HIV AND AIDS

WORLD VIEW
33 million persons infected in 2007
AIDS HAS CLAIMED
JUST UNDER 25
MILLION LIVES
SINCE IT WAS
SINCE HIV/AIDS WAS
Eastern Europe DISCOVERED 20
Western Europe & Central Asia
DISC0VERED 60 YEARS AGO.
520,000 – 680,000 1.2 – 1.8 Million
North America
MILLION PEOPLE 790,000 – 1.2 million East Asia & Pacific
(THE POPULATION OF North Africa & 700,000 - 1.3 million
UK) HAVE BEEN Caribbean Middle East
South
INFECTED 350,000 – 590,000 470,000 – 730,000
& South–East Asia
4.6 – 8.2 million
Latin America
1.3 – 1.9 million Sub-Saharan
Africa Australia
25.0 – 28.2 million & New Zealand
12,000 – 18,000

2.7 MILLION PEOPLE HALF OF NEW

WITH AIDS ARE INFECTIONS OCCUR IN 15- 17.6 MILLION PEOPLE
24 YEAR OLDS WITH AIDS ARE WOMEN.
CHILDREN UNDER 15.
STRUCTURE OF THE VIRUS
HIV AND HUMAN BODY
HIV AND HUMAN BODY
 Progression of the disease
Sero-conversion in 33 days

A CD4+ T-cell count

800-1200 Viral load

200

B C
Days Years
VCT Results for 2004-2006, Mae Tao
Clinic

1200
1055

1000

740
800
644

600

400

197
200 110 128

14.86 19.87 18.67

0
2004 2005 2006

Total VCT tests Positive HIV % positive

 HIV/AIDS
HIV
AIDS AIDS
HIV

ART ART
Services
VCT
PMCT
PEP
 HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS
 HIV ?
H Human

I Immuno-deficiency :
Immune :

Deficiency :

V Virus: (HIV
! The Immune System

T Cells (CD4 Cells) = Immune system

CD4
CD4
800-1500/ml

CD4 Disease Disease

 HIV and the Immune System
HIV
CD4 CD4

CD4 HIV
HIV
HIV HIV CD4
HIV

HIV Enters CD4 Cells HIV Kills CD4

Cells
HIV CD4
CD4
CD4
 CD4 800-1500/ml

HIV CD4 HIV

CD4

CD4
AIDS
HOW HIV ATTACK OUR HEALTH
HOW BODY DEFEAT DISEASES
 HIV and the CD4 Count
¨¨ HIV CD4

CD4
Amount in Body

HIV

CD4
HIV AIDS
?

1500 to 800 CD4 -

CD4 Below 500 CD4 - Opportunistic Infections

COUNT

200 CD4 AIDS

CD4
! AIDS
 HIV AIDS
?

• Developed World:
ART

HIV

• Developing World:
 AIDS ?
A Acquired:
I Immune:
D Deficiency:

S Syndrome: AIDS
 Opportunistic Infections(OIs)
?
HIV CD4

opportunistic
infections
HIV opportunistic infections
 AIDS
opportunistic infections (OIs)

• Extensive skin lesion

• Oral thrush
• Chronic unexplained fever
• Chronic diarrhoea
• TB, dissiminated TB
• PCP pneumonia
• Wasting Syndrome
• Meningitis

• CMV:
• Cancer and other many other infections and disorders
 Clinical Staging of HIV/AIDS

• Stage I; Asymptomatic

• Stage II; Herpes zoster

• Stage III &IV; Features of AIDS

HIV ?
 ?
HIV ?

H
MTCT
 Trend of HIV prevalence in ANC
pregnant women at MTC
from 1999 to 2005
2.50%
2.3%
2.00%

1.6%
1.50% 1.5% 1.5%
1.4%
1.2%
1.00%
0.8% 0.8%
0.50%

0.00%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
! HIV
HIV
HIV
HIV
HIV
HIV
HIV
HIV
 HIV
HIV HIV
 HIV
?

HIV ¨

HIV ¨

!
Some Statistics
HIV

-UK
 HIV
?
?

HIV

HIV
HIV (ART)

HIV

Programme

UK HIV
 Whom of them are high risk
people?
• Sex worker
• Sexually promiscuous man

• House wife
• Highway driver
• Old lady
• Sex worker

• Sexually promiscuous man

• House wife
• Highway driver
• Old lady
 Anti Retroviral (ARV’s) Drugs

?
CD4 Cells HIV
HIV
¨ HIV

HIV

NRTI NNRTI PI
AZT NVP Lopinavir
3TC FEV Ritonavir
D4T Saquinavir
ABC