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Lecture 3:
Phase Transformations in Steel
(IT Diagrams)
MMat 380
The question:
What happens when steel is quickly cooled
below equilibrium temperatures?
Specimen in
Experimental set-up: wire basket
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MMat 380 Lecture 3: IT's 15/01/2004
Deriving IT diagram
• Results of
many
experiments
consolidated
as shown
Eutectoid
composition
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MMat 380 Lecture 3: IT's 15/01/2004
Transformation Rate of
Rate of growth
nucleation (N) N/G
Temp (°C) (G) (mm/s)
(nuclei/mm3/s)
700 3x10-4 1.6x10-5 18.75
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MMat 380 Lecture 3: IT's 15/01/2004
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MMat 380 Lecture 3: IT's 15/01/2004
As Ttransf increases:
•Spacing
increases
•Strength and
hardness
decrease
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MMat 380 Lecture 3: IT's 15/01/2004
Strength of pearlite
S = interlamellar spacing
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Strength of pearlite
Hardening in pearlite is like dispersion hardening:
Strength α 1/interlamellae spacing
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MMat 380 Lecture 3: IT's 15/01/2004
The “C”
Shape of the
IT Curve
time to start of
transformation
microstructure
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Bainite transformation
Below pearlite nose – transformation changes
• γ - Bainite (α + Fe3C) according to equilibrium diagram
• Nature of α - Fe3C mixture changes (no longer have
platelets of Fe3C)
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MMat 380 Lecture 3: IT's 15/01/2004
Bainite transformation
Pearlite – Co-operative growth
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Bainite transformation
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MMat 380 Lecture 3: IT's 15/01/2004
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IT diagrams
Examples:
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