Mark Scheme January 2007

GCE

International
GCE Biology (8040/9040)
GCE Biology (Human) (8042/9042)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH
Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and
throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic,
vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers.
Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support
they need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners.
For further information please call our Customer Services on 0870 240 9800, or visit
our website at www.edexcel.org.uk.

January 2007
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Edexcel Ltd 2007
 Contents

MARK SCHEMES
pg
Unit 3 6103/02 W1 Written Alternative 1

Unit 5B 6105/01 Genetics, evolution and biodiversity 5

Unit 6 6106/02 W2 Written Alternative 14

6106/03 Synoptic paper 18

Please note that this document is an International Supplement to the GCE Biology /
Biology (Human) Mark Schemes (8040/8042/9040/9042) and provides Mark Schemes
for Units 5 and 6, which were only available to International centres.
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiners and revised, together with the
relevant questions, by a panel of senior examiners and subject teachers. The
schemes are further amended at the Standardisation meetings attended by all
examiners. The Standardisation meeting ensures as far as possible that the mark
scheme covers the candidates' actual responses to questions and that every examiner
understands and applies it in the same way.

The schemes in this document are the final mark schemes used by the examiners in
this examination and include the amendments made at the meeting. They do not
include any details of the discussions that took place in the meeting, nor do they
include all of the possible alternative answers or equivalent statements that were
considered to be worthy of credit.

It is emphasised that these mark schemes are working documents that apply to these
papers in this examination. Every effort is made to ensure a consistent approach to
marking from one examination to another but each marking point has to be judged in
the context of the candidates' responses and in relation to the other questions in the
paper. It should not be assumed that future mark schemes will adopt exactly the
same marking points as this one.

Edexcel cannot under any circumstances discuss or comment informally on the

marking of individual scripts. Any enquiries about the marks awarded to
individual candidates can be dealt with only through the official Enquiry about
Results procedure.
January 2007 6103-02 Unit 3 Mark Scheme

Unit 3 W2 (6103-02)
Question 1 Maximum Marks

(Exoskeleton) Water loss / m gh-1

temperature Expt 1 Expt 2 Expt 3 mean
/ 0C
25.0 4 5 4 4.33/4.3
26.0 5 5 5 5.00/5.0
28.0 8 7 10 8.33/8.3
29.0 9 10 10 9.67/9.7
29.5 25 23 28 25.33/25.3
30.0 38 35 37 36.67/36.7
32.0 46 43 42 43.67/43.7
36.0 68 70 67 68.33/68.3

(a) suitable table format ;

rows and columns with correct headings and units ; [shaded areas
optional]

all means correct ; ; [1 error=1 mark, 2 errors=0 marks]

4 marks

(b) F line graph format ;

A axes correct - scale, orientation and labelled with units ;

P all points plotted correctly ;

L suitable line – point to point or good curve ;

4 marks

(c) rate of water loss increases as temperature increases ;

there is a large increase at 29.5 ° C / between 29-30 °C ;

2 marks

(d) variability in readings is much greater at 29.5 °C (than 29 °C or 30 °C) ;

readings at this temperature are less reliable / changing rapidly ;

2 marks

1 6103-02 January 2007

January 2007 6103-02 Unit 3 Mark Scheme

Question 1 continued Maximum Marks

(e) exoskeleton /eq must be changing in some way at 29.5 °C (to allow more
water through) ;

at temperatures above 29 °C /eq cockroaches may dehydrate/need to

find water/remain in damp places / eq ;

2 marks

Total 14 marks

2 6103-02 January 2007

January 2007 6103-02 Unit 3 Mark Scheme

Question 2 Maximum marks

(a) 1 standardise source of inhibitor [specific part of flesh, cork bored

extracts] from Gala
OR standardise source of Bramley tissue / same ripeness or age ref. ;

2 same/stated mass of apple (tissue) from Gala ;

3 {grind / macerate / homogenise} Gala apple material (for same time) ;

4 filter extract(s) / centrifuge (to obtain enzyme) ;

5 boil (one half) of Gala extract / use of control without Gala extract ;

6 use {discs of same surface area from Bramley / same mass / volume of
homogenate} ;

7 attempt to standardise {an end point (by the use of colour chart /
photographs / eq) / a method of determining surface area of browning
(since non uniform)} / use of colorimeter in correct context ;

8 standardise experimental temperature conditions by use of incubator /

eq ;

9 add stated volume of Gala extract to Bramley apple ;

10 time to reach (standard) brown colour OR surface area of browning

after specified time ;

11 repeat minimum of three times ;

12 ref. to minimising effects of oxidation in preparation ;

9 marks

(b) suitable table with units and correct rows and columns to include raw data to
match suggested method ;

mean reaction time ;

bar chart and comparative / correct format for method described ;

correct orientation of axes with labels and units ;

3 marks

3 6103-02 January 2007

January 2007 6103-02 Unit 3 Mark Scheme

Question 2 Continued Maximum marks

(c) Limitations:

difficult to standardise /eq end point ;

difficult to keep apple browning the same (before addition of

inhibitor extracts) ;

other chemicals may affect (colour change in) apples (chemicals that are also
heat labile) ;

immersion in / covering by solution may prevent / alter action of inhibitor on

apple tissue ;

uneven distribution of enzyme / inhibitor in apple tissue ;

Further work:

Investigate:

inhibitor activity (from Gala apples) on other varieties of apples ;

presence of inhibitor in other varieties of apples ;

use of inhibitor enzyme in apple preservation / apples in fruit salads eq ;

effect of inhibitor enzyme on other named plant organ (e.g. potatoes) ;

compare effect of other named browning inhibitors ;

6 marks

Total 18 marks

4 6103-02 January 2007

January 2007 6105 Unit 5B Mark Scheme

Unit 5B (6105)
Question 1 Maximum Marks

1 auxin / named example of an auxin such as IAA ;

2 extension of {internode / stem} / cell elongation / breaking dormancy in
{seeds /buds} / development of side shoots / causing leaf growth / reversal of
dwarfism / bolting;
3 cell division / cell differentiation / cell expansion in leaves / combat aging in
leaves /eq ;
4 abscisic acid / ABA;
5 ripening fruit / inducing flowering ;

Total 5 marks

5 6105 January 2007

January 2007 6105 Unit 5B Mark Scheme

Question 2 Maximum Marks

(a) (i) prophase 1 ;

1 mark

(ii) A = chromatid B = centromere C = chiasma / chiasmata ;;

[3 correct = 2 marks, 2 correct = 1 mark]

2 marks

(b) (i) (all) BbRr with black, rough fur ;

1 mark

(ii) 9 3 3 1;
1 mark

(iii) 1 ref. to expected numbers would be 27 black, rough : 9 black,

smooth : 9 white, rough : 3 white, smooth ;

2 the actual results differ from {expected ones / 9:3:3:1 ratio} ;

3 genes for fur colour and texture are {on same chromosome /
linked} ;

4 tend to be inherited together ;

5 only separated if {chiasma(ta) forms between them / crossing

over takes place} ;

6 ref. to recombinants ;

7 recombinants are black with smooth fur and/or white with

rough fur ;

4 marks

Total 9 marks

6 6105 January 2007

January 2007 6105 Unit 5B Mark Scheme

Question 3 Maximum Marks

(a) (i) labelling: 3 correct = 2 ;;

2 correct = 1
1 correct = 0

drawing: plan with no cells;

vein / midrib / upper epidermis shown in whole leaf;
all features shown in whole leaf;

5 marks

(a) (ii) palisade – {packed with chloroplasts /chloroplasts can move in the
cytoplasm to intercept light / lies under epidermis} to maximise the
amount of light trapped ;

spongy - some chloroplasts so can absorb light / ref. to air spaces to

assist {diffusion of gases / gas exchange} ;

lower epidermis - presence of stomata to allow {the entry of carbon

dioxide / exit of oxygen} ;
3 marks

(b) {large surface area / eq} to {maximise amount of light trapped / eq} ;

more {chlorophyll/chloroplasts} to {maximise photosynthesis / trap as much

light as possible} ;

{more layers of palisade mesophyll cells / longer palisade cells / eq} to trap
more light ;

any other valid comment ;

2 marks
Total 10 marks

7 6105 January 2007

January 2007 6105 Unit 5B Mark Scheme

Question 4 Maximum Marks

(a) (i) A = protein

B = phospholipid (bilayer);
1 mark

(ii) C = glycoprotein / glycocalyx ;

Role: recognition / antigen / receptor site / binds cells together /eq ;

2 marks

(b) (i) 1 active transport and diffusion both involved ;

2 ref. to {some / little / low rate of} diffusion / mainly active

transport ;

3 hardly any ions transported without ATP, with ATP rate of

transport is higher ;

4 diffusion only when no ATP present ;

5 active transport requires energy / ATP {supplies energy / is

energy source / eq} ;

6 allows ions to {accumulate / build up / move against

concentration gradient} ;

4 marks

8 6105 January 2007

January 2007 6105 Unit 5B Mark Scheme

Question 4 continued Maximum Marks

(ii) 1 sodium ions {actively transported / pumped} out of ascending

limb ;

2 together with chloride ions ;

3 into {medulla / medullary tissue} ;

4 ions accumulate in {medulla / medullary tissue} ;

5 ref. to lower water potential in {medulla / medullary tissue}

/ eq ;

6 water moves out of {descending limb / collecting ducts} by

{osmosis / diffusion} ;

7 ref. to {increases concentration of urine / countercurrent

multiplier} ;

4 marks

Total 11 marks

9 6105 January 2007

January 2007 6105 Unit 5B Mark Scheme

Question 5 Maximum Marks

(a) (i) (overall trend) as conc. of caffeine decreases, heart rate decreases
OR
converse as caffeine conc. increases, heart rate increases ;
largest decrease between 1000 and 100 ppm / allow converse ;
very low concentrations (0.0001 and lower) have no effect on heart
rate ;
increase linear between 0.0001 and 1.0, then increase greater;

3 marks

(ii) ((5.6 – 3.7) ÷ 3.7) x 100 ;

51.4 / 51.35 ;
2 marks

(b) to observe the effect of no caffeine on the heart rate / to obtain a base
reading ;
1 mark

(c) 1 to eliminate a source of error ;

2 Daphnia are {ectothermic / eq} animals ;
3 {metabolic rate / eq} depends on temperature ;
4 if temperature changes, heart rate changes ;
5 this could have masked the effect of caffeine on heart rate / ref. to
temperature affects concentration of oxygen in water ;
3 marks

(d) 1 nicotine is {a mimic of / chemically similar to} acetyl choline ;

2 nicotine binds to the receptors on the post synaptic membrane ;
3 results in {action potentials being generated / depolarisation} ;
4 then blocks the synapse / not broken down ;
2 marks

Total 11 marks

10 6105 January 2007

January 2007 6105 Unit 5B Mark Scheme

Question 6 Maximum Marks

(a) maltose ;
ref. to hydrolysis ;
of glycosidic bond ;
by maltase ;

[max = 2 if maltose not identified]

3 marks

(b) 1 villi increase surface area ;

2 microvilli increase surface area of (epithelial) cell (surface)

membrane;

3 ref. to capillary networks in villi (remove glucose to) maintain

{concentration / diffusion} gradient ;

4 {thin / single cell} epithelium reduces distance between {lumen / eq}

and the blood ;

5 ref. to {carrier proteins / sodium ion mechanism / co-transport of

glucose} in cell (surface) membrane of epithelium ;

3 marks

(c) (i) 1 ref. to negative feedback ;

2 increase in blood glucose detected by β-cells (in pancreas) ;

3 insulin released ;

4 from {β-cells / Islets of Langerhans} (in pancreas) ;

5 glucose to glycogen and fat / ref. to glycogenesis ;

6 in liver ;

7 increase permeability of cell membrane to glucose ;

8 ref. to conversion of glucose to fatty acids / fats ;

9 glucose levels turn to {normal / set point} ;

6 marks

Total 12 marks

11 6105 January 2007

January 2007 6105 Unit 5B Mark Scheme

Question 7 Maximum Marks

(a) succession ;
1 mark

(b) 1 increased number of species as succession progresses / number of

species increases from grassland to woodland ;
2 any suitable manipulation of data ;
3 grassland is open habitat but trees provide more cover ;
4 birds easily spotted by predators in grass / converse for trees and
shrubs ;
5 trees provide {roosting / nesting} sites;
6 mixed woodland provides greater variety of food to support more
species ;
7 trees provide more niches for species than smaller shrubs ;

5 marks

(c) 1 pine trees have less food available for birds / eq ;

2 needles on the woodland floor do not support as many invertebrates /
eq (which birds eat) ;
3 reduction in the variety of {microhabitats / niches} ;
4 idea that mixed woodland {has many layers / is more varied} that
shelters birds / provide nesting sites;

2 marks

12 6105 January 2007

January 2007 6105 Unit 5B Mark Scheme

Question 7 continued Maximum Marks

(d) 1 deforestation / eq ;
2 leaves soil exposed to erosion / loss of habitats / change in
biodiversity ;

3 acid rain / eq;

4 damages leaves / needles of trees / eq;

5 global warming / increase in greenhouse gases / eq ;

6 summer drought reduces tree growth / eq;

7 physical disturbance by recreational activities ;

8 trampling destroys {vegetation / habitats} ;

[two pairs only]

4 marks
Total 12 marks

13 6105 January 2007

January 2007 6106-02 Unit 6 (W2) Mark Scheme

Unit 6 W2 (6106-02)
Question 1 Maximum marks

(a)

Field Number of Mean number Number of Mean number of

number skylarks in of skylarks in skylarks in plots skylarks in plots
plots with cut plots with cut with uncut wheat with uncut wheat
wheat stems wheat stems stems stems.
ha -1 ha -1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0.6 2 1 2 1 1 1.4
2 0 0 1 0 1 0.4 0 1 0 0 0 0.2
3 2 1 3 0 1 1.4 2 3 4 3 2 2.8
4 0 0 9 0 0 1.8 5 5 4 3 2 3.8
5 3 3 2 3 2 2.6 5 2 2 2 0 2.2
6 2 1 3 2 2 2.0 3 4 3 4 1 3.0
7 0 1 0 0 0 0.2 2 2 2 2 1 1.8
8 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 0.2
9 1 2 0 0 5 1.6 2 1 1 3 2 1.8
10 8 7 6 5 5 6.2 8 9 9 5 7 7.6

neat table correctly formatted with raw data and field numbers ;

correctly labelled rows and columns with units ;

all means correct ; ; [1 error = 1 mark, 2 errors = 0 marks]

4 marks

(b) F bar chart of means for each field ;

A axes correct – scale, orientation and labelled with units ;

P data plotted correctly ;

3 marks

(c) there is no significant difference between the number of skylarks in the {cut /
eq} and {uncut / control / eq} fields ;

1 mark

14 6106-02 January 2007

January 2007 6106-02 Unit 6 (W2) Mark Scheme

Question 1 Continued Maximum marks

(d) there is a significant difference between the number of skylarks in the

{topped / eq} and {untreated / control / eq} fields /reject the null
hypothesis ;

at the 5% value ; [not just p = 0.05]

since the W value is less than (the critical value) 8 ;

3 marks

Total 11 marks

15 6106-02 January 2007

January 2007 6106-02 Unit 6 (W2) Mark Scheme

Question 2 Maximum Marks

(a) 1. stated total number of subjects (min 10) ;

2. subjects selected to minimise at least two basic variables e.g.

age/sex/health / eq / academic ability / eq ;

3. control group with no music ;

4. tests to be conducted at same time of day ;

5. testing environment standardised e.g. lighting/heating/seating

arrangement ;

6. accurate description of type of test to be administered e.g. random

word/number list/objects shown on screen etc ;

7. standardised type of music described ;

8. details of music delivery e.g. headphones/speakers at fixed distance ;

9. stated time to memorise/learn test ;

10. standard time between learning and post-test ;

11. re-test at further intervals (to measure retention) ;

12. standard method of scoring test described ;

Max 8 marks

SPG account is concise and well-organised, there is good use of technical

vocabulary and almost no spelling errors – 2 marks

there is some lack of organisation, limited vocabulary and a number

of spelling errors – 1 mark

the account lacks organisation, there is little or no technical

vocabulary and many spelling errors – 0 marks

2 marks

16 6106-02 January 2007

January 2007 6106-02 Unit 6 (W2) Mark Scheme

Question 2 continued Maximum Marks

(b) table of raw data with suitable accurately labelled rows and columns with
units ;

reference to calculation of means ;

suitable graphical format matching data and methods including correctly

labelled axes ;

reference to suitable statistical test (t or Mann-Whitney U) matched to

data [accept from method] ;

stated null hypothesis [accept from method] ;

reference to use of 5% / p=0.05 confidence level ;

6 marks

(c) Limitations [sub-max 4 marks]

natural variability of human subjects makes standardising difficult / eq ;

difficult to control level of motivation/ effort put into learning / conscious

attitude to test by all subjects / eq ;

response to standard type of music may vary between individuals ;

type of test measures simple memorising only / learning more complex

than simple memory / eq ;

subjects previous experience may give them advantage / disadvantage in

any one type of test / eq ;

Further work

test responses to different types/volumes of music (if not in method) ;

compare effects over short-term with long-term ;

test for sex/age differences ;

test at different times of day ;

5 marks

Total 21 marks

17 6106-02 January 2007

January 2007 6106-03 Unit 6 Synoptic Mark Scheme

Unit 6 Synoptic paper (6106-03)

Question 1 Maximum Marks

(a) (i) condensation / polymerisation ;

1 mark

(ii) glycosidic / covalent ;

1 mark

(b) 1 ref. to (high) {blood pressure / hydrostatic pressure} in (glomerular)

capillaries ;

2 low RMM solutes /eq ;

3 {forced out /eq} of capillaries ;

4 ref. to (high) permeability of capillaries /eq ;

3 marks

(c) low RMM / only 5500 / RMM of 5500 / less than 70 000 / eq /
small enough (to pass through capillary wall / pores) ;

1 mark

(d) 125 ;

cm3 min-1 / eq ;

2 marks

Total 8 marks

18 6106-03 January 2007

January 2007 6106-03 Unit 6 Synoptic Mark Scheme

Question 2 Maximum Marks

(a) 1 (stem cuttings) are genetically uniform / same genotype / eq ;

2 because they are produced by mitosis ;

3 grow / established quickly / eq ;

4 if high yielding, offspring will also be high yielding / reference to

adapted to conditions /eq ;

2 marks

(b) (i) 1 they eat {roots / shoots / leaves / sap / eq} ;

2 reduce yield (of crop) ;

3 may spread diseases /eq ;

4 reduce value (of crop) / eq ;

3 marks

(ii) 1 ref. to specificity / no harm to non-target species / eq ;

2 ref. to no residues (of chemical control) / no run off /eq ;

3 no bioaccumulation / eq ;

4 no need to re-apply / self-sustaining idea/ no pest resurgence ;

5 pest unlikely to become resistant ;

3 marks

19 6106-03 January 2007

January 2007 6106-03 Unit 6 Synoptic Mark Scheme

Question 2 Continued Maximum Marks

(c) (i) 1 mites are ectothermic /eq ;

2 temperature affects enzyme activity / eq ;

3 temperature affects metabolism (of mites) ;

4 may affect number of eggs they eat / eq ;

2 marks

(ii) number of eggs eaten increases as number of eggs increases /eq ;

credit a manipulated, quantitative comment ;

2 marks

(iii) 1 T. aripo ;

2 eats more eggs (at high prey density) (than G. annectens) / eq;

3 number of eggs eaten by G. annectens decreases at high prey

density ;

4 comparative quantitative reference ;

3 marks

Total 15 marks

20 6106-03 January 2007

 January 2007 6106-03 Unit 6 Synoptic Mark Scheme

ESSAY MARK SCHEME

Outline Scheme for Marking Essay Questions 3, 4B and 5H

Total maximum mark available: 15

11 available for Scientific content
2 available for Balance
2 available for Coherence

Scientific content (S)

Scientific
Description
content (S)

The essay demonstrates a sound understanding of the topic, contains a

significant amount of material relevant to two (or more) Units (including A2
11
units) of the specification, and includes suitable examples where appropriate.
(good)
The candidate has clearly and coherently linked together information from
different parts of the specification.

An above average essay, with accurate content. The essay includes a good
9
balance of material from two (or more) Units (including the A2 units), and
(above
examples where appropriate.
average)
There may be some minor factual errors.

The essay includes relevant information from two (or more) Units (including A2
7 units), and the candidate links together some facts and principles.
(average) Some examples are included.
There may be some minor factual errors.

5 The essay includes some generally factually accurate and relevant material,
(below and there is some attempt to link material from more than one Unit.
average) However, the discussion lacks details, particularly of A2 Units.

3 There are some correct facts, but the essay lacks depth and accuracy. Little
(poor) or no relevant information from A2 Units is included.

1 There are very few correct facts. The essay is generally superficial and
(poor) inaccurate.
0
No correct, or relevant, information included.
(poor)

Note: If a scientific content mark of 0, 1, or 3 is awarded, it is very unlikely that a

balance mark of more than 1 is appropriate.
S = 11 marks

21 6106-03 January 2007

January 2007 6106-03 Unit 6 Synoptic Mark Scheme

Balance (B)

2 Most of the main topic areas outlined are covered

Some discussion of each of the areas chosen, illustrated with suitable
examples where appropriate
Material included is all relevant to the topic and the candidate has
linked information from more than one area of the specification.
Few, if any, errors

1 Some of the main topic areas outlined are covered.

Some discussion of each of the areas chosen.
Some irrelevant material included.
There are some examples which link together different areas of the
specification.
Some errors.

0 Very limited account, possibly only one aspect chosen

Material mostly irrelevant
No examples of the candidate linking information from different topics
Large number of errors

B = 2 marks

Coherence (C)

2 Material logically presented, with little or no repetition

Essay has coherence, ideas are developed well; continuous prose used
throughout
Essay has an introduction and a conclusion, summing up the main
points
Technical terms have been used correctly
Spelling, punctuation and grammar are sound

1 Material is presented in an orderly way and some ideas developed

Continuous prose used throughout
The introduction and conclusion may be present, but brief
Technical terms are used and generally in the correct context
Spelling, punctuation and grammar are generally sound

0 Essay style not used

Material in note form or numbered points
Very poor standard of spelling, punctuation and grammar

C = 2 marks

22 6106-03 January 2007

January 2007 6106-03 Unit 6 Synoptic Mark Scheme

Question 3

Introduction could include reference to liver cell as a eukaryotic cell and range of
functions –

Shape of cell –

Surface membrane –

Organelles:

Nucleus + nuclear membrane -

Unit 1
Endoplasmic reticulum –

Mitochondria –

Lysosomes –

Golgi apparatus –

Functions:

Deamination and urea synthesis –

Unit 4
Glucose – glycogen metabolism –

Credit other relevant functions -

Scientific content 11 marks

Balance 2 marks
Coherence 2 marks

Total 15 marks

23 6106-03 January 2007

January 2007 6106-03 Unit 6 Synoptic Mark Scheme

Question 4B

Introduction could include explanation of the term pigment and the range of
functions of pigments in flowering plants –

Structure of chloroplast and location of pigments – Units 1 and 5B

Detection of light by phytochrome – Units 4 and 5B

Roles of chloroplast pigments –

Chlorophyll a and b –

Carotenoids – Unit 5B

Absorption spectra –

Light dependent reactions –

Ref. to pigments in flowers in relation to insect pollination – Unit 2B

Scientific content 11 marks

Balance 2 marks
Coherence 2 marks

Total 15 marks

24 6106-03 January 2007

January 2007 6106-03 Unit 6 Synoptic Mark Scheme

Question 5H

Introduction could include reference to the significance of meiosis –

Gamete formation involves meiosis – Unit 2H

First and second divisions of meiosis –

Chiasmata formation –

Random fertilisation as a source of genetic variation –

Non-disjunction – Unit 5H

Polysomy and polyploidy –

Specific reference to Down’s syndrome –

Could also include detection of chromosome mutations and karyotypes –

Scientific content 11 marks

Balance 2 marks
Coherence 2 marks

Total 15 marks

25 6106-03 January 2007

26
Further copies of this publication are available from
Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN
Telephone 01623 467467
Fax 01623 450481
Email publications@linneydirect.com
January 2007

For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.org.uk/qualifications

Alternatively, you can contact Customer Services at www.edexcel.org.uk/ask or on 0870 240 9800

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH