olf tile nir bll;ltl<1 G-dosin~ the nmJn. l1leteriJlg ret d-do~ing tfp the fMin alt S(lnllV shUltTlIg <I bl1tt fll~.valve In III

buretor

venturi

S. The~ei~

great dllllgCl' If th~ mag·

bet:Qmes dimonneded

o
n

neto llwitcb bec:u.u~e--

a-magneto!> Inll)' burn themse]v~s nut b-erlgine may slo_p In tbl' mkM
may start "'fillt a slight nt(lvenltll1l of propeller ~ven thOllgh the switch reads "off" d-enginc will huve to depl'l\d Oll battery ignition f?-ell.~e cannot be .<;tartOO. for n qUick

C c-cngme

or a take-off

o o

15,000-

and

BO,OOO-mile inspections.

tnkc-ofI

11

PROVISIONAL
FROM DATA CURRENTlV AVAll.l.BLI'

·~I .."

EABEES

oBE

WHEI'I{VER

TtlE

HAVV'S

PLAN£S

FLY S£AB££S

FIRST

PFI£PAIIE THE rlEI..D, BUILD THE £ACILITI~

"NO

S'OMET1MES

8E"TOr

CONSTRUCTION

BATTALIONS COMBAT

PREPARE PLANES

FIELDS FOR NAVY'S

planes from all over the N hmdmg fieJd' are the South -p,K'Hic Irom the Aleutians 10
A\"'¥

openlti:ng

WOl'ld-

-built lor them by the swear, >lnd of tell bl d, of na al Construction Battalions. The Seuliees, voluutcer wHsLrudiun workers who both build and fight. pride themselves Uti lJciug ,\111; tu c(msti'ucr
01'

repair

:UJ~lthUlg

anywhere.

perat-

ing under the Bureau of Yards 11( D leks, the are til newel brand I uf the I a~ but. already past tlleh' 240,000 quota, hl;1VC suspended recruiting. Soabees come in on L!Je heels OJ! the first Marine attacking forccs to build • nd r 'pair t1H~ airiielcl:> sc necessary to attack the enemy. They construct. aoti-airoraft emplacements and man the guns when raiders strike, Originally the Seabees built the landing 6elds. (Uscpersa1 hangars, buildings and I'acilitics for naval air bases. Late]' tl ey were given the job of handling munitions and supplies Irom ships in combnt areas, doil g stevedu!lng work, Their De-west T(lb toruw is to maintain and operate the nunry ndvllnt'ed bus '5

wer set (JUt to guard !:be !lOW opereting base. Seabees are camouflage artists t 0, and hic1e their huildings as t111:Y go nlong, One Seabee battalion built a jungle nir£leld ill 13 days. J 1 of which it rained so hard the gauge Iniss lo lieu' .shcwed UM; inches of precipttation. The construct all the- f{lcilJtle$ naval Work went on 24 hours a day but uvlation needs I utslde contmeutnl n tl! 13th tIll It 3.000-f et runway, nltcd tutcs=landlng ficldll, enplane 1501 t wide, Was surfaced ,,,;th coral rumps, airfield installations such as gun rook and ready for planes. emplaecments, machine shops, powder 13attle·sc(lITed from I reoenl engageniagazfues, gasoline stoxage tanks, WOlter ment in the South Puci/ic, tho Enterdi~tilli",g units, p wer and r frj'1'erHtioH Wi.sc put into 'Dort and 75 Seahees plants and telephon systems, They came aboard to repair til shlp, While :l1so build thing for all other naval they were at work orders were received ncti ilies as well as aviatirm. to put to sea again, for a new encounter rICl'C'S atypical esbee cperation. withthe [aps, The Seabees went along They were put ashore On a SITlll11 SO\ll:h and actually completed part or the teP'lciEc Island. Tbey surveyed the best puirs while the carrier \ as" in hettie. 13

whieh tht" h;l%'l;llm!lt for naval aviation tht·ougho,.;t the WOrld. I~a 'll Seabee battalion comprises -1 construction companies of 224 men each und 011 heat:lq uarters ()(llfJ pan. of 16~) men, The new maintenance detnchment Ullrl~isl~ of STS men. W a ke, GUU,lU! 1I1ld Midway lsillJlds cl 1tI0r1stratcd that civilian laborers were u liability to defense, so tilt: Nuvy began ill urues], to eo Ii tits W"VIl build e.rs who could fight as well as work Today llu3're ure ~oo Seabee ba.ttrU(Ol1li eorn-

location (or a Nav landing field. As Soon &'< the site vas laid out, towering palms were dynamiled, bulldozed or CU~ out Tuns o! rock were blasted out of lagoons to provide runways .nud ruads, and crushed coral was luicl ,IS" base [OJ' iJ1teclo king steel mats. Bridges were thrown aoross streams und wugous buill to haul supplies up [reru the shore. Sea.bees Built Airport From Scratch '111e Seabees lived up to their motto of "Can Do" by ptltting in barracks for th naval aviator: and ground crews, constructing 110!>pit:1l units, Quonset
huts, power plants.
GUll

emplacements

[SEAB£E.S

..•

CorU'Dl

year that the enemy eccrrpied ew Georgia, the)1 did little ooastructiou work with th l'.xcep1i01l of heavy Ivgsnd-eoral pillboxes. l\J undu airfield uppeared to have been built by hand. Teo. days lifter American force.'> landed at Segt a pluue made an emergency land tng at it Seabee-con. tructed ulrflald, Nineteen unys uite the oceupal ion,

fl.1ng contrast to the laps.

AJo...I:Iill1CA." me. thods

£ten oHer

II

In the

stak-

the lield was ready for operation use. Shell and bomb-blasted Munda wa operating eight days aft:el' its capture although the japs had been unable ~o operate now lL for several lUUOUlS. ( ee J>RELODE 1'0 U VASII'..1N. tlti$ iNsue.) The story in the Aleutians paraJi Is the olli:b Pacillc sagll.\Vhe:re hattalicns in the latter isJllllds battled land crabs, tropical dill uses and J, ps, Seabees in ~he fog·shroUiJecluUl'lh fought mud,

rain and JapS. Fields that were morasses of mud soon were accommodating heavy PRY's on their lite l-rnat surIaees, \Vt:atlLer-prulJf huts were as Important us heavy ('ltlthes if the Navy's pBtl'Olplnnes and bomber' were to oprate Irum lH.LUh places as Attu, AmdliLlat, Ktskn and Kodiak fields. But Seuhees are DOt limit d t the Pacific area, as dozens of swiltlv-built naval [lir bases £rom Iceland to' Free-

F GHTING

AND WORKING,

SEABE

landing
IIrveyoT

ramp goes up where thi eabee is laying our cofferdam site

to land take using shovels

~p.-

STEVEDORE
14

work unloading gas one of maar task

anti-aircraft gun emplacement er up hJ Seabees, who also know how to ShOOl 11

lewn, \,Vt!Sl ~\ w"ir.,:a, will utitffll. o I:.heJ'l> draltlng, de.melllioll;, subgl'adeconsl:ruc1\011, IlIhri!C:fllIon, .gus f!ngil:le mobile are ill(;lutrd ill $lIylJ wiudy·separuled spots IL'S J\ Igiers, l\;oriJl Ireland. Bor- equipment piping lind. heaters, stills. wdclillg, re fri gern tion, .radio, geocn,luts, r'IIl~llt.l, PHIIHI1I!l, 'Jel,vflmlldlnud, Sicily. pnutuous, seamanshtp, wharves Olue! Omtiuli. Sm'uillid, Gr(·L!.l1IUlllL nud tm numernns W tJ!>t LndJ,:rn isl:tlllls. dodts, lrl:llh and ulasllf, earth-moving SIIO\·(>I~,bu lIdU7,CfSand cranes, .rIgging Showing !he varicly !.:If work requil'ell vf men on Seabee duty. the QUowillg and ship stowage, and even laundry specialiaed l1<tinillg isgi\'cu tllcm: operation curnes under their cognizance. ,1hi]]g, s-i gill Illu g;. nrc-tightiqg, carpenAll /\t .11.111 work III till: Seahees ffi THJL try. passtve defense, photography. UJl the bnttldronts. One badultou

scaled

out by jeep and hullclozer, four days ~hea.d of schedule, The Seahees have as mueh. esprit de cnl1l$ and "cempauy pride"ns nny division or the Navy, Tllf!ir accon» pllslunents speak plainly for Ih" corps.
and fuselage

nl the monntain and lowed tim IWllgs

Hamilton, ,10 miles [rom ill -the Cu]jfl)nli:~ hills, tQ salvage a wrecked Navy training plane, Tht"y huill six miles of nlMl fin the side Mt

their

C!IHap

PAVE WAY :FORN:AVALAIR

AC ION

DAMP

conditions out plane

fall. to slow
rUDway

ramp

IJ p these on South

for Navy thinly-clad

to fly another Seabee crew

···OR.S-H' P under
I.

.'

ground

the peaceful palms iii. a "church' set up by Se.ab,ee crews for naval ~viatO'rs. w:ith s:;out bom~e_r fo~ hackand pews made from planks sec oncrated lad_MS £orbeavy caliber bomb winch may SOOD hit Japs

lS

_AD ON WA E ISLAND
eviue~ue job ~bers domg Htho bot l~hotogrtl~hic are Wake Ismake it for the Japs
1!:1ill ~.
I)

N:wy

ttl

011

shuw We euemyceught

lmld. These ~hot.';, taken by oat...Ierbased plunes ulldng 11recent two-day attack against the JUJ?<Inese.held island,
\lUPIJlllg-theft

""
!I.

FUEl:- DUMPS BELC,. BLACK SMOKE, FLAMtS Jill' RGHTEJI

pO,5InOH5 PLANES .• "~K~ 'PROT!;;e'T A.NO WA:KE'$

REVETMDH!J
TREJIi.CH-E:>

BUILT TO,
!I.ARDED

·,.IUi'TEeT PLAHE$,
WIRE POSITIONS

B.

"1l'A"S"
DE"'CH~

c.

II teD,

C., [WII:

D. TRENCl-lts-

A'ND' MACHINE

GUN' 1l0SI:1'I0NS

I).

TRE"HCHES.

DAllIED

""IRE

'1;IRqLE

,ISLAND

IJgtnbers left wreeked and blazing on the runways. Out uf IS medium bombers 1;)11 the airfield. ull were destroyed except UDe~ which was in Rill isolated part of tile ~eld and already dtsrnanHeel. These pJlIlle..~ were Inl'g;;dy Neils, the: principal bomber used ill the COI1qu,est of the PhiHppine.~ and East 1J,1,dies •. and Betty,~> oue of J!llll1n';; most modem airoraft and a consistent raider h:! the SWPA (A circles at: leFt). Photu below shows some Rghter planes, Zr.kelJ und Hops, caught on the Be-Id·durin.g the attack. },~illlY of these were destroyed on the ground or in the 'lb!". Bam]' .damage to concentrations of lnillllings and. water storage b.cilili(]J;; is 110\ '.shov in these photos but the vu low t)hliqw'l" {belulI!} shows two of the fila! dllmp~ bluswJ und left burrrtng,

, IPS
Technique Often Saves Injury
NAS,
P!':NIJAOOLA-The

FROM

EXPERIENCE
"II}

II
~,e swells. The

How to Swim Ashore Safely

prQPl!f techswhumer to make :i landing III rough water on II 1'1) ky shore has been utlineel by {I ruMl1 u·ain.ing
IIjq 11

sorb shock it' $Wimmcl: l!oUldeSl'litl, l!l.1holOf.g;cd boulders I'll reels.

uique Lhat Capt. SJ\tY of the Mh1.mi U ivisiim h.1U lo\'d In,' ubout years ago, As Inntastie ,1S it may sound, the lilke-olI is OJ acle aim ost dead clown

IUi';].

9. II shore b not reached fin UI finl wave, attempt to retain torrner positlon 011 l'O ks m' swim \V1Ul Jmnth, oulv. AS' UI€' uext WIne nears, ussurru- silting posi1.iOIl ,,,iii! feet lorw.uu and if noees aTY, J:ep 'al procedur until illuding is mnde.
JII. W 11eli 11 large roc k offerS ~lIJ ,,~y, ~lth ..'nl.pl It> l'f'uciI the ,Jesln~( 1 litlid hy 11\.111.1 hlS: 011 the rnek at the crust llf UUl wave ,II,J hang 011 until the wav t cedes; then iOllek n new hold higJ,ru up hl III" II()iI~tOIf()Cf(>d Il n the n IlX ~ WII H!, when It I} Ii! Y be putS ihit· to elfru] WIl}' Irom llie '<llrf ((\ safety,

wind, snrRng WiUl

who hILS 1U1Lde- several hundred such. la.IldfugiO with no injm', orhe r thall mIn r 'y",",: 1. iludl' slaores Ill' reefs are to b UHIJd",d iI possible but they <l)'tI ll[)t all des-li<lrily daugerous w life ur limb unless til ext. 'Indy rough uter, 2. It is ulmust rnaudntury to retain [(lotg(}l!J' us rucks ur ~'oruI l'~I Ihe fee t bfldiy. t 'U leust I1J1C Ihil'kl1l:~s of clnlh.iaJg should be wow to protect tJitl hody from cuts.. and exposure, .:l. AnIII' examlniug tho shnreltae Iruu: [h", crest ill t) .1\'1:'11 when it is necessary to wake a Jalldillg, the swimmer should make his llppm,t<.'b. toward II locale. where hills slope toward the sea rather th,1TI ,here dUE line the ,slime. At the mouth of Ii ravine o~ at- Lbe foot of sloping hills, there i$ usually a small bench even (Ill U rocky
L.'{M~t.

school

officer

start is nuule ~ iH the swell directly beI.UHU you, lUI I ou sur] with It The ucceleratiun is inoredibly Fnst; YUH then attempt, it pnsslble, f{l turn enuugh to stay Oil till' uf the. swell. , Inund out "Ibe-rword that .aplaL,1 M was fwnlli1U' Wit11 lhts t chniquo, learnlna front 1118 ~:mH)O lWUI'Ce that I did=Captain \V. I asked him tn rnake the ta~ ·olf ti,~ lose t{} m as he could so that w might he vf some assistance in cas!'! l f an euierIftmcy and alsn fill tJUtt T could observe It. Fve never seen such It short take-elf. COn!>al'vatively I estimut that h was airborne with 75u f 'l and I 1'!chwll),' helieye it WOlS much shorter than t;:h.1L H<;: surfed down un swell ill1CJ was in the air hy the tUUG he was on the crest uf Ehe oue that had been ahead of him. lltl did not quite have Ilfhl~ speed and carne llm:k
UTI

th>

second

swell

that

L Nt'Nt Shill' i. to l\Jcnto It cove idl"llliIied by a puint oJ lana extending ~ liltitl out lo ClI. The SWil1l1I1er should uul try to hili,! On lLt· puint as wave" gEflleJ'''Uy make the beaeli at au <wgle, in dicating (Juillb;t water lu 111<' lee of the poiut. 5. Should the 8Pl)1'O(l ·11 at< barred by a heavy growth of seaweed. this iz> to Ute sw:i;rnnwr'y advan(ng", beeause water is qnieter in tile 1M of the "I... sweed, Ile 'Should not swim through seawl!ed but crawl over tho lop grilspillg the veget ••luJIf .ci far in II.d\ IIllec >IS l)tl~s.iLle. G, Observe [jIll shoreline f(lr II 1'l1,'t:,~ where WU\'£5 ]"11511 up OIl the rocks, rather l!tau brellkhlg down. void on), 111c s \\ here wuves burst with II high, while ~pm)'. III lllakihg au approach it is best to sw in! slo W ~y• heeause 11(11ing to thl'" d rooks requires a great deal energy. 7. He.-.i.momentarily at the edge of the breakers and $,tu d)' th e ,'oc..ks; P It k oue that seems rough t'11""gh tl.l offer hand grips. By T rrnovtng life jl1.cket and holding l~ witb nne hand the sWimmer will b carried fast er in surf. Aba ndon til f..lc1..."tuuly lit till! Jililli l1ll)l'llent when both Immls are requiTt"d to grip ti](: fOt"k or If LLe SJ1",ed traveled threatens to subUier c the swim-

had been nhcad of h1m, toucheel il lightly and Willi ill tile .rir lur good. 1 Ifsoma!to thtlt Iris take-off was made at 1l<,ISI three-fmllths u(JWlJ wind with n 15-ku 1 wind, The wells were about Hi fed und the ~en Mlight. but d1flpL1). ttJkt;-lIff in air P1l2Y-!l Irw fl)/lowilllJ, ,hl'lI' ft..> wind It. tl Increased (h!rillg th lime, with abou; 15 to 17 knot wind
Purl,j,m

tll

slu: ~(J!)urr

(Ill

CUJ'l~!lill I:l'~

night aud I estiruuted the swells were ~'Ipp[()xlmlltely20 feet bigh by this Thl' tecilUiqu {or CTu(;siJ\g a ce 'f i, the as for rocky shore hinding: (he swimmer OlU5l keep Ilis feet FlIt!'ly close log thor and J..'U"I~ ,lIghtly hent in II rclfu:ed t1til!l. tion while !!lfth,g ~o that when euntaut Is iliad .. will. reel n:r mck, knees will sen . us <I clI~hio[l ((I avnld severe sliock Ill' ini'I~Y.
'.Ullfl

blowinQ Irorn Ute ast, The sea was so bad-tlt.at we bad difficulty ill getting the motlll's warnied \lip as OCCllsitmally ulmost s ,lid water woulrl hit tLe pro" p llers. It would have &e1J1I impns,\-lble

Take..off Pro(edures at Sea

RepDrt

Exeerpts Hove Good Cues

to lake oD int(l tlie wind and ag().illst the suiolls. I had (Jut intended even trying to, however, and I used exa tly the same technique which Captain !vi had used. [hat! requested lWa Hep; take-off WI1S so [;.\lit thlll l"lrst Officer
unable

AlT/c't'i"il:ll Alnlllllls 1,r",[lid" &"erilillriJcla!11 I:1ICerl!.s1 ttl 7(/Jvtll IlJ)jatlil'~. N i\ N'I':W.., t'l!tcerllfl$ {IW$t' from (!(Heinl rf!pvrt,~,

'1'(lke.rr[f procedures adopted trlMr forcet} Imllif"g,~ lit "(I bQ twD Cllpta:'ills til! Pall

Wits (1.:111

11

mer.

8. AFllJr delennilling tluding llQi.ul, advttne into breukt!J~ following II 1a.l'ge Wave, FaCie 51. re, and assume a sittillg positiOtI with L1,e feet ill frtlnt two or lhtee feet lower t.han the hCl.w; tllIlS the feet will ilb·

aplain oouple u{
;) PBII18B)

I :rtayed
blIUl'S

w~ lwd

bll1ed over tho boding lInd l.. kc-olf o"er the 1'110l1e and J. had sug"
gested
tp him

t"

lhcll took off (iLl IlO'uc1the d sh'oyer !o U~.

(lD(L

wJI!b us For a

to use n lake-off

tech-

we wore in the air. We got oH in upptoximalely tl c smne distance fual Captain M did \ ilb lou\' or nve kuobi morc wind Lmd a 4 to 5 feet hlglJer swell rutlning. II Es Qbviolls that tlus teclmiql~' is tile Dilly teolmiq1Jc thal can be rfm::'ccssftll1r useu wilh large pl:Ul in th open sell. Le., startlug lend dawn win i With the swells at yom stem and surfing ",,'"feh them lind ill tempting to Slay au lop of swell ahead uf y u when you: s~il..ed. .t
17

lob

to get the Ilup down

more

fur

~"l'F \ H,~I'BI J [1l.1.- The U. . Nil"), Pre-Flight "B" ltla", allli Duka ,~i\ ersity'~ [unior varslty h",ci\JTIIO" he Htst 1:'1"0 hmUmll t teems el el to be Lro 1)5- Ni.\'i\Vf; I ported t(~ Ilit' ~rl(; tJf a WWlI! hy ~djd\·l' pllli'« ~ when lit y t~ll\ elcd 6y tl.~lt ml'UI(Jll ((I CUlup I\I:wk II rt·('L'lII!Y. T!tr.'" (',..47 [nnll\' -

~W~·

iltg .1 C .4:t (:l,rtfOr -gl"ler.

Um Il,'rll:c(1 'vvmhlm.~ AifjlOrl

l,,-,rt I,l,mes. each

low-

look ofF fr()m

here, l'\lr~y-

+ Ait(;rnfl citll'tu!r .dueUng should be grounded as II. precaution agaiust. ~tulic electricity discharge which m3Y cause lim lit e);1l10!.i( 11. t ew gasollues now hcing produced are said to luurerllie Ute power derived from uvilltlou engines from around 28,;,< of the poteutiul up to 35%. Tt,is !l)o;:U1l5 II terrific iuerease ill explesiv J)(lWer, ,,,,J.uch bomber and Bgbter pilul'S ,,,<lJ1ap~ preciate bot wb.lc.h will make it JUNt Lhld nmoh mere teIllQeJ'lt.meTI.tal.
"'PFS, -r, !\lA:nY~s-Tb.e \'f;.r~ ultimate ill military training was observed the otllet Uay when Iour cadets with ankles out of alignment were- seen coming from

SE.f\IT]....G~L(;'i"'tU'c1y n~'l.ug, nUDdress, II llClIll.til'ul asluuJ fur 111111LLUg, fiJ;Jull!;l. swunnung und other reerealU,ll, t·PhtlQrlJ.1U!C

NA', uniform

blll'tllcks, gUIld Cow-I-Il

all sounds Hke u sen iCt;IfI<lll' Olupi". The uan.e, !lll,lrC" c, is "V]uuuey It ·t 'lIlllv and It.'s It r ·,lHY-HIlI It dream, Idcnlly 10 .1,t~d in nn exoelleut hUIIUlI1! uad l'lshlu' eouutry, LillOn"Sl G.IlUP 'starU!!lLcd on \ hidb 'Y 1 dnllfl lilts been uppro ved by th UI III nand or Flee L Air Io r

UIII

US" nf

llJfi('llrs

and clilisted
and

Ave ruurntes later the two [-e,l!)] were lit unp Mackall. 75 ~I1LLe' away. Hal! lilO hl'l\ S Weft' cureJ".:! hr glfcl er~~ tll other
haU
III

of Tl'l.·t'l Air.
UIIHs.

S"ilHJ~.

v iSiting

11l~J";If1Imel lIirc.'t'nft

trunspurts,

Stra

l\.\P ". K ...r,:SA" : H\-The 'AA hu i. III folluwing ouutiOIlS PI! tlu hnncllltig of lrigh- test IPS!.'} lie! + Aviation lIusoHne gallewUy has lead nthl!!u til iTlncl.l~1.' its "O,'II'1jlt," lI.ud leud resdllv ~~lItC'tll 1111' human <>j'slt'!ll nu COUIn...·L ·;",111, lilt, skill, 'I1ml cool I",e]jn,g of quid, l'~IILl(,'rnlipil dOl,.., not Sig-Illfy 14ut tlll' Pl1iSOHt1\1S I'-".;Ill substance ItII,S gOllt", >tuJ wi~'lll1g tilL' skill dry of gnscliue drlves 11.5 lead "Pllt<:l,l IlIl!) the p('lrflS. Tltt1 tnll)' cause duftllil.e lcao j1oisonl.lIg or slow-healillt,l{}

i·k Hay

.!>'Willging ill
J

I "rfl'(_·t

un isol1

lill

their rather ungainly crut be deuce uf Htn , ~ mC Ta1lEE.

to the ca. Wl.N C.

est case 111 Sick HIIY re :(lrds i~ [hal "I' the cadet who t.'1ITJI<' ({""'Il iu.~t bcl'lJH" IiL!>" one 1'1"\,(>,,1 llig,M nslng

NPF • low

Cl'I"\"-

11J& treatruonl 101' .1 rill bite, ']1,(, 1.o}'~

lu~ <;"n'~.

NPlCS. QlAPEL II.:u.L-Kiclcing the rusty Np~th C1-Irol.ina dU$t ill rCll1l(l ste.p~ II column of cadets eluinped to a [lalt on a natrow road, Into the woods cluttered with heavy undergrowth and roofed with tall lobloly pines moved tl gr.oup headed by a lieutena!'l~:and a brace (If ensignS wenril.lg
unseamanlike woodsman's hoot'! aud. hunt-

UIe- mnnhi a Wilsie basket but 11\.., y./tHI.g Fl11"k 13twk WU,i nillVOil wheu lip- ll'il1d tr> hriug it huck 111iu'.
~()TJll'!red

h(td
ster

two Slln ivors d a

M "A • ST. l'JilOM/l.S, VUUHN Is.-FllfLy·

tol'[)

dtJl!d

lit

chnnt H',-

Leaded ~(l~lIlilie should L w t:;lwu ul-\' skill uud ,llIl ..I clothing: with U k'tllid minerul uh ent, {"l1uw t! U} pleHty ol ·so. p nnd WOII e.r nnd lit n rhuroughly drled, rr it !tots intn t}II:' eyes. oli'o {' ~lil ~h(1111dh" nppH'1d iml11mli1l1e'lr ((":lstOl' or nrineral 1111 is ,·ds!"I w~t'f1,I J, $.1111 tI,t! vietim (,IlI'n III all ophthalmologist. Cas(llirllt nn the Skill [w..'le.,l.I, clnl.blug will cause bli:st",clug:, ;mJ l if Il'e do!.l1ing ,tst'lf is wet may lnduee se ere burn s. Gawltoe snaked rags should ue tll' he vut I" il po ket (II' nth",· confined pInee. t Gasnlim: hlmes ure both to~·d(!_IUd plosi\'e. 1'Lwy ronuer the hUlll~\n Imlln illadi\(~, I" [\ WIll', I Llw lilllUitit. f. inS"lIlCleIlt to bo detellted by !i.meIL Wheneve,' thl~ ntlm it u!ltected the f1JilJre Mea ~h('!uld be \ '~llti1aled tIt OUt..... ~m!il t1,· .:>ourCI! nl'
the
fllUlM

cado.ts \VIIS ab-out t I ht~gill: lessens ln woodcraft for tIl(' )'1Il.1I1g fu ture Hh_,po wllu might some day Gnd themselves afoot Mel
"l"lle. Wllne

ing knives, The II w 'st course In til!' :-.l vy's crowrled curriculum for aviation

trnt~d some lure I1f

cadets

\Wltt'll!;:"',

a ~wn!tlpy sput. ~

i\ lI-L Olle fntll1c1 dug lip dihl rtl\lt~ 'JI -a t-La l ls, An(llh "f

tln

ufficurs

dcmUIl-

...o;.~

showed 1 fisiJ
fOI'lL

how
lill

to twist
(rum.l
I

thvrH'-' I lwig. WIUl(Ckud tmt

SI.lCliLlll

tlrtrd foul'of

nC wU.!

5d in the Carihbean area were rescued recei tl hr ~1'1:~tllt1ll"\.. \ lhis SI,ltillll. TIlt' rew IC:tTJlt-l(1 tltllt a esse! w is suuk nnd proc .eded to the ,itt< nuder <t lverse weather "·mlcljtiol'~. T11C!y IIIninlaiHotcl 11 (I. 1,(lUX vigil lJPlll srrrhicc vessels enuld !LTrJV[l :~lId pick up the StHviV(II" who wore HOilting in tbE' wall"! aNd 011 hits of wreuknge. AU combat erew members have exh.ihited greru ('an' lII'ld energy \\!tlle 11~'lltg ill tl,j~ m·f"<l. hill 11 itI till ill the tlILI,'~ "11rk for St. Thnmns Mnrlnes, Th .. pi1~J have ,''''''lIIltnluit'cJ huudred ... of lrours "f III' -r 'i W ttlit' tI),lJlg in sill~le-engiIJ' InndVl<w', itlld nil IlUt Ih" vel'\' 1I<'\v ',1, [lilnr~ lHl"t, llssM II lit I·\i;· r ~I'ile SlIn'l\Ofs.

nr

!,':[1Ul1t"ill (lr'ppcd a

whEel,
cupful

clear
high

wulcr,

surprjs~

Evenllrany caciets will he L'l5~~d n 40-1n. pack. TLcy '\~ll be I;rut'k-ed oJ! 30 Or -w l.ilr iH\a fill 1,'1', ~I)IJ!,<:In fill .. ~pln~b·p I1l1ll1L miles. given a compa1i, tid tol(l tv lind b,.£nr th y rise tn the \""wl uf hunUllL their way honl . '>cellL There $hould be ttQ ~1ll!)killq. IIIlU posiLively 1'1 JighuIlg ..r mate!te~ .uL t\,W <,on.fined pLace wllere gjl501ine i l!to.re<t or even ()utdnn1$ 1n the ilnmediafli' proximity AI'C, CORPUS Cllnls'l'l~ln a smvl.:Y f [hi]; _t1<lwerf\-ll 1'f'J'lid, conducted illlilmg lVi(lt1ou cadets aud enC:ts(llinc ,honkl, ot be left iu ;tll °P'", listed nWII "lId WOlntlU ;It ",_"TG, det.-'fI qOlltaluel' or pouff'd from Oll{l I:{llll;;t!m:r to YCaffl,ll1g \>las (!Xpressed rnr a whHe Christ-amlther uI11ess g()[IU ve.llll,lUon [lfl'vnik nl~S-:lDd the ChrislDlll$ !'rIC'C tIll'"~ ].;111·'" back home, As one hl.llejnd-;-et· put It, ,·\.nd if ,lOr ill spill.,d H ~IJ oul<l bt! i[mil edl"'Yon can'! just hang ynm C.I. ,ricks ml II ateir cleaned up WIU !Ill.)' g!lslJ-llu" soaked rUgll or \vnste safaIy M.J!6!;OO "r Pl'01Ill)tly. C.l, Qlwk and 0011 it hrMln~." t
F'lfUCS hom

located

!lru-I oorrected. an'

.\ow;>d [Ifld Lionl

1m!; dt'!siglled and is 1l~!llg

drw-ll..:l
dnul1~ 1'01" til

Nll.S

OL..\r H[,-Tim lxueil!g

itllJlLIo;!

A&R 'Oqlarl ",~'"t

10 ,tuing

'i

liwt"-:;inlin)( gc;ir Lmh'

gasolllll;

ll~D.vicr tilal<

ILut

btak'!.IH!

-tildly ("'''npn~tld (,f tt lu,)k!r-drheu ~"aI1l1!II.lt wheel \vhich ca." he urfnUl~ljy l'e\'l()tu'tJ nbnllt lile bnll..c drllrll. TIle wl;"o1 'Ilindle is used :\J; a. 11,lllTe hll h [tntl thl' SiwdwJ! ..Ii"k revolves fU'I>IlIJd d,e Ltako: shoe. '111tl resllll Is lbnl it hllJIJ )tllW' ,h)wTl lh' lTigll .~pots. thereby ArjndhJ~ a l~er(e('t dt..,IJrni' ~Ime wI li(.'l I. III tum. ,ViII b0"011 avunly 111 Ill! pj)inl~ witllill 11m lm.-ke Wllm_ .4.. No. US8 Tr,or Ligl,~ Duty Porl,l])Ic glecl1'i~ Sander: iii llSt'I]. Nn. 24 nr N<"\. 50 pap",r is I1'lIIpll'1ycd tm n ;'I:J~-il1t'h disk

wilh

be

In.{)TP

.I'tI'fely di,.hibul<ld

rl');l'lwt III

boLl I wI ,p('!I~, H is

und

action b!Lhmood

'I'm

('-'>"'Il'I,-

18

NA'IT " CrueA o-Forty per C;CII! of nil pecSQl111611n.ll ill age g:nJUpil between 17 and 22, a swvey taken at the hcguuuug of th curreut liscal )'eaJ' reveals. Of 11.", If) ptlf cent.oiua,'1:1.1 personnel wider 20 )lairs pi age, th labul~ltil1ll shows thut. two per cent are 17-yeat:-olds; eight pc" cent are 18, nine per cent ore 19 anti ttllother -eight pel' cent are 20. The largest smgle gJQU;P are the 21-. Ilur-olds, t:antp~ 11 per; cent 01 Na~)' p rsonnel. I)lacing second it; !:til; 22-year:.okl age group, with 1:0 per CCJlt. Five FE'I Cfi,nt ale 25-yeal'-ulds. Two WIIJ 11 hall pet' cent are 3i1. One per Cent IIfC 35. 0111.' par cent arc 40. Although No""), ltle is th e best iII the world, only I.llh··lelltll per cent are 45 or elder,
Navy

Dead Reckoning and Celestial Navigation Problem

ZT n~Jo the on position was LaL~ 2!J~ 20' '. Loug. 15S' 3W E. CS 140 K, Hight Ie .I 113,(lOO ft., at about the smne time, the llnvigalvt
maar,- Ihe fn!luwhlg the
1

(A) On \lay 1. 1943, fl pntrol plane was Oil u COllfSC uf 00;:!<. •\t

KATe. P1U.-V AL.oLl.-Th twelfth nulversa:!")' of the creation (If J. Cm;li'ng. the. feathered proWJ1'pc uf the naval aviatil'lll cud ·t. who 1m been the sqU!iw:killg, yet devot(ld. mascot of Peosacolalhght studell ' '\ er since hi birthday, wal; observed IWI![JUY, TIle CT tor, tllllV au assoclete en radio engineer It! the A&fI Department, notlced hack itt 19i:ll the simil.tlrity (l~ tween the landings nf ge and the NY seap lanes lind suggested the UJsignia. Thus, J. G()~lil1g antedates the now pUplllar Donald Dnl.!k hy several years.

~)b'i(jrvu:illns iI[' u bubble

octant, tIl I.e. or whieh was (-) 0 • Solve each sight For Be, '":1" uud Zn, plot <lila label the LOP·s. mJv :ulCeJ Of retired to Z'f 0830. Statu U, Lnt. lU'ld Lung. ef the fix:,

Iorm lllid Sun with

I
T. 2..

Moan

Sun

,IT 08"-27'''-00'

IT 08"-36"'-00'

NAS, aI!N.Kl~lt HU.l.c-"P')P-II£f'· sesslous, 11. new method of cade,t Cl(preSsiull. has been iusUtul d lit thi~ S.bltfuU. The reglment meets or IHb.!cn ruinutes two Ql three times weekly willI the regimental officers present. AllY cadet I'nay t'lke tilt' '11001' for h;,,~e1f and hi.s .mates, II his suhjert i~ 0'1 !.Le rj.g'hl track, his ~hlplilates ~ignJly their agreement by applause or Tl~ couragiug remarks. if he i olT {)1' II tangent, the sounds issued fTom Uu' assembled cndets are easily jn terpreted, ,! Wocn II good suggestiou is made, PO li111t! is lost in putting it into practi.ce. The o!Bcer-m-cllarG'e act.< immediately Or tn.ke.s it up wJ:t4 his supericrs. llCl10rts indicate morals .Uld efficit"ncy of tb r 'ginlt'J,t huve frnproved greatly '15 U result ot this inuov ati On. US"NlI-L BRAZIL-Exactly four years the day it was Ilrst placed ill lil'T ell with tlre, U. . \'avill Ml siuu ii, Brazil. -iI 12,'3 plane was l'e\"'~mtly sh 1T/iX"] to lin ov ..rhmrl Janillty in tJw Unltl.'ll St:IteIi. Iust tW1u1;! in fnnr yews WII", tht! plru~.~ out of eomrnisslou except fur routine "j,eeks, Oll<le a ffiUJulg gear was wiped QU l ill !1 laadiug uccideut n rid t] re other repnir job called [fIT ropluclug (III engine cylinder following failure of a piS. 1I1 ring. Durloe the ·18 months of continuous "mphi.bfllu $Ol"j(,l('; Ul!> VlRII!: underwent all du;, rigqrs n.f tropjcal sun, humidity lIJ1L.] water landlngs, whlle behrg serviced by the am' plune eap in. r I.>entl)f pr mot ·,1 to hid' Machinist.

h.
Kc 4.

h.

20"-17'

"a '"
till

5.
6.

. •••.•••••••••••

, •. __

3.

7.

Fix Lal.
Long.

(B) You are navigator of n PBY whose ZT .2140, .lUll SO, 1043, DR position was Lllt.~6· -3S' N. Long. 178~ -12:' W on us 030". CS 132 k, flight level .20,000 ft. At ;J!1I.Ju!'ZT 2Q()O )lnu nlmlt' the ro-llnwl:ng nhservatluns with tl bubbll;! eetnnt whoso J. ,was (+) 7'. Solve the Sights, plot and label tl1e 1. P's, nclvanced or retired to ZT 2200. State the Lut and Long, the fix,

or

rnnn

Pot'His
IT 21"-S6'"-·S8~

ArflurllS

:2,2'40"'-02'
26 -12'

22"-06"'-2.9" 48'-27'
,. __

8. 9.

He "aU •••• , •.•.

11.

<Olr.

. ...

'1"2.. 13,

• ••••••••••••• .•••••••••••.• _, ......

10, tN

14•.•....

IS.

Fix Lit'.

.. ....... ••••••

Long. ,

UJ),I'ide.duwll: Gilt ill corn r of page 23 of De/81U1iIJe Tacllce Aguirwt Hg'lt~$. l.'OuIidential mnnual recently pu blislled and di!>.trihuted by Vi11tiOO training Dfvlsion. NAN~ws Jill, 11ask d to ~11 ulteutlon. lQ\\1er rtght-hand

ERRATUM~Prfllfer.l

19

FRO
T

TAL

THUND
derstorm having
to enter it as
It

RS
was
100

ORMS
I bud
1 ap-

ID is It report uri rhundersrorrn i1ctivity encountered by u avy pilot" on a summer flight from \; ashingtc n, O. C .• to Memphis Tenn. The Hight chrough a rbundersrorm area j n advance of a surface warm front em phasize some of the imporram. point ill BuAer' T., -·43 ( ee NANIi\VS, is ue of 7/1{4 ),

between IDe large towers, Dilling this proeetlure, 1 new on instruments about four minutes. Luter another thun-

an anvil top was approached.

ext nsive to Hy around.

preach d the advance side uhove the turbulent area and passed through thin section of the main tower, Tak~ ing time of year and terrain intD consideration, I .kuew ic.:ing couditiens prevailed at l:dgher altitudeS, While cruising at 8,000 ft. .&OID Pulaski, Va., to Tri City, Tenn .. I noticed a large thunderstorm covering SO to 40 miles directly ahead, wing to cason and
temperature, il was advisable to gothrougL storm as

flight from Washington LIl l\ f.NUphis, I made a study of the weather For the pre\ JIlIlS Z~I~hOlrJ' eriod, Tlw 01:30 weather map (next l)ag ). p indicated a slowly mo ing wann Irout lu vicinity oi Kn xville. L pp er air data obtained b) radlosoud wer studied, The aerolngist pointed out that W,UIll Lor rising over the enid wcdgo in advance of the surface Front was uwt ble aud would give considerable thunderstorm activity. Forecast indicated tbund rstonn a tivity bl'" ginning inearly aftemoou and beeorning "Norse. , Durio :rlligM while c.:~'Ll4illg lit 8,000 ft, 011 top 01' overcast, towering cloud formations appeared iuereasi1Jg in Leight until it became necessary to cuter rome of the storms. AI>Qroaciti IIg a large storm area having a rabbit-ear appearan 'C_ 1 uedded to altar f1.i aht path
NP..llEPAllATI()N fO.r n
• 'I'll" pil"l
l'I(j""~~'t~l
rl~l1.j$ .U nd

low as possible, as air temperature

indicated Icing con-

di:tions were present at hlgher altitudes, Also, vertical eurreuts of air were Increasing with a1Utude, 1 descended to 6,000 ft. after receiving ATe .learanc for cruising at that altitude, I stuuieu the thunderstorm carefully to determine best position to enter it.

Formation of the tops (about 85,000 ft,) showed two thunderstorms had joined, It appeared that ceilings beJaw storms were about 2,000 ft. 1 turned to the west,
cruising -parallel to 1:11 storm Iront 11 ntiJ I nonced a e poinl between two hqavy rain areas, . I selected a position al 6,000 ft. that would place the

I )'N~r'"

,1'11b mn,],' rh- Ih~hl d.. er;]",,1 b"r" I'll. 11~,1 1l! l'O"~' of "'1~'11 TPi ·n ~n,-"I \~"-ljLt'.nI' Rt~111'-~ l'uwfI l4J..,vll I,.r~·.u,~· tin" IhlHl:! 1~1l'!l l~p~~(!iJ tl.).nk'! i1H~1I 1,8UO 1um~ h"'h~'Uu!! '1011 1111U!III1JP I'll ~•.

Hight path between the Tam areas, Yt:J"Y little turbu1 nee was Doted passing through the storm. I ncountered 'heavy rain but experienced no Hying discomforts, 11 ByiJlg through this storm was on .instruments. Thunderstorm aoti ity predominated the plan 's entire lUght.

2.0

was plauned from study of weather maps <UJU houriy teletype weather 1<{'PUfts, Rna racllosonde datil 'Wt?l't, used to dl"tcrtuiJJ(: type of air ulassesgO\IB1'11i1lg area over n)\~tl:'. Weather encountered bail been expected. 8rH] it was known thttl' part of Iliglrt would have (0 Iw made on instruments,
ITIS Fl"lm,rT

DlIl'lnglligbt
(mostly tops),

1 kept close check of cloud

temperature and temperature

fnrnmtiolls

changes. and eland color to detenaiue density of (lie storm and altitude at whfcJl area should IN aJ~'pr(la!.!,hf'!L 1 avnidud towerfng cumulonimbus douds as vlOJeut turbulencewas evident it) tll em , As f1irtemperatn,re Indicated icing conditions at altitudes above 8,000 ft., Lllew at or below that level. r Altbough thnndesstorms met Oil this _purtie-utal' llig!Jl were not extremely violent, tile report indicates type of
wentLe_r amJ H)'1illg ecuditions a pilot should expect when fI~iug throngh such an area. When a "contact' pilot sees a wMtht'i' mnp like tb{,OllB aceompunying tlns article and receives lJ toreCllsl ef "'col,h'iWerahle thunderstorm activity hoginning in early altemoou and beeornlng W~1"S-e as nlt:e:ruoo.11 progresses," he should plan no flight toward an approaching storm nrea and sfwllld S/fly tin gll()lImr a!> storm area apprcaches field.]

STORM

TIPS
)'UI;I

'TO PILOTS
Never land 'u ;<11 lIir(,>OI:'I. wben 1.. ehunderstorm it; i.J· vancmgroward field .Sh 1111 ITg surface wind~ multe 11 !!H' hntnrd,lU5 ap undertaking,

tt1nps (lr tlegarture II n d -dCl'ri nario D areas ~D d Q.rI:~~ iblll i1 re In between. Stud>: \Vhl;(I \lpproaching
11

Consul;

a~rulogic:tl

ofike£.

have to go (hrouglh fl¥ herween the morrn centers or 0""1' the saddlebacks,

2
3

rhun-

derstorm, nnalyze h befor",sucroundiug douds are encountered. Make it flwc, f)ug,h study of the .!oci:~uatloD, Cir.cumnnvigllt!! -IJ storm if YOll ftn,1 iI [lu$_~ibl ,(0 de so. e

1
8

Ii you can't ... e blue sky e beyond storm lind ,T'luJif go throush. determine direclion Storm is taJ,:i_ng and he-ad in !II H right angle,
OnCe you have headed ,info storm, don"! (urn back.

13
14

1't

If you do, you'Il huve to fll'

through same" conduion

~rhcn you expecr !O try liigh leY<l'l tlIght in flying a S1Orm. gel altitude before ~PP1"1l3o'Ching- if, so thac yon ,(tl.' on lOP of cjou(l: shelf Muund the storm line he. (ore ~(jII"ClIIlJt yo W" course. The
:I!titude Ill' around
IUp5

9
,

twice lind yon may gel Iost, In.enrering (.Funl of TI I_bun. dersrorm, go ;_[1 low .md If (:(I'nditJllns ",jlJ perm il. 11)' under-the base ,,,f the storm.
Hoteling a: storm from rear,

neCeSSlJ1Y to and over

saddtebacks of a thundecstorm will \,U'), w hh seasorrs and larhude in whkh you

higb 1:;,000 feet is g:enen!ly sufficient. Tn the U-<>pi.cs, I<:lJlS (If .~:t.d·
I ~.U;Otl
to}

encounter latitudes,

~cur-m.

In

10

Y'}U will expezience do IV nui.;fi!f first, So gll in h h~ lJ.

Don't

dlebacks

rmw

btl

abnve

4
.

mountains, Ay <11 few IlI1iC$ {() se.ilWllrd and avoid them. I'll' around isloncl thuode1'"

In COll~I:I1 Jl'lI'g1.on~ where thundersto ems.prevail do o:g

fly tlliderl;le'llh chuodeesrorm unless

C")f11M:t

the yuu

can mninmin

Oighl.

cellirrg of yo'~~ a.ircn.ft U.IHJ you. mil)' have co !I). rhrough sadd lebecks <>11 inS,tru· ruenrs=-a procedure, thu! is r<:-sommcndci.:l (,!Ofy fot high PCrfOl'fllllnCi: ail'c::mf( .•

storms which may be thousands of feet higher than thoS<l' th~t .Il'~~ over open ~ei!-

15

LighTning is of Htde eonsequcnee wb!;11 ),OLl are Jlyir,lg:

nn alf-ru erul, dosed cockpfr phme. If y.m're Ily'illg npen cockp.1t plune 'm' one wid,. Il plywood or plaslir

;I"
ro

Cold front thunderstorms get:leC'a1i)' stretch (()O Jar ro II)' around. rf ):'01,1 r.... that d

keep- !,way [nUll I1gtuni I'Ig.

rILQe14,gc.

his

heltl:'f

21

I MERS FOOT
Foot and 1(alsu kuown Tnlrwhpain and unnecessary

WHAT TO .DO ABOUT IT •

1Ilpnomm use of most uirl in trPaung bt ... [v.ll~'1nNFClCN n'~ Wall'I' Hits) marty tim~s has cnused serious complications, 11 has, in fac been the tilted cause of crll1plllalirm. JM].fEnSlO Fuo'r il; gellcrally found among survivors who

hal ,~pel1ltnany days huddled together in a life-hullt. Restrieted. movement of legs and f t constantly Immersed in seawnter creates .1 circulatory distnrhanc or 'on ·tri ·tiol1 of cAflill~ies and small blood vessels, It hnugj,. no immediate pain is felt, feet and legs gn'lw COla"'T ,s eireul,» tion lows dO\\'11. ~1)1j( rury ~o popular oplnlun, e frernely C'uld wal r is n t file sole cause of this allmen t. hHIF.RSIOI>< Foo r occurs in warm cuthem waters as well 111:1 0'1 Ill!:> ~qrlJ I <\tlnnti('. It has beep (JT!1ve!.1 tUnl water just eold enough lu chill the e tr mtties will produce the tell-tale ~~flllpt ms, indications flnt become uppurent when the vidirn's reel hegin to feel II iuvy, ..vuody, fwd numh. ,olol" of skin turns waxy-white and is spotted wit' I purplis]: nreas, 'egs and f t Are In 't'Tlsitive ld pain or tern p rature, and lat J' small "Jells. or Watel' blisters. d velop whieh are unusually SLlScltptiblo to tnfeotiou. Cangrece can BflSi.ly rlev lop during
thill stage.
ll.OMJ'rt.A

Tns

I"ME

r, Thi will aid

gr >Hldeal

In iJ?':Sli'n the degree of thermal injury and jJl'~\ enl inf dirm, It is in11JOrtnnt to keel) (he. feet dry !lml warm. Nn item !If clol1ting should ever he removed rml SIi them i$ II ti lu-

ness severo enough to 'use

triction. T sho:s become un ecmforta b lo, it 1. wiso In r move L11em ana prot 'OIl tll fel't by greasing the slJn and \V1'<lI'Jling the otxt-remitics ill m!d hits of Iuti I, EJCV:lt~ legs and exercis toes,
C II

Medical Treatment Will Save Feet

~d,unageu tissues}, N VCr rub f· ~l nor );1. int di~<~nfeetants. 'I\'(lund.~, CIJt ant! sores .IJ!Juld be dusted lightly witll sulphanilimlde powder to PTI:'HIDt further infeotion. Blisters should r Ie handled like a eund-degree burn, D urin g this p dud of sterile infkuur.oaLiuD~ congestion of hloo 1 In d{w_[lQr IbsllC:'S will caw surface temperature to rise us Ltigl'! ~ 00 degrees. Unless this excessive temperature is reduced, hlis ers will swell and cause acute pain. Tlll~ ledllll!,'al f"pinnaliClo is this: "Warming Increnses ttl tnbollc d rnnnrl for oxygen on the part of cutaneous cells to u gr ater e~enr than !,)IUI 1,,0 met by the supply of blood thr(lllgh injur d suhcutanocus vessels. Anoxin tlleref(lr;e en ues with severe pain, increased exl:rIWl;ISa-tioIl of [lui I. and necrosis of 'he skin." Hestoring use or limbs is a slow process, and may b acconlpIi hed h)' applying- til theory 1)( "treating cold with eold." Feel <11'1' surrouncled witb a dry beth towel, a layer !~lcotton waste, and a rnbber sheet Lo keep extremities COTnpletel dry. Two I() fon it' -bags then re carefully placed ur'01tnO th PHtll'l'll's legs and allowed t(l mall slo~ly, As congestion of blood subsides. the number of ice-bags can lIe' 1'"l'dll~'e(~ nml Ilually snbstitllted witI1 h1allts: of 8 fan. sure lie rosi
!lliml

aboard, W swollen, blislered h::et, should be ami their skin prote ted against rupture of blisters and pres1'lJ.>N SIJR l'eSluec]

rvous ate

wlth chilled, anesthetic,

~lJ1rie,t1

they

CROSS SECTION OF MUSCULAR TISSUE

NORMI\I. now

C;APII.ILARIES

""RMIT

liB~OOI)

TO

FREELY IN

HANDS. FnT,

DR.IIwlNG

ILLUSTlI"Tf:S

LARC,E-PASS IN

.. C£W .. VS WHIC~ £lITREMlnES

.. RE PI'IESUIT

NORII'IAL

,~

.... ''I'.' l.
_ .., .~.'

witll

'lTllUg

~O"'STRICTED CAPH.URI£S
QLOODCIRCULIlTloth WOODY BY SOIlES FEElJ"'G AND IN .CA'U5E MEMBER,

sLow
NUM_

DowN liND

FOLLOWED GANGRENE

POSSIBLY

IlY

22

ALBATROSS
(u\ isions 01 F Ill's took off froIIl a South P~lcHk' u,lun(l In meet It ~'(~tl!pl!sed u! up11uu:dmutel) !:ifteen Retty sand ZeTO e (,' Ids. T'h expt'J"i~m't' lit uri i\ [;u:in" liruteltliTlI !J; a lyplt;a.l cxuiuple of Wh,1t can huppon in aerial COlllU It uud the )ugt'rJLLilY denrandeel to b conic u survivor who lived 10 t 11,. Th.iR is what happen d to him: ,.I CIJ III d seu ~tree Ze ros co 111in g EI'¢'lm TIl ril;!lIt. ODn of w];id, llUU me perf(~ctl>' bcrestgluecl an I was shl)oting

SAVES MARINE

FLIER

T h(J~ey

\VO

[ ('lmUnued tlli$ in spells fw Ihe L111.mce of the ait{J1110UIl. t sundown. L got buck iuto the: boat and tlktl sailIIJ.g. .Aflel' a couple uf In, 11'.• it slurred to rain, so 1 laid down in lhe boat, put UI' sail UVeJ" uw. uud wool to sleep. "I awoke altvr awhiLe, very cold nncl
lu climb out of righl and hl!;'w Jacket. AI: the same lin II; Zeros g~lover my IU:Jadbut strafe me. J g()t out IJf my [ started r gut not the plane. lip JlJy Jif ' 1 w two

,111

lroll out of me, J dov U(JW1J. Zerus were m. king runs on roe bUlll ~111iu . s As 1 was dlviug, I ~aVl oil going over the top of my hood. Th gau e T aU ~() 11..'1,and fiualiy tirol.)pcd to 0, All' speed Iell to 1·10 kno~!I. 'I'h temperLTblT of the c),lfnder hcuel WM skyhigh, Lskuinnod along above the water
ut ubour 25 feet. "By theu J knew 1 WAS gfling h~havel(1 make II \ atei laucli1lg,l;u 1 IbC:k, II 1r1y .~II(llIlder straps, waking S1Jre they Wl'H) Iusl by lYitling back and then

pushiug
PI'f'HSUl'C

forward

agcln.

J foun 1

nd

hack on th stick, so r imm('cbntaly put down {t ':;0 degroe or Ilaps ami kicked hurd light rurlder. T hit the water Itt 1\11(111 t ~10 knots. hit rue in the Fuee_ but I , asn't knoekecl (Jut. Bloud started running clown toy nose and my lip was badly 'ut. The
water wns np :U'ulH!d my \\ nist "Th

uu dIe ell11ll'llls when

1 pulled

\"I1Ole

dash board came

IIp

nnd

wheu

they rlidf"t chute nd Inflated the boat. Tile paddles were missing so I jus~ rested in th taft. "Duriug tho afternoon, an aUJ,atl'lJ~~ tI!;'w aruund IIlC' [LOU made a !andjnp; iu L11ewater nearby. fter a few rna: IIIe Il t~ it toak of! again b ut r tu rued to land un u1\I ankle, While it was lQokU1g the other way, I quickly ['tlt my other Foot over its legs Mel neVI rrn tv it r r about :GVe minutes. Tl!e hiI'd raised such hell trying to bhe me and moving aroi ind making a lot or noise, that I had to wring its neck, ",Vlljle 1 was choking tb·· bird, it spit up ahunt ~lI'rE'e 1ish ill th(:l iJoltom of the hrml which 1 kept, I:bi:o.klng I would need them \ hen 1 hit IM1d. r tried paddling with Iw(') k.. ives, but a n hali an liour of that prov d useless so I -glwe 1111. 1 decided 10 try swirrlnung so 1 went over Ihc ide 01' th boat, li"(l it to IIlC. mHL trl d tn putl it along.

ahnut SO ards uwav, I tri d to use my pi itol, rl would,;'1 we rk, r lO(1ked fOl' salety matches, but couldn't Iind them, J tried yelllilg. I'hey (lidu'l hear.
Ix I) them
W III

wet. I heard It nui: tl lik.e 11 11111101' und til n saw a hip headed west. It pus ed

the Test (If this nigh t sallfng, sleepi ng, watching and wailing.
"By
WIly

hr

:tltHgetber.

I spent

rnerning

] had

Irom laud. ~uddenly 1 saw r\'l!IT deslr en; coming down tlw sl t. The
were ah(lLlt fOtU' miles 10 starbnurd 01 me-the lusest pa.~lii'nj:( uhnnl 1.000

u"iftet1

quire

:1

yards ~"Vtly. 1 11 ld lil) my .liil in an attempt to mule 11t(~1lS' me, but the SIUll kept ligbt un going. Then 1 spi!>d the albatross. I pteked [t ul,"I (l1.1:ickly
und "iulcntl_ waved it ul tho next pass-

ing ship.

I llioltglJl

1111')"lor) hadn'l
the H",-

seen rnv, but aft I'll' H lew urlnntes destroyer started to hrru uround.

liel't)rl? YOIl l;;oulc.lD'[ HI ('a~u rei itl 1 palled tJ1f~ old {lead ~i1b;,I·tlJ,-;S, ''The destrover tbrew me a Hrw Which WIV' Lao ~1!11Jll lor me 10 grab They WC!H'Cgoing ~n fda Illllt when I did get H gri! 011 (he liue. H pulled me
right nut of lhc
hO[l1. ,1

wFIJ.

and

H slid

through

irny fingers.

WUIi

drngged

under wal '(' for

JliLI

while,

Iv

11auds WeT' verv . 0['(,'" btl t I was IIf r::rid to lot go, 'They flrmlJy pulled ure ~lbllltrt1 und tool.: me ttl til f.1~·kha , "The doctnr want to work nil IIi\' f'lce. puttlug five I;tjt(']IPS ill my I was given dry 1J10lll~ <Uill 1I1CIl weut IIp tv speak to th Skiplw1', IT wn..~ \'01"\' killd-e n gas!' nu- II d~ut wldelt reaily 11!~lell good, (lhlH1ngh the meohanics of sII1[)1,'ing It with hall " inuulh all sewer! up was somewhat Involved] "From nQW !!lII, I'm l4oInjl; to curry n couple or go id l,igllil'!I., and 111 be

lip,

I~II

Ilw

Ir}Okolll

[()f

an

nlbutrossl"

~;J,:

~~~~-:;,;:~~~

....

Dots B(lCh of Yom' PilQti Knmc

TECHNICAL ORDERS AND NOTES

dpplyillg
MARINE L!EUTliNI\NT, A MOO liN \'MARINEfI," WA"'£~ OUiO
jIoLBJ\TROSS TO ATTRI\CT J>TnN'TION

10 Your EQUIPlIlENT?

'23

SU:d,ingValve Guide Remover

Utilizes Carbon Dioxide Gas
NAS,
UYERM(.Jl\Ji;-J\

"sliding

ham-

mer" type .. alve gnide remover for request, U·(fi{} C""till~l'Itai nn-craft Cllg1tlt!S lias 11;~"W"'bli Ht It. I~. flltl ~)L!', 'Ii~M 1~$:"Jq been developed by the A&TI departrnent, It Ineorperates the use €lldJOIi dioxitle gas as the (pooling. medium for the silriu1.-ir'!g of the valve guide in the Circuit 8reakers in PV-2, P2V hea.leil alurulmu Ll nllo), cyjinderheau. Hznucr, FAW 8-,\ Inll13 puller [.oj' pcnnitlil'lg qujck removal of the !.rttidll. II~e '111 1 he P - 1 Fu~e panel was ()flgiTbe puller ~·0f1S.jSt5 of <I IIexihle jOllll natcd by this squadron tl,fter severul IIl-Lndle willi fl sliding hummer into which is inserted 11l perforated C911~I. From lhfs the earhou u;o~jtJc gus is lrrtroduced hv a fle,xihle bose from u standard gl-l~ t'yliudf'.r, GIo'UCt(!,Uy, only three or fOlli' strokes of the s.liding hammer art: necessarv to remove the- mOSel, stubborn guide ~thullt dfllilllge to the O),llindCf, Druwlngs are a"ailllbl~ roJ' !tny activity thllt ruay be inleres'wd jill lh e I1UlIl uf1Jl,elul'e I)f lhis LooI.

Compressed air is forced (lg~linsl cups the flywheel. re\'dl\'ll\g the wheel which, ill turn, is gNlrctl to the plane engine, 'VorkiIlg drawlngs ~lf lhis airstllrL~r are uvailable from this statio). Ol!
iII

all PY:·l's now

in service be p\'ovidlJtl lvilli a minimum of three fuse pullers (shown in drawing) and tImt t'tll later

model aircraft he equipped With panels liimflax to the clisDssembled fuse holder now used,
.. 8,jAER; COMMENJ'-BnAe~ has regU<1-"l:ed thai fl$! puUer~ he supp1il'd in accordance with (he recnmmendatiun Of Hedron 8. All PV-I'~ will be our of contrilctor'~ praJ]'l before .lnco~pom.r.ii;rnof recOf!'Ullefl d... t U~ pMe\ is possi ble. The l?V.) d b 9" fuse. In e Iactri en t ci...:,uit!l, 6W.i.ng to Pf(lCUJl"W.etlt under A.I'w,~' ~pecilic~t'j(j"$; new N'Iv"y m!.ldeb (PV-2. P2V) ",HI Iiave o;;i rcu i~ breakees in lie U 0£ f-uses.

or

Fuse Holders in PV..1 Plane

Uni'versal P'la,'neTow Bar

Useful

'0

1S Different Models

NAS, SA~ DmGD-A civillan employee here has df'v~~ed I.L universal alrplane tmving bar that has proved a real manpOWl':r ~a\>el' in Ihe hw years IT has Tilt: foil owing ~ypes of planes C~l11 be lowed and backed l.ly n,~c of th!.: bur' nw·!. 1"IH'\l-J. Sl'.I. 114F-4, r-lu-L, .slm<S, 1"2",. JRf', j2F-5, n4D, ...,S, ,8, soc, S(_IN, 91HJ,II~I:rl, nnJ otLers. 'the bar has two chief adv:lntages; 1. It ~I-\ves the time of fl'om uue 11.1 two men whenever R phlile Is lowed, One ruun can safely handle Imth tr.ietor and plant> when houk,illg Up, bueklug ur toWirlg. Saving in mau-Iunrrs is .~'1","at, as frum 50 til ] ()(~plaHf':S are towed each (Un',
been
05 tttl.

New (·ompressed Air Starter

Se.rve.s3 Types of Eng;nes
::"lAS, PKAll.L lliTHIOH-A OOmpl'tl!lHtld starter For three types of njrcruft e.ugines hJS been developed I.It thlli shl'liUIl I,y (1' chief el -etrieian's mate to: remedy disadvantnges lIf cartridge alit! electric ,.imler systems. Too often the rartridge starter W(Jl~1d
LUI

not tum over engines

enough

times,

lie-

quiting j'ol'e the

U1(!.

use of ronny canrtdges haengine 1"V~lult! slurt, The elec-

dl'i\'(:n without s)wrLillg aircults. ,Spnce between hchlers in the eV -1'5 IIraill fl ise Pll.lIdll is Ur.njled to :~". [lfc,bio_Jting, I'~lpjdluse replacement durlug lli.l{hl. On several o/}('aSI0116 while III BighL. personnel have c;t1l~e(_l
SCcil'C;JW

\",nh

uusuccesslul

ntternpts

til rernevo

fwm.s

to{VIPRECSS(D IUR STAIfTER

,PA:OY(!. ITS WORTi'!

tric stnrters on the toot stand reqvired bllthn), [lmvm', Him,1l IhH-'S lu stand do eul curry tue pruper voltage. this I'Cquired R constant ~Ilpply nf lJ.haTged bl1tUlries for the R.1880, R-2600 :11111 n~2800 engines. The new ail' starter is f1l'tldlll!. moreecolJ~mio;.~l and praoticnl fur use 011 IIw tost stand than eit\ber of Ihe nther types. ~h.ldl;" lrorn It frame hlJuilllg,ell~t frow ulunrinurn scraps nml from uM starter purts, starter is of simple mechanism.
24

luses, The !iljunc.lmn nINO1Hruificil til(' P,,'-l fuse panel [urther to. prevent sllu!'~ing and $1 H~t:k. II- retlummends that
.ArrENT/ON

~Ut,!,!,'1shnrts, ~(im()lIrn(l., shol'Hllg_ arlj;~(!(~n( t'i1'{'11ils arid h1irnifl~ Oqt more

BAil. ENAIlLE$ON~

MAN TO 0'0, PUNE

TOWING

JOB

I~

. \.~SOIJADRON

CO,,

2. It protects nlallf:ls bon I damage when beillg tnwed, The 0,1c'L rope towIng l'lletJlIld Y:i2:quil'f'd an !'l:\1?edenced man to ride the plane brakes when piuue IVIIS hell1~ tawed. T:ln:cking was hIlt tlu-v were heavier and could not he ll;md.led bv eae man, These bars did not p"'TlJ~it lmolriog witIwut en(lm_mecing plane, ilY'lpn.'isihlc., o l11e ~ pul euted burs have bC(lI I l ried,

~~~Do't~ B4t/J of
l"Qllr

Pi/ott

TECHNICAL ORDERS AND

10 YOIl~

APPl),ll1g

EQUlPMlIN1'?

Nons

«'''.Ql(/

,..B1U1ER OMMENT-This i~ nor a .,,"'" idea. There l1re al I Wl>es and clt!~;g11l' of ~QW bars Il1I1(mlat-tUl"cd for variou .. .in'",ft
b
1'1;1110.0 and

2. Remove ptl)'t und/or starhb:lTd trlllllug p,clgQ. dllpcmllng Ull which sump nt,~ds l'epuJr. 1'llls I~ nlJc(;Uj~ar);' I'll dnive si,\
rivr-ts
til

New Jig to Remove Bearings

lessens Probability of Damage
" ''1'. LOUlS~ ome diffi ulry has been experienced at this ucUvily in removing the KSA Huddcr Pedal Beaeln r clue to the Iaet that, while removing, the fitting would be IlfilHt. TIH~method previously used lor removal of thes bearings was slow and arduous, .IDd results were nut too .s.t.Lislnetury. 1'0 sp ed up removal, -11 simple jig \V115 d signed whjch not lIn1y facilitates the prucess by r(llllovir~ and reinstallill):!; both at same t1n:ltl, but red I,ICl"_~ pos~ihmty 'If damaging ijLliug lo miuirnurn,

squadeon

P..rsonnel

to

511il

reur

of SUI "11,

their particular re'l!lirllltl~ls. Thls design is unique since it, has 5U h universal applr""rion. 1 r can be used
Io

tow ar le"st

I5

3. BcUtO\6 fairing 'Part r os. 28JHOOS-1.I, - t5, -i6, .]7, -1 B, -19) lind rear 1amng bulkhead (Piut Nus. 2$1.50G and -1). 4. ReJnO\ e or lower sump by drilling rlv l hcnrls tifT hu,iutl tank and wwerlllg sump tlmJ1lf,(h opeuing IthnWTI fnpJwto5,
~pth.
ell! fl'll( us-cess JajJ(J5 between supersrruuutre lrnmcs. [SCIt noto below.] An •• 11 1)~1(.11il1gplates will, (:l-S2 "[UIIIinnm nil)' aIwbor !lub and rnarrufae-

PERMITS

8AOIUNG

WITHOUT

OAMAGtNC

PLANE

differl!nt models. II i slmplp to build. inexpensive. nncl can b· used wilh milO dif. fer_t a irc.ra ft. Big dlsadvantage i~ <haf b... s IIrt nOI br~ccd or eeinlorecd, r Hen"'. wb... making a "hal'p turn cornpr " ion bOlt n tend to buckle gnd b"".d. e "'{lr rrltjP) ., ... I.-~w Ihr-f ¥~, ...... , ,.\N~w ....• J i ~:I 1
lJ. 1

lim: L)lates to ll1fltch,

These

access hales

f~"nlile lV(lrKmllrl, in.~Jd{' tuWIi.U'_ 11.1 'UiL!!.! ril'(1t bucking h.rr heing II!'lcl hy mnu outside hucking rivets blll'intl sump,

LDl!Slll;ll1'Ell

Ill'

W. R,

OI1A¥511:N,

A.:.tM~~J

Disks Used to Plug Holes

Grommets Confinually Came Ov'
FJ~E'IT fUR "V!N(;-UPUf! r moving de-Icer boot-s, headquarters squadron of ~hi. wing had some dUn ult}' ill sa(.l$f'lctority pluggn g up lit boles in lllL' lor ding edges, The usual rubber grommets were continuully ClJ\_nIug Olll III high speeds. Ftual olurton of the pruhlem was found by using a disk formed to the curvature of Du; leading cdg 0 .{)32 24 s. t. aluminum alloy heat-treated and atlaahiog tl with <1 ,·,,·jnd.l 1]. S, E. toktite screw,

e,

no;)

5 11.1~

ij

tf' ~

PBY Fuel Tank Sump Repair

Plan Saves 65% Man·Hours
excellent method of repainng li'a'j fuel tank sumps without removal f wil.gs has Ilf'ell cleviser] bel'e by n leacliugn run , H\ i lli()ll rnetalsn tl1h, Procedure consistx of cuttillg I'(lur illt 'e_<:11 holes in
J~CKllONVll.LE-AH

N AS,

sue.!!Hc;

8ARS

A~E

"EQLJIREP

TO

RIVET

SUMp

B Clcall out, reseal sump, bnJr

" rivet. Al'tl;'r t'()/JI[Jle~i('II \If
iJ1~', ril ",[jug

ill place. lind test-

riveted in pi,.(;e.

armor plate is ;.1 .stallcd and fuiriug IlIlkl'clnJ JI.;", 2HUlS(J(j nnd ,;kin Me

,!rll'fI(:'I·:

N01E! III o~,I~r 10 ..."1,,, hlliJl ~lr"'" .""oL'JII .r II ~1"'iH n ml Hlflllt\.1'wT f~r skln UTW'!iS tj) he;goln tUn vJ1c:.p.h··.-1£lI lllll{llrill); l"o1r i Il'!!t witl] :f;!emlrtHlf ,' ..rnev l"udH lind ,'I"WI' f"'OI, .-p''''IlI~ 011"111'1 11" ""~LI "I ilL"',,:,,; h~lio; "ImHof r,.,lii Alil,,}'i I.., Ii~d h' f he 'C'kiu f'\111'ItH

.n,

llJ~n,.r.11

on, .\_

,I,. ,~Nl'l'Clt'''l!1

... SullER OMMENT -TIle use vI 11 (qggle nut ilnd cover plate is an exo;;elleJ:I.I alternative lor the grommets normally ernplo ed, Ie i~ bdlf·vcd th:u :Lbi~ infoonation will be helpful 10 all squadrons thar are uow IlPIlJ'41llcng high performance .airplenes,

S'UII'I'

ANII

FAIII~"'G ARE R~""O"'E:DFR.OM

TOWEll

tower,

pHrtiall.

rr-rnuviu

lowe r fairing

-instead of removing \\ lug lUld engines =and mannl eturing speeial buckill'f ),'U'5 for riveting 01 urnp, This procedure has saved 65 percent

were required when wing:i:>had to be I' IJlIJved, About 5,500 man-hours were suv d in a recent 80.d'IY pel:illd on 10 fuel Sllrnp repairs when tills new method W,tS used,

of man-hours formerly rt>.quil'cu. Jubs uuw verag ;3UO man-hours. n ru:ly 850

ALUM.NI,IM

PIS.H!; USEP TO Pl.UG

!iOLES

IN LEAPIIIIG

DG.£S

Of

WI!4(;s

WHEN

RU!Jl.lfR

PROVED

PO(lR

NEW PROC£OUREEl'F'ECTS

SAVING

I'" M .... ·HOURS N

DETAILS
1. Dram und ventilate null tank In aceordunce lvitl. Instructions in. Chqplcf 16,.204 of 811 er MaTlual,

25

PBY RESCUE MISSION

NAVY'S fLYING BOAT IS CONSTANT AND DEPENDA"BLE SAVER Of LIVES
26

GGED

CON TIlU

TIO

seaworthiness.

range have madeth -PBYviral to.naval twin-

tion on ml sions of patrcl and search. To pilots and aircrews adrift on the opec sea, there is
no more hearrening sight than the flying boat

when it arrives ill resporrse to distress signal.

VISIB ITY 0 RAFT AND ACC SSOR ES

to F 011 IiI',· lilt'LS uud signaling t'quipll1uuLwhich maximum distances altitudes at
LEE"1 AJR W)'1(; F(1('l1TllliN
(UIJ

recently concluded tests

de~t'1'JlliTll'

rults, .sea rellectors, sails, Very's shells and nuoke grenudes are visible from the uir, Results these tvsts are pJotted on the aecmn P!lIIyllig c] .art, mark
1'S,

or

Abov

700 fed

LD"hl fu\Fl

\'IS16IL-ITY

decreases

I')'

.tupidl~, so I11IJ h so tl'lt ilt 2,000 to 2.,500feet the raft were not acutely visibl b eyonrl one-huH mile, Btuocular were
fOUIIt!

to be- of limited

use for locating

a Iif

nut fnlU1 the air uud, should b used sparingly. ud T competitive conditions. the rult was sighted first br tIll" sunlight flashing 011 s a marker dy will attract til .y although sight may not be directed in the exact dircctiou, (Bino ular channel the vision 100 precisely and eliminate id vision.] Binocu hI's wer • howe ~. UII(,u very satisfactorily For identif ation once the original sighting was made. Th mall Ot>mo_MI\}M 1 LATJil) TEEL REFu,Cr .R SUpplied with each raft • n 1 used in accordance Wl£11 th procedure reconnneuded O;LI pages 4"1and 45 01' N A.. EWS No. 187 (2/1/43, then BuAEn It:WS Lsrnm) proved to b the rnost e1Fe tive means of attracting att I1HOll, being vi!ibl 15 to 1 mil s. Personnel ill the rafts, however, €xpeIiem:ed difficult)' in using the reflector to attractthe plan owing to rough sea and pitching of the
naked C)'C: in 87 percent of the lJ'iah. Marry vital s coudmy elu s, such as nash of a redlectoe, pliO' 0 rnoke or

2S00X 2000X,

3000

I,;

N"'''VIYI'''"~ERDES'GNEDl''ORPII.OTS

D~~'S

SEEN. FROM

"IG~

A,LTITUOE;S

sooX ....

...

SMOKE GRENADES

I'ROIIEEFTE,CTIVE

KIT

HOL_llS SHELLS "NO

PROJECTOR

raft while trying to maintain the delicate angle Ior reflection. lEditor'$ note: Th temper d glass signaling mirr r, NANF;WR. 11/l/43, p. 31, j fC'piacilig the steel.] Lt was Iound that the color of lhe sail does (lot make amy appreciable d.ifFerellce lu sightiJ1g raft from an aUplane. Shape and outliu f)f mft are distinguisliable loug befol'€' color begins to be discetnibl , Y low and white attract attention before other '0101·5, Duriug daylight. VJjJ\Y·~ SlIELl.S were in ftcdivf' ill attra :ting art ution, White smoke produced hy the MOKiJ! 1l&"AlJl'J proved VNy effective at all altitudes, although maximum
4

2000X

""

tSOoX .....
1000X", ...

500X"'",
1 3
4

visibiUly

was

mueh

less than had been anticipated.

10

27

VISIBILITY
LElE'P 01"

_ CONT'O

I
Jl 'Ill! "Ilt on eoudluon of the s a, hut only as to calm. or ,·tJ/!/!,!1 soa. Drifts in rough sea were approximately 50 pel'(.·l·llt 1 '51> lhau +hosc ill calm water. 11,1 rough water, (,:-;blJsliv . ul'ift readings were taken WiUI winds from 10 to 2.'3 knots with same rafts aud load conditions, but results ohtaioed were consistent when drift was- measureal in percent of wind strength, BuAel' is 'preparing tl. manual similar to Du"I.:lng ,ell"e. xmtaimng info.rnhl.tion ou raft performance and use 01' rLI{' various items f raft equipment, Sugg sti ns lor material UII thls manual will h upprecir ted.

m W1N{; 'nuaTE~" als eoudueted t 'is 011 OmIT of life I'lifts, DRI' r 01 Individual ratls liUUPI' specific load OJ' sail com1i{inu); vt'lJ'i(~{[ slightly from reading to reading with constant wind condirious. 111:rn: FR....

asmueh as all rafts under sp ,cHic load or sail ondihona behaved similarly as to drift. au average urift bar was inelud t1 ill the gr~pb, It is believed that Ior an)' 'j'll: raft this averRge figure can bf' u!led for e01npl,hHiollS without appreciable error, FrOIl a comparison of results of PI' vi us w'ift test it wns vident that llA:rn OF DmFI' is oouslderubly dt'-

PILOTS forced down at sea ane pracucally invisi ble in rough \ ater; ehis picture was takeo from 100 Ieet

lIfter

BRilLIANT yellow circle begin

pilot pulls

ran OD his

to form II few seconds life jacket dye marker

THREE minutes

after pilot. pull' ran, dy has pread over' wide area; flier may be seen from great heights

PATROL plane sights downed pilot and radios posicion to surface ship; life boac is sent to pick up Ilier

SEA DYE SPEEDS RESCUE OF FORCED DOWN FLIERS

.inoreaatugl apparent above 900 fed. IJ sufficient altitude is maintained in s arch 10 observe th dye effectivel}', il is doubtful if the raft
would be located 1I1l] ~'SS it W.1S iu r ncar the dye slick. This fa t prompts th suggestiolJ that searches P 'f raft believed equipped with sea markers sh nlrl he '0l1dtLCt zd with two-plane units, oue 'plane to By at .2,000 to 3,000 ff'tlt. the otLer at 500 feet, thereby covering all ar a 28

S becomes
[,A

l;illJ(E11

DYE

is not ·Ilecti ,. at

10\

altitudes,

but

stream u, .tern. It was fuund that each package lasted . npprozimutely 45 minutes before b iug exhausted, and tint tli dye trail remained clearly Isihl for ab ut seven I DIlTS. By ke piJlg a dy marker streaming when h iendly plan's are in the vicinity, a raft materially increases its chances of bi".ing sighted, assuring that II pltmC' , ighting the d)'t> trall will foliow i to its source,

(Due piau sighting the raft, the other the dy ). Polaroid glasses should be worn for search under overcast conditions. as they bring out );(",,1:1 marker dye col r which is Hot adily distinguishable to tlre naked t' 'I:' uuder th .st~conditions. LJ.F'EJ CKm' Drs MARKERS, Na Aerouautical peelnC;.ltiw I M-566, were attached to the rait aud allowed to thoroughly

R FT
O:nUHIION Of "RAn"

During tests, load Glnd saH vcnied as shown "raftl;onditions." The sea was moder·g,t.e to and wind ranged from 10 to 25 knofs. gen-cy equipment container strea.med af all

under

rov911:,
Erner.. time,s.

FUll LOAD' NO SAIL

HALf'tOAD .NO SAil

.........

FULL LOAD SAIL

........

HALF LOAD SAIL

MK I LIFE R.AFT
2S
2.'.0

.10 .SO .SO JO

15 10

~::
~15

10

A
2.5
'2·0

IS
t.loIjl\j~"'J !;.1i,&,I!'

10

RATE·Of011111[~NOU]'

29

ANSWERS TO DEAD RECKONING AND CELESTIAL NAVIGATION PROBLEM

I. 59 -23'
2~ 10 mI. aWDY

3, 039" 7. la!. U'-SS' S lang. IS8 '-2.6' E 8. 46' -20' II. t 39' 12. 49°_06' 9. 15m;. 10 13. 32 mi. 0 ..... 011' N, 2690 10. 107" IS. LI'JI. 26 -59' N LQn8. 112 -:11)' VI'
NOTE: rol",on<es of IWQo. th.eo ",Uns 0< ~""O o. d,S, ......from Ih~, "!\!ow",, are ~onsider .. d ~Offe~l.

4. 19"-46' S. 13 mi. ID 6. 060'

~h,,,. .

m,lkwg rught I "dings. For example, u triple beamed light may b sat at tlw proper angle to gnld the pllot in uinklug his npproaeh. A top beam is yellnw, a middl hearn is green and a bottom nne is red to indicate to the pilot thnt he is tuo high, in the right path, or too low in making his: npproaeh. Cnntaut, lights are also colored in sueh 1\ manner as to guide the pilot, the first plrlr being red, the next pair green (mel the rest amber und clear. A pilwt knows lie is in po:.-itit!Jl 'to land 11ft 1".L·I as pnssed Ih green llglns, The eq ,ipment is extremely compa t, all of it stowed jn seven moderately 'izcu eases. One of tLese sets will be

Gas Pier Refuels Seaplanes

Corpus Deve/op.s New
N:\T,
ORI'

Method
Uf}W

GHf\LqTI-A

method of gassing-up seaplan s curling 50 percent off time required has been developed by a VI> squadron here. A gusslng pier was extended from tIle S,] wall between the regular ramps, Duilt b:l a T shape, the pier's crosshar i1; 40 ft. long and 5 ft: wide, and purall 'I to III sea w1111. The trunk. S .'{ i3 It.. is built alit from the wall, OULer dge of t1,e pier is hel:lvil17 padded '0 that a plane may be warped nlongstde aDO seenred for gassing without darflll dng the hull, werage
g" ssing time was Found to be 12 minnles, compared to 25 lim the beach.

'J£ tll!~ uxil] 11

kept ready tor emergency use on each .ry ui r s lati 011$.

\Sl1-e' pas"

19)

Lighting Night Landihgs

Portable Equipment Serves NAS
~,.

Cl"stul

11M

S IlHl~II-\ hig41 suetri 1111<1:'.11 C'llmb uJ type pOl'ulble lightiJl~ eqllipmcnt~mpIlHt.:d hy

,CUlt!'

Ihl:! Bw'"mu of '\ 1'OtJl111tks WtI recently l·~)l1dud.f'dat this station. Durinu uetuul nperalinns, rhc pllVle.\i rnlid e :t rn 11L1 her ul lul,v ..oiTl' and In11(1inl,.rs.. AJI ill(JxperIcll~ed crew Silt lip th.... equipment in nile hour and forty-flyC'

rnlnutes and disrruuuled

Equlpmeu! provid s ubS'tacll lights, approach lights. and nmning lights tor ~I m in runwav and ali alt mat 1'\111\Va" the {'nUl: lighted area being proximately !5.2()U {m't l,rng and
loll}"

h')11r.

H in

bout

lUI

W() Ieet wide. Power for ihe equipmunl i5 pLMilled by gasoline engine opeJ'll!ing
tl

II 0 volts,

is th t

nrrungod secret signal. The black-oul enndition i,~created by puLting covers uver the lights: this "Ila~' be done within five minutes through nse of n Jt'tlQ as n
C'(lIl\'e~'anl' "

Ail uuusuul [euture of III equipment it may b placed on black-out <;1aius aud ll1 IS become in visible f TOIll the air U11Ies~a pilot L~making- a pr{)per approneh lor iI landlng. F'l'ilmdl, I ilots are guided to this ~lppl"l)acll !Jy a PI',,-

may be decreased rheostat control.

g,_en6t!ltor which produced .500 watts, Tlle !UW1UIII uf ill unlilwliotJ

or Increased

by

AIR I"RLSSURJ: K(,U'S AR""ATUR£

WIRE TIGHT

IMP'l'OIiED PNEUMIITIC METHOD 5P£ED5I1ANDING

Armature Banding Machine Replaces Old Pressure Device

ruJo.MJ;:oA-An ,iT pressure humling lIlA'chino has been designed here h1 replace a. weight pIes,~111'r;} device whlel, was slow and unsafe
.1l1TULlore

l\' AS,

Pil,;t.o; who make landings and takeclffll rr orted lhat this equipment greatly simplilles the pll L's prohl 'rn~ ul
ANSWERS 1.4 TO ELECTRiCITY QUIZ ;;uid" back ~ove. VI $.'2 4,3 S.7 6.3
..II
l ,

In nperntiou,

leg supp rt . 11J top is arranged with

l\ p

The new machine, wi 1iclt is easier, raster uud sn er to operate U1M the okl one, is square in design with f(jul'"

pcrleel valve It) give positive ecntrol, The pl'inuwie ul the machine is to keep handing wire tight by me;:lI1s vI a cuusrant pressure while- ba.nding the :U'matU:I{I". A pressure regulating valve enable the machine to maintain
various constuut
(lIM·.E:I.

pressures.
A. . IU.JmlSJ

I'liif! BY (J,

YhU,i,1 IllllntJf'I 'liltri,- art' ~~~IIBbln trQit"l aliAn S:pi.tbltd Dn'W'b!1!1I Dhi'bJoIJ,~ ualuJurd !!iI$htt!l Mm V"f1'hH~" mlill)l b-e, ntJhllllhid fral'h Trll hrmp Fill""

adjustable centers made to support the armature while it is banded, The bouom portion has a douhle ... tc jng. pressure cylinder, Pressure to t.his cylinder is wnb:olled by an air regulating valve; also hy a four-way douhle

... BuAE:R.COMMENT-This
cornhinrnion of a ccmmeecial

de ice is n
arrunrure

holder in5tl1l1e(l on th top with 11 PDCU' tnatic ten jooing device ii1stlllled undernQath. TJ,c idea nppeaes 10 be ingenious .... should be useful in Class (A) overhaul. nd

30

Cargo Net (arries SNJ Tire

Ideo Speeds Up Servicing
N A..-\,S, BRONSOr\ _l'"mLU- Tv speed servicing of airplanes with Hat tires at outlying fields, Chief AVintio.n Filol C. L. Haverty, U~N. has devised i.l miniature cargo net to fit tires for SN!'s.

of chocks

may be

clI:n:it;d

in rho

2.s

The net meusures 24 x 36 in -hes with mr.-Inch meshes, Corner lines are exreuded beyond the size of the net to produce two 56-inch line; on aeh corner for securing. 1\ 204u - t liu -, is provided Jar securing the wheel to tl e net when ~t is suspended under thl.:! fuselage. This is don uy reeving the line through the wheel, around the tire through Lhe not. This line acts tIS ch-nfing gear when the net is brought up snug against 1"..,1 tom r the fu!; '[ag • ant] secure 1. In making the 11 t, 21-thrC('ld line is \15e.-1.

Luggage eornpartru mt,

the d cei"lng I!lll:l-An:uiricani m, h· Americans

as Brazil. {ulo the war," lUI action which, together with the breaking qIT of relations wtth J«P!Ul b oulh Am€rric-an repnbllos. ~I~lnc.lin,g Argeutlnn, To"kYIl oaUIi a "desolatinu pieture of Yankee impeTlalism," ~,

have sueoeede d in brtn ging !III the nati LJn~of C!1I1tral America alld the ClorihbeDn. us wall

lilt 'Ii

-To

"u nder

L<I'l'r~ AlIoffiIlll'lA

motto

of

A&R Boosts Its Production

Assemhly Line Nets Advantages
N TC,
OHl"'tl

CL-U1lS"fl-The A&R

-To U.. The U, S.. is asked "10) prOI'e your uEt-expressed regard for tl U3 Fl1illino5 hy Tefra ini 11 from a tternpting g; toreilltroaUCe the horrors of war in o Ule Phll 1?1lU1e$, Goue; forever at the dRYS when the Fill-pinas under' Amerloan rule wasted much of their time III pol1ticlil RI'!,"II1I\(lOt:;"

liN

This new procedure bus reduced the engine overhaul divfsion here boosted lime required 10 pl,~ce a plane haok ill its prcdneticn 0"8 percent in S months, service from two and a hal r hours ~o n raiuly by ubul1,llhiHg sub-assembly sh ps and c)"cuLin,lt t1 slagle main-line &0 minutes. issembly. An N2 is used as the servic plane, Pn!'VioHsly engmes were being buill \.,..iih lire in net lashed under fuselage up in sections, ill a: series I]r assembly jlJbs. AU operations n ware handled by ( ne main line under the new s t-up, with 18 h'l)'S eacL d ing LllJC uperartou. Primary (uIII!l.ntages of Ibis lin(l are thul it allows use f lnexperiencerl per~('\nnel, mnintains an even :Bow f pl'OIluctillll, permits better snparvisien 01 workers, and nedueesecstsof overhaul. Th.,. line nls(,J allows usc of Female wnrkers to a great extent, abuut 70 percent 01" those at pres en t b ing
CARGO NET SECURES SPARE F"OR TR"NSPORT

'1

- T'J EAST ASIA The war 1l'1;ohl:l'y h,t~ relieved Mai,

YRh:i~l, chief of I,b!> JIlP army

G '0. Nakao

WUOleU. l:'JJ,1'1l11 lite under way to Pll!t 01 her shops, including spark p'Jug, ear-

uml tied til whetll struts and Cor\ ard !lying wire, "smull 1n01 uo:< and sot

buretor, magneto snnflar, effident

pl"I uluelinn-line

aud

pistons, on .. hasis.

press .secticn, RS !J result of propaganda blunders. His most rent error was an (tPP!.'JlI to Chinn to make peace and a pred!cwm of :l"~we"'1lug oITeflslve operation" by japan at a lime when AlHecl rW'tP-lI were .!;ur~ll1g forwnrd in the South P,wifk·. Ynhagf recently lledawd thai ",1npr!n6e forces are now prepa.rillg for S\~'('apillg offe-mlve Olll'l'U tiIJllS ,. Since then til laps have 10"qt SulamnuJl, Lae, i{"f1d Ffnschhafen. 1UII'e been driven back ill the Solomons, a.rul tl(lV~ SIIffered nrrmernus scm llna. aerial <tI>.'!ll.olt~, Another casualty i1:1 Jnp pl'OpagtlDllll mob in recent months was Lt. 01. T\ ll:liak! whose aecounts of the Ynngt'1.1" Hiver campaign, w hieh em1 Iar From suecessfull y for J8'Po~1I, were so glnwing that the home front was led to believe thllt the capture "r Chungking was immtnent;

,a

fit
"

-1'Qo' PI'f" JI'PINt: T LANnS

Q)J!cerl1ing the U, S, and Dl'itnifl, Tokyo Radio is Qunted as ,ayifl-g: "No paUIk.lll mll.)I!'~I\'er> no m!lltRry or ooonornle pressure, !lllfl no farm of eoereion, however extreme. iurve been bevond the seruples these predator J'lower~ iu their dealings witll smaller nllHnns. Ja.PIl"fl had Ion!! and patiently enrlcuvnred tel ~I1CI1It) the SUITli1ity or Eflst 11.,"11 DY jlt"U~'erul measures. hilt or, Dee, 8, 1941. all these cif(lrts w<'r€ exhausted 81'1] tit last Japan wns eornpclled \n fi~1' ill nrms."

--To. orrrrt A~II>HICA Be-ports of .Arn~ricau·li{mi Japan '00 R\lhtinp: in tht' Amllriqnn forces III Ttaly and thl' SOllLhwest PaeHlc are merely "("011rf','il'>jl'm~ on tlle pllrt l'if 'I,i\!llshing1:011 tlmt the . S. hoops refus In b i)_T ll, brunt of h"tll~' vhell fip;hti 19 is intense,"

'Iff

~To

L"''nlA

roo, will soon

"TI,t> proclamatlon uf independence !If ihe Philippines is tl. message of hop lind ahem' ttl the Indian people who ure Hghting tht> Bn"'tish {{If rreedoru, r udfn,
g:lill l~

nwn

incl:{<Jl(lndel1l!(',"

31

SIJlff:

omee.rs~nd enlisted men wlwllo not N(I\'Y No. 14-0 see copies regularly should make iL P. S.-Absalult!ly ulIs",li~·jl\·' I. J..--rIlW"U til the distributil)TI ofHcer. If the ir NANEW~ llpprudCltes thu. tlxpresskm fllW!a sent is inadequate, request lor an increase should b forwarded by him to of upinhm 1111d lrllstk il holds equally true when the boys: are sitting around ~AN£ws. Nn'r h:i)ving a few.
S1Jl5:

acid Leli! lu w~h.ichII IS put-sand 10 wldeh l C:tInswelu-is Ilml whou ~lm bovs an' sittiJlg arourul IlIlving' Jt few.. ll.H~Y piok np NAS. Seattle the old News better and Iavomh!v talk ol the items meltl:io!l(1d. . SOrl"Y, hlt[ NANi>Ws. does not, as II The TIe''\' title lNA~'.u. AVu-no:N .'J,Ewsl matter of 'polky, address copies to inis OJ~ewhich I urn sure we nll agree u dfviduals. NAS Seattle receives what nut uufavum blt, one, In fuc~ r thin k iJ. .I!) itl bt'lieved to be an adequate number impn» ernent, AgllJn lei me !lit)". tlu, fl·l~ of copies of each issue for Ili~ttihutioD 10w5 like it; congratulatmusl among all rw\'al aviatkm perso[U!lo'l. L'j'. (JI,.). USNII

S,uIS: If pussible, T would 11kt·r""!tUlly I:'1P;-"~ Ilf :-JAVAL ~l\.V1AT~f.!.N ~I:!WS sent In ilia af !.I,~td~(we address. The 1f1!1gt1~im' IS ~\ceedl!lgTy illt",rl?slllrl,l to ull of I1S, h,Jt, uufnrtunntelv, we- ,">ill I~ely (iita a anpy of It Melr month, AM/'.I:)i.~

:Snts: 1 a note to cCIlIgt"il.tllllltl' Y"II. J 1M e n.~t talkedts ~ gtl(ld number of VilOls 'Uld ]IN'SQIl1llltlclcstllU in 111\1'13.[ .aviation IIr some of HIesI' taNlff bllse.~. 'rllt',)! all 'll,'l'C0 \1111l
NI\.I'fEW~ i~

pmrty nile 1111 B.,"Lt'io 11. h

'tht'

listed men 91 %, and ca.~h sales are grudulilly increaslng: in spite of the IIu tiel pated TOOtlelinu due to tuerease in pllyroH savlngs flltldge~. This is due to ::1w..,1l-p'htrl11cd ell r"1)'1 j,gu to urake j l more con vern iun t f ur personnel to hl1~' houds on till;' 5tHtion, At a recent Hm)H ineuting in uur public works

plan is

Will S,!"iflg:s Bend Pttruh~5es 011 ·thili arc now bQillg <:It a ·tn~c. of 0\'& $2,.5()O,OUn tllTf11uilly. PllrtfcJpll.tinp civilian employees i:1I the QIlYJOU savings
stn Uo"

I)'uu..,

hr

hOW

over D5%. lry ollicers and en-

dapt., s13.1nO worth of honds were sold.

CO.\j ~"~NmN

r. 01' I'JC:I~'I\

NAS.

Navy

NQ. 128

r..

5]1",
1.UggiIIg Imu uiglu,
j'I,15

-*-curnera uruund the stllUlJI'

Ilarold Sl'j(;'~r, PJlIlM03(,c,caught (his hctl\J!ifn] ~lr[\t of a rnM f1yil1g- bWil,

Being

Inltlr!olStoo

In

I-Irl>p110[1"I uf

till"

SillS:

NC-I in the column "25 Ye,'1.11i gm Thi~

[ undcfswrr,J thut !t is p{ls~blc to gel subs,cxi(ltklfls to NAj\/.ImIS. If so, will )'(\11 (:I'ler till' name- :111d bill moP Se.urAN :lIe .Na"l Pier., O],iCll~O, l!l.
K<l.TTCl,
,UI

hNlcl111~ Hi-·
I',JillL hangar

H [;1t

lights .'IJ"e slUlded

though

the hangar
Nllt

under

fiNh in lrun L uf u Bil'l"Y.~'

un ;J\tttllTll1

1fSuuy, it is not the policy of NANew:> Mor,tb"

rlf the Ni\N.Ews.
I enclose

st~il,(l {If

511

Oct/Iller 15 issue ill' II companion phot!,

hl iltldreli~ copies to individuals. A ,;,IPl'll' ,of caelL iSllUe is sent to l"ATTC. Nl[ vy Fiar. There's no clHI1Sc.

uren't as prumlnellt true, for S piecr

To the naked eye, the IJg-iotg as [her arc in the pie-11

that they ~hifl<l' in, iJred ~

cloQNi are

moon.
flI,l'CD,

A].

'I'll"

[jill!'!

E'NSICN".

e<\'Po~"t!r,·, USNR

CARDBOARD Sill P·OlN.T OF STAR 2nd POINT OF STAR

at the smne time anti same II Im::t<: th~ HS-2. These, I'll", [[UI)' IN' of interest. u. L. DQN"'1.J).~ON. AM:lli13/c NA!\.5 M,)rer/nl O[firr Green Cov~ Sl1rlt1j!S,Fla. takell
!lIsp cue of

~'hPO INT OF STtl.R

2ndl'OSInON

Of CARDBOARO

Sms:
Sms:

,vWd] we all like very milch, The income ~" ~ory In the September I issue wns en-

We regultti'ly reeetve oopJes of

J'oMNgWh

October 15 issue of N i\NI::W';, we offer th"

lollowlng methed fot tlml may he required
COtl1iill!i; tUW PII vnr1()US

of the new tn~igni.'l., U!; lllustrated

In regard lo the ~tlgg(!.>t(ld eonstrueuon of templates for' the rlio;wo.m of tho star
ill tlll'
staT

size

lightf'n.iHg noend,

l11'(S)OJll'S:

6'51 ANSWERS 10 quefl'O"'- on .poll.e '11 I.d 2.( 3.b 4... 5.<

~idl< of the

CIlI uu t uf a piece of cardboard ar! uugle of 72 degrees, which call 11,· dun~ renllny \\Ii III the nid of fl 1I1Htractor. Plnce the apox of !.lIe UU1!l,. at the C(\fltet f)r theC'lrd,· with nov

of interseotion oehw,nm lhe other side uf the catdbr:ml':d aud the circle is the next poin t of the sta r. By -mevillg tbl" nugle areund, antl ullil'g tim new point and tho center of the air-ole, rOll are. able. t(l lind the third puinl on the declo. After locating 0.11 live POlllts,the star is fOIDled ill

dre oon\'entionai manner, The

gram

m',stIn tes

dl:fl-

the method,

ooroJboArd

the: top point

vI

pa:;.,ing

fhrnugh

Our paint shop has used this method with pronounced success,
MAiUl'/ll; SImVlCE SQUAtlllON

the stllr. The puint

MCA:>, Mojave

32