Dbms Lab For Cse

DATA BASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
(For II CSE by B.S.N.V.RAMANAMURTHY, Asst. Professor, CSE)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Pragati Engineering College (Affiliated to JNTU Kakinada)
ADB Road, Surampalem 533 437
1 Pragati Engineering College

Index
APPENDIX: ................................................................................................................................. 3
Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 4
Outcomes .................................................................................................................................. 5
Experiment 1 ................................................................................................................. 6
Experiment 2 ............................................................................................................... 9
Experiment 3 ............................................................................................................. 12
Experiment 4 .............................................................................................................. 15
Experiment 5 ............................................................................................................. 19
Experiment 6 ............................................................................................................... 22
Experiment 7 ................................................................................................................ 25
Experiment 8 ............................................................................................................... 28
Experiment 9 ............................................................................................................. 31
Experiment 10 .............................................................................................................. 34
Experiment 11 .............................................................................................................. 37
Experiment 12 ............................................................................................................. 40
Experiment 13 ............................................................................................................. 43
Experiment 14 ............................................................................................................. 45
Additional Experiments ........................................................................................................... 48

APPENDIX:
Use the following data for Employee and Department tables.
EMPNO } PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY{ DEPTNO

ENAME DNAME
JOB LOC
MGR
HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
EMP TABLE REFERENCING TABLE : DEPT TABLE
Sample data:
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-Dec-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-Feb-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-Feb-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 2-Apr-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-Sep-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1-May-81 2850 30
7782 RAJU MANAGER 7839 9-Jun-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-Apr-87 4000 20
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 8-Sep-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-May-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 3-Dec-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 3-Dec-81 4000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-Jan-82 1300 10
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

Objectives
Student will be able to:
Create and delete database schemas and execute SQL queries

Inserting data, Altering and dropping the tables
Various types of data conversions using the functions
Make Use of PL/SQL Language Components
Make Use of PL/SQL Variables
Handle PL/SQL Reserved Words
Make Use of Identifiers in PL/SQL
Make Use of Anchored Data types
Declare and Initialize Variables
Understand the Scope of a Block, Nested Blocks, and Labels

Outcomes
Upon completion of the lab, the student should be able to:
Map the model into a relational database system

Implement the given schema on a relational DBMS
Design, develop, and maintain Oracle Database Objects
Use a database language for manipulating and querying data.
Develop advanced packages, stored procedures, and triggers and
functions using PL/SQL.

Experiment 1 DATE:
Aim:
Creation, altering and dropping of tables and inserting rows into a table (use constraints while
creating tables) examples using SELECT command.
Outcomes:
Student should be able to know Creating and deleting of Tables.
Student should be able to Inserting, altering data by using SQL commands.
Requirements:
Processor 166 MHz, 256 MB RAM, 3 GB of available disk space.

Mysql /Oracle latest version Recommended
Essential Concepts:
SQL DDL, Create Table, INSERT, DELETE commands.
Integrity constraints, Domain constraints, Key constraints, PRAIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY.
Syntax for CREATE TABLE:

CREATE TABLE <tablename> (<column_name> <data_ type> constraints, …);
Syntax for INSERT ROWS:

INSERT INTO <tablename> <Column_names> VALUES (value list);
Syntax for ALTER TABLE:

ALTER TABLE <tablename>
ADD<Column Specification>;
ALTER TABLE <tablename>

MODIFY<Column_name>
<new deatails for the column>;
Syntax for DROP TABLE:

DROP TABLE <tablename>;
Program:
Create a database called COMPANY consisting of two tables – EMP & DEPT
Insert Rows Into EMP, DEPT tables
Alter EMP table.
Drop the tables.

Experiment Evaluation:
Program Execution Viva Behavior Total
Faculty signature :

Experiment 2 DATE:
Aim:
Queries (along with sub Queries) using ANY, ALL, IN, EXISTS, NOTEXISTS, UNION, INTERSET,
Constraints.
Example: - Select the roll number and name of the student who secured fourth rank in
the class.
Outcomes:
Student should have a good understanding of the fundamental DBMS used in computer.
Student should be able to understand various queries and their execution.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Basic Structure of SQL Queries.
Select, Where and From Clauses.
Basics of Set Operations- UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT.
Syntax for SELECT:

SELECT columnname
FROM tablename 1
WHERE condition;
Syntax for UNION:

SELECT columnname
FROM tablename 1
UNION
SELECT columnname
From tablename2;
Syntax for INTERSECT:

SELECT columnname
FROM tablename 1
INTERSECT
SELECT columnname
From tablename2;
Syntax for EXCEPT:

SELECT columnname
FROM tablename 1
EXPECT
SELECT columnname
From tablename2;

Program:
Write SQL QUERY For the following:
1. List all employee details.
2. List the names of analysts and salesmen.
3. List the details of employees who have joined before 30 Sep 81.
4. List names of employees who are not managers.
5. List the names of employees whose employee numbers are 7369, 7521, 7839.
6. List employees not belonging to department 30, 40, or 10.
7. List employee names for those who have joined between 30 June and 31 Dec 81.
8. List the different designations in the company.
9. List the names of employees who are not eligible for Commission.
10. List the name and designation of the employee who does not report to anybody.
11. List the employees whose names either start or end with “S”.
12. List the names of employees whose names have “i” as the second character.
13. List out employees holding a job equivalent to the job of the lowest paid from deptno = 20.
14. List out name, Job, empno of employees who are Salesmen or deptno = 30.
15. List out name, Job, empno of employees who are Salesmen or deptno = 30.
16. Display the details of those who draw the same salary.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 3 DATE:
Aim:
Queries using Aggregate functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX and MIN), GROUP BY, HAVING
and Creation and dropping of Views.
Outcomes:
Student should be able to understand various queries and their execution.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Basics of Aggregate functions, GROUP BY and HAVING Clause.
Basics of Nested Queries.
Basic structure of views.
Syntax :
SELECT columnname, columnname
FROM tablename
GROUP BY columnname;

FROM tablename
GROUP BY columnname
HAVING search condition;
Syntax for CREATE VIEW :
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewname AS
FROM tablename
WHERE columnname=expression_list;
Syntax for DROP VIEW :
DROP VIEW VIEWNAME;
Program:
1. List the number of employees working with the company.
2. List the number of designations available in the EMP table.
3. List the number total salaries paid to the employees.
4. List the maximum, minimum and average salary in the company.
5. List the maximum salary paid to a salesman.
6. List employees from departments having an employee count less than 5.
7. List the department numbers having the employee count above 5.
8. Display total salary spent for each job category.
9. Create a view from EMP whose employees belonging to department 30, 40.
10. Create a view from single table containing all columns from the base table.
11. Create a view from two tables with all columns.
12. DROP the view.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 4 DATE:
Aim:
Queries using Conversion functions (to_char, to_number and to_date), string functions
(Concatenation, lpad, rpad, ltrim, rtrim, lower, upper, initcap, length, substr and instr), date
functions (Sysdate, next_day, add_months, last_day, months_between, least, greatest,
trunc, round, to_char, to_date)
Outcomes:
Student should learn various queries and their execution.
Student should learn several conversions using the functions.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Elements of data format model.
Basics of Implicit and explicit data conversions.
Performing Arithmetic with date.
Syntax:
LPAD (columnname, value, ‘string’)

RPAD (columnname, value, ‘string’)
ADD_MONTHS (date, n)
NEXT_DAY (DATE,’CHAR’)
LAST_DAY (DATE)
LTRIM(trim_character from trim_source)
RTRIM(trim_character from trim_source)

Program:
1. List the employees having 3rd character as ‘T’ in their names.
2. List the employees having character ‘A’ in their names.
3. List out all the orders for which the shipment date is minimum 3 months of order date.
4. List the employee name, sal rounded of the nearest rupee.
5. List the employee name, sal truncate of the nearest rupee.
6. List the employees who are hired in the 3rd quarter of the year.
7. List the employees hires with in a year.
8. Display the names, hire date of all the employees who joined on May 24, 1999.
9. Display all employee names in small letters and corresponding Designations in uppercase
letters.
10. Display the names and Hire date of all employees who were born in January.
11. Calculate the experience in years of each employee and display along with name in
descending order.
12. What is the length of the shortest name in EMP table.
13. Display the names of the employees whose name contains up to 5 characters.
14. List the employees names who will celebrate their birthdays during current month.
15. List the employees names started with capital letter.
16. List the employee number, hire date, number of months employed, six-months review date,
first Friday after hire date, last day of the month when hired for all employees employed for
fewer than 36 months.
17. Display employee name, sal ,Format salary should be 15 from starting.
18. Display employee name, sal, Format salary should be 15 from starting.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 5 DATE:
Aim:
i) Creation of simple PL/SQL program which includes declaration section, executable section
and exception –Handling section (Ex. Student marks can be selected from the table and
printed for those who secured first class and an exception can be raised if no records were
found)
ii) Insert data into student table and use COMMIT, ROLLBACK and SAVEPOINT in PL/SQL block.
Outcomes:
.
Student should able to know manage the changes made by the DML statements.
Student should able to learn how to control transactions with the COMMIT,ROLLBACK,
SAVEPOINT.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Basic structure of PL/SQL Block.
Cocepts of Transaction control – COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT.
Structure of PL/SQL Block:
DECLARE
Declarations of memory variables used later
BEGIN
SQL executable statements for manipulating table data
EXCEPTIONS
SQL and/or PL.SQL code to handle errors
END;
COMMIT
Save changes (transactional).
Syntax:
COMMIT [WORK] [COMMENT 'comment_text']
COMMIT [WORK] [FORCE 'force_text' [,int] ]
ROLLBACK
Undo work done (transactional).
Syntax:
ROLLBACK [WORK] [TO [SAVEPOINT]'savepoint_text_identifier'];
ROLLBACK [WORK] [FORCE 'force_text'];
FORCE - will manually rollback an in-doubt distributed transaction
SAVEPOINT
Save changes to a point (transactional).
Syntax:
SAVEPOINT text_identifier

Program:
Write PL/SQL program to student marks can be selected from the table and printed for those
who secured first class and an exception can be raised if no records were found.
Insert data into student table and use COMMIT, ROLLBACK and SAVEPOINT in PL/SQL block.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 6 DATE:
Aim:
Develop a program that includes the features NESTED IF, CASE and CASE expression. The
program can be extended using the NULLIF and COALESCE functions.
Outcomes:
Student should be able to learn scope of a block.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Basics of PL/SQL conditional control statements.
Syntax for NULLIF:

NULLIF (expr1,expr2);
In this syntax:
expr1: is the source value compared to expr2
expr2: is the source value compared with expr1 (If it not equal to expr1, expr1 is returned)
Syntax for COALECE:

COALESCE (expr1, expr2, ……., exprn);
In this syntax:
expr1: return this expression if it is not null
expr2 : return this expression if first expression is null and this expression is not null
exprn: return this expression if the preceding expressions are null.
Syntax for CASE expression:

CASE expr WHEN comparison_expr1 then return expr1
WHEN comparison_expr2 then return expr2
WHEN comparison_exprn then return exprn
ELSE else_expr
END
Syntax for NESTED IF-ELSE:

IF <condition> THEN
<Action>
ELSEIF<condition>
<Action>
ELSE
<Action>
ENDIF;

Program:
1. write a PL/SQL block for inserting rows into EMPDET table with the following
Calculations:
HRA=50% OF BASIC
DA=20% OF BASIC
PF=7% OF BASIC
NETPAY=BASIC+DA+HRA-PF
2. write a PL/SQL block to check whether given number is Armstrong or not.
3. write a PL/SQL block to check whether a given number is Even or Odd.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 7 DATE:
Aim:
Program development using WHILE LOOPS, numeric FOR LOOPS, nested loops using ERROR
Handling, BUILT –IN Exceptions, USE defined Exceptions, RAISE- APPLICATION ERROR.
Outcomes:
Student should learn about PL/SQL block.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Basics of PL/SQL Loops- simple loop, while loop, For loop.
Syntax for WHILE LOOP:

WHILE<condition>
LOOP
<action>
ENDLOOP;
Syntax for For Loop :

FOR variable IN[REVERSE] start –end
LOOP
<Action>
ENDLOOP;

Program:
1. Write a PL/SQL block to find Sum of Digits of a given Number.
2. Write a PL/SQL block to Generate Fibonacci Series.
3. Write a PL/SQL block features to be covered nested loops using ERROR
Handling, BUILT –IN Exceptions, USE defined Exceptions, RAISE- APPLICATIONERROR.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 8 DATE:
Aim:
Programs development using creation of procedures, passing parameters IN and OUT of
PROCEDURES.
Outcomes:
Student should able to know about PL/SQL programs.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Basic data types of PL/SQL.
Basics of SQL Queries.
Basics of PL/SQL Loops- simple loop, while loop, For loop.
Syntax for procedures:
CREATE OF REPLACE PROCEDURE procedurename

( argument , IN, OUT, IN , OUT - datatype,….) , IS | AS -
[local declarations ];
BEGIN
PL/SQL subprogram body;
[EXCEPTION
Exception PL/SQL block; ]
END;
Program:
1. Programs development using creation of procedures, passing parameters IN and OUT of
PROCEDURES.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 9 DATE:
Aim:
Program development using creation of stored functions, invoke functions in SQL
Statements and write complex functions.
Outcomes:
Student should able to know about stored and complex functions.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Basic data types of PL/SQL.
Basics of Creating local and stored functions and RETURN clause.
Basics of Parameter modes, constraints on formal parameters.
Syntax for functions :
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION function_name

*(argument INdata type, …….)+ RETURN datatype
{ IS | AS}
[Local declarations/Calculation/etc.,]
BEGIN
PL/SQL sub program body;
[EXCEPTION
Exception handlers]
END [name];
BEGIN
----PL/SQL code to call function
[EXCEPTION
----calling program exception handler ]
END;

Program:
1. Program development using creation of stored functions, invoke functions in SQL
Statements and write complex functions.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 10 DATE:
Aim:
Program development using creation of package specification, package bodies, private
objects, package variables and cursors and calling stored packages.
Outcomes:
Student should be able to know about packages and cursors.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Create a Package by Groups of procedures, functions, variables, constants, cursors,
exceptons and SQL statements.
Syntax for package specifications:
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE package_name AS

FUNCTION function_name (list of arguments ) RETURN data type;
PROCEDURE procedure_name ( list of arguments);
END package_name;
Syntax for package body :
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY package_name AS

FUNCTION function _name (list of arugments) RETURN data type {IS|AS}
[local declaration of function ]
BEGIN
------ code of function
[EXCEPTION
------exception handler of function ]
END function_name;
PROCEDURE procedure_name (list of arguments) { IS | AS}

[Local declarations/Calculation/etc.,]
BEGIN
-----code of procedure
[EXCEPTION
Exception handlers]
END procedure_name;
* ……… similarly other functions and procedures+
END package_name;

Program:
Write a program using creation of package specification, package bodies, private objects,
package variables and cursors and calling stored packages.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 11 DATE:
Aim:
Develop programs using features parameters in a CURSOR, FOR UPDATE CURSOR, WHERE
CURRENT of clause and CURSOR variables.
Outcomes:
Student should be able to know about cursors.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Basic Cursor definition and Usage.
Properties and working of Cursors.
Opening and closing the Cursors.
Cursor attributes.
Syntax for declaration of a cursor :
CURSOR <cursor-name> [parameter_list]

[RETURN return_type]
IS query
[FOR UPDATE [OF (column_list)][NOWAIT]];
Syntax for opening a cursor :
OPEN <cursor-name>;
Syntax to Fetch the records from the cursor:
Fetch cursorname into variable1,variable2,…..
Syntax for parameterized declaration of a cursor :
CURSOR cursor_name ( variable_name datatype) IS

<SELECT statement…>

Program:
1. Create a Cursor to find employee with given job and deptno.
2. Develop programs using features parameters in a CURSOR, FOR UPDATE CURSOR,
WHERE CURRENT of clause and CURSOR variables.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 12 DATE:
Aim:
Develop Programs using BEFORE and AFTER Triggers, Row and Statement Triggers and
INSTEAD OF Triggers.
Outcomes:
Student should be able to know about triggers.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Trigger Definition
Types of Triggers.
Syntax for Trigger:
CREATE [OR REPLACE] TRIGGER trigger_name

{BEFORE | AFTER }
,|DELETE |*OR+ INSERT |*OR+ UPDATE | *OF column_name,……..+
ON table_name
[REFERENCING { OLD AS old, NEW AS new }]
[FOR EACH ROW [WHEN condition ]
DECLARE
Variable declaration;
Constant declaration;
BEGIN
PL/SQL subprogram body;
[EXCEPTION
Exception PL/SQL block; ]
END;
Program:
1. Create a TRIGGER to ensure that DEPT TABLE does not contain duplicate of null
values in DEPTNO column.
2. Develop Programs using BEFORE and AFTER Triggers, Row and Statement Triggers and
INSTEAD OF Triggers.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 13 DATE:
Aim:
TO design REPORTS using oracle developer.
Outcomes:
Student should be able to know about reports.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Properties of reports
Procedure to create report.
Types of reports.
Program:
Design reports using oracle developer.

Faculty Signature:

Experiment 14 DATE:
Aim:
Provide security using GRANT and REVOKE commands.
Outcomes:
Student should be able to know about reports.
Requirements:
Essential Concepts:
Procedure to give privileges.
Creating users.
Syntax for GRANT:
Grant System-wide Privs:
GRANT system_priv(s) TO grantee

[IDENTIFIED BY password] [WITH ADMIN OPTION]
GRANT role TO grantee

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO grantee

Grant privs on specific objects:
GRANT object_priv [(column, column,...)]

ON [schema.]object
TO grantee [WITH GRANT OPTION] [WITH HIERARCHY OPTION]
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES [(column, column,...)]

ON [schema.]object

ON DIRECTORY directory_name

ON JAVA [RE]SOURCE [schema.]object

Syntax for REVOKE:
REVOKE role FROM {user, | role, |PUBLIC}
Program:
Assign several objects privileges in a single GRANT statement.
Revoke privileges from users or roles

Faculty Signature:

Additional Experiments
1. Design a database for Library Management System.
2. Design a database for e-learning system.
3. Design a database for search engine.
4. Create a trigger to delete all the employee records of a department when it is deleted.
5. Generate the reports to Library Management System.

Dbms Lab For Cse

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DATA BASE MANAGEMENT

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

1 Pragati Engineering College

Additional Experiments ........................................................................................................... 48

2 Pragati Engineering College

Use the following data for Employee and Department tables.

EMPNO } PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY{ DEPTNO

EMP TABLE REFERENCING TABLE : DEPT TABLE

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

3 Pragati Engineering College

Student will be able to:

Create and delete database schemas and execute SQL queries

4 Pragati Engineering College

Map the model into a relational database system

5 Pragati Engineering College

Processor 166 MHz, 256 MB RAM, 3 GB of available disk space.

Syntax for CREATE TABLE:

Syntax for INSERT ROWS:

Syntax for ALTER TABLE:

ALTER TABLE <tablename>

Syntax for DROP TABLE:

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Syntax for SELECT:

Syntax for UNION:

Syntax for INTERSECT:

Syntax for EXCEPT:

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SELECT columnname, columnname

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LPAD (columnname, value, ‘string’)

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Structure of PL/SQL Block:

FORCE - will manually rollback an in-doubt distributed transaction

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Syntax for NULLIF:

Syntax for COALECE:

Syntax for CASE expression:

Syntax for NESTED IF-ELSE:

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Syntax for WHILE LOOP:

Syntax for For Loop :

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Syntax for procedures:

CREATE OF REPLACE PROCEDURE procedurename

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Syntax for functions :

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION function_name

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